NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018 expiration date 03/31/2022

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions.

1. Name of Property Historic name: _Camp Black Lake______Other names/site number: _Ocqueoc Outdoor Center______Name of related multiple property listing: ___N/A______(Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ______2. Location Street & number: __7142 Ocqueoc Lake Road______City or town: __Ocqueoc Township___ State: ___MI__ County: _ Presque Isle______Not For Publication: Vicinity: ______3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this _X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___national _X_ statewide ___local Applicable National Register Criteria: _X_ A ___B ___C ___D

DRAFT Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.

Signature of commenting official: Date

Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

______4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) ______

______Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ______5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private:

Public – Local X

Public – State DRAFT X

Public – Federal

Category of Property (Check only one box.)

Building(s)

District X

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

Site

Structure

Object

Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing _____ 8______2______buildings

_____0______0______sites

_____0______0______structures

_____0______0______objects

_____8______2______Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _____N/A______6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) DOMESTIC/camp______DRAFT ______

Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) RECREATION AND CULTURE/outdoor recreation ______

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

______7. Description

Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) Other: CCC Camp______

Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: Asphalt, wood, cement shingle_____

Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) ______Summary Paragraph

Camp Black Lake is one of two extant Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps in , and the only remaining veterans’ camp. The seventeen-acre, military-style campus was operated continuously by the CCC between 1933 and 1941 and remains largely intact within its original rural forested lakeside setting,DRAFT although some of the original buildings have been lost. The original tarpaper and batten siding on the buildings has been replaced with cement shingle siding, somewhat detracting from the integrity of materials and workmanship. However, the eight original buildings still retain integrity of location, design, setting, feeling, and association. Two barracks, a wash house, mess hall, administrative headquarters, hospital, garage and oil storage building have been retained. Two non-contributing buildings, a frame and a log classroom, are similar to the original buildings in scale. Their placement, at a distance from the primary building axis, does not detract from the overall historic setting. The property is currently owned and operated by Presque Isle County as a camp for youth and adult groups, outdoor education, special events, and as a public park. The site is surrounded by state forest property on three sides, protecting it from infringement by development.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State ______Narrative Description

Camp Black Lake is located on a seventeen-acre, county-owned parcel within the (formerly the Black Lake State Forest). The property includes ten major buildings; eight of them are original structures built for and occupied by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) from 1933 to 1941. The site still displays a military-style plan, with primary buildings laid out on a north/south axis. The United States Army constructed and maintained the camp, and army headquarters are situated at the top of the axis. The next building southward is the camp mess hall. Barracks were originally arranged in three pairs south of the mess hall, one on either side of a central north/south walkway. Three original barracks remain along the walkway, one now used as a washhouse and game room. Three barracks are missing but their placements can be seen in a 1937 site plan.

All buildings on the main axis are modular in form, built as temporary structures to be erected quickly by inexperienced workers. The barracks buildings are simple, twenty-by-one-hundred- foot rectangles with gabled roofs oriented east/west, perpendicular to the main walkway. The mess hall’s main module is oriented north/south, serving as a large camp dining hall, with an east/west oriented wing added off the central dining area for cooking and meal preparation. The army headquarters building just north of the mess hall forms a reverse “L,” with the east/west bottom module originally used for office space and the north/south wing used for supervisory staff living area. The barracks, washhouse, mess hall and headquarters modules were all built with wood framing members and sheathing, tarpaper and wood batten siding and rolled asphalt roofing. The tarpaper and batten siding was subsequently replaced (after the period of significance) by cement shingle siding, and the rolled roofing replaced by a corrugated asphalt roofing product. The interiors of these structures are largely unmodified and the majority of the windows are original. The barracks originally were heated with barrel stoves, removed when the camp changed to summer-only operation as a youth outdoor education center.

Three extant camp buildings are located outside the primary site axis and are of different forms and materials. The original camp hospital is a small residential structure located overlooking Ocqueoc Lake, with a sunroom oriented toward the lake. The interior of this building has been modified significantly to serveDRAFT as a groundskeeper residence, but the footprint and building form are largely original. A masonry oil storage building, largely unmodified, and a wood garage are located along the entry drive. The garage building features two pairs of large hand-made wood batten doors with diagonal bracing that have recently been restored and are now functional. The original blacksmith shop was located northwest of the entry drive, at a safe distance from the central campus, but that structure has been lost.

As mentioned above, ten buildings remain on the grounds of Camp Black Lake. Eight of these buildings were determined to be contributing because they were constructed for the purpose of housing CCC activities, were present on the site during the Period of Significance (1933-1941) and retain sufficient historic integrity to communicate important information about the period. Contributing buildings are described in more detail below, and include the following: Army Headquarters, Mess Hall, Barrack No. 6, Barrack No. 5, Barrack No. 2 (Forestry Barrack),

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State Hospital, Garage, and Oil House. Two additional extant buildings were determined not to be contributing because they were constructed for the purpose of housing post-World War II youth camp activities, were not present during the Period of Significance, and therefore do not communicate information about CCC activities. Non-contributing buildings include a 1975 wood frame classroom building and a 1998 log classroom building. Several other minor resources are present on site were excluded from the inventory because they do not contribute to the property’s historic significance. Minor resources include a small shed and pump house, neither of which is shown on the CCC Camp Black Lake site plan dated 1937, and a number of post-World War II additions for outdoor center purposes, including a contemporary group fire pit with bleacher seating, a small platform and canopy used for outdoor wedding ceremonies and events, shooting stands for firearms and archery, a latrine used by local fishermen and seasonal docks for canoes and fishing boats.

