DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal Sustainable Urban Regeneration Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration XXXXX XXXXX The University of Tokyo Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal Tomohito Okuda (Urban planning, The University of Tokyo) 1. Urban flooding in Dakar of Dakar, Guédiawaye, Pikine and Rufisque (Fig. 1). Today’s Dakar Metropolitan Area covers Growing worldwide interest in urban flood departments of Dakar, Guédiawaye and Pikine risk in developing countries, especially in and a part of Rufisque. In this paper, ‘Dakar’ Sub-Saharan Africa, can be viewed from a variety without explanation means ‘Dakar Region’, and of aspects such as climate change, rapid ‘peri-urban areas’ means the areas of Pikine and urbanization or poverty. The following is a typical Guediawaye. scenario: rapid urban growth becomes unmanageable for the “formal” procedure of In the Republic of Senegal, more than 42% development within existing legislation, and urban of the population lives in cities. The average Fig. 1 Four depertments of Dakar Region poor who need a place to live construct houses on annual rate of change of the urban population of Source: Author a flood-prone areas, for example steep slopes or Senegal between 2005 and 2010 is estimated at low-lying grounds near water stream. Such a 3.22% (UN-DESA/PD, 2010). The region of Dakar poor. Over 90% of the population in peri-urban process is promoted under a wide range of covers only 0.3 % of the national territory but Dakar lives in areas classified as slums or conditions, including change in the pattern of hosts about 21 % of the national population (2.6 spontaneous settlements. It is said that its precipitation because of global climate change, million) and concentrates formal and informal unplanned urbanization, lack and disfunction of outflow of rural population because of agricultural economic activities (ANSD, 2011). The climate is drainage systems are major factors of flood risk intensification and population growth, or poor land semi-arid with two seasons: the dry season (Wang, H. G. et al., 2009; The Republic of management systems. (October to June) and the rainy season (July to Senegal, 2010). Flooding has been identified as one of the September) (Fig. 2). The average annual major factors preventing Africa’s growing precipitation between 2000 and 2009 is 354 mm Generally, urban floods in Dakar are viewed population of city dwellers from escaping poverty (Agence Nationale de la Météorologie Sénégal, as a mixture of pluvial floods and groundwater (ActionAid, 2006). All African coastal cities face 2011). floods, combinated with artificial system failures. growing urban flood risk, as a consequence of Jha, A. et al. (2012) define urban floods as rapid urbanization, income gap, poor government From 1980 to 2008, floods have affected an follows: capacity and many other reasons. Moreover, the estimated 400,000 to 600,000 people a year and poor in Africa are far more the victims than caused significant damage on infrastructure, Urban floods typically stem from a complex contributors to global climate change. public equipment and private property. In recent combination of causes. The urban environment years, especially serious damage was recorded in is subject to the same natural forces as the The same can be said for Dakar, this 2005, 2008 and 2009. According to the natural environment and the presence of urban paper’s focus, where urban floods have become a government, about 360,000 people were directly settlements exacerbates the problem. Urban major problem since the late 1980’s. Here we affected in 2009. The cost of the 2009 flooding in areas can be flooded by rivers, coastal floods, understand the complex mechanism of urban Senegal was assessed at USD 104 million. The pluvial and groundwater floods and artificial flooding and highlight some political influence in peri-urban areas of Dakar were the most affected, system failures,… (Jha, A. et al., 2012, p.57) the process in the past. with the cost of flooding estimated at 82 million Senegal has a land area of 196,722 km2 and USD. (The Republic of Senegal, 2010) Among them, groundwater flooding tends to a population of about 12,970,000 (July 2012 est.) The peri-urban Dakar is crowded with urban make long-lasting direct damage. Since (CIA, 2012). Dakar, its capital city, groundwater flooding depends on a complex is located at the westernmost tip of mechanism of soil, it is poorly understood, often the African continent. confused with surface water flooding (Hughes, The definition of “Dakar” A.G. et al., 2011) 1). requires attention. As administrative districts