DOCSLIB.ORG

JUSSIEU Bernard De Né Le 17 Août 1699 À Lyon, Rhône

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
JUSSIEU Bernard De Né Le 17 Août 1699 À Lyon, Rhône Dictionnaire historique des membres de la société linnéenne de Lyon et des sociétés Physiophile de Lyon, d’études scientifiques de Lyon, botanique de Lyon et d’anthropologie de Lyon réunies JUSSIEU Bernard de Né le 17 août 1699 à Lyon, Rhône. Décédé le 06 novembre 1777 à Paris. Bernard de Jussieu.jpg Wikipedia d’après portrait peint par Madeleine-Françoise Basseporte (1701-1780) Biographie. Botaniste. Fils de Laurent Jussieu (1651-1718), pharmacien et de Lucie Cousin (1661 ?-1753). 13e enfant. Frère d’Antoine et de Joseph de Jussieu. Études au collège jésuite de Lyon. 1714. Poursuite de ses études à Paris auprès d’Antoine. 1716. Lors d’un cours séjour à Lyon (fin août-fin septembre), Antoine et Bernard herborisent au Mon-Pilat, visitent les mines de cuivre de Sain-Bel et les mines de Saint- Chamond. Puis, voyaGe d’herborisation en EspaGne et au PortuGal avec son frère Antoine. 1717. Au retour d’EspaGne, Bernard séjourne 4 mois à Lyon (Juin à début octobre) où il herborise. Reste irrésolu quant à sa carrière future, son père lui enjoint de suivre la médecine. 1720. Docteur en médecine, à Montpellier. Mais préfère la botanique à la médecine et de 1720 à 1722, herborise dans les environs de Lyon avant de rejoindre Antoine à Paris. 1722-1777. Sous-démonstrateur de botanique au Jardin des Plantes. AuGmente l’herbier et le droguier du jardin qui devient Cabinet du Roi. 1724. Licence à la Faculté de médecine de Paris. 1726. Reçut docteur à la Faculté de médecine de Paris. 1738. Accueille avec Antoine, Linné à Paris pendant un mois et une étroite liaison s’installe entre les deux hommes. 1742. Exploration des côtes de Normandie et décrit les espèces véGétales, mais aussi animales rencontrées. Refuse la charge de botaniste du roi, libre après la mort de son frère Antoine. 1758. Création d'une école de botanique dans les jardins de Trianon, dirigés par Claude Richard. Il développe un système nouveau, basé sur les caractères morpholoGiques des plantes. Ce système sera repris et affiné par son neveu Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu. Vivant avec Antoine, ils recevaient leurs amis comme Malesherbes, Duhamel, Lemonnier, Poivre et d’autres pour discuter. 1765. Demande à son neveu Antoine-Laurent, âGé de 17 ans de la rejoindre à Paris pour compléter ses études de médecine. 1771. Il accueille à Paris, Joseph, puis un frère qui vint profiter de son hospitalité durant ses dernières années. Pendant, sa vieillesse Antoine-Laurent lui prodigua tous les soins et Bernard lui livra tous les trésors de son savoir. Bernard de Jussieu Gravure par Ambroise Tardieu Buste de Bernard de Jussieu en Hermès, par Jean-François (1788-1841) Legendre-Héral en 1835, exposé la même année au Salon des Artistes Français et conservé au Musée des Beaux- Arts de Lyon. William Crochot, Wikimedia Commons (CC-BY-SA 4.0) B.Juss. est l’abréviation botanique standard de Bernard de Jussieu. Paris 5e, rue Jussieu, place Jussieu, botanistes. Elles sont situées au voisinage du Jardin des plantes. Marseille 4e, rue Jussieu en hommaGe aux trois frères botanistes Antoine, Bernard, Joseph. Sources biographiques Anonyme 1936. [Vente. Livres. 1936-02-10. Paris, Hôtel Drouot] Catalogue de livres et autoGraphes provenant en majeure partie des bibliothèques d'Antoine, Bernard, Antoine-Laurent et Adrien de Jussieu,... : VoyaGes, médecine, sciences, littérature, sciences naturelles et principalement botanique, livres illustrés, livres aux armes : vente, Paris, Hôtel des commissaires-priseurs, 9 rue Drouot, salle n° 9, le 10 février 1936 / par le ministère de Me Édouard Giard,... assisté de M. GeorGes Andrieux. Paris, 56 p. Anonyme 1997. [Vente. Livres. 