INVENTORY

Army Headquarters (Staff Headquarters); 1933, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building The Army Headquarters building is a modular wood frame structure with two rectangular wings set at a ninety-degree angle to form a reverse “L”. The front (south) wing holds offices and group space; the rear (north) wing has sleeping quarters. The roof is an intersecting gable form. On the south office façade, facing the camp quadrangle, there are two entrances, the east entrance with a concrete handicap ramp added after the CCC period, and a west entrance with three steps up to a small entry platform covered by a gable-form hood supported by wood brackets. Three sets of four over four windows flank the entries; two triple sets on the far ends, and one double set at the center of the office wing. The rear wing, housing sleeping quarters, has single four over four windows on the east and west facades, one for each room located off a narrow, double-loaded corridor. On the exterior, the original tar paper and batten siding was removed during the 1950s and replaced by cement shingle siding.

Mess Hall (Dining Hall and Kitchen); 1933, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building The Mess Hall is a modular wood frame building with two rectangular wings set at a ninety- degree angle to form a “T.” TheDRAFT front (west) wing facing the camp quadrangle holds the dining hall, while the stem (east) wing holds kitchen and food storage area. The roof is an intersecting gable form. The main entrance, in the center of the dining wing, is covered with a gabled portico supported by stone columns added after the CCC period. While the entry is in the original location, the door itself is not original, it is a modern steel door with non-historic side lights. Secondary entries to the mess hall are located at the north and south end of the dining wing, each covered by a gable-form hood supported by wood brackets. The north entry faces the quadrangle, while the south entry comes into the gable end via a concrete handicap ramp added after the CCC period. A fourth entry to the building is located in the kitchen wing on the south façade. The dining hall wing features a series of large, six-paned hopper windows mounted just below the eaves on both east and west facades that flood the dining area with light. In the kitchen wing, these windows are mounted in pairs over the sinks and work areas. It is important to note that the historic interior space and use of both dining hall and kitchen have been maintained. In the long

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State open dining hall, double rows of group dining tables are arranged much as they were during the CCC period. The large service window between the kitchen and dining hall is identical to the historic arrangement. On the exterior, the original tar paper and batten siding was removed during the 1950s and replaced with cement shingle siding.

Barrack No. 6 (West Dorm, White Pine Lodge); 1933, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building Barrack No. 6 is a modular, twenty-foot by one-hundred-foot rectangular wood frame building with end-gable roof. The building has three entrances, one each on the gable ends (east and west facades), and a third at the building’s center point on the north facade, facing the camp quadrangle. The central entry is approached with a concrete ramp added after the CCC period. Each entrance is covered by a small gable-form hood with wood bracket supports. A series of twelve wood-framed, six-paned windows are equally spaced just below the eaves along the north and south facades; six on each side of the central entry on the north façade, and thirteen on the south façade, with the center window taking the place of an entry. All windows are set high for privacy. The original windows, most of which have been retained, slide open on U-shaped wood channels installed above and below the opening. Below each window is a small shelf and clothes rack for hanging personal items. Two long and open interior spaces located on each side of the central entry house two rows of beds along either side of a central passageway. The historic barrack use and configuration has been preserved by adaptive reuse of the building as a youth group bunkhouse. About 1950 the original tar paper and batten siding was removed and replaced by cement shingle siding and the rolled roofing replaced by a corrugated asphalt product.

Barrack No. 5 (East Dorm, Old Oak Lodge); 1933, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building Barrack No. 5 is the mirror image of Barrack No. 6 described above, except that the north façade faces the mess hall rather than the camp quadrangle. The exterior form and materials as well as the interior use and configuration of space is identical to Barrack 6, except that the post-CCC period handicap ramp runs parallel to the north façade instead of being set perpendicular to the building face, as in Barrack 6. The gable end entrances of Barrack 5 and 6 face each other across the central walkway that runs in a north/south orientation from the Army Headquarters building, past the Mess Hall and Barracks 5 and 6, down to Barrack No. 2 at the bottom of the hill. DRAFT Barrack No. 2 (Forestry Barrack, Bath House and Game Room); 1933, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building Like Barrack No. 5 and No. 6, barrack No. 2 is a modular, 20 foot by 100 foot rectangular wood frame building with end-gable roof. However, the interior spaces and use are different, leading to different entrance and window placement. Historically, the west half of the barrack was used as sleeping quarters, with the east half housing bathroom facilities and utility space. Reflecting these uses, the north façade has four entrances, the easternmost entering the bath house, the westernmost entering the sleeping quarters (now used as a game room) and the two entrances near the building center providing utility room access. The rear, south façade features the same series of twelve six-paned slider windows found in Barracks No. 5 and 6, broken only by a rear access door into the bathroom space. A sixth entrance door is located in the western gable end, providing additional access into the game room (former sleeping area). All six entries are

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State covered by gable-form hoods supported by wood brackets, and all but one have a set of three concrete steps up to the doorway. The exception is the westernmost entry on the north façade, which has a concrete handicap ramp added after the CCC period. As with the other barrack buildings, mess hall and army headquarters, about 1950 the original tar paper and batten siding was removed and replaced by cement shingle siding, and rolled roofing was replaced by a corrugated asphalt product, creating uniform exterior materials on all the central camp buildings.