of Senegal, In Dakar, many houses remain inundated there are “City of Dakar (Ville de throughout both the wet and dry seasons. There Dakar)”, “Department of Dakar are also abandoned houses because of serious (Département de Dakar)”, which inundation over a year (Fig. 3). Urban floods have consists of only one city, City of large impacts particularly in terms of social and Dakar, and “Dakar Region (Région Fig. 2 Average monthly precipitation, economic losses both directly and indirectly. de Dakar)”, which consists of four Dakar Hôpital (1896-1944) and Dakar Yoff (1947-2009) Besides serious health problems, residents in the departments including Department Source: ONAS et al. (2010) flood-prone areas often suffer a loss of mobility, Sustainable Urban Regeneration Vulnerable Studies Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration XXXXX XXXXX The University of Tokyo Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal Tomohito Okuda (The University of Tokyo) workplaces and property. Since schools are often used as a shelter after heavy rainfall, children sometimes cannot go to school for several weeks or months (The Republic of Senegal, 2010). Fig. 3 Inundated house, Pikine, Dakar Source: Author, Nov. 2011 Although many studies about flooding of Dakar have been undertaken to date, most of Fig. 4 Topographical map of Dakar them understand causality of flooding only Source: ONAS et al. (2010), Annexe A6.2-a A3C; Legend and letters: adapted by the author. partially. Thus, the following sections will consider the direct and indirect causes of flooding based infrastructure networks of roads and buildings on the facts revealed by existing documents, and were made inside the water streams without any provide the most likely mechanism of flood drainage system and became a factor in flooding. occurrence. (5) Finally, the settlements in depressions make it easy for water to accumulate, causing flooding triggered by recent comeback of rainfall and 2. Previous understanding of causality extreme pluvial events. These processes can be drawn as Fig. 5. Most literature to date understands the cause of the urban flood in Dakar as a The above-mentioned story by Mbow, C. et consequence of informal urbanization and Fig. 5 Conceptual model of flooding in positive rainfall trend. According to Mbow, C. et al. Yeumbeul by Mbow, C. et al. (2008) (2008), the origin of urban flooding goes back to extreme droughts since the 1970’s 2). Using most of the poor migrants from rural areas. (3) rainfall record, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and They acquired lands in the informal pathways past remote-sensing data in Yeumbeul district, and constructed informal urban settlements on one of the flood-prone peri-urban districts of the abandoned lands near water streams. (4) Dakar, they analyzed land cover change of the Expansion of built area means decreasing district since 1954 to track the causes of flooding rainwater infiltration into soil and occurring regularly since 1989. In consequence, increasing runoff, which favors rapid Fig. 6 Locations of the samples in Tab. 1 and Dakar they describe the causality of urban flooding as flooding situations. Moreover, Source: Author follows. (1) Because of long-lasting Tab. 1 Precipitation in 8 western regions of Senegal, 1960-1993 drought since the 1970’s, the rural agricultural lands in Senegal became Region Period Bambey Diourbel Fatick Kaolack Khombole M’Bour Thiès Tivaouane Average unproductive and caused a surge of 1960-9 645 650 690 727 622 754 595 543 657 migrants to cities. (2) Meanwhile, 1970-9 478 509 516 530 438 453 483 409 477 1980-9 471 411 599 549 481 465 411 436 481 depressions in Dakar’s peri-urban 1990-3 473 – 547 – 484 482 404 447 469 areas (cf. Fig. 4) got dry up and Average 525 518 592 602 507 551 485 458 530 became a possible housing site for Source: Guèye, C. et al. (2007). Sustainable Urban Regeneration Vulnerable Studies Center for Sustainable Urban Regeneration XXXXX XXXXX The University of Tokyo Understanding Urban Flooding in Dakar, Senegal Tomohito Okuda (The University of Tokyo) al. gives the outline of the interpretation by the majority of people at the time. Guèye, C. et al. (2007) collected the precipitation records in eight western regions of Senegal (Fig. 6) between 1960 and 1993 and confirmed the decrease in precipitation after 1970 in all samples (Tab. 1). According to them, “Drought, the unequal redistribution of the rural population, the need to leave fallow land used for peanuts crops, and the impoverishment of land suitable for agriculture leave a substantial portion of arable land uncultivated. … [The rural population] migrate Fig. 7 Evolution of urbanized areas in Dakar progressively toward Dakar, Touba and Mbour, or Source: Author, based on CAUS - BCEOM (2006) to foreign countries (Guèye, C. et al., 2007, pp. 89-90)”. As is evident from Fig. 7, most of the immediately lead to the occupation of lands in the after 1970. Even though the drought could have peri-urban areas of Dakar have been urbanized peri-urban Dakar. The evolution of urban and rural promoted the migration of rural dwellers to cities between 1954 and 1985. However, we can find population of Senegal shows rapid increases in to some degree, it is debatable whether the rapid some questionable points here.