Special Libraries, September 1972

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Special Libraries, 1972 Special Libraries, 1970s

9-1-1972

Special Libraries Association

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I September 1972, vol. 63, no. 9

0 Diagramming Musical EDP

Consider the Z Cardiovascular Research The contents of the July 1972, Volume 6, No. 4, issue of this journal are set out below Regulation of cardiac output after administration of isoproterenol and ouabain: interac- tions of systolic impedance and contractility: A. James Liedtke, John F. Buoncristiani, Edward S. Kirk, Edmund H. Sonnenblick, and W. Urschel Glucagon in the treatment of ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias in dogs: K. Prasad and H. H. Desousa Adenyl cyclase activity in the perfused rat heart made to fail by substrate-lack: N. S. Dhalla, P. V. Sulakhe, R. L. Khandelwal, and R. E. Olson Contraction without depolarization in the in vivo heart: J. Kedem, R. Yarom, Y. Mahler, and S. Rogel Coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism in acute experimental anaemia: John F. Murray and Elliot Rapaport Role of the premature action potential in contractile potentiation: a study of paired stimulation: R. E. Edmands, K. Greenspan, and J. C. Bailey Left ventricular akinesis: experimental production, haemodynamic effects, and results of excision: Peer C. Pairolero, Ben D. McCallister, Franz J. Hallermann, Jack L. Titus, and F. Henry Ellis, Jr. Relationship between arterial pressure and the permeability of arterioles to carbon particles in acute hypertension in the rat: F. S. Goldby and L. J. Beilin Measurement of the effects of limb exercise on femoral arterial and venous flow during surgery: S. Sabri, V. C. Roberts, and L. T. Cotton Systemic haemodynamics in borderline arterial hypertension: responses to static exercise before and under the influence of propranolol: Rune Sannerstedt and Stevo Julius Left ventricular response to experimentally induced chronic aortic regurgitation: Roger R. Taylor and Barry E. Hopkins Pulmonary vascular pressure response as a function of blood flow: Leonard M. Linde, Stanley J. Goldberg, Kazuo Momma, Shoichi Awa, and Victor E. Hall Instruments and Techniques Oxygen method for calculation of right to left shunt: new application in presence of right to left shunting through the ductus arteriosus: Welton M. Gersony, Gabriel V. Duc, Ralph B. Dell, and John C. Sinclair Continuous measurement of peripheral vascular conductance: V. C. Roberts An analogue device for measuring the pre-ejection period (PEP): J. P. Blackburn, C. M. Conway, J. M. Leigh, M. J. Lindop, J. A. Reitan, and R. Robbins Computer measurement of cardiac output by dye dilution: comparison of computer, Fick, and Dow techniques: Robert Stenson, Linda Crouse, and Donald C. Harrison This journal is published in association with the British Cardiac Society. Cardiovascular Research is mainly for the publication of basic research. The range of subjects covered by the journal includes physiological, pathological, pharmacological, biochemical, haemodynamic, surgical, and similar advances in the study of the heart and circulation. This journal is published six times a year in January, March, May, July, September and November. Annzral Subscription, U.S.A. $17.50 (Combined annual subscription to Brit. Heart .I.& Car-diovasc.Res., $39.00) ORDER YOUR SUBSCRIPTION NOW All subscriptions to the United States can be ordered from the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1172 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston. Mass. 02134. Subscriptions for all other countries should be ordered from the Subscription Manager, CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London, W'CIH 9JR, England, or tlrrorrglr ut~yleading suhscriptio~lagent or hooXseller. AVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 1972 WESTERN EUROPEAN CENSUS REPORTS, 1960

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ann arbor science PUBLISHERS INC. POST OFFICE BOX 1425 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48106 < SEPTEMBER1972 2 special libraries .OL,M. ,,, .. .BE. .,

Letters 7A

Editorial 13~ Edward G. Strable

Venn Diagramming the Information Community 367 William S. Butlington

EDP Applications to Musical Ribliography 373 Donald C. Kobbins

Consider the Handicapped! 379 Larry K. Volin

A Simple Program for Weighted-Term Searching 381 Charles H. Davis

PEARL: An Automated Periodicals Control System 385 Cecily J.Surace

Current Reference Materials for the Physical Sciences 394 Kaphaella Kingsbury

Design for Future Service in a Developing Country 400 Fred ,J. Harsaghy, Jr

Capturing Elusive Statistics 404 Karen Takle Quinn

SLA News Beyond Stockholm 407 Automation Survey 413

Social Responsibilities 41 1 Members in the News 415

Vistas Have You Seen? 417 Reviews 420

Have You Heard? 419

Reports of Committees Placement 19~ and SLA Representatives 1971 172 421 lndex to Advertisers 20~

Editor: JANET D. BAILEY Advertising Sales: A. V.FORMAN Circulation: FREDERICKBAUM Special Libraries is published by Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. @ 1972 by Special Libraries Association. Monthly except double issue for hlay/Jun. Annual index in Decem- her issue. Second class postage paid at Sew York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. PosTMns~~n:Send Form 3579 to Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. Special Libraries Association

President Directors (1970173) EDWARDG. STRABLE MIRIAMH. TEES J. Walter Thompson Co. (Secretary of the Board) Information Services The Royal Bank of Canada 875 N. Michigan Avenue P.O. Box 6001 Chicago, Illinois 6061 1 Montreal 3, P.Q., Canada

President-Elect JOHN P. BINNINGTON GILLESFRAPPIER Brookhaven National Laboratory Librarv of Parliament Research Library parliament Buildings Upton, New York 11973 Wellington Street Ottawa, Ontario KIA OA9, Canada Directors (1971174) MARKH. BAER Advisory Council Chairman Hewlett-Packard Co. Libraries MRS. ZOE L. COSGROVE 1501 Page Mill Road 3M Company Palo Alto, California 94304 Tape Technical Library 3M Center, Building 230-1s MOI.TTF MORELOCK St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Purdue University Libraries Inter-Institutional Library Services Advisory Council Chairman-Elect West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 MRS. MARYMCNIERNEY GRANT Price Waterhouse & Company Directors (1972175) New York Library ANNEC. ROESS 60 Broad Street Institute of Gas Technology New York, New York 10004 3424 South State Street Chicago, Illinois 60616 Treasurer (1970173) JANET M. RIGNEY CHARLESH. STEVENS Council on Foreign Relations Library National Commission on Libraries and 58 East 68th Street Information Science New York, New York 10021 1717 K Street, NW, Suite 601 Washington, D.C. 20036 Past President EFRENW. GONZALEZ Executive Director Bristol-Myers Products F. E. MCKENNA Science Information Services Special Libraries Association 1350 Liberty Avenue 235 Park Avenue South Hillside, New Jersey 07207 New York 10003

Subscription Rates. Free to SLA members. Nonmem- of the issue and the claim. No claims are allowed bers, USA and Canada, $22.50 per calendar year; add because of failure to notify the Membership Depart- $2.00 postage for other countries. Single copies (re- ment or the Circulation Department (see above) of cent years) $2.75 except for August issue (Directory) a change of address, or because copy is "missing from which is $12.00. files." Back Issues & Hard Cover Reprints: Inquire Kraus Special Libraries Association assumes no responsi- Reprint Corp., 1G East 46th St., New York, N. Y. bility for the statements and opinions advanced by Microfilm & Microfiche Editions (1909 to date): the contributors to the Association's publications. Inquire University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Instructions for Contributors last appeared in Special Changes of Address. Allow six weeks for all changes Libraries 62 (no.12): p.567-568 (Dec 1971). A pub- to become effective. AIl communications should in- lications brochure is available from the Association's clude both old and new addresses (with ZIP Codes) New York offices. Editorial views do not necessarily and should be accompanied by a mailing label from a represent the official po~i~tionof Special Libraries As- recent issue. Members should send their communica- sociation. Acceptance of an advertisement does not tions to the SLA Membership Department, 235 Park imply endorsement of bhe product by Special Libraries Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Nonmember Association. Subscribers should send their communications to the SLA Circulation Department, 235 Park Avenue South, Indexed in: Busmess Periodicals Index, Info~mation New York, N. Y. 10003. Science Abstracts, Historical Abs!racts, Hospital Lit- Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if erature Index, Library Literature, Library C Informa- received more than 90 days from date of mailing tion Science Abstvacts, Management Index, Public Af- plus the time normally required for postal delivery fairs Informaiion Service and Science Citation Index. Membership DUES.Member or Associate Member $30; Student $5; Retired $10; Sustaining $100. The one-time payment for Member (Paid for Life) is $350. We've invented a speedy "time machine" called Retro- spective Search. This custom service saves you time by searching 1.5 million Life Science articles from the complete indexes to BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS and BIORESEARCH INDEX, 1959 to date. Instead of spending countless hours searching years of journals, computerized Retrospective Search skillfully selects the abstracts and citations most relevant to your problem-and frees you for more productive work! Here's how to put our speedy "time machine" to work for you right now-call or write: Professional Services Dept., BioSciences Information Service, 2 100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19 103 Phone: Now in preparation - new, expanded, revised 1972 editions. BOOKS IN PRINT 1972 Coming in October 25,000 more titles than last year. 355,000 in-print books available from 2,250 U.S. publishers' imprints. Alphabetically arranged by author (Volume I) and title (Volume 11). NEW THIS YEAR - both volumes will have the same complete bibliographic information for each listing: author, co-author, editor, co-editor, .translator, title, language if other than English, price, imprint, Publisher and year of publication, ISBN. Plus this, if warranted: edition, number of volumes, series information, grade range, whethe! or not illustrated, binding (if other than cloth over boards). The Titles lndex includes a 100-page directory of virtually all U.S. publishers, with addresses. $44.50 net pp. 8Y2" x 11%". Cloth. Authors Index, 3,150 pages. Titles Index, 3,100 pages. LC 4-12648.ISBN 0-8352-0580-0.