Hospital (Residence); circa 1934-1937; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building The hospital is a wood frame, gable-roof cottage located west of the barracks complex, overlooking Ocqueoc Lake. The main building is twenty feet wide and forty feet long, with a twelve-foot-square sun porch attached to the western end of the south facade. The front cottage entrance is on the east gable end, and the rear entrance on the west gable end, each flanked by two one over one windows. Each entrance is covered by a gable-form hood supported by wood brackets. The north façade, facing the camp entry drive, has four one over one windows to bring light into interior rooms. In contrast, the sun porch on the south facade has glass on three sides, with views to the lake provided by two pairs of casement windows on each side, with eight window panes in each casement. The sun room was intended to help patients at the camp recuperate by providing fresh air, sunshine and natural beauty. The exterior form of the hospital building appears to be original but the interior has been extensively modified subsequent to the CCC period, for use as a caretaker residence.

Garage and Shop; circa 1934-1937, circa 1950; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building The camp garage is a side gable wood frame building with a rear (west) shed addition for workshop space. The east elevation features four double door openings for vehicle access. The two northern openings still house the original sets of hand-built, side hinged wood batten doors, with six-paned windows on the top half of each door panel and diagonal wood bracing on the bottom half. These doors were repaired in kind and restored to function in 2019. In the two southernmost garage openings, the batten doors have been replaced by solid wood overhead doors that historic photos indicate may have been salvaged from the CCC camp’s former Army garage prior to its demolition. A series of six six-paned windows across the west façade of the shed addition bring light into the workshop area, and a pair of these windows is located in each of the building’s gable ends onDRAFT the north and south facades. The south façade also hold a person- door entryway into the shed addition workshop space, with a gable form hood over the entry, supported by wood brackets. About 1950 the original rolled roofing on the garage was replaced by asphalt shingles, and exterior cement shingle siding was applied. In 2019 the failing roof structure of the shed addition was repaired in kind and the asphalt shingles on the entire garage were replaced with corrugated metal roofing. At this time, glass in the garage windows was replaced with Plexiglas for safety and security purposes.

Oil House (Bow Barn); circa 1934-1937; United States Army; 1 Contributing Building The oil house is the best preserved and least modified CCC-period building at Camp Black Lake. It is constructed of rusticated masonry blocks and has a front-facing gable roof with exposed rafter tails. An overhanging gable-roofed portico extends from the east façade, supported by wood columns resting on rusticated block pillars. Fire resistant materials were used because the

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State building housed flammable materials like oil, gas and solvents. The building’s location near the camp entryway and garage made a convenient spot for vehicle refueling and servicing, while the distance separating it from the camp’s primary residential and administrative structures enhanced safety. The overall dimensions of this structure are sixteen feet by twenty feet. The east façade, below the portico, holds a set of solid wood, side-hinged batten doors to access the interior. The gable end above this entrance is faced with vertical wood planks. The rear, west façade is solid rusticated masonry block, with a small masonry bump-out, seven blocks high, three blocks deep and five blocks wide, of unknown use. The bump-out has a shed roof extending from the main façade and is accessed by a metal hatch. The only windows in the oil house are two sets of two four-paned window; one set each in in the north and south façade. The building’s original rolled roofing was replaced after the CCC period with asphalt shingles. The original floor was, and still remains, a concrete slab. In recent years, the oil house has been used to store archery equipment for the Outdoor Center.

DNR Classroom; 1975; Michigan Department of Natural Resources; 1 Non-Contributing Building The classroom building constructed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources in 1975 is a wood frame, side gable, one-story structure with a central entryway flanked by one classroom space on each side and restrooms in the center. The building has plywood siding and an asphalt shingle roof. Overall dimensions of the building are twenty-four feet by forty-eight feet.

Shooting Sports Classroom (Log Classroom); 1998; Onaway High School LOGS Program; 1 Non-Contributing Building In 1988, the Michigan United Conservation Club (MUCC) was leasing Camp Black Lake for youth group camping and outdoor education. To provide space for instruction in archery and shooting sports, the MUCC collaborated with the Onaway High School LOGS program, arranging for the students to build a log classroom. The resulting structure is a front gable one and a half story log classroom with loft space and corrugated metal roofing. The building’s exterior dimensions are twenty feet by twenty feet. It is located along the pathway from the main campus to the shooting range, and is not visible from any of the extant CCC structures.

Landscape Features DRAFT Important landscape elements of the site include an open, grass covered field east of the mess hall and barracks, used for post-CCC period Outdoor Center sports, a quadrangle formed by the army headquarters on the north, the mess hall on the east and the barracks on the south and a beach with docks on Ocqueoc Lake. In the CCC era, the current sports field was crossed by an entry drive. That entry was subsequently closed to allow use of the field for athletics associated with the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center. The quadrangle is of CCC vintage. It currently includes a central flagpole (a feature of every CCC camp), an informal picnic area and a fire pit with bleacher seating. The picnic area, fire pit and bleacher seating were installed post-CCC period for use by Outdoor Center camping groups. The current flag pole location in the quadrangle is approximately 40 feet southwest of the original location shown on the 1937 site plan, and the pole itself is a replacement. The beach remains, but the metal docks are installed seasonally for fishing access purposes.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

Despite alterations in specific landscape elements, the overall landscape setting remains much as it was in the CCC era. Camp Black Lake is bordered on the west by Ocqueoc Lake and on the south by the Ocqueoc River, which receives the outflow from Ocqueoc Lake. Both river and lake hosted conservation projects carried out by CCC enrollees at the camp. Vistas over the lake were and are an important landscape feature of the camp, but the view has significantly changed over time. The vegetation and landscaping of the property is, in part, a design remnant of the CCC occupancy. When the camp was first built, the property was timber cutover lands, with stumps and brush but little mature woodlands. Enrollees added landscape plantings to the immediate campgrounds and replanted the surrounding state forest lands. However, a detailed comparison of the 1937 landscape plan for Camp Black Lake with current conditions on the campus shows that little of the planting design around the camp structures and walkways remain in place today. Foundation plantings of native species, including sweet fern, wild rose and witch hazel have given way to mowed lawns, particularly where buildings have been removed. While historic photos of the campus show that the recommended soft maple and poplar tree specimens were in fact installed, they are largely missing eight decades later; though a few of the recommended evergreen species, which tend to be longer lived, are still in place.