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Teranga Development Strategy
    TERANGA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FEBRUARY 2014 PREPARED BY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE TDS 5 1.2 OUR PRIORITY OUTCOMES 7 1.3 OUR FOCUS AREA 8 1.4 MYTHODOLOGY 10 1.5 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE 14 2.0 OUR MINE OPERATION 15 2.1 THE SABODALA GOLD OPERATION 16 2.2 OUR FUTURE GROWTH 18 3.0 UNDERSTANDING OUR REGION 20 3.1 INTRODUCTION 21 3.2 GOVERNANCE 22 3.3 DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 27 3.4 AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD 31 3.5 EDUCATION 38 3.6 ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE 46 3.7 TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE 50 3.8 HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY 53 3.9 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 66 3.10 SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE 70 3.11 HOUSING 72 3.12 ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION 74 4.0 OUR VISION FOR OUR ROLE IN THE REGION 79 5.0 A SPATIAL STRUCTURE TO SUPPORT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 81 5.1 INTRODUCTION 82 5.2 THE GOLD DISTRICT CONCEPTUAL SPATIAL PLAN 87 2 6.0 OUR ACTIONS 92 6.1 INTRODUCTION 93 6.2 JOBS AND PEOPLE DEVELOPMENT 94 6.3 LAND ACQUISITION 102 6.4 PROCUREMENT 106 6.5 HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY 110 6.6 MINE-RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE 116 6.7 WORKER HOUSING 119 6.8 COMMUNITY RELATIONS 121 6.9 MINE CLOSURE AND REHABILITATION 125 6.10 FINANCIAL PAYMENTS AND INVESTMENTS 129 LIST OF ACRONYMS 143 TERANGA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 3 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE TDS As the first gold mine in Senegal, Teranga has a unique opportunity to set the industry standard for socially responsible mining in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Labeling Study Report Senegal Key Messages
    ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH IN CHILD FEEDING (ARCH): LABELING STUDY REPORT SENEGAL Report on commercially produced complementary foods and selected commercially produced foods not specifically marketed for but commonly consumed by infants and young children KEY MESSAGES 1. Nutrition is central to strengthening the health and development of individuals and nations. The 1,000 days of a mother’s pregnancy until her child’s 2nd birthday is a particularly critical window of opportunity during which the right nutrition gives children a healthy start at life. • The Government of Senegal joined the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement in 2011, committing to invest in policies and programs to improve nutrition. • In Senegal 27% of children under-five years of age are stunted, never reaching their full cognitive or physical development. 2. Optimal feeding leads to children reaching their full potential. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life, with continued breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond, together with the addition of safe, appropriate complementary foods from 6 months provides the best nutrition for a young child. To protect these optimal feeding practices, the marketing practices of all products aimed at infants and young children, not only breast-milk substitutes, are under the spotlight. • In Senegal, early initiation of breastfeeding is 23%, exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months 39% and continued breastfeeding at the age of two years 51%. • In Senegal complementary feeding is initiated between 6-8 months for 61% of infants. 3. Evidence must guide policy development. Recognizing that commercially produced complementary foods are often a part of a child’s diet, Helen Keller International’s Assessment and Research on Child Feeding (ARCH) Project is gathering data on the promotion of foods consumed by infants and young children in Senegal, Cambodia, Nepal and Tanzania.