1997-12-12. Paris]. Livres et documents provenant des bibliothèques d'Antoine, Bernard, Antoine-Laurent et Adrien de Jussieu... & des familles Ramond-Gontaud et Fizeau : vente, Paris, Drouot-Richelieu, salle 3, 12 décembre 1997, commissaires-priseurs, Mes J.-M. et Y. Le Mouel. Paris, J. Benelli, T. Bodin, P.-M. Richard, Non paginé [40] p. Audelin L. 1987. Les Jussieu. Une dynastie de botanistes au XVIIIe siècle (1680-1789). Thèse de l'École nationale des Chartes. Audelin L. 1987. Les oriGines lyonnaises de la réussite sociale des Jussieu. Comptes rendus du 112e ConGrès national des Sociétés savantes, Lyon, 1987, Histoire des sciences et des techniques, 1 (1) : 121-127. Camarasa Josep Maria 1995. Salvadorianae, II. Les Jussieu et les Salvador : deux familles de naturalistes au début du XVIIIe siècle, p. 69-102. Laissus Yves dir., Les naturalistes français en Amérique du Sud. XVIe-XIXe siècles. 118e congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, Pau, 1993, 460 p. Comte Achille 1845. Notice sur Antoine, Bernard et Laurent de Jussieu. Plutarque français, 16 p. DahlGren E. W. KunGl. Svenska vetenskapsakademien. PersonförteckninGar 1739-1915. Stockholm, Almquist &Wiksells. Bernard de Jussieu, p. Desnoyers 1730. [Factum. Jussieu, Bernard de. 1730]. Mémoire pour le sieur Bernard de Jussieu,... professeur et sous-démonstrateur des plantes au Jardin royal, et l'un des membres de l'Académie des sciences de Paris et de la Société Royale de Londres,... contre Madeleine Laboureur, femme de Jean LinGer, et Marie-Charles LinGer, leur fils. (Paris), P.-N. Lottin. Dulieu Louis 1986. La médecine à Montpellier. Vol. 3, Les presses universelles, p. 427. Fée A. 1837. Les Jussieu et la méthode naturelle. Revue d’Alsace, 7-9. Flourens Marie-Jean-Pierre 1857. De la méthode naturelle et des Jussieu. II. De la famille des Jussieu, p.17-19. III. D’Antoine Jussieu, p. 19-49. IV. De Bernard de Jussieu, p.49-107. V. De Joseph de Jussieu, p. 108-110. VI. De Laurent de Jussieu et de la vue complète de la méthode, p 110-128. VII. Vie de Laurent de Jussieu et influence de ses travaux, p.128-147. VIII. Adrien de Jussieu, p. 147-150. Notes. 151-165. Liste des écrits des Jussieu. 166-173. Recueil des éloges historiques lus dans les séances publiques de l'Académie des Sciences par P. Flourens, seconde série, Paris, Garnier frères, 436 p. Flourens Marie-Jean-Pierre 1888. The Jussieus and the Natural Method. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 246–276. Gidon Ferdinand 1928. Deux thèses de Caen sur la méthode de Bernard de Jussieu (1747 et 1778). Bulletin de la Société française d'histoire de la médecine, 1928, n° 5 et 6, 8 p. Gras AuGuste 1861. Sur deux lettres inédites de Bernard de Jussieu. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, VIII, 6 p. Johanneau É 1796. Tableau synoptique de la méthode botanique de B. et A. L. Jussieu. Dressé par É. Johanneau. A Paris, de l'imprimerie de la République. Vendémiaire, an V. Jussieu Adrien de 1855. Caroli a Linné ad Bernardum de Jussieu ineditae, et mutuae Bernardi ad Linnaeume Epistolae. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2, 5 : 179–234. Le Preux 1779. Éloge de M. de Jussieu, docteur-régent de la Faculté de médecine de Paris lu dans la séance de ladite Faculté, le 5 oct. 1778. (S. l.,), 1779 MaGnin 1888. Séance 24 avril 1888. RenseiGnements inédits sur la famille de Jussieu. Bull. soc. bota. Lyon, Comptes rendus des séances 1888-1893 : 52-57. MaGnin A. 1906. Additions et corrections au Prodrome des botanistes lyonnais. Ann. Soc. Bota. Lyon, 1906, XXXI : 103-141. Jussieu, p. 109, n° 59 bis. MaGnin Ant. 1906. Prodrome d'une histoire des botanistes lyonnais. Additions & errata. N° 1-134. Ann. Soc. bota. Lyon, Notes et mémoires, année 1906, 31 : 1-72 et 1-4. Jussieu, p. 27. Maury L.-F.