The most significant historic circulation element remaining on the site is the major building axis leading southward from the Army Headquarters, past the Mess Hall and down the hill to the barracks. A sidewalk now traverses this path, but it is not clear that a concrete sidewalk was present during the period of significance. In several cases, walkways between buildings were altered when buildings were removed. Other historic camp circulation patterns have been modified, post-War II, by the closure of one of the original entryways to the camp that led from Ocqueoc Lake Road near the river outlet, across the open field and directly to the Army Headquarters.

Assessment of Historic Integrity

Although the site and buildings constituting Camp Black Lake have undergone many changes since initial construction in 1933, what remains in the year 2021 retains sufficient integrity to convey the historic significance of the CCC era of Camp Black Lake. The property communicates the feelings andDRAFT associations connected to the New Deal CCC program, and the daily living conditions of CCC enrollees. In particular, the isolated rural location and natural setting adjacent to Ocqueoc Lake and the Ocqueoc River, surrounded by state forestlands, is still fully intact, but enhanced by the reforestation efforts of the camp enrollees themselves. The eight remaining original camp buildings all occupy their original locations, retain their original footprints, and many of the interrelationships between buildings and site remain intact.

The largest issue of integrity at Camp Black Lake involves the substantial loss of original camp structures. A 1937 landscape plan for the camp documents several Army support structures that have since been removed: a warehouse, garage, storage building, and gas house. In addition, a tool shed, equipment shed, and the camp blacksmith shop are now gone as well. These losses risk underestimating the industrial nature of many camp functions and projects. Furthermore, three of the original six barrack buildings are also missing. Despite these losses, the core cluster

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State of Army Headquarters, Mess Hall, and three extant barracks still convey the military organization of the camp and encompass the most important aspects of camp life. In addition to the core cluster, an extant hospital, garage, and oil house illustrate the additional support systems that were necessary to maintain life and work in a rural setting.

A second concern about historic integrity involves changes in building material and workmanship. When built, the original core camp buildings were anticipated to be temporary; simple structures put up in haste by unskilled labor, with nothing but tar paper and wood batten siding to keep out the weather. Continued use of the buildings over eight decades, and effects of the climate of , required the installation of sturdier roofing and siding materials. Those materials have changed the nature of the buildings to some extent. However, these resources still provide a sense of cohesion within the camp. Though the exterior materials of the core buildings were modified, the uniformity of design, materials, and workmanship among the core cluster structures was retained and continues to reflect both a military approach to camp construction and organization, while bolstering the aspects of feeling and association within the property and among the resources. Likewise, fenestration patterns of the individual historic resources remain intact, and the relationship of the extent resources to one another as well as the larger camp remain unchanged. A CCC enrollee would experience the camp in much the same manner as in the 1930s, albeit with more permanent materials.

The property also retains historic integrity by minimizing modern, non-contributing additions. The two added, non-contributing structures are situated at unobtrusive locations, and the buildings are of a compatible scale and function, which avoids disruption to the setting of the historic camp.

DRAFT

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

______8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.)

X A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.

D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)

A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes

B. Removed from its original location

C. A birthplace orDRAFT grave

D. A cemetery

E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure

F. A commemorative property

G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) _Conservation______Social History______

Period of Significance _1933-1941______

Significant Dates _N/A______

Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) _N/A______

Cultural Affiliation _N/A______DRAFT ______

Architect/Builder _United States Army______

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.)

Camp Black Lake is of statewide significance because it is one of only two surviving CCC camps in Michigan (out of the 122 different camp locations shown on the camp map in Michigan’s CCC museum), and the only surviving veterans’ camp. It was built at the start of the first CCC enrollment period in July 1933, and was continuously occupied until October 1941. These occupancy dates support the period of significance of 1933 to 1941. The site retains eight original buildings that continue to reflect the site’s military forms and arrangements, as well as the patterns of daily camp activity. The state forest setting and proximity to Ocqueoc Lake and Ocqueoc River, help tell the story of conservation work conducted at this camp and by the CCC program across the state; an important chapter in the Michigan’s conservation history. In addition, Camp Black Lake played an important role in the history of development, housing enrollees who constructed significant buildings and infrastructure at and P.H. , including properties now listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The property is also significant as a veterans’ camp. This site illustrates a little-known facet of the CCC program, that of assisting jobless veterans of the Great War (WW I) to regain dignity and the ability to support themselves and their families.

Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.)

Camp Black Lake (77-S) was constructed in July 1933, as part of the Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) program. The ECW was created by presidential Executive Order 6101 of April 5, 1933, through authority provided by a March 31, 1933, act of Congress. The aim of the program was to address widespread unemployment during the Great Depression through the restoration and rehabilitation of federal and state forest and park lands and through various public works projects, “as the President may determine to be desirable.” The ECW was re-named the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) by an act of Congress on June 28, 1937.