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R.R. Bowker Company P.O. Box 1807 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 XEROX A Xerox Education Company XERO> - a trademark OI XEROX CORPORATION 6~ so guided in the number of subscriptions I LETTERS place to your titles come January 1, 1973. John M. Connor Copyright-Whose Benefit? Los Angeles County Medical Association I think it would be useful to make explicit Los Angeles, Calif. 90057 a point implied in Philip Rosenstein's Vista on Williams & Wilkins (Special Libraries, The above letter was sent to Williams 6. May/ June 1972). Wilkins Company and is reprinted here with Mr. Rosenstein writes (p.276), "Tradition- permission of the author.-ED. ally, copyright exists to protect both the publisher and the author." But I think that it is clear enough, and the point has been made Annual Meetings? in the past, that publisher and author are I fear that my long-time favorite Devil's given &at benefit-so that they may be en- Advocate, Gordon Randall, is about to be couraged to produce works for the benefit of unseated by Frank McKenna. At SLA's An- the public. That is, copyright exists primarily nual Meeting in Boston, Frank asked, in a to protect the interest of the public; and tone clearly implying an expected negative only secondarily that of publisher and author. response: "Should the annual business meet- I raise the point because it seems, at least ing of SLA be continued?" in my reading of various comments, to have Over 2,200 members were registered at been forgotten in the case of W & W. Boston; three hundred fifty attended the An- Michael P. Sinclair nual Meeting. The attendance seems to an- Queen's University at Kingston swer Frank's question with a resounding Douglas Library "NO!" I beg to differ. Kingston, Ontario, Canada There is no substitute for the knowledge K7L 5C4 of fellow members gained by watching them in action. The Annual Meeting traditionally hears reports from the President, Treasurer, A Librarian's Reaction Advisory Council Chairman, Chapter Liaison Officer, Division Liaison Officer, Chairmen of You continue to score points with librar- Association Committees, Association repre- ians in increasingly minus quantities. sentatives to other organizations and a few First you test the legality of photocopying other people. Most of them have really periodicals without the consent of the copy- worked for us, the other members. They de- right owner in the courts. And in this regard serve to be heard for a few minutes. But let me call to your attention the completely much more important, many of them will dishonest statement in your recent memo- run for elective Association office in the next randum entitled "A STATEMENT TO LIBRARIANS few years-we owe it to ourselves to know FROM THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY." these people, not merely as names with a You state, and I quote, "This view has now list of offices held, but as individuals. been confirmed in the first case ever brought There is an even more obvious reason for on the issue, . . . ." As I understand it this holding an Annual Business Meeting. That is was not a ruling but an opinion by one Court that any member may bring before that of Claims Commissioner James F. Davis. The meeting any item of business which (s)he case has yet to go to court, so at least let us feels appropriate. all have honesty in terms of facts. I'd like to see further discussion of the The second -action you have taken is to Annual Meeting by those who regularly at- differentiate between subscriptions to indi- tend-and those who stay away. If you're a viduals and subscriptions to libraries. I'd be member of the latter group, and have heard interested in knowing now how that one that Annual Meetings are cut and dried or would go if a class action was brought against dull, I'm sorry you missed this one. The dis- Williams & Wilkins and the others who do cussion following Len Waldron's motion was so discriminate between their subscribers. excellent, airing an issue SLA hasn't pre- I have asked my staff to critically examine viously discussed. The feeling of unanimous the Williams & Wilkins subscriptions in agreement with the intent of the motion did terms of their use andpeed, and I intend on not stifle debate but led to a friendly, even the basis of their objective evaluation to be compassionate, airing of differences in ap- COBOL leaves COLD & FORTRAN CONFUSED. These are languages not meant to help HUMAN BEINGS. Our persorial non computer~zedservlce 1s meant to help YOU. If you prefer to have your name properly spelled, rather than punched Into an alphanumer~ccode. we can offer rap~d. rel~ableand personal servlce for all your book buymg needs Please lnqulre about our spec~alservlces for

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Rpvna of -. Ltd. International, lnc. ZIZZZ~Y- proach toward the question of the role of . . . letters SLA in relation to minorities. Here, then, was an opportunity to see many SLA-ers in action on an issue not on the agenda. We deal of effort and devotion to make the con- need it! ference a success. It is generally known that Lois E. Godfrey conferences are getting better every year due Los Alamos, N.M. 87544 to the experience gained and translated into added improvements. Following are Frank McKenna's words on It is in this spirit that I would like to add this subject quoted from the oficial trans- my observations-which are sharpened by script of the Annual Meeting: "first attendancen-to other constructive critical comments which are being hopefully "As I listened to the reports presented here received by you and will be utilized next today and as I tried to put together notes year in planning for an even more successful from my own report, I was led to a sugges- SLA Conference in Pittsburgh, Pa. tion for your consideration. 1 have deliber- Despite the thorough planning which was ately not mentioned this suggestion to the evident from the program, and the friendly Board of Directors because I was sure that willingness to help by all involved, it be- the board would refer this suggestion to a came also obvious that some of the sessions committee. Now some of you may view the were too crowded; there was too much over- proposal as being a radical one and it well lap in good presentations; there was not may be, so I think it is something that should enough time (no time at all) between ses- be fermented for a while. sions; there was not enough time to cover "Do you think that this morning's annual the exhibitions in leisure; there was too little meeting is really necessary? Can SLA survive chance to socialize; there was a problem in without thk annual meeting? Now I want getting a quick breakfast. you to be sure that I'm not proposing that As far as the papers presented are con- we discontinue conferences. I'm talking about cerned, I would like to submit that the great this Wednesday morning session. There are need for presentation of practices and al- two very minor items on the agenda that re- ternatives in the small library (small mean- quire a vote because of the terms of our ing staff 01 under 5) was not met sufficiently, bylaws, but it is a series of reports. These as evidenced by the tremendous crowd anx- reports will be printed. If you are interested, ious to attend Session 96, which had to be you can read them and those of you who moved into Bay State Room in the middle aren't interested, you may scan them hastily. of the presentation. "Now we have over 2,000 registrants and ~ayI suggest the following improvements as nearly as I counted the chairs in this for the next Conference: room this morning, if completely filled, there Furnish extended abstracts with advance would be 746. So this means that this annual registration forms and ask for an indication meeting is not one of the more popular ses- of-which sessions the participants would be sions of the week. interested in. This would make it much "When one hears the words, Annual Busi- easier for the Planning Committee, espe- ness Meeting, one naturally assumes that cially the Program Committee, in estimating there is business that needs to be transacted. crowds and in trying to avoid overlaps. My suggestion is: could not the SLA Bylaws Keep booths open at least one hour after be worded in such a way that there be a close -of the s&sions. Schedule sessions business meeting when there is business to throughout the day. Avoid all-afternoon be transacted or a matter of substance to be programs which overlap with several other discussed and allow the half day to be avail- interesting papers. Stick to a rigid time- able to the Divisions who are always looking schedule and leave 10 minutes in between for an extra half day slot for programs." sessions. Make better use of the evenings, -ED. when, for example, business meetings could be combined with a dinner. I found that a number of papers on auto- Pittsburgh Can Be Better mation went over the head of many in the audience. Either a person is familiar with Every year all those in charge of and all the basics of information science, in which those somehow involved in the preparations case it was a good deal of rehash, or a per- for the annual Conference put in a great son is unfamiliar with computer and information science technology and is therefore hard put to understand what the speaker is trying to say or do. Therefore, a few basic presentations would help. The same line of thought applies to the Electronic Terminal Display, where in many cases it was not at all clear just what the exhibitors were trying to sell or had to offer. The Ringleader Session was an excellent idea, but with so many subjects and 100 possible discussion groups, I spent half of the time trying to manually develop the most efficient routine-and then ended up in a DIALOG demonstration. Smoke was-as it always is in crowds-a problem. Some even persisted in smoking in fully jammed elevators. There is no reason why SLA could not set a good example and designate a section in each room f& smok- In this past year we've in- ers, thereby making both smokers and non- stalled a 5100,000 com- smokers much more comfortable and atten- puter system that offers tive. you a totally new program The Banquet was thoroughly enjoyable -thanks to an excellently planned and ex- to simplify your bindery ecuted program. I wonder how many others preparation. We call it felt as I did, that it would have been even H.E.L.P.-Heckman's Elec- nicer to have tables designated for indi- tronic Library Program. vidual Divisions. Throughout the Conference This program will simplify I did not get a chance to meet yet unknown your work and actually cut members of my own Division, and this your bindery preparation would have been a pleasant chance to make time by 1/3 to 1/2. New some new contacts. simplified forms give you However, the opening speech was not only a total and continuous misdirected in terms of the audience, inap- recycling record of each propriate in terms of the occasion, and totally unrelated to the stated theme of the publication at your finger- conference (to say the least) but also an in- tips. It's really revolution- appropriate use of very precious time, when ary. . . and it's from the there is such a dire need to learn about man- originators of 28 day ser- agement and operation of small libraries on vice. Ask your Heckman the part of so many overworked, underpaid, representativefor H.E.L. P. and underrated devoted librarians-who de- Write or phone. Better spite various hardships came all the way to yet, come and visit us. BOSTON just for this purpose-and when there is so pitifully little time to talk about THE HECKMAN and teach it. BINDERY, INCORPORATED Liselotte Martin NORTH MANCHESTER, IND. 46162 Chardon, Ohio TELEPHONE (219) 182-2107