- Alfred 1864. Les académies d'autrefois. L'ancienne académie des sciences, Paris, Didier, p. 111, 423, 274. Pizzetta J. 1890. Dictionnaire populaire illustré d'histoire naturelle : comprenant la botanique, la zooloGie, l’anthropoloGie, l’anatomie, la physioloGie, la GéoloGie, la paléontoloGie, la minéraloGie avec les applications de ces sciences à l’aGriculture, à la médecine, aux arts et à l’industrie suivi de la bioGraphie des plus célèbres naturalistes. Introduction par Edmond Perrier. Paris, A. Hennuyer, 1164 p. Jussieu (Bernard de), p. 1144-1145. Société d'hommes de lettres et d'artistes 1821-1829. Galerie française ou Collection de portraits des hommes et des femmes qui ont illustré la France, dans les XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, avec des notices et des fac similé, précédée d'une introduction qui comprendra les principaux événements qui se sont passés depuis Mérovée jusqu'à Louis XII. Paris, F. Didot. Vol. 3, Homme célèbre, portrait. Stafleu Frans Antonie 2008. Jussieu, Bernard De, p. 199–200. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. 7, Charles Scribner's Sons, Detroit. Stafleu F. A., Cowan Richard Sumner 1979. Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. 2: H–Le, 2. AuflaGe, 479–480. VinGtrinier A. 1860. Documents sur la famille des Jussieu. Revue Lyonnaise, série 2, n)20 : 405-413. http://collections.bm-lyon.fr/PER00282090 Williams RoGer Lawrence 2001. Bernard de Jussieu and the Petit Trianon. Roger Lawrence Williams: Botanophilia in Eighteenth-Century France. The Spirit of the Enlightenment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 31–44. Publications du savant 1719. De naturali secretione bilis in Jecore (Praes. Antonio MaGnol. Cand. Bernardo De Jussieu). Monspelii, H. Pech. 1724. An a systematis, medicina certior ? (Praes. Ludovico Joanne. Le Thieullies. Cand. Bernardo De Jussieu). Parisiis. 1725. An ut in america sic in hac regione Apalachines potus salubris ? (Praes. Armando Josepho Collot. Cand. Bernardo De Jussieu). Parisiis 1725. Histoire des plantes des environs de Paris, avec leur usaGe dans la médecine. Par M. Pitton Tournefort, 2e édition, revue et auGmentée par M. Bernard de Jussieu. Paris, J. Musier, 2 vol. ([116]-407. 1726. An cuique gangraenae solius chirurgiae auxilium ? (Praes. Nicolao Le Tillier.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Admirable Trees of Through Two World Wars and Witnessed the Nation’S Greatest Dramas Versailles
    Admirable trees estate of versailles estate With Patronage of maison rémy martin The history of France from tree to tree Established in 1724 and granted Royal Approval in 1738 by Louis XV, Trees have so many stories to tell, hidden away in their shadows. At Maison Rémy Martin shares with the Palace of Versailles an absolute Versailles, these stories combine into a veritable epic, considering respect of time, a spirit of openness and innovation, a willingness to that some of its trees have, from the tips of their leafy crowns, seen pass on its exceptional knowledge and respect for the environment the kings of France come and go, observed the Revolution, lived – all of which are values that connect it to the Admirable Trees of through two World Wars and witnessed the nation’s greatest dramas Versailles. and most joyous celebrations. Strolling from tree to tree is like walking through part of the history of France, encompassing the influence of Louis XIV, the experi- ments of Louis XV, the passion for hunting of Louis XVI, as well as the great maritime expeditions and the antics of Marie-Antoinette. It also calls to mind the unending renewal of these fragile giants, which can be toppled by a strong gust and need many years to grow back again. Pedunculate oak, Trianon forecourts; planted during the reign of Louis XIV, in 1668, this oak is the doyen of the trees on the Estate of Versailles 1 2 From the French-style gardens in front of the Palace to the English garden at Trianon, the Estate of Versailles is dotted with extraordi- nary trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernard De JUSSIEU