Although national economic problems had developed during the 1920s, the start of the Great Depression in the United States is generally regarded as the stock market crash on October 29, 1929. Soon thereafter, panic withdrawals and the lack of adequate capitalization caused rampant bank failures, with millions of depositors losing their life savings. Lack of cash and credit caused consumer demand for both agricultural and consumer goodsDRAFT to crash as well, leading to widespread business failures that in turn caused extensive unemployment. With over twenty-five percent of the labor force unemployed, eleven million individuals were without any work at all, and many more were under-employed, or saw their wages slashed. Thirty million households in the United States were suddenly without household income. Those affected were not just the poor, but substantial portions of the former middle class who had not previously experience economic insecurity. Herbert Hoover, who was then president, initially regarded the Depression as just one more example of the business cycle. Believing that the economy would eventually correct itself through market forces, with little or no governmental intervention, Hoover seemed to ignore the widespread human suffering through his inaction.

When Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran against Hoover in the 1932 presidential election, his campaign promise was to give the American worker a “New Deal,” by providing financial and banking reforms, agricultural price supports, public works programs to supply employment and worker protections like wage and workplace rules. He also proposed to address natural resource issues like the draught-ridden Section 8 page 14

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State Dust Bowl farms out west and persistent fire problems in the northern forest cut-over region, by instituting soil conservation and reforestation programs. Roosevelt won the 1932 election by a landslide.

The first one hundred days of Roosevelt’s term are still studied as a model of rapid-fire public sector innovation. One of the first programs rolled out in 1933 was the agency that became the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). Its original title was “Emergency Conservation Work” (ECW). The ECW program was established by Executive Order on April 5, 1933, just one month after FDR’s March 4 inauguration. By July, more than 1,400 ECW camps were up and running across the country, employing over 300,000 men. Great speed was possible because the ECW involved the military in set-up. The Army designed and ran the camps, initially using surplus military tents, equipment and uniforms. Each camp was intended to house two hundred men, and provided with food, shelter, tools, and work projects. Enrollees were paid thirty dollars per month. They kept five dollars for personal use and sent twenty- five dollars home to their families.

Although the federal government provided funding for the ECW/CCC program, and staffed the camps with Army personnel, the work projects carried out by camp enrollees at state forest and state park sites were selected and overseen by state officials, using local needs and priorities as a basis for identifying projects. The majority of camps in Michigan were located on state forest sites (indicated on site rosters by an “S”) or on national forest sites (indicated by “F”), with a few camps located within designated state parks (“SP”). In western areas of the nation, where national parks had been established prior to the Depression, a number of EWC/CCC camps were located on national park sites as well (“NP”). Establishing camps on public conservation and recreation sites allowed the enrollees to be located close to their state and nationally designated conservation work sites. The roster designation for Camp Black Lake was 77-S, indicating a state forest location.

Today, the CCC is generally associated with training young men, but Camp Black Lake housed unemployed, middle-aged veterans of the Spanish American War and Great War (WWI). Although unemployed youth between the ages of 18 and 25 were the program’s first and primary target under initial legislation passed by the Roosevelt administration in March 1933, political events caused expansion of enrollment eligibility standards before the first camp opened in July. Veterans of the Great War were disproportionately affected by unemployment during the Great Depression and actively sought government assistance. Veterans who joined mass demonstrations in Washington, D.C. in 1932, during President Hoover’s administration, were dubbed the “Bonus Army,” because they demanded early payment of a promised war DRAFTservice bonus. Three thousand veterans protested again during May 1933, prompting President Roosevelt to authorize ECW camps for veterans under an executive order issued May 11, 1933. Over 2,600 veterans signed up for ECW in 1933, including those who were assigned to Camp Black Lake, and over 225,000 served during the nine-year life of the EWC/CCC. Veterans served in separate “Vet Camps,” while young men were assigned to “Junior Camps.” Although racially mixed camps were attempted early in the program, separate segregated camps were eventually established for Black Americans, and Native Americans also served in ethnically segregated camps.

Decades before the federal ECW/CCC programs were established, the State of Michigan had begun conservation and reforestation work in state forest and park lands. Michigan forest lands had been ravaged by rapacious and irresponsible logging practices. By the mid-1800s, prime timber resources in the New England region had been seriously depleted. Lumbering companies from the east coast then began to look at the upper Great Lakes states, where the rivers and Great Lakes made transportation of logs and lumber to eastern markets feasible. While timber from Michigan’s west coast communities Section 8 page 15

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State could be easily transported by water to Chicago, completion of the Erie Canal (1825) provided a convenient water route for forest products from communities on to reach the New York market, well before eastbound rail routes were available. In fact, many of the capital investments in Northeast Michigan timber operations came from New York banks and many of the industry’s technological innovations initially came from New York lumber manufacturing companies.

Increasing demand, immense profit potential, and completion of a rail network to access inland properties led to even more rapid and rapacious harvesting of Michigan forests, including those in Presque Isle County. But once the trees were gone, the land itself was of little use to investors. Climate and soil conditions made Northern Michigan a difficult place to farm, though many tried and failed. Timber cutover lands, with flammable slash left where it fell, were famously prone to conflagration. Devastating forest fires and wildfires destroyed farm communities again and again over decades during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, repeatedly taking lives across the region, with Presque Isle County’s 1908 Metz fire one notorious local example. But out of the wreckage of indiscriminate logging, a conservation movement began to take shape both nationally and in Michigan.