Numbers, Numbers . . . In "Scientific Journals: Page or Price Ex- plosion?" (Feb 72, p.53-58) Mr. Matarazzo seems to have fallen into the common statistical trap of subtracting percents derived from different bases. I refer to: "If the percent of page increase is subtracted from the percent of price increase, the true percent of price increase for the ten years surveyed can be . . . more letters calculated at 55y0. . . ," (p.54) and to the results presented in Table 2B. If I understand his argument correctly, Mr. AIatararzo is attempting to control for ing that his data do not fundamentally alter the increase in tlle number of pages pub- t onclusions. lished to determine the actual or "true" price As Mr. Garszde notes, he is arriving at a increase of his journal sample: this is simply diflerenl unit of measurement (i.e., percent not accomplished by substracting page per- of change in cost per page) than I was seek- cents from price percents. ing. My goal, after establishing that a sig- A more appropriate measure is the per- nificant portion of subscription price in- cent change in the cost per page from 1959 c,rea.res fir this sample was traceable to in- to 1969. Using the data supplied in Table 1 ueases in pagination, was to point out that (the totals in Table 2A do not always agree in some cases not all of the subscription with the data in Table I??) the overall costs price increase could be traced to increases per page for the sample are S.0146 in 1959 in pagination. I called the subscription price and $.0170 in 1969. This gives an increase not trclceable to page increases, "the true in cost !page of 16.497,, which is, I believe, price increase," and accepted the limitations more reasonable and meaningful than the of thts concept. 55% figure. In any event, armed with the data in my model and Mr. Garside's able statistical in- Applying-- . - this method to the three journal groups gives the following results: terpretation, special librarians should be better equipped to account for and justify Cost /Page yo increase Dutlgetal-y. . inrreuses necessary to maintain 1959 1969 (decrease) their periodzral collections and related serv- ICPS. AIP Journals $0097 3.0088 (9.3) James M. Matarauo Commercial .0307 ,0300 (2.3) Simmons College Ocher Society etc. ,0090 .0160 78.0 School of Library Science Boston, Massachusetts 021 15 While these new figures do not radically alter Mr. Matarazzo's conclusions, they do put things in a new perspective. The commercial journals as a group are seen to be Music Info Requested more like the AIP journals than was previously indicated; both groups being "better ~'ECHNICAL INFORMATIONREPORTS FOR buys" (excluding quality considerations) in AIUSK-MEDIASPECIALISTS (TIRMMS) is the 1969 than in 1959. Moreover, the increase in title of a new Music Library Association cost/page of the Other Society journals is publication series. Publications within the enhanced. One wonders if there has been series will be devoted to technical problems some increase in costs which has affected encountered in the music library. This will these small foreign publishers but not tlle include statistical studies, bibliographic AIP or the large international concerns? studies of technical subjects, studies of tech- The data in Table 1 are most interesting, nology, management and administrative tech- and await further statistical analysis. With niques, buildings and equipment, and stand- proper manipulation the important question ards and standardization. Contributions are of cost/use (in terms of journal citations) solicited from librarians or others who have could be approached. I wish to thank Mr. met and/or conquered technical problems of Alatarazzo and Special Libraries for making any sort which are pertinent to music librar- the data available. ies or collections. The series is designed to Daniel B. Garside MA candidate meet requests of ML,A members for practical Graduate Library School information about such problems. Manu- University of Chicago scripts for possible inclusion in the series Chicago, Ill. 60637 should be sent to: Troy Brazell, editor; TIKMhlS; University Library, Eastern Mich- igan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197. Author's Reply Troy Brazell Mr. Garside is quite correct in pointing Eastern Michigan University out a statistical dificulty while acknowledg- Ypsilanti, Mich. 48197 Periodical Displayer Use this with up to four modules, for neat storage and display of as many as 96 periodicals.

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Being President of SLA brings with it some services to segments of the population which wondrous moments-moments that are ex- were unserved by any kind of library. Much citing, funny, proud, dull, pleasing, exhil- headway has been made in establishing new arating-and unnerving. The unnerving ones public, school and academic library services. tend to come along when one is asked-be- These have had some effect, of course, in cause one is THE President-large, im- serving the work-related information needs of portant and serious questions. It is then that people. But practically none of these libraries one realizes that the SLA presidency tends to would claim to have as a primary goal the broaden the seat more rapidly than it provision of sophisticated, in-depth informa- broadens the mind. tion services which is the first objective of For example, I was recently asked for my almost every special library/information cen- "view of the professional association in ter. The movement toward intertype library addressing problems of library and informa- cooperatives and public reference and re- tion sources on a nationwide basis." A good search centers will help meet some of the rluestion, and a legitimate one. But as I more serious information needs of people, struggled to write a logical, meaningful and but they are not expected to replace the substantive statement, I could see that what special library/information center which pro- I was saying to them should more rightfully vides information services to business, in- be addressed to us. And I realized that I dustrial, government and association workers was not at all sure that the concerns I have on the spot, at the places they practice their about special librarianship are shared by professions. any of you. Have we already reached our potential? Some place in my musings. I remembered Have all the special libraries which might be that Frank McKenna had said that it would established been established? Of course not. be a good thing for SLA Presidents to write Each of us, where he sits at this very moment, editorials for Special Libraries once in can look over his community and identify at awhile. That's when I decided to use this least one business, industry or other organiza- means to sound you out, to try for some sort tion which should rightfully have a special of written dialogue to supplement the all-too- library under development, and does not. brief and largely aural chapter visits. What I Each of us has his own little group of regular I have in mind might more correctly be "outside" and unserved users who approach called informal conversations, rather than us, hesitantly and apologetically, for help editorials. But whatever we call them, will with the serious kinds of information prob- you read, think, respond, aid? If you do the lems which special libraries handle best. result will be action, developed from con- Thus, each of us can multiply his own situa- sensus. tion by many thousand and begin to esti- About a half dozen concerns are at the mate the immense size of the total need for top of my mind. The first one we might take our kind of information services in our a look at together can be postulated in the total community. question: How do we attack the problem more effectively than we now are doing? What About Our Unserved Population? Some answers can be found in our own experience. We can take a look at the "Golden Are we as concerned as we should be about Book" (Special Libraries Association-Its that large segment of the population that First Fifty Years, 1909-1959), which is each does not have any special, professional in- Chapter's and Division's assessment of what formation services in their work-related lives? it had accomplished by SLA's fiftieth an- Are we doing nearly enough to stimulate the niversary, and see what it tells us. The book establishment of new special libraries to shows that at one time in the past Chapters serve these unserved? and Divisions had as a major objective and In the library profession we have worked activity the aggressive promotion of the dol- together for decades to try to bring library (Continues on p. 416) 13~

Venn Diagramming the Information Community

William S. Budington The John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois 60616

The "information community" is seen mutual understanding. Recognition of as consisting of three primary groups: common goals and combining of efforts Processors, Libraries, Users. These groups may achieve more effective long-range have overlapping areas of interest, func- results than will short-range competition tion and concern, as well as motives and and argument. Implications of federal needs which are respectively unique. It participation and funding are discussed. is desirable that these groups gain deeper