    [Show full text]
  • Vii. Impacts Environnementaux Et Sociaux Du Projet
    SFG2890 République du Sénégal ------------ Un Peuple – Un But – Une Foi Ministère de l’Environnement et du Ministère des Infrastructures, Développement Durable des Transports Terrestres ------------ et du Désenclavement Direction de l’Environnement et des Public Disclosure Authorized Etablissements Classés Préparation d’une expérience pilote d’un système de bus rapides sur voie réservée à Dakar (BRT) Public Disclosure Authorized ETUDE D’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL ET SOCIAL Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Rapport final Janvier 2017 TABLE DES MATIERES Table des matières TABLE DES MATIERES .................................................................................................................................... 1 RESUME NON TECHNIQUE ........................................................................................................................... 12 Un des enjeux majeurs du projet BRT sera de contribuer à l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air. .................. 15 Présentation de la zone d’étude du projet ...................................................................................................... 15 Les impacts positifs ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Les impacts négatifs ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Estimation des coûts du PGES.......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Region De Dakar
    Annexe à l’arrêté déterminant la carte électorale nationale pour les élections de représentativité syndicale dans le secteur public de l’Education et de la Formation REGION DE DAKAR DEPARTEMENT DE DAKAR COMMUNE OU LOCALITE LIEU DE VOTE BUREAU DE VOTE IEF ALMADIES YOFF LYCEE DE YOFF ECOLE JAPONAISE SATOEISAT 02 ECOLE DIAMALAYE YOFF ECOLE DEMBA NDOYE 02 LYCEE OUAKAM 02 NGOR -OUAKAM ECOLE MBAYE DIOP 02 LYCEE NGALANDOU DIOUF 01 MERMOZ SACRE-COEUR ECOLE MASS MASSAER DIOP 01 TOTAL : 08 LIEUX DE VOTE 10 BUREAUX DE VOTE IEF GRAND DAKAR CEM HANN 01 HANN BEL AIR EL HOUDOU MABTHIE 01 KAWABATA YASUNARI 01 HLM CEM DR SAMBA GUEYE 01 OUAGOU NIAYES 3/A 01 HLM 4 /B 01 CEM LIBERTE 6/C 01 DIEUPEUL SICAP / LIBERTE LIBERTE 6/A 01 DERKLE 2/A 01 CEM EL H BADARA MBAYE KABA 01 BSCUITERIE / GRAND - AMADOU DIAGNE WORE 01 DAKAR BSCUITERIE 01 TOTAL 11 lieux de vote 12 BUREAUX DE VOTE IEF PARCELLES ASSAINIES PA 1/ PA2 LYCEE PA U13 03 LYCEE SERGENT MALAMINE CAMARA 02 ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE PAC /U8 02 ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE PAC /U3 02 LYCEE TALIBOU DABO 02 ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE P.O. HLM 02 GRAND YOFF ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE SCAT URBAM 02 LYCEE PATTE D’OIE BUILDERS 02 PATTE DOIE / CAMBARENE ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE SOPRIM 01 TOTAL LIEUX DE VOTE : 09 18 BUREAUX DE VOTE IEF /DAKAR PLATEAU LYCEE BLAISE DIAGNE 03 LYCEE FADHILOU MBACKE 01 A AHMADOU BAMBA MBACKE DIOP 01 LYCEE JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY 03 LYCEE MIXTE MAURICE DELAFOSSE 05 B ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE COLOBANE 2 02 ECOLE MANGUIERS 2 01 ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE SACOURA BADIANE 02 LYCEE LAMINE GUEYE 02 LYCEE EL HADJI MALICK SY 01 C ECOLE ELEMENTAIRE MOUR
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping and Remote Sensing of the Resources of the Republic of Senegal
    MAPPING AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL A STUDY OF THE GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, SOILS, VEGETATION AND LAND USE POTENTIAL SDSU-RSI-86-O 1 -Al DIRECTION DE __ Agency for International REMOTE SENSING INSTITUTE L'AMENAGEMENT Development DU TERRITOIRE ..i..... MAPPING AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL A STUDY OF THE GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY, SOILS, VEGETATION AND LAND USE POTENTIAL For THE REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL LE MINISTERE DE L'INTERIEUP SECRETARIAT D'ETAT A LA DECENTRALISATION Prepared by THE REMOTE SENSING INSTITUTE SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA 57007, USA Project Director - Victor I. Myers Chief of Party - Andrew S. Stancioff Authors Geology and Hydrology - Andrew Stancioff Soils/Land Capability - Marc Staljanssens Vegetation/Land Use - Gray Tappan Under Contract To THE UNITED