The Michigan State Park Commission created by state legislation in 1919. Ironically, the Commission acquired several parkland donations from lumber barons themselves. In Presque Isle County, such donations came in the early 1920s from Frank W. Fletcher to establish Fletcher State Park in Posen Township (now Sunken Lake County Park) and from Paul H. Hoeft to establish P.H. Hoeft State Park in Rogers Township. Onaway State Park in North Allis Township came to the state by a different route; a land donation from Presque Isle County, including property on Black Lake that had previously been used as a park by the City of Onaway. By the mid-1920s, Presque Isle County was the only county in Michigan that could boast of having three state parks within its boundaries, though the development of facilities within these parks was minimal in the first decade, and stopped abruptly when the Great Depression hit.

Meanwhile, other state commissions were working on the challenge of reforesting Michigan’s timber cutover lands. Widespread wildfires sweeping across the state’s cutover regions during the 1870s and 1880s helped pass the law establishing a state forestry commission in 1887, only to have it repealed five years later, in 1892. Interested proponents eventually revived the idea, propelling legislation in 1899 to re-establish the state forestry commission. The legislation also directed the state to withdraw 200,000 acres of land from public sale, to establish for the first time state lands dedicated to public forestry. The idea was to create a long-term sustainableDRAFT forest resource for the state’s future needs. To this end, the Forestry Commission began efforts to control forest fires, and conduct research into reforestation practices. A state-run forest nursery was set up in 1903 near Higgins Lake; one of the first of its kind in the nation, beginning the program of reforestation in Michigan.

Michigan’s state forest holdings continued to grow through the process of tax reversion. When a land owner could no longer afford to pay property taxes (as often happened with farm failures), or chose not to (as often happened after a parcel was logged), the land reverted to state ownership. It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of Michigan state forest land came to the state from tax reversion. Before the Great Depression struck the nation in 1929, Michigan had already designated more than one-and-a-half million acres in the northern Lower Peninsula as state forestlands, with another half-million acres designated in the Upper Peninsula. The Presque Isle State Forest, created in 1915, included 153,640 acres in Montmorency and southwest Presque Isle Counties. The Black Lake State Forest created in

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State 1928, encompassed 137,600 acres around Black Lake and the Ocqueoc River watershed in Presque Isle County. Both these holdings are included in what is now called the Mackinaw State Forest.

At the onset of the Depression, then, all the necessary elements were in place to make Presque Isle County an ideal locale for implementing New Deal conservation programs, particularly those carried out by the ECW/CCC. The state had the bureaucratic infrastructure in place to plan state park projects via the Michigan State Parks Commission, and to recommend reforestation work, through the State Forestry Commission. Presque Isle County had three state park sites in need of development, along with vast state forest holdings of timber cutover lands in need of reforestation. Therefore, when federal funding and manpower became available through New Deal agencies, state administrators were ready to include Presque Isle County in the initial work programs.

Beginning in May 1933, when the first ECW/CCC in Michigan was initiated, by July 1933 forty-two camps had been established on forestry sites throughout the Northern Lower and Upper Peninsulas of Michigan. Most were placed on existing state forest parcels designated by the state during the previous two decades, a few were put on state game refuge properties, and a few on private forestland.

By the end of 1936 there were seventy-five CCC camps in operation in Michigan, with twenty-two operating in state forests. The camps were initially focused on road building and tree planting, but, by 1936, had expanded to undertake all manner of conservation work. Operation of conservation camps was really a partnership between the state and federal government. Each camp involved the Department of Labor to enlist enrollees, the War Department to build camps, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of the Interior all working with the Michigan Departments of Forestry, Conservation and the Michigan ECW/CCC. Projects typically involved multiple state and federal departments and agencies.

After 1936, the number of camps was gradually reduced. By June 30, 1940, just twelve camps operated in the state. The men of the camps continued their work, but there was a commensurate decline in what was achieved. Within the next year the CCC would be disbanded as the needs for war production, soldiers, and sailors took precedence.

ECW/CCC IN PRESQUE ISLE COUNTY

Two camps were set up in July 1933 within Presque Isle County; one on Lake May, south of Hawks (Camp Hawks), and the other on OcqueocDRAFT Lake, within a portion of the Black Lake State Forest. This camp was called Camp Black Lake, after the forest title, not the lake on which it sat, a situation that continues to cause some confusion today. A third camp was set up just south of the Presque Isle county line, in Montmorency County, on Clear Lake. This site was part of the Presque Isle State Forest at the time, so it was called Camp Presque Isle, though it was located outside Presque Isle County. The state property at Clear Lake, now a state park, did not achieve park status until 1966, long after the CCC was gone.

Camp Hawks was short-lived. Initially established as a tent camp, no permanent buildings were constructed during its four-month life span. Before winter, enrollees at Camp Hawks were sent to other locations. After a brief period of tent life, both Camp Black Lake and Camp Presque Isle were winterized the first fall by construction of more permanent buildings, and both these camps were active year-round during nearly all of the CCC era, until disbanded in 1941.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State Camp Black Lake was located in Ocqueoc Township, in the rural northern section of Presque Isle County. Company 1667-V (the “V” indicates a veterans company) was established on June 18, 1933, and after a few weeks of training was the first company to occupy Camp Black Lake. That company stayed on at Camp Black Lake until the end of June 1936, when the company was disbanded with some of the continuing veteran enrollees transferred to other veteran camps in the region (Camps Bay City, Presque Isle and Pigeon River). On July 1, 1936, Camp Black Lake became a “Junior” camp, welcoming Company 3684, composed of young men, not veterans. A photo of Company 3684 is on display at the Michigan CCC Museum at North Higgins Lake State Park, with the caption mentioning veterans transferring out and young men moving into Camp Black Lake. The junior camp status was short-lived, however. On October 1, 1937, the junior company left and Camp Black Lake was once again converted to a veterans’ camp, and remained so until the camp closed in 1941. It is worth noting that not only did ECW/CCC companies move between camps, but enrollees within the companies were constantly coming and going. The standard term of enrollment was six months, renewable for a maximum of four enlistments, or a two-year term of enrollment, so company composition was in constant flux.