THEREexists a certain distance be- tion Center and a strong proponent of tween librarians and the information in- maximized information access. dustry. It is necessary to try to eliminate She reminded us of the scholar's simple misunderstandings by learning about our- beginnings, when verbal communication selves and about other people, analyzing evolved into written letters and then into the mutual impact upon each other, and the scientific journal-an early "middle- most especially recognizing the essential- man" in information handling. Although ity of mutual support. Our differences libraries had been known since ancient must be consciously noted, respected, un- times, the advent of the journal added derstood and used synergistically-not new successors to the library's function destructively. as middleman. Libraries now created We live in a pluralistic society, and we various indexes, which in due course are active in a pluralistic information were also prepared by professional so- community. This community can be cieties and others. This lengthening of studied in a sociological sense. Dean Don the middleman line is continuing today, Swanson (I), University of Chicago, notes as the volume and complexity of infor- that our system of handling information mation grow and more stages are re- has evolved spasmodically, adapting it- quired. The natural evolution of the self to needs and opportunities perceived middleman has been more varied and, locally and parochially. But he thinks it perhaps, more striking than changes else- is much better than any monolithic, con- where in our system. It is said that the trolled structure: it is flexible; it sup age of industrialization has now been ports innovation; and it offers opportuni- succeeded by the age of information- ties for being strengthened and for tak- and that the key to power in the present ing positive action. Another analysis is and future is information, our greatest from Irma Johnson, MIT, guiding light single national resource. We should con- at one time to Crerar's National Transla- sider the possibility of occasional anar- chy, unless the various functions and cerned with primary publications, with concerned parties are brought into proper secondary abstracting and indexing pub- focus. lications, with creation of data bases, with machine systems, storage techniques, Information Community Elements communication channels, reprography- the whole range of information format- To attempt this focus, let us mention ting, reformatting and transmission. some of the principal elements of our What is the general motivation of this pluralistic community. To begin with, group? Overall, you might say survival. there is the creator of information, who- Those calling themselves the information ever it is that extracts from his physical industry are obviously concerned with or intellectual environment a new fact, profits. The non-profit segment is con- concept, or creation and communicates cerned with prestige, or service to mem- or records it in some fashion. Next we bership or other relevant user groups, encounter the various middlemen-the success, professional satisfaction, prob- collectors and storers. And finally we ably other concerns. In order to survive, come to the information user, who may they must compete, to achieve visible or may not be a creator of information. justification for what they are doing. If he is, we have come full circle. If not, This justification can be dividends, bo- he may be another middleman refining nuses, pleased memberships, satisfied the process still further, or the user may sponsors and users, fame and fortune. have some other justification. In any case, And, basically, it is hoped that some the ultimate objective is access to infor- modicum accrues of satisfaction in suc- mation and the absorption and use cessful performance of a needed function thereof-not repackaging solely for the in the information community. sake of innovation, but for real consump- Let us turn to the second neighboring tion: a use of information which exerts circle, and come to where the transfer is influence, which enables and produces -Library country. One certain area of change, or which is of personal interest overlap with the Processor circle is in li- to someone. The true value measure of brary purchase of processed products- information is that final use to which it in some instances libraries being the can be put, not the purchase price in major or even sole market for these prod- the marketplace. ucts. Put the other way around, the library is dependent upon processors for Enter the Venn Diagram its input, for it receives no raw infonna- tion directly. Libraries, like the proces- What are the relationships among sors, are middlemen; they are not users. these people? The Venn diagram sug- This is a factor sometimes overlooked, in gests an easy means of dramatization. the same way we overlook the fact that Consider how the information commu- processors are not really producers of in- nity fits the overlapping circles of such formation. a diagram. What do libraries themselves provide? The context in which we operate, the Essentially, they build an arena in and universe in which our diagram rests, is by which information reaches the ulti- Information. mate user. They acquire, collect, store, The initial circle may be labelled in- arrange, preserve. They create systems formation Processors. This circle includes and tools to carry out these functions. all information processors-profit-mak- Passively or actively, they arrange for the ers, non-profits, professional society and user to be put in touch with the record of academic group, formal and informal, information. The systems created by li- permanent and ephemeral. "Information brarians may extend beyond local walls, industry" is a misnomer for this circle, to a dispersed but still primary clientele for the word implies only the profit-moti- such as branch libraries in universities vated sector. The processor group is con- and cities; or, through evolving systems and networks of libraries, their informa- from the processor, through purchase of tion may travel to other more distant trade books, society journals, even in users. A second specific function per- some rare cases the personal subscription formed by libraries is providing assist- to Engineering Index or Zndex Medicus. ance to and training of their users. This And as we all know, some large portion activity attains various degrees of inno- of the user's information (perhaps 50y0- vation, skill, aggressiveness and success. 80y0)comes from his direct personal con- The motivation of libraries and li- tacts. Thus, he communicates within his brarians derives from the organizations own circle, just as libraries with their of which they are a part, from the ob- systems swap information within their jectives which these diverse organizations circle, and as happens, somewhat sporadi- seek to achieve. The special library in cally, within the Processors' circle. industry is as profit-oriented as the stock- holder. The public library has general Each Group's Concern interest satisfaction and education as its goal (though this may vary in the light This leads us to the areas of concern of political trends or social pressures). In which are specific to each of our three groups. ~implisticall~,the user's concern is with getting his hands on what he needs, with the least amount of effort by him and with all reasonable (or possibly unreasonable) speed. How it gets there is not particularly interesting to him, and the cost is for someone else to worry about. If the cost denies the information to him, he will raise a little hell, with whatever victim is nearest at hand. In the final analysis, it is his needs and this hell-raising which determine at least some features of these other two circles, in terms of content, cost, format, timeli- the college library, teaching needs de- ness, etc. termine the program, with a sprinkling The processor community is the first of research materials depending upon middleman in the chain, and must try to upperclass needs, faculty interests or sense the user's needs and how best to'sat- graduate curricula. University and other isfy them. The decision-making process research libraries are faced with collect- here seems likely to have a mix of facing challenges of considerable breadth tors: finding whether the needed infor- and depth, and they must estimate po- mation exists, how to process, label or tential future demands in addition to package it, and the economics of the present daily requirements. situation. In some instances, general sale- Comes now our User to the scene, and ability is the major measure, with mar- we find that both of our previous circles keting and consumer education playing overlap with his. The librarian, of course, sizeable roles. In other instances. the serves the ultimate user. It provides him processing may be expensively and per- with bibliographic tools both home- sonally tailored to fit very specific re- grown and purchased from the proces- quirements of only a few consumers. In sors; it teaches him, if need be, how to between, all sorts of compromises are use these tools; and it sets in front of possible. him the information itself, in one form The librarian is also trying to get an or another. The library might like to understanding of what the user really think the user completely dependent on needs. This understanding governs the its resources, but of course this is not so. nature of such secondary processing as The user gets much information directly the library may do and such cooperative systems as the librarian devises. It is also the determining factor for selectivity in the products aid packages which thk library acquires. Here, obviously, is an effort in which the library and the processor must support each other. Many a publisher's advisory board of librarians for this purpose now exists, better to estimate the user's needs and means of satisfying them. pays for this either by subsidy or by sales The other weight in the library's scale, income or by both. Paul Zurkowski of of course, is its cost of operations. The the Information Industry Association has days of continually rising budgets are quoted theoretical figures: 35y0 of the gone or nearly so. At a recent meeting sales price goes to create a product; 40y0 of Association of Research Libraries, a is for marketing and customer education; show of hands showed 65y0 with declin- and 25y0 covers taxes and profits. Pre- ing budgets-half due to frozen budgets sumably, non-profit processors have some- and half to actual cuts. The remaining what different proportions. The sales 35% were either just able to stand still price is what is paid out by libraries, who or (a very few) to continue expanding. have the responsibility of wisely spending Thus, there may well be reluctance to somebody else's money, and whose pri- acquire new services; either an old fa- mary concern is for the creation of the vorite must be dropped, or management best product. must be sold on giving out new dollars. One library problem occurs because of The question may well arise as to the belief that money can always be whether such fund restriction and reallo- found to pay the price. To some extent, cation are in the communitv's best inter- this belief has grown in the era of grant- est, whether growth is not an essential funded operations, of cost-plus contracts, characteristic-subject to some prudent where the real squeeze was minimized. judgment, of course. Libraries have to But as a result of the business decline, struggle for support and must cope with the decrease in endowment income and many other competitors for available the drop in public and private giving, funds. Libraries must justify their ex- that purchase price may just not be istence in a world where information there. Nor is there enough there to keep analysis centers and programmed learn- up with the 12y0 average increase in sub- ing are far easier to sell by virtue of that scription prices we caught this year, nor much-worn noun "innovation," which to to keep up with rising costs of all ma- some extent means "unfamiliar." terials and services. Important topics for discussion in re- It seems almost too easy to say, well, gard to mutual support in the informa- the federal government should step in. tion community are financial sustenance Yet the magnitude of the problem is such and information availabilitv. In the lat- that this is the natural and almost the ter category is included the work of sec- only sufficient resource. Furthermore, our ondary publications and systems, as well objective is, ultimately, an informed and as the primary information record. To otherwise improved society-again a mat- keep our analysis intact, these may be ter of national concern. Finally, much of spotted in the very center of our diagram the huge fallow store of information has -of concern to User and to Processor been and still is being produced under and to Library, alike. federal subvention. The sole, immediate product of this research is information, Financial Considerations no more, no less. The major outlay is for the research activity; is it too much to ex- With respect to finances, the processor pect that any outlay also provide some must pay the cost of the processing; he support for the full dissemination of this information, including secondary process- passing the information store along to ing and distribution? the ultimate consumer. One example of Who gets the money is an obvious in- real surf is copyright-its meaning, its vitation to argument. Some say it should protection, its alleviation. Another storm go to the buyer, so that he can exercise centers on the transfer of government in- his so-called marketplace leverage. Some formation services to the profit sector of say it should go to the processor, to give the processing community. Some power- him the capital necessary to get on with ful arguments can be mounted that this the job. In fact, perhaps a compromise is exactly what the government should is not without merit. The use charge phi- do, that it should stick to basic produc- losophy now in full bloom sets a penalty, tion and experimentation and let special- if you will, on the prospective consumer. ists handle the distribution. There are What is really needed is some kind of in- also a few powerful questions as to this centive toward use-a partial move from mode of operation. The assumption that support for processes which supply a felt industry will indeed do it better is not need, to a means of inducement to use necessarily valid gospel. It is said that the supply of information. government specifications insure ade- The proponents of use charges suggest quacy and quality. But who inspects and that libraries, especially research librar- corrects? We're not making automobiles ies, should move to a transaction fee basis. here; the loss of one year or two years or I would respond that the capital invest- three years of information, while some- ment necessary to successful research li- one takes a fling at this distribution kick, brary performance is such as to negate is somewhat more ominous than a faulty the possibility of full cost allocation, and car to be called back for factory alter- that asset cost recovery cannot be achieved ations. The temptation to shave quality by user charges. Thus, it seems to me that in order to hit a profit level is a lurking processors must save some of the energy threat at least in librarians' minds. they expend trying to "sell" libraries, What this amounts to, again, is recog- and use it in behalf of libraries. Libraries nition by the federal sector of its full re- should control some of the wrath they sponsibility to the public which, ulti- heap on so-called high price services and mately, pays for all things. If it is going products, and direct their ire at other to regulate utilities, then let it consider targets. Users should add a goodly meas- the information supply as such, and give ure of their disappointments and frustra- it the serious toplevel managemen t- tions. Mix these all together and admin- and support if necessary-which it gives ister this dose to those at responsible lev- to energy and to transportation. Informa- els in funding sources: on governments tion is both of these. with wrong priorities; on industries Two last, and I may say less contro- which should properly sustain informa- versial, suggestions of shared concerns. tion stores on which they depend; even The first is the seemingly simple matter on hard-pressed academic administrators of bringing the users up right. The ac- who may cater to faculty prima donnas, cusation has been made that librarians or covet grandiose stadiums or showy create or encourage reluctance on the presidential homes. There is a message part of users to accept new information here which it takes all of us in chorus to systems and techniques. The truth is that tell loud and long. libraries have a tough time convincing some potential users that they need in- Information Availability formation in the first place, and that there may be a little digging to do in the My second point for user/processor/ second place. Ignorance of how to use li- library consideration is information braries, really use them, is something availability. This is a matter not wholly rarely admitted; comparatively few stu- separable from the fiscal bind. But there dents are ever taught this skill. is a whole sea of waves being created in Libraries will be here for a while yet; despite their inadequacies, I think the called for in this Venn world of ours. maxim originally applied to environ- The processor group must keep in mind mental problems is also applicable to li- that information-producing research is braries: Use Well Before Shaking. This not performed just to provide the in- is another area for mutual support-the put for processing industries or society teaching of skills for using information publishing. Its existence is not to enable products and systems, whether library dividends to be paid, or to justify an Ab- catalogs, printed indexing and abstract- stracting & Indexing establishment. Nei- ing services, or remote access terminals. ther is information brought into being to What about professionally designed, mass give librarians jobs. The purpose of in- produced audio-visual teaching aids? Per- formation is to inform, and it belongs to haps, with God's help, we could settle on none of us. We are middlemen with re- a uniform format and compatible equip- sponsibilities to carry out, of a large or- ment. Each secondary service could then der, and we need fortitude to remem- provide the training aid as a package, ber this is a trust as well as a challenge. possibly as part of the library subscrip- The two key words are: Synergism, the tion. definition of which is the simultaneous action of separate agencies which, to- Information Transfer gether, have greater total effect than the sum of their individual effect; and Mu- Finally, all of us should be concerned tual Support, the central requirement of with the evolving channels for transfer which is concern for the well being of of information. Cooperation and net- every part of our pluralistic information works are important in library circles. community. Centralization and sharing of information resources will reduce library costs, Literature Cited but what are the implications for the processors? To what extent will this 1. Swanson, Don R. / "Communication of structure aid the user, and what adjust- Scientific Information-The Concept of a National Network." In The John Crerar ments will it require of him? Are today's Library, Papers in Honor of the 75th An- book and journal the media of the fu- niversary. Chicago, The Library, 1971, ture? When the American Psychological p.20. Association finds the average readership of an average article to be 17 persons, one wonders at the economics of printing Received for review Jan 13, 1972. Manu- 1,000 copies. What alternative means of script accepted for publication May 30, dissemination are processors and librar- 1972. Presented at a meeting of the Li- ies and users likely to face? brary Information Section, Information A very high order of statesmanship is Industry Association, Jun 30, 1971. EDP Applications to Musical Bibliography Input Considerations