    ROYALE (~ HtSTOIRE DE L'ACADÉMIE 6~ DE M D E 7 7 E BERNARD DE JussiEU Doreur en Médecine des Facultés de Paris & de MontpeUier, Profencur & Démonf- de la Société trateur de Botanique au Jardin royal royale de Londres, des Académies de Berlin Péterfbourg, Upfa!, ie de i'tnftitut de Bologne, &c. naquit à Lyon, t;7 Août Docteur en Médecine, to9p, de Laurent de Junieu, puis Maître en Pharmacie de la même ville, & de Lucie Couun. fous les Ii vint à Paris en t~ t4-, achever (ès études yeux d'Antoine de Juu~eu fon frère Membre de ~'Académieroyale des Sciences, Profeneur de Botanique au Jardin du Roi, & foit comme Botaniste, qui )ouiubit d'une grande réputation, toit comme Médecin. JuiHeu furent-eHes .finies, A peine tes études de M. de un examiner que fon fcèœ entreprit en 710, voyage pour du M. de les Plantes des Pyrénées, de l'Espagne & Portugal il n'avoit Juffieu l'accompagna .dans ce voyage jufqu'alors c'étoit.ia. montré pour la Botanique aucune préférence marquée; des Plantes hors d'un de première fois qui! obfervoit jardin ni aucune de celles Botanique, & jamais il n'a oubtié qu'il il les avoit vit alors ni le nom 6e la pof'tion des iienx où tronv~s. On a vu fbuvent des!hémmes indinérens à tous les à leur. attention, & mon- objets qu'on orri-oitfucceujvement une indolence trant pour toute efpèce d'exercice de,l'efprit, fe que i'on prenoit pour de la cupidité, porter tout-à-coup exclufivement deninés. vers un objet pour lequel ils fembioient dès leurs ie fuivre avec une véritable pan~on & déployer n'eût premiers pas une ardeur & une fagacité qu'on pas la Nature tbupçonnées mais rarement ces hommes que <t D E S S C 1 E N C E s.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernon H. Heywood the Cultural Heritage Of
    Bocconea 28: 161-172 https://doi.org/10.7320/Bocc28.161 Version of Record published online on 22 November 2019 Vernon H. Heywood The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens* Abstract Heywood, V. H.: The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens. — Bocconea 28: 161- 172. 2019. — ISSN: 1120-4060 printed, 2280-3882 online. Mediterranean botanic gardens represent a rich and diverse cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. They include spectacular landscapes and the plantings include many important intro- ductions of both ornamental and economically important species. The gardens also contain many buildings of great architectural merit, some historic, some modern. Also important are the historic glasshouses and shade houses. Many of these gardens contain important herbarium collections that have served a key role in the preparation of Floras and major botanical libraries containing historical works of great value as well as works of art, sculptures paintings, drawings, and other illustrations and invaluable historic archives. The intangible cultural heritage of these gardens is represented by the impact that they have had the inhabitants of the cities and towns in which they are located and on generations of visitors – students, professionals and the public. With the decline of teaching and research in botany as a university discipline, some of these collections are at risk of dispersal or an even worse fate. In the face of these uncertainties a series of proposals to help safeguard this invaluable heritage is given, including the compilation of an inventory of these his- torically important buildings, libraries, works of art and archives and the use of the latest scanning and imaging techniques so that a visual record is prepared.