Both veteran and junior companies engaged in a wide variety of conservation work during the life of the ECW/CCC program. Given the conservation crisis found in the upper Great Lakes timber cutover lands, reforestation was regarded as a priority for the CCC in Michigan, and Camp Black Lake was no exception. However, during the first year of ECW/CCC operation in Michigan, reforestation could not get started because the state forest nursery at Higgins Lake simply could not satisfy the huge demand for tree seedlings. Unable to plant until 1934, enrollees were instead dispatched to undertake immediate capital improvements at state parks and forests. Crews from Camp Black Lake were sent to Hoeft and Onaway State Parks to work on roads, utilities and new buildings, while Camp Hawks began building a campground at Tomahawk Lake in the Presque Isle State Forest. After Camp Hawks closed, this work transferred to Camp Presque Isle.

Eventually, Black Lake enrollees were responsible for reforesting much of northeast lower Michigan, which had been denuded during the logging and lumbering boom. Enrollees also built fire towers, fought forest fires, built roads, bridges and airfields, strung telephone and electric wires, improved fish habitat and conducted lake surveys. But Camp Black Lake is perhaps most significant for creating the infrastructure, landscaping, campgrounds, trail systems and support buildings for nearby state parks and state forest campgrounds, many of which are still in active use. Although the Michigan state park system had been created during the 1920s, few facilities were built in the new parks before the Great Depression brought improvements to a halt. CampDRAFT Black Lake workers constructed the water and sanitary facilities, campgrounds, trails and buildings in Onaway and P.H. Hoeft State Parks, including the log and stone “Combination Building” (designed by architect Ralph B. Herrick) serving as picnic shelter, beach house and concession stand at Hoeft.1

The conservation work and recreation projects completed by enrollees at Camp Black Lake helped establish northern Michigan as an outdoor recreation and tourism mecca, and a center for sustainable forestry, fisheries and wildlife propagation. Over time, these achievements reversed the economic devastation of the region’s logging boom and bust economy. Today, the site remains remarkably intact, protected and still in active public use as a youth and adult outdoor recreation and education venue.

1 Both Onaway State Park (NR Ref. No. 09001066) and P. H. Hoeft State Park (NR Ref. No. 09001065) were listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 2009. Both properties are significant, in part, for their association with the CCC. Section 8 page 18

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State Thus, Camp Black Lake is well suited to communicating the CCC’s conservation legacy and making it available to future generations as a National Register historic site.

Camp Black Lake is also significant because it demonstrates direct results of the New Deal social programs initiated in response to the Great Depression. It remains a fine physical example of how one of the most popular government programs in United States history was implemented. The site is one of only two extant CCC camps in Michigan, a state that hosted 201 ECW/CCC companies operating from more than one hundred camp locations during the Depression era. The state’s other extant camp, Camp Gibbs (NR Ref. No. 93001408), is located in Iron County in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and was listed in the National Register in 1994. It retains a larger number of original building, but many are in poor condition. Further, the buildings are leased to outdoor clubs and are not readily available for public access by non-members. A third site, the Higgins Lake Nursery and CCC Museum, operated by the State of Michigan, is located in North Higgins Lake State Park, but the single barracks building located there is a reconstruction, and it is not located at an original CCC camp site. The barracks building at Higgins Lake does include a collection of original camp artifacts (bunks, barrel stoves, trunks) that help interpret the CCC era in Michigan.

But most importantly, Camp Black Lake is unique in Michigan as the only extant veterans’ CCC camp, out of eight veteran companies at seven different locations state-wide. The first contingent of two hundred veterans (from the area) came to the camp in July 1933, during the first CCC enrollment period. The camp was fully occupied by veterans’ companies until June 30, 1936. Camp Black Lake was operated briefly as a Junior Camp from July 1, 1936, until September 30, 1937, but beginning October 1, 1937, it was converted back to a veterans’ camp and operated as such until the camp was closed on August 15, 1941. Most of the construction of buildings and recreational facilities at Onaway and Hoeft state parks was carried out by veteran groups, including construction of the notable log and stone “Combination Building” (beach house and picnic pavilion) at Hoeft State Park. Veteran contingents also conducted reforestation, conservation and infrastructure construction projects throughout the immediate region, helping to transform and stabilize the economy of the cutover region while rebuilding their own lives and providing support for their families. Recognizing Camp Black Lake by listing in the National Register of Historic Places will provide an opportunity to tell the story of this significant but underappreciated group during the Great Depression.

The ECW/CCC program was not only intended to solve conservation problems, but to create jobs for the unemployed. But throughout the Depression,DRAFT economic fluctuations caused temporary job market improvements, when it became hard to recruit new enrollees. For example, when the veterans left Camp Black Lake in 1936, there simply weren’t enough vet enrollees to fill all the existing V-designated camps. Camps and companies continued to wax and wane with changes in the job market. Camp closures and company transfers were utilized to consolidate camps, which were simply not efficient to staff and run with fewer than the target of two hundred enrollees each. As the nation began preparations for what became World War II, the job market again improved. By August 1941, the Presque Isle County Advance reported that there were just 120 men left at Camp Black Lake. At that time, all of Michigan’s remaining CCC companies were consolidated into just eight camps statewide; four in the Upper Peninsula (Escanaba River, Cusino, Fox, and Paradise) and four in the northern Lower Peninsula (Camps Wolverine, Pigeon River, Higgins Lake, and Houghton Lake). The following year, the CCC program was discontinued altogether.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State