Donald C. Robbins Cornell University Libraries, Ithaca, New York 14850

The application of EDP has been a ming languages have been devised. Al- boon in the analysis and bibliographic though &me operators have gained con- control of music. However, since today's siderable proficiency in their use, the input facilities are geared for handling encoding process is still a slow one. The alphabetic and numeric data, an extra best hope to facilitate musical input is step of encoding must be undertaken for the development of an OCR music-read- input of music. Several music program- ing machine.

THEINFORMATION CRISIS in vir- Committee on Automation in Music Bib- tually all disciplines is well known and liography by the Music Library Associa- is growing worse. The challenge is being tion, the special Tagung of the Deutsches met head-on with the aid of the com- Musikgeschichtliches Archiv in Kassel, puter in many branches of science, busi- organized by Harald Heckmann, and the ness, and government. The humanities, participation of a number of musicians with few exceptions, seem to be sinking in the series of IBM-organized univer- in an uncharted sea of information. sity conferences. There has been extensive opposition to Generally, in music literature, as dis- the use of computers in the humanities tinct from music itself, the problems are on philosophical grounds. There are un- little different from the bibliographic con- doubtedly many kinds of scholarly and trol of any discipline. The means for this bibliographical investigations that will control are therefore in the same state of always be better carried out by hand, theoretical development as for other while others will profit immeasurably fields. Only funds and personnel are lack- from electronic assistance. As the musi- ing to give us the same degree of control cologist Lewis Lockwood has remarked, of musicological literature as we have, "Having a computer is no substitute for for instance, of medical literature. having an idea, but having an idea need not require having to perform tedious EDP Possibilities for Musical Research labor suitable for a machine (I)." In the field of music, a growing inter- Distinct from the bibliographic control est in automation is evident from such of writings about music is the possibility developments as the establishment of a of applying the methods of electronic data processing to musical materials music typewriter (7) or phototypesetting themselves. For example, as LaRue and with a photon disk (8). As yet nothing Logemann point out (2), if the incipits similar is available for input purposes. (beginning themes) of a corpus of symphonies were to form a data base for a computer, we would have the capability Intervalic Codes of generating a thematic catalog accord- The first type of code to be considered ing to any of the following: is one which denotes intervals or dis- 1. Composer tances from one note to the next, rather 2. Key than actual pitch names. Such a code 3. Works with multiple attributions was devised for Meylan's project at the 4. Cumulated statistics, such as: University of Zurich, concerning a group a. Number of symphonies in a school of fifteenth-century dances (9). Each in- b. Number of works with a particu- terval is indicated by a digit, a positive lar instrumentation one indicating ascent and a negative one C. Number of works in a particular descent. Thus: tempo d. Number of works with a given 0 Unison number of movements -1 Up a second e. Number of incipits of a given con- 1 Down a second tour -2 Up a third 2 Down a third This list barelv scratches the surface of possibilities. The rhythms may be indicated by the Use of the computer has made stylistic addition of a digit, relating each note analysis of music possible in a way simi- proportionately to the one preceding. lar to the celebrated investigation of the The beginning of a basse dame follows anonymous portions of the American with its transcription: Federalist Papers (3). A few examples of such projects are Fiore's harmonic investigation of Webern (4), Karp's testing of melodic formulae in the thirteenth century French polyphonic repertoire (5), and Lockwood's study of Renaissance use of accidentals (6). All of these projects Note that the duration code is based on and a number of similar ones would be a logarithmic relationship. practically impossible for the human re- This code seems to be well-suited to searcher without the assistance of the the encoding of simple one-line music. computer. Its principal advantage is that it disre- It is, however, the problem of the mu- gards absolute pitches and note values. sical bibliographer or researcher to give Thus, it does not matter if the melody music to the computer in a machine-read- has been transposed or if the note values able form. The conventional keypunch have been reduced or increased. machine in use today was designed primarily for the input of alphabetic and The Ford-Columbia Language numeric data. Music has its own written language, representing sound, just as the The objective of this language, devel- alphabet represents the spoken language oped jointly by Bauer-Mengelberg and in a symbolic fashion. However, lacking Ferentz, is to encode complete musical a keypunch with musical symbols, the works. The aim is to represent all of the music must first be subjected to an extra graphic elements of a piece of music and step of alphanumeric coding. Some work to permit its printing by currently avail- has been done with output directly into able photo-composition equipment (10). musical notation, either by means of a The character set of the IBM 29 keypunch is used, including 26 letters, 10 position, analysis, printing, and even digits, and 28 special characters. electronic performance of the music are Two types of codes are utilized, one possible (12). In its basic principles it is for vertical measure and one for hori- very similar to the Ford-Columbia lan- zontal measure. The vertical placement guage, both codes requiring only a sin- of the notes on the staff is determined by gle pass. The alphabetic and numeric assigning a numeric value to each line features are, however, reversed. and space of the staff, the first line being The pitch of the note is indicated by 21, the first space 22, etc. Since the bulk a letter plus a register sign showing the of music is written on the staff, the ini- octave. A digit is used for the duration tial 2 may be dropped when this is the and remains in force until a different case. Notes above or below the staff will one appears. Abbreviations for tempo, then be designated by 30, 31, etc. and 19, key signature, and meter are avoided 18, etc., respectively. in the interest of claritv. The Beethoven A mnemonic code is used for hori- example would be transcribed as follows: zontal or durational coding:

W Whole note .2E 4G /2E.,4BI.E G Bl2E 40123C-1 C H Half note (Allegro, bBEA, 3/4) Q Quarter note "bBEA" indicates that the notes B, E, Certain information-clef, key signature, and A are flatted. If the piece were in time signature-is abstracted initially. the parallel minor, the word "minor" The method of encoding the beginning would be added after the key signature. of the 'cello part of Beethoven's Eroica Gould and Logemann have used the Symphony follows: "Plaine and Easie Code" as the basis for their ALMA (Alphameric Language for Music Analysis) (13). The basic notation is the same. but ALMA is much Clef: 27!F That is-F clef on line 27. more sophisticated, perhaps unnecessarily Key signature: !K3-Three flats so for most applications. Provision is Time signature: !M3:4 made for multiple passes or scans to simplify transcription of complex scores. The The tie between the last two notes is refinements of ALMA include: indicated by J. Barlines are shown by /. The complete transcription would be: Indication of chords by $. A C major triad is $CEG$. Repetition symbols to simplify coding of such passages as the following: The Ford-Columbia language is suited to the encoding of a complete musical score. Other indications, such as dynamics and instrumentation are provided for in a supplementary list of symbols. It has proven easy to learn and to use, as Texture symbols (accents, trills, has the next code to be described. glissandi). Scan relocation statement+e.g. =/1= indicates relocation to the The Plaine and Easie Code beginning of the first full measure. This code, with its whimsical name borrowed from a famous sixteenth-cen- Other Languages tury treatise (ll),is also designed to en- compass a complete musical score. By It is not our purpose here to present proper programming, it is claimed, trans- all extant languages in detail, but to give some basis for comparison between the The pitches are 39, 40, 41, 51, 49, 48, 45, ones which have actualIy been put to use. and 39. Allowing sixteen columns for It may be noted from the above descrip- each quarter note, the numbers will be tions that the basic premises of all the punched in columns 1-2, 21-22, 25-26, languages are similar, the details of im- 29-30, 33-34, 52-53, 56-57, and 60-61 re- plementation being somewhat different, spectively. The unused columns may be sometimes in a seemingly arbitrary fash- used for identification purposes. Other ion. aspects of the score, such as dynamics, Before concluding, two more proposed expression marks, and articulation may languages may be briefly discussed. The be included by encoding them on a sep- first is by Jerome Wenker and includes arate series of cards. symbols for notation of non-Western Although it could be used for biblio- music (14). The notation contains all graphic purposes, this language is espe- musical symbols and conventions used cially valuable for analysis, since it lends since the Renaissance, both in conven- itself well to mathematical routines. tional musicology and ethnomusicology, plus facilities for adding musical symbols and conventions as desired. Future Input Possibilities One of the most distinctive aspects of An obvious conclusion which emerges the Wenker code is the provision for from the above descriptions is that ma- deviation in pitch, indicated in cents chine-readable input for the computer (hundredths of a semitone) or savarts is even more laborious and time-consum- (division of the octave into 301 parts). A ing than input of natural language data. passage like the following, which already At least some of the codes so far devised stretches the bounds of conventional no- are not difficult to learn to use, but tation: they are all slow. The development of a keypunch for direct transcription of music would be of some assistance, but probably not startlingly so. l2:;;f56 + 206 SAV. The number of codes in use or pro- e 602 cents- posed might suggest the desirability of becomes: adopting one standard international code, in the same way that standard mu- FS, 4F . , 16G (P=123.456), 4$C+. (M . sical notation is understood almost every- =+2.03S), 8FJ (I=602C), 4F, 4F// where. On the other hand, the search for This example should suffice to indicate such a language might be premature, the amount of precision possible with since our experience is very limited at this code. This should not be necessary present. for any but the most sophisticated ethno- The real hope for a breakthrough in musicological research. input capability is Optical Character The last language to be considered Recognition. Kassler suggests that the here, that devised by Jackson and Bern- technology for such a machine is almost zott (15), is based on a rather different within reach (16). He gives specifications premise from any of those described for a music-reader, pointing out that the above. The pitches, each represented by problems are probably fewer than with a two-digit number, are arranged spa- OCR for alphabetic data. For example, cially on a punch card in a manner cor- the only durational characters needed responding to their durations. As an ex- for presentation of music of the last four ample, a measure from the first violin centuries are these: part of Gustav Mahler's tenth symphony will be encoded: Then too, musical calligraphy is rather tis Musicae 12 (nos. 2-3): p.124-35 May- more standardized than alphabetic sym- Dec 1965). bols. In the music OCR system, the in- 10. Bauer-Mengelberg / op.cit., p.48-52. put could be either hard copy or micro- I 1. Cf. Thomas Morley / A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practical Musicke (Lon- copy reduced to a uniform size. don, 1597). Unfortunately, as Kassler admits, al- 12. Barry S. Brook / The Plaine and Easie though the technology may be available, Code. In Barry S. Brook, ed., op.cit., funds for development are not, nor are p.53-56. they likely to be in the foreseeable fu- 13. Murray J. Gould and George W. Loge- ture. Until music OCR becomes a reality, mann / ALMA: Alphameric Language we must make do with one of the pro- for Music Analysis. In Barry S. Brook, gramming languages described above or ed., op.cit ., p.57-90. a similar one yet to be developed. While 14. Jerome Wenkler / A Computer Oriented this is the case, we are certainly far from Music Notation Including Ethnomusi- realizing the full potential of electronic cological Symbols. In Barry S. Brook, ed., op.cit., p.91-120. aids in musical bibliography. 15. Roland Jackson and Philip Bernzott / A Musical Input Language and a Sample Program for Musical Analysis. In Barry S. Brook, ed., op.cit., p.130-150. 16. Michael Kassler / An Essay toward Speci- Literature Cited fication of a Music-Reading Machine. In Barry S. Brook, ed., op.cit., p.151-172. Barry S. Brook / Music Documentation of the Future. In Barry S. Brook, ed. Mu- sicology and the Computer. New York, City University of New York Press, 1970, p.31. Jan LaRue and George W. Logemann / Bibliography EDP for Thematic Catalogues. Music Li- brary Association Notes 22 (no.4): p.1179- Babbitt, Malton / The Use of Computers in 86 (Jun 1966). Musicological Research. Perspectives of New Frederick Mosteller and David Wallace / Music 3 (no.2): p.74-83 (1965). Inference in an Authorship Problem. Bernstein, Lawrence and Joseph P. Olive / Journal of the American Statistical Asso- Computers and the Sixteenth Century ciation 58: p.275-309 (1963). Chanson. Computers and the Humanities M. E. Fiore / Harmonic Structure in Vari- 3 (no.3): p.153-61 (Jan 1969). ation Movements by Webern. Computers Brender, Maurita and Ronald F. Brender / and the ~umanitie;2 (no.5): p.245' (May Computer Transcription and Analysis of 1968). Mid-thirteenth Century Musical Notation. ~heodoreKarp / A Computer Program Journal of Music Theory 11 (no.2): p.198- to Test for the Presence of Melodic For- 221 (Winter 1967). mulae . . . (research report, University Brook, Barry S., ed. / Musicology and the of California at Davis, 1967). Computer; Musicology 1966-2000: a Prac- Lewis Lockwood / Computer Assistance tical Program. New York, City University in the Investigation of Accidentals in of New York Press, 1970. Renaissance Music. In Proceedings of Collins, Walter S. / A New Tool for Musi- Tenth Congress of the International Mu- cology. Music and Letters 45 (no.2): p.122- sicological Society, Ljubljana, 1967, 25 (Apr 1965). p.444-9. Gerson-Kiwi, E. / Toward an Exact Tran- 7. ~ejarenA. Hiller and R. A. Baker / Au- scription of Tone-Relations. Acta Musico- tomated Music Printing. Journal of Mu- logica 25: p.80-87 (1953). sic Theory 9 (no.1): p.129-50 (1965). Hiller, Lejaren A., Jr. and R. A. Baker / 8. Stefan Bauer-Mengelberg / The Ford- Automated Music Printing. Journal of Columbia Input Language. In Barry Music Theory 9 (no.1): p.129-50 (1965). Brook, ed. op.cit., p.48. Heckmann, Harald, ed. / Elektronische Da- 9. Raymond Meylan / Utilization des Cal- tenuerarbeitung in der Musikwissenschaft. culatrices Electroniques. . . . Fontes Ar- Regensburg, G. Bosse Verlag, 1967. LaRue, Jan / Union Thematic Catalogues for Eighteenth Century Chamber Music and Concertos. Fontes Artis Musicae 7: p.64-6 (1960). ~incoln,Harry B., ed. / The Computer and Music. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1970. Schiadt, Nanna / Data Processing Applied to Byzantine Chant. Fontes Artis Musicae 12 (nos.2-3): p.122-23 (May-Dec 1965). Spivacke, Harold / Review of RILM. Com- puters and the Humanities 2 (no.3): p.120-4 (Jan 1968). Zimmerman, Franklin B. / Melodic Indexing for General and specialized Use. Notes 22 (no.4): p.1187-92 (Jun 1966). Donald C. Robbins is a member of the staff of Olin Library Catalog Department, Cornell University Libraries, Ithaca, New ~eceivedfor review Jun 29, 1971. Re- York. The paper won second prize in the vised manuscript accepted for publics- Upstate New York Chapter's 1971 Student tion Apr 4,1972. paper Competition. Consider the Handicapped!