    [Show full text]
  • Setting up Milestones: Sneath on Adanson and Mayr on Darwin
    Chapter 1 Setting Up Milestones: Sneath on Adanson and Mayr on Darwin Mary P. Winsor Abstract History is written by people, and whether those people are historians, scientists, or philos- ophers makes a difference in what they want from the past. Usually, scientists hope to foretell or even influence the future, a motive uncongenial to historians. Two instances of biologists setting up historical figures as milestones, heroic forerunners of their own views, exemplify important issues about the writing of history. In 1957 Peter Sneath, a founder of numerical taxonomy, identified Michel Adanson as his precursor, proposing the term Adan- sonian for principles Sneath advocated. Sneath did not realize that statements about Adanson by previous scientists, including Francis Bather and Georges Cuvier, misrepresented his methods. Sneath’s historical interpretation was immediately challenged by botanists who had paid close attention to Adanson's writings. With co-author Robert Sokal, Sneath appealed to historians of science to adjudicate the question, but none responded. In 1957 Ernst Mayr announced that Charles Darwin had replaced typological thinking by population thinking. Mayr’s claim about the dominance of typology acquired new lustre when melded with Karl Popper’s coinage, “essentialism.” Mayr’s historical interpretation reflected 20th- century concerns but was supported by scant historical evidence. The example of Adanson undermines Mayr’s claim, but here too historians failed to supply an effective evaluation. Both stories warn that scientists must take responsibility for their own history. Several recent occurrences indicate a revival of interest in systematic biology and the broad problems of classification … . [Their effect is] to disturb our confidence in the concepts with which we have worked so long and to make us wonder whether any System at all can be based on the Theory of Descent.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Taxonomy
    History of Taxonomy The history of taxonomy dates back to the origin of human language. Western scientific taxonomy started in Greek some hundred years BC and are here divided into prelinnaean and postlinnaean. The most important works are cited and the progress of taxonomy (with the focus on botanical taxonomy) are described up to the era of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, who founded modern taxonomy. The development after Linnaeus is characterized by a taxonomy that increasingly have come to reflect the paradigm of evolution. The used characters have extended from morphological to molecular. Nomenclatural rules have developed strongly during the 19th and 20th century, and during the last decade traditional nomenclature has been challenged by advocates of the Phylocode. Mariette Manktelow Dept of Systematic Biology Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Norbyv. 18D SE-752 36 Uppsala E-mail: [email protected] 1. Pre-Linnaean taxonomy 1.1. Earliest taxonomy Taxonomy is as old as the language skill of mankind. It has always been essential to know the names of edible as well as poisonous plants in order to communicate acquired experiences to other members of the family and the tribe. Since my profession is that of a systematic botanist, I will focus my lecture on botanical taxonomy. A taxonomist should be aware of that apart from scientific taxonomy there is and has always been folk taxonomy, which is of great importance in, for example, ethnobiological studies. When we speak about ancient taxonomy we usually mean the history in the Western world, starting with Romans and Greek. However, the earliest traces are not from the West, but from the East.
    [Show full text]
  • Doc-Nodate-61
    Pierre Poivre dans les archives Jussieu du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (ainsi que Fusée-Aublet et l’abbé Galloys) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Par Jean Paul Morel Nous avons consulté dans le fonds Jussieu du Muséum, les pièces que nous estimions susceptibles d’intéresser la biographie de Pierre Poivre, (Jus 1, 5, 16-18), et nous transcrivons ici les passages où il est question de Pierre Poivre, et également quelques autres extraits concernant l’abbé Galloys et Fusée-Aublet, deux hommes qui furent en relation avec Pierre Poivre. Tous les extraits retenus, proviennent de lettres adressées par Antoine- Laurent de Jussieu à sa mère Jeanne Pallier ; lui habite avec son oncle Bernard de Jussieu à Paris, elle est veuve de Christophe, le frère aîné de Bernard, elle habite à Lyon. C’est la thèse de l’Ecole des Chartes de Mme Louise Audelin : Les Jussieu. Une dynastie de botanistes au XVIII e siècle , qui nous a orienté vers le fonds Jussieu du Muséum. Cette thèse nous apprend que Pierre Poivre était un ami de la famille Jussieu, des Lyonnais comme lui, mais les extraits ici retranscrits (nous avons consulté toutes les références de la thèse), ne témoignent pas de relations aussi intimes que ce que Mme Audelin écrit : « Poivre était un ami personnel de la famille Jussieu et particulièrement de Christophe » (p.251), ou encore « Pierre Poivre, l’ami fidèle de la famille » (p.358). En particulier nous aurions aimé pouvoir confirmer : « et lorsqu’il [Poivre] étudia l’histoire naturelle avant de partir en mission en Chine, il bénéficia tout naturellement des leçons des frères Jussieu » (p.251).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 12:40:43AM Via Free Access 206 René Sigrist Plants