STATED AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT MAPPING AND REMOTE SENSING PROJECT CONTRACT N0 -AID/afr-685-0233-C-00-2013-00 Cover Photographs Top Left: A pasture among baobabs on the Bargny Plateau. Top Right: Rice fields and swamp priairesof Basse Casamance. Bottom Left: A portion of a Landsat image of Basse Casamance taken on February 21, 1973 (dry season). Bottom Right: A low altitude, oblique aerial photograph of a series of niayes northeast of Fas Boye. Altitude: 700 m; Date: April 27, 1984. PREFACE Science's only hope of escaping a Tower of Babel calamity is the preparationfrom time to time of works which sumarize and which popularize the endless series of disconnected technical contributions. Carl L. Hubbs 1935 This report contains the results of a 1982-1985 survey of the resources of Senegal for the National Plan for Land Use and Development.
    [Show full text]
  • PAA Africa Programme in Senegal's Kédougou Region
    Decentralized Evaluation PAA Africa programme in Senegal’s Kédougou region September 2013 – July 2016 March 2017 WFP/FAO PAA Coordination Unit Evaluation Managers: Francesco Slaviero and Enrico Cristiani Prepared by Professor Abdolaye Diagne, Evaluation Team Leader Dr Laura Solaroli, Evaluation Team Member Mr Abdolaye Ba, Evaluation Team Member, Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CRES) Acknowledgements The evaluation team wishes to acknowledge the generous support and time taken by the PAA Coordination Unit (CU) in WFP and the wider WFP staff and senior management for the role in coordinating and managing the decentralised evaluation process, with invaluable support from WFP’s Office of Evaluation (OEV). The team also addresses its most sincere gratitude to the Government of Brazil and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) for providing the resources necessary to respectively implement the programme and carry out the evaluation. Furthermore, it is with much appreciation that we acknowledge the technical partnership of the FAO PAA Coordination Unit, FAO Office of Evaluation (OED), and the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) and DFID, who provided support towards ensuring the high quality of the evaluation. We would like to extend our appreciation to the WFP and FAO staff in Senegal, for contributing their knowledge, time, and resources and for making the field mission possible. We acknowledge the valuable work of the team of statisticians from the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CRES) in collecting and processing data. The Team is indebted to the Government of Senegal for its support, views, suggestions and time. We are grateful to all the local individuals and institutions that granted their valuable time and information to the Evaluation Team; their cooperation and openness provided essential contributions to the evaluation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Burden of Malaria in Senegal: Bayesian Zero-Inflated Binomial Geostatistical Modeling of the MIS 2008 Data
    Estimating the Burden of Malaria in Senegal: Bayesian Zero-Inflated Binomial Geostatistical Modeling of the MIS 2008 Data Federica Giardina1,2, Laura Gosoniu1,2, Lassana Konate3, Mame Birame Diouf4, Robert Perry5, Oumar Gaye6, Ousmane Faye3, Penelope Vounatsou1,2* 1 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, 2 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 3 Faculte´ des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD Dakar, Se´ne´gal, 4 National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Se´ne´gal, 5 Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 6 Faculte´ de Me´decine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, UCAD Dakar, Se´ne´gal Abstract The Research Center for Human Development in Dakar (CRDH) with the technical assistance of ICF Macro and the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) conducted in 2008/2009 the Senegal Malaria Indicator Survey (SMIS), the first nationally representative household survey collecting parasitological data and malaria-related indicators. In this paper, we present spatially explicit parasitaemia risk estimates and number of infected children below 5 years. Geostatistical Zero-Inflated Binomial models (ZIB) were developed to take into account the large number of zero-prevalence survey locations (70%) in the data. Bayesian variable selection methods were incorporated within a geostatistical framework in order to choose the best set of environmental and climatic covariates associated with the parasitaemia risk. Model validation confirmed that the ZIB model had a better predictive ability than the standard Binomial analogue. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were used for inference. Several insecticide treated nets (ITN) coverage indicators were calculated to assess the effectiveness of interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Senegal Mapping the Poor in Senegal : Technical Report