Larry K. Volin The President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped, Washington, D.C. 20210

President's Committee established a Li- The functions of The President's brary Committee in 1960 to assist in its Committee on Employment of the Hand- national promotional campaign. The icapped are described. Suggestions of Library Committee is composed of librar- ways in which special libraries can help ians from all segments of the profession to further the Committee's efforts are and some publishers. explained. Through the Library Committee, and with the assistance of the American Li- brary Association, the President's Com- mittee encourages libraries to hire handicapped persons. ALA has developed and TOMOST PEOPLE a library is a place published a policy statement supporting to get a book. But, to the President's employment of the handicapped in li- Committee on Employment of the Hand- braries. Part of that campaign has been icapped, a library is an integral part of the co-sponsorship of programs on em- the effort to promote job opportunities ployment of the handicapped with ALA for handicapped persons. divisions at ALA Annual Conferences. Why? Libraries are employers and In addition, surveys made by the Li- have a variety of positions on their pay- brary Committee established the fact rolls. that handicapped persons are working Libraries are educational resources satisfactorily in a wide range of library helping people-including the handi- positions. capped-to meet their educational read- Through the Library Committee, the ing needs. President's Committee has also been able Libraries are information centers to to inform library school administrators which people turn for data on all kinds and their staffs about the potential of of subjects, including the availability of handicapped workers. This has opened services to the handicapped. the door wider so that handicapped per- Equally as important, libraries partici- sons who are capable may obtain de- pate in the hire-the-handicapped pro- grees in library science and jobs in the gram by cooperating with Governors' profession. and Community Committees and in To help promote job opportunities for other ways. handicapped persons in their communi- The President's Committee was estab- ties, many libraries throughout the coun- lished in 1947 and includes members try set up displays about the productive from all facets of community life, in- capacities of handicapped workers. Books cluding business and industry. Its mis- about persons who have overcome disa- sion is to develop a climate of acceptance bilities to be productive members of so- for handicapped persons, who are job ciety are the core of many of the exhibits. ready, among employers and the public. However, the educational effort does Recognizing that libraries provide go beyond library directors or their per- these services and opportunities, the sonnel officers to handicapped persons as well. Why? Reading and library service Today, handicapped people are going are essential elements in job preparation into a wide range of skilled or profes- and rehabilitation. Both are necessary in sional occupations-occupations which many forms of employment. require specialized knowledge and spe- Therefore, the President's Committee cialized reading materials in order to works very closely with the Division for meet study requirements. Special librar- the Blind and Physically Handicapped of ies can help these people by providing the Library of Congress on programs to the required reading material. inform librarians and handicapped per- Moreover, a special library can assist sons about the availability of Braille, handicapped people who are underem- recorded or large print material. ployed or employed in dead-end jobs to An important part of this cooperation upgrade their skills by providing them is the effort to encourage disabled veter- with material if they are preparing for ans-especially the young men returning jobs in the specialty covered by that li- from Vietnam-to utilize the educa- brary. tional resources of their local libraries. Although specialized knowledge may Impetus was recently given to the li- be essential to the job hopes of all hand- brary service for disabled veterans cam- icapped people, it is especially impor- paign when John Rebenack, Director of tant for many of the young disabled vet- the Akron Public Library and a member erans returning from Vietnam. These of the Library Committee of the Presi- young men for the most part lack skills dent's Committee, worked out a pro- which interest employers. So, libraries gram with the Akron Office of the Ohio which specialize in specific industries or Bureau of Employment Service to have subjects might join with veterans organ- that agency complete a library card ap- izations, public agencies and public li- plication, hand it to the veteran and braries in a concerted effort to provide encourage him to go to the library to job-oriented material to these men. get his card. To assist in the education of all company or organization employees regard- As for Special Libraries . . . ing the productivity of handicapped workers, special libraries can follow the Where do special libraries fit into example of many public libraries and the hire-the-handicapped program? What set up displays built around printed or can they do to help? Here are some sug- recorded literature about the achieve- gestions. ments of handicapped persons. As an information resource, provide These displays are generally set up reading material, about the capabilities during National Employ the Handi- of handicapped persons to employers in capped Week, which is proclaimed by business and industry, to leaders in labor, the President of the United States and government, medicine and other profes- observed during the first full week of sions and organizations. October every year. For instance, suppose someone in man- With assistance from libraries devoted agement wanted to know about the to specific subjects, the national effort safety record of the handicapped, or the to utilize the resources of all of this na- record of productivity, you-as the li- tion's libraries will be more effective. brarian-get that information. The library can have a direct influence Received for review May 3, 1972. Manu- on corporate hiring policy by suggesting script accepted for publication May 5, material to management which would 1972. enable it to prepare or update a written policy statement on employment of the Larry K. Volin is deputy assistant execu- handicapped. The library can hire a tive secretary, State Relations, The Presi- qualified handicapped person when a dent's Committee on Employment of the vacancy occurs. Handicapped, Washington, D.C. A Simple Program for Weighted-Term Searching

Charles H. Davis The University of Michigan, School of Library Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan

A straightforward procedure for per- By matching on substrings of elements in Forming weighted-term searches can be the records comprising the file, one can programmed quickly and easily, and the use the method to do whole text searches same general algorithm can be used for as well as conventional searches for index either on-line or batch mode searching. terms or other descriptors.

1 N AN AGE of ever increasing complex- search strategy used with the Termatrex ity, it is refreshing to realize that there card system and many computer-based are still some very useful things that retrieval systems. However, the weighted- can be done simply. This introductory term is more flexible in that it allows paper outlines a procedure for doing on- the searcher to assign each term a num- line searching of a data base through a ber which is proportional to the value computer terminal, although the tech- of the term for the particular search be- nique has also been adapted to batch ing undertaken. mode processing as well. The system has been used for both educational and ad- Weighting ministrative purposes at The University of Michigan and Drexel University, and To use a typical weighted-term system, it is also being used to help monitor dis- it is first necessary to choose a threshold sertations in progress for the Journal of value or cut-off weight. This weight is Education for Librarianship. This last an arbitrary integer within the limits data base has not been indexed or clas- imposed by the system which remains sified by subject content, but it can be constant throughout each individual searched with respect to author, univer- search. Weights relative to this threshold sity, date accepted, major adviser, and value are then assigned to each term virtually any combination of words or used in the search. If the weight assigned portions of words in the title. The pro- to a term is equal to or greater than the gramming can be done quickly by any- threshold value, then the computer will one with a modicum of experience in cause the information associated with data processing, but the results are not documents indexed under that term to trivial and are applicable on a general be printed out. If the weight assigned to level. the term is less than the threshold value, Weighted-term search strategy is sim- then the information associated with ilar to the Boolean AND, OR, and NOT documents indexed under that term will SEPTEMBER1972 not be printed out unless the term ap- dexed can be thought of as a kind of pears in combination with one or more document weight. This figure is usually other terms and the sum of the terms' printed along with the information weights is equal to or greater than the about the document and serves as an threshold value. This allows for very approximate measure of the document's flexible coordination of the terms in the probable relevance to each search research strategy. Consider the following quest. Some elaborate weighted-term sys- example: tems provide a sort on these document weights so that the documents will be Threshold value = 5 printed out in decreasing order of their Term A Weight 4 probable relevance. Such systems often Term B Weight = 1 permit the searcher to specify an upper Term C Weight = 1 limit to the number of documents which Term D Weight = 1 will be printed. Thus, if several hundred Term E Weight = 1 documents are likely to satisfy a given search request, then an arbitrary cut-off In this case, the information associated number of, say, 50, could be assigned with documents indexed under Term A to limit the output to 50 documents. If will be printed out only if the documents there has been a sort by document have also been indexed under Terms B, weights, then the searcher will be look- C, D, or E, or any combinations of them. ing at 50 of the most promising rather Negative weights can also be assigned than a random sample. to terms. This feature is especially valuable in minimizing the chances of print- Another feature of some of the more ing out unwanted material. The next complex weighted-term systems is the example illustrates negative weighting: built-in capability of determining from the document weight precisely which Threshold value = 7 terms were responsible for making the Term A Weight = 5 hit. This is not always easy or even pos- Term B Weight = 8 sible using small integers, because differ- Term C Weight = -6 ent combinations of these numbers will not produce unique results. Readers who Documents indexed under Term B will are interested in such special features be printed out only if Term C has not are referred to the articles in the selected been used also. If the document has been bibliography. The system described here indexed under both Terms A and B, was designed to be as simple and straight- then it will be printed out even if it has forward as possible. It assumes a data also been indexed under Term C. base which consists of a sequential file to It is interesting to note that negative be searched linearly, thus precluding its threshold values have their uses too. If use with very large files. one wants all documents indexed under Term A or Term B but not both, then The Program a negative threshold value can be de- clared, and the weights of Terms A and Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of the B can be set equal to it. If either of the basic algorithm. These are the steps desired terms appears by itself, then the which are gone through after the document will be printed out since the searcher has logged in to the computer value of the term will equal that of the and asked that the program be executed. threshold value. However, if both terms The program begins by initializing the appear, then the document will not be counter for the number of "hits," i.e., the printed out, because their combined number of documents which satisfy the weight will be less than that of the thresh- conditions set by the search strategy. old value. Following this, the computer asks for the The sum of the weights of the terms threshold value, which must be typed in under which a document has been in- by the searcher. A value of zero is used to terminate the search. Any non-zero This particular program has the fol- number will be interpreted as a value lowing message printed out at the end of for the number of terms for the search each search: "This is the end of your to follow. The computer will then research. Anything else? If not, please quest precisely this number of terms and type a zero and return." "Return," of their associated weights. A variable for course, is a reference to the carriage re- the document weight is then initialized turn on the computer terminal, which to zero, and the first record is read from is the mechanism which actually trans- the file. As long as an end-of-file mark mits the message to the computer. The is not encountered, the program will con- message is entirely arbitrary and is tinue to check for the desired terms and meant to help the searcher. If the system will increment the variable for the docu- is to be used by library patrons or other ment weight for each separate record in laymen, then the diagnostics for the en- the file if terms specified in the search tire system should probably be made strategy are present. The document more detailed. An optional set of pro- weight for each record is compared with cedures for using the system could be the threshold value. If the document programmed to provide a CAI (Com- weight is greater than or equal to the puter-Assisted-Instruction) capability to threshold value, then the record is the system if that is needed. printed out; otherwise, the variable for The CPS (Conversational Program- the document weight is re-initialized and ming System) subset of PL/I was used the next record is read from the file. to code this program, which is currently When the end-of-file mark is encoun- being run on an IBM 360175. Although tered, the number of hits and other mes- PL/I facilitates the programming of sages are printed out, the file is reposi- systems of this type, other languages and tioned, and the entire procedure is begun other machines could be used with again. equally satisfactory results.