SUBSEQUENT HISTORY

After World War II, the principal buildings at Camp Black Lake were utilized for use youth outdoor recreation and education. The State of Michigan Conservation Commission, later reorganized as the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), retained ownership of both the surrounding state forest lands and the CCC buildings, but leased the site to Michigan State University Extension for 4-H camping groups, and later to the Michigan United Conservation Clubs (MUCC) for similar youth camp purposes. It is this adaptive re-use as the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center that kept the buildings standing. When MUCC terminated their lease in 2002, MDNR planned to demolish the structures. Strenuous objections to the demolition plans from residents and local government officials in Presque Isle County led to transfer of the buildings and grounds from the state to Presque Isle County in 2004. Today, the county continues to own and operate the site as a youth and adult outdoor education, recreation, and event venue.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State ______9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)

Archives of Michigan, “Circular 23, Index to Materials on Depression Era Agencies,” Michigan Historical Center, Lansing, MI.

Botti, William B. and Michael D. Moore, 2006, Michigan’s State Forests, a Century of Stewardship, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing MI.

“CCC Camps in Michigan,” https://www.ccclegacy.org/CCC_Camps_Michigan.html

Fox, Bruce, 1937, “Landscape Plan for Camp Black Lake,” Michigan State CCC, copy provided by Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI.

Heidemann, Mary Ann, 2009, Cultural Landscape Report for the Proposed New Deal Trail in Presque Isle County, unpublished master of science thesis project in historic preservation, Eastern Michigan University Department of Geography, Ypsilanti MI.

Michigan State Historic Preservation Office, 1998, Inventory of Historical Resources in Selected Michigan State Parks, Michigan Historical Center, Lansing MI.

Presque Isle County Advance newspaper articles, 1933-1941, Rogers City, MI.

Quit Claim Public Use Deed, 2004, transferring Ocqueoc Outdoor Center from Michigan Department of Natural Resources to Presque Isle County, Register of Deeds, Rogers City MI.

Speakman, Joseph, 2006, “Into the Woods, the First Year of the Civilian Conservation Corps,” Vol. 38, no. 3, Prologue Magazine, National Archives, Washington D.C.

Stillwell, Charles, 1940, ten black and white 8 x 10 photographs of Camp Black Lake, shot for Michigan State CCC, Lansing,DRAFT collection of Friends of the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center, digital copies filed at Presque Isle County Historical Museum, Rogers City Michigan.

______Previous documentation on file ( NPS):

____ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ____ previously listed in the National Register ____ previously determined eligible by the National Register ____ designated a National Historic Landmark ____ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #______recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ______

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State ____ recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ______

Primary location of additional data: ____ State Historic Preservation Office __X__ Other State agency (Archives of Michigan) ____ Federal agency ____ Local government ____ University ____ Other Name of repository: ______

Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): ______

______10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property ______17.15 acres_____

Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates

Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84:______(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. Latitude: 45.480556 Longitude: -84.110287

2. Latitude: 45.480556 DRAFT Longitude: -84.113889

3. Latitude: 45.481389 Longitude: -84.115278

4. Latitude: 45.483056 Longitude: -84.114722

Or UTM References Datum (indicated on USGS map):

NAD 1927 or NAD 1983

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State 1. Zone: Easting: Northing:

2. Zone: Easting: Northing:

3. Zone: Easting: Northing:

4. Zone: Easting : Northing:

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.)

The property is a 17.15-acre parcel located in the SE quarter of the SE quarter of Sec. 19, T36N, R3E, in Ocqueoc Township, Presque Isle County Michigan. It is bounded on the north and east by Ocqueoc Lake Road, on the south by the Ocqueoc River and on the west by Ocqueoc Lake and a state forest property line.

Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)

The boundaries encompass the entire parcel owned by Presque Isle County and include all property, buildings and outdoor activity spaces utilized historically for the operation of Camp Black Lake, and currently for the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center.

______11. Form Prepared By

name/title: Mary Ann Heidemann______organization: Friends of the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center______street & number: 7449 U.S. 23 North______city or town: Rogers City state: Michigan zip code: 49779 e-mail: [email protected] telephone: 989-351-9700____ date: April 22, 2020______DRAFT

______

Additional Documentation

Submit the following items with the completed form:

• Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Camp Black Lake Presque Isle County, MI Name of Property County and State • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map.

• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)

Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.

Photo Log

Name of Property: Camp Black Lake City or Vicinity: Ocqueoc Township County: Presque Isle County State: Michigan Photographer: Mary Ann Heidemann Date Photographed: April 2020

Contributing Resources: 01. Army Headquarters (SE façade) 02. Mess Hall (W façade) and Barracks, looking E from flagpole 03. Mess Hall, kitchen area interior 04. Mess Hall, dining area interior 05. Mess Hall entry (W façade) looking S to Barracks 06. Barracks, looking N to Army Headquarters 07. Barracks interior 08. Washhouse (S DRAFTfaçade) 09. Hospital (E façade) 10. Hospital sun room with view overlooking Ocqueoc Lake 11. Garage (S and E facades) 12. Oil Storage Building (E façade)

Non-Contributing Resources: 13. Frame Classroom (S façade) 14. Log Classroom (S and E facades)

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Site Plan For the Ocqueoc Outdoor Center in Presque Isle County, Michigan. Location for Garage Building Restoration and Reuse Project is shown just south of the site entrance. Note: original camp buildings names shown.

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