    REPUBLIQUE DU SENEGAL MINISTERE DE L’ECONOMIE, DES FINANCES ET DU PLAN AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA STATISTIQUE ET DE LA DEMOGRAPHIE (A.N.S.D.) SENEGAL MAPPING THE POOR IN SENEGAL : TECHNICAL REPORT 2016 MAPPING THE POOR IN SENEGAL: TECHNICAL REPORT DRAFT VERSION 1. Introduction Senegal has been successful on many fronts such as social stability and democratic development; its record of economic growth and poverty reduction however has been one of mixed results. The recently completed poverty assessment in Senegal (World Bank, 2015b) shows that national poverty rates fell by 6.9 percentage points between 2001/02 and 2005/06, but subsequent progress diminished to a mere 1.6 percentage point decline between 2005/06 and 2011, from 55.2 percent in 2001 to 48.3 percent in 2005/06 to 46.7 percent in 2011. In addition, large regional disparities across the regions within Senegal exist with poverty rates decreasing from North to South (with the notable exception of Dakar). The spatial pattern of poverty in Senegal can be explained by factors such as the lack of market access and connectivity in the more isolated regions to the East and South. Inequality remains at a moderately low level on a national basis but about two-thirds of overall inequality in Senegal is due to within-region inequality and between-region inequality as a share of total inequality has been on the rise during the 2000s. As a Sahelian country, Senegal faces a critical constraint, inadequate and unreliable rainfall, which limits the opportunities in the rural economy where the majority of the population still lives to differing extents across the regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation Du Sénégal Région Par Région LA REGION DE DAKAR
    Présentation du Sénégal Région par Région Sommaire Dakar page 1 Saint-Louis page 5 Thiès page 7 Ziguinchor page 9 Liens utiles page 10 LA REGION DE DAKAR Source : www.au-senegal.com DEMOGRAPHIE La population de la région de Dakar est estimée en 2008 à 2 482 294 habitants dont 50,1% de sexe masculin contre 49,9% de sexe féminin. Elle représente près du quart (21%) de la population totale du pays, estimée à 11 841 123 habitantes. Ce qui fait de la région de Dakar, la plus peuplée du pays. Sa macrocéphale est certainement est due au fait qu’elle est de loin la région la mieux dotée en infrastructures économiques, sociales et culturelles, faisant d’elle une terre privilégiée pour l’exode rural et, du fait de sa situation géographique, une région de transit pour l’émigration internationale. SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE La région de Dakar est située dans la presqu’île du Cap Vert et s’étend sur une superficie de 550 km², soit 0,28 % du territoire national. Elle est comprise entre les 17° 10 et 17° 32 de longitude Ouest et les 14° 53 et 14° 35 de latitude Nord. Elle est limitée à l’Est par la région de Thiès et par l’Océan Atlantique dans ses parties Nord, Ouest et Sud. ENVIRONNEMENT INTERNATIONAL La région de Dakar occupe une position de carrefour qui en fait un passage obligé pour tous les moyens de transport faisant la liaison entre l’Europe et les Amériques. De même, elle constitue l’un des sites de la côte ouest africaine les plus rapprochés de l’Amérique tropicale.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Solid Waste, a Challenge of Urban Sanitation: Case of Ngor Municipality (Dakar, Senegal)