    ON SOME SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BOTANISTS René Sigrist* In the eighteenth century, the systematic study of plants was already an old story that could be traced back to the Renaissance and even to clas- sical antiquity. Yet the existence of botany as a science independent of medicine was not as old. It would be difficult to ascertain to what extent it was already a discipline practised by specialized scholars—not to men- tion professionals.1 In 1751 Linné, in his Philosophia botanica, had tried to define the aims and the ideal organisation of such a discipline. Yet, despite the many students who came to hear him in Uppsala, and his eminent position within the Republic of Letters, it was not in his power to impose professional standards on other botanists. Diverging concep- tions of the science of plants persisted at least until the final triumph of Jussieu’s natural method of classification, in the early nineteenth century. The emergence of the professional botanist would be a still longer pro- cess, with important differences from one country to another. The pres- ent article aims to analyse the social status of botanists in the eighteenth century and in the early nineteenth century, a period which can be char- acterised as the golden age of scientific academies.2 Starting with Linné’s conception of the division of tasks within the community of phytologues, it focuses on the social perception of botanists, on the structure of episto- lary links within the Republic of Botanists, and finally on the professional activities and social origins of the major contributors to the science of * Invited scholar (FWO Fellow) at Gent University, Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamarck: the Birth of Biology Author(S): Frans A
    Lamarck: The Birth of Biology Author(s): Frans A. Stafleu Reviewed work(s): Source: Taxon, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Aug., 1971), pp. 397-442 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1218244 . Accessed: 24/12/2012 16:29 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Mon, 24 Dec 2012 16:29:36 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TAXON 20(4): 397-442. AUGUST 1971 LAMARCK:THE BIRTH OF BIOLOGY Frans A. Stafleu "A long blind patience, such was his genius of the Universe" (Sainte Beuve) Summary A review of the development of Lamarck'sideas on biological systematibswith special reference to the origin and development of his concept of organic evolution. Lamarck's development towards biological systematics is traced through his early botanical and geological writings and related to the gradual change in his scientific outlook from a static and essentialist view of nature towards a dynamic and positivist concept of the life sciences as a special discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Magnol: His Life and Works Tony A)Etio, the Norrfs Arboretum of the Unlversfty of Pennsylvania
    ISSUE 74 HISGHOUS Pierre Magnol: His Life and Works Tony A)etio, The Norrfs Arboretum of the Unlversfty of Pennsylvania Having long admired the beauty and diversity of the genus Magna(in, I have known for quite some time that the name honors the French bota- nist Pierre Magnol (see van Manen, Mngnolin zoo3). But it was only in the last year that I started to wonder about the life of the man for whom this wonderful genus was named. After searching for biographical informa- tion I quickly learned that there was very little accessible information on Magnol, despite the popularity of growing magnolias. With this in mind, I began digging deeper and was inspired to write this article. Most of the biographical sources I found were in French from the 18oos, with the more recent information in English from an obscure book chapter (Steam 1973). Pierre Magnol (8 June 1638— zr May 1715 (Bamhart 1965)) was a leading 171H century botanist who was born, lived, worked, and died in Mont- pellier in southern France, and was widely known throughout Europe for his botanical knowledge and erudition. He came from a family of apothecaries: his grandfather Jean Magnol, father Claude, and brother Cesar, all took up that profession (Dulieu 1959). From a young age Mag- nol had been inspired to botanize in the area surrounding Montpellier, and being one of the youngest members of his family, had more choice and desired to become a physician (Dulieu 1959). To many Americans, myself included, Montpellier is a somewhat ob- scure and relatively unknown place (although on further investigation it sounds like a fascinating city to visit).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.POST-WAR BOTANY. the JOURNEY MADE by JOAN