Figure 1. The Basic Algorithm The Printout described here has been written to match on substrings of elements within each It should be remembered that although record. The significance of this is that it is theoretically possible to record the whole text searches can be performed entire contents of all the documents in a as well as standard searches for index collection and to process them by com- terms. In addition, the method involved puter, it is seldom done in In a is sufficiently simple that it can be taught collection of even moderate size, the to laymen and specialists in library and amount of material to be stored would information science alike. be staggering, and it would require an unconscionable amount of time to Selected Bibliography mint the results of most searches. For these reasons, printed output from the Brandhorst, W. T. / Simulation of Boolean computer usually appears in one of Logic Constraints Through the Use of three modes: 1) accession or call num- Term Weights. American Documentation. bers only, 2) accession or call numbers 17: p.145-146 (Jul 1966) with complete or partial bibliographic Iker, Howard P. / Solution of Boolean Equations Through Use of Term Weights citations, or 3) with an abstract or anno- to the Base Two. American Documenta- tation in addition to the foregoing. Since tion. 18: p.47 (Jan 1967) accession or call numbers alone do not Mathews, F. W. and L. Thomson / Weighted provide much information, they are Term Search: A Computer Program for an usually not distributed by themselves. Inverted Coordinate Index on Magnetic Rather, a master file of citations and/or Tape. Journal of Chemical Documenta- abstracts is kept on hand so that copies tion. 7: p.49-56 (Feb 1967) can be made to supplement the search. Mulvihill, John and Everett H. Brenner / This procedure minimizes the amount Ranking Boolean Search Output. Ameri- of computer time required but assumes can Documentation. 19: p.204-205 (Apr 1968) that there is good copying equipment Sommar, Helen G. and Don E. Dennis / A and plenty of clerical help available. New Method of Weighted Term Searching The system described in this paper com- with a Highly Structured Thesaurus. Pro- promises by providing a citation in ad- ceedings of the American Society for Zn- dition to the accession number. formation Science 6: p.193-198 (Oct 1969) The procedure for on-line searching presented here is straightforward and Received for review Jul 13, 1971. Re- suitable for any data base of reasonable vised manuscript accepted for publica- size. It is general, non-trivial, and in- tion Jun 5,1972. volves no complicated programming techniques. Using readily available typewriter terminals such as the IBM 2741 or the DATEL 30, the searcher will have the luxury of upper- and lower-case type as well as a variety of special characters. However, depending on the needs and facilities of individual libraries and information centers, conventional key- punching and batch mode processing may be quite adequate. In fact, depending on the size of the machine being used, it may be best to leave the data base on caids and to store it in core memory for each run, thus increasing the speed of the search by eliminating the Dr. Charles H. Davis is associate professor, need for auxiliary storage. The University of Michigan School of Li- It should be noted that the program brary Science, Ann Arbor. PEARL An Automated Periodicals Control System

Cecily J. Surace* The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90406

was evident, with over 2,000 active titles PEARL (Periodicals Automation, totaling over 3,000 copies, a large num- Rand Library) was established as an au- ber of inactive holdings, periodicals tomated periodicals control system. Its routed and filed in various end loca- objective is to facilitate the processing, tions, etc., that the library required a routing and control of the library's peri- more sophisticated program which would eliminate or reduce many of the manual odical subscriptions and holdings. The operations and provide for automatic system became operational in Nov 1969. check-in, routing, renewal lists, purchase The manual Kardex System was com- order letters, inventory and binding con- pletely eliminated in Dec 1970. trol, etc., as well as provide the opportunity to introduce more referencejuser- oriented capabilities. Thus in March 1968 the Computer Sci- THERAND CORPORATION LI- ences Department was contacted and a BRARY decided to re-design its peri- system analyst and programmer were as- odicals program when it became appar- signed to work with the library on a ent the Corporation had plans to install new periodicals program. A review of an IBM 360165 computer and the pros- the literature was started, and trips to pects of continued emulation or simula- local libraries with automated periodi- tion of the IBM 1401 Autocoder pro- cals systems were made. The only con- gram, originally written in 1964, were straint was that the proposed system bleak. For several years the program had would operate in a batch mode environ- been run under emulation on the IBM ment. 7044 and no one was eager to continue By August 1968 the basic system ob- work on it. In addition, the old program jectives, requirements, and output for- was very limited in design and was aimed mats were well defined. Data collection primarily at eliminating the monthly began in September 1968 and by Sep- typing of periodicals renewal lists. It tember 1969 over 12,500 lines of data had been keypunched. Since we were able to save most of the data from the 1401 program's master file, the conver- "Any views expressed in this paper are those sion to the new master was completed of the author. They should not be interpreted in September and became operational in as reflecting the views of The Rand Corporation or the official opinion or policy of any of its November 1969 producing the Master governmental or private research sponsors. List, statistical recap sheet, and the re- Cecily Surace is now at Metropolitan Coopera- newal list. The old program had been tive Library System, Pasadena, California 91101. replaced. By March 1970 the new program was PEARL consists of two major pro- generating purchase order letters for grams (an Update and a Print Gener- renewals, as well as additional manage- ator) and two sort programs which are ment control reports. The library also run monthly to produce the output re- was testing the automatic check-in and ports. The Update Program (LB.PS.0310) routing system in parallel with the man- maintains the master file which contains ual Kardex and routing systems. In June about 4,000 variable length records or- the manual routing system was dropped, dered by an alpha-numeric six-character followed by the complete elimination of title code which provides for alphabetic the manual Kardex system in December arrangement. A record consists of a l97O. basic 200-character fixed length portion The library's major objectives had with a varying number of 54-character been achieved in spite of a halt in pro- fixed length informational fields ap- gramming support early in May which pended to it. These fields can be added forced a cut in sails. The binding con- or deleted in entirety or updated indi- trol sub-system and selected reports were vidually. The maximum record length not completed. Fortunately the program- is delineated at 5,000 characters. The mer was able to devote some time to de- Update Program generates the Master bug problem areas as they developed. List, Check-In and Routing Labels, Claims Cards, Error Report, Arrival The PEARL System Programs Data List, Statistics Report, and a Re- port Generator Work File. The PEARL (Periodicals Automation, The program requires approximately Rand Library) System (Figure 1) is writ- 3OOK bytes of core and 408 seconds of ten in PL/l and is now operating on the CPU. There are over 25,000 110's and IBM 360165 OS/MVT The system's ob- operating time is one-half hour. Data are jective is to facilitate the processing, stored on six tapes with disc used as routing, and control of the library's pe- temporary storage units. Supporting sub- riodical subscriptions and holdings. programs include: LB.PS.0110-Detail

Figure 1. Periodicals System c)SECTION

.-2_

SUBSC

ROUTING Sort Program which accepts all punched lists; LB.PS.0710-Semi-Annual Refer- input containing the month's transac- ence List Program which produces an tions and produces a sorted work tape; inventory printout of all library