    American Journal of Remote Sensing 2021; 9(1): 47-54 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajrs doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20210901.16 ISSN: 2328-5788 (Print); ISSN: 2328-580X (Online) Household Solid Waste, a Challenge of Urban Sanitation: Case of Ngor Municipality (Dakar, Senegal) Ramatoulaye Mbengue Ndiaye 1, 3, Bouna Ndiaye 4, Vieux Boukhaly Traore 2, 3, Amadou Tahirou Diaw 1, 3 1Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal 2Hydraulics Laboratory and Fluid Mechanics, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal 3Polytechnic High School’s Geoinformation Laboratory, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal 4Polytechnic High School’s Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal Email address: To cite this article: Ramatoulaye Mbengue Ndiaye, Bouna Ndiaye, Vieux Boukhaly Traore, Amadou Tahirou Diaw. Household Solid Waste, a Challenge of Urban Sanitation: Case of Ngor Municipality (Dakar, Senegal). American Journal of Remote Sensing. Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021, pp. 47-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20210901.16 Received : November 15, 2019; Accepted : December 17, 2019; Published : April 26, 2021 Abstract: This study aims to understand factors that are causing the malfunction of the garbage collection system in the municipality of Ngor. To achieve this goal, we have adopted a methodological approach that focuses essentially on three components: (i) the investigation of 1/4 of Ngor's concessions through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation for collect socio-economic data; (ii) GPS surveys and mapping of the study area using GIS techniques and tools based on satellite images; (iii) analysis of collected information based on descriptive statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Project for Urban Master Plan of Dakar and Neighboring Area for 2035 Final Report Volume. I
    No. Ministry of Urban Renewal, Japan International Cooperation Housing and Living Environment Agency (JICA) Republic of Senegal Project for Urban Master Plan of Dakar and Neighboring Area for 2035 Final Report Volume. I January 2016 Implemented by: RECS International Inc. Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. PACET Corp. CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd. ＥＩ ＪＲ １６－００２ Ministry of Urban Renewal, Japan International Cooperation Housing and Living Environment Agency (JICA) Republic of Senegal Project for Urban Master Plan of Dakar and Neighboring Area for 2035 Final Report Volume. I January 2016 Implemented by: RECS International Inc. Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. PACET Corp. CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd. Currency Equivalents (average Interbank rates between May and July, 2015) US$1.00= FCFA 594.04 €1.00= FCFA 659.95 Source: Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO) Rate Project for Urban Master Plan of Dakar and Neighboring Area for 2035 Final Report: Volume. I Table of Contents Volume. I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.3 Study Area ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, by the Relevant Control Authorities
    JUNE 2012 VOL 23 NO 5 AFRICA www.cvja.co.za CardioVascular Journal of Africa (official journal for PASCAR) • Global target on non-communicable diseases • Obesity and blood pressure level of adolescents in Abeokuta • Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension • Cardiovascular risk in black Africans • Robotically controlled ablation for atrial fibrillation • Cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa • Effusive constrictive pericarditis • Heart failure guidelines • The role of aspirin in cardiovascular disease PUBLISHED ONLINE: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa . Vol 23, No 5, June 2012 Africa . Vol Cardiovascular Journal of • The dangerous fifth chamber • Rocking mitral annuloplasty ring Printed by Durbanville Commercial Printers Tel: 021 946 4074 Tel: Printed by Durbanville Commercial Printers Today’s Prevention. Tomorrow’s Protection. Reduce your risk of stroke and heart attack with Bayer Aspirin Cardio® 100 Why take Bayer Aspirin Cardio® 100? Aspirin, an antiplatelet agent, which slows the clotting process, is widely used among patients with cardiovascular disease, which includes heart attacks, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. 1, 2, 5, 6 During a heart attack, blood clots form in an already-narrowed artery and block the fl ow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle or to parts of the brain, in the case of a stroke. 7 Studies have shown that aspirin reduced the number of strokes by 20 % and heart attacks by 30 %. It has been determined that for every 67 patients treated to protect against heart attacks and stroke, one life could be saved with low-dose aspirin therapy. 6 Doctors use different guidelines to decide who should take daily aspirin.
    [Show full text]