    Mètode Science Studies Journal ISSN: 2174-3487 [email protected] Universitat de València España Folch, Ramon POST-WAR BOTANY. THE JOURNEY MADE BY JOAN SALVADOR AND ANTOINE DE JUSSIEU AROUND SPAIN AND PORTUGAL Mètode Science Studies Journal, núm. 4, 2014, pp. 125-131 Universitat de València Valencia, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=511751359016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative MONOGRAPH MÈTODE Science Studies Journal, 4 (2014): 125-131. University of Valencia. DOI: 10.7203/metode.79.2635 ISSN: 2174-3487. Article received: 19/06/2013, accepted: 06/09/2013. POST-WAR BOTANY THE JOURNEY MADE BY JOAN SALVADOR AND ANTOINE DE JUSSIEU AROUND SPAIN AND PORTUGAL RAMON FOLCH Between 1716 and 1717, Joan Salvador i Riera, an apothecary from Barcelona and Antoine de Jussieu, a professor of botany at Le Jardin du Roi in Paris, travelled the roads of Spain and Portugal, sometime by calash, sometimes on mule back, to make «botanical observations». This article provides a brief overview of the Salvador family and a glimpse of the journey made by these two naturalists. Keywords: Joan Salvador, Antoine de Jussieu, Spain, Portugal, travel. ■ A FAMILY OF ENLIGHTENED APOTHECARIES In the early seventeenth century, the young Joan Salvador i Boscà (1598-1681), full of hope, left his hometown, Calella, for the jostling city of Barcelona. At just 18 years of age, he was admitted to the College of Apothecaries and at 28, in 1626, he married the daughter of his benefactor, the wealthy apothecary Gabriel Pedrol.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual System • However, This Classification System Was a Backward Step to Artificial! Linnaeus - Sexual System
    Classification Classification • classification is the 3rd goal of systematics • ancient search for “natural” system of classification • important non-Western systems • Parashara (India) 2000 BC • Chinese • Aztecs • Egyptians • Mayan (Tzeltal) - ethnotaxonomy Systems of Classifications Examine three main systems of classifications and how they “evolved” in the context of western civilization Artificial Classifications Theophrastus (372-287 BC) took the philosophical ideas of Plato and Aristotle and applied them to taxonomy ‘essentialism’ Habit as an “essence” or essential character herb subshrub shrub tree Artificial Classifications Theophrastus (372-287 BC) took the philosophical ideas of Plato and Aristotle and applied them to taxonomy De Historia Plantarum ‘essentialism’ Habit as an “essence” or essential character herb subshrub shrub tree Theophrastus saw a linear gradation when essences are used to arrange organisms Artificial Classifications Scalae Naturae This linear gradation concept is the Aristotlean Scalae Naturae or Great Chain of Being or Ladder of Life Unidirectional progression and rank on ladder leads to (false) ideas of relationships – “fish more closely related to molluscs than fish are to humans” Concept of ladder of life still around today and causes much of the controversy and mis-understanding surrounding evolution Artificial Classifications Evolution does not advocate this “ladder” of life, but rather advocates a “branching tree” Evolution asserts (testable!) that fish are more closely related to humans A because
    [Show full text]
  • The French Revolution and the Politics of Sea Voyaging
    The French Revolution and the Politics of Sea Voyaging Jean Fornasiero and John West-Sooby In recent years, the historiography of French travel and exploration has been rejuvenated by studies highlighting the influence of maritime voyages on public policy, as well as the key role they played in the evolution of scientific thought and the history of ideas, most notably through the discovery of new lands and peoples, the gathering of natural history collections, or research into tropical medicine. McClellan and Regourd (2012), for example, in their detailed study of the interaction between science and imperial expansion under the ancien régime, demonstrate the pivotal role of maritime exploration in what they term the ‘colonial machine’—the complex network of state-controlled organisations that, from the sixteenth century through to 1789, joined forces to build a coherent programme of world domination aimed at countering Britain’s developing colonial empire. As McClellan and Regourd show, French institutions such as the Royal Navy, the Royal Academy of Sciences and the Jardin du roi collaborated closely in order to address the problems raised by European colonial expansion: cartography and navigation; the medical care of sailors, colonists and slaves; applied botany and commodity production. In philosophical and ideological terms, the major Enlightenment voyages—most notably those of Bougainville, La Pérouse and Cook—had a major influence on European thought. But what happens after 1789? Despite some major advances in our understanding of the history of science and of intellectual societies during the French Revolution (e.g. Chappey 2002, 2010), the interaction between voyages of discovery and the political and intellectual ferment of the period has as yet received little attention.
    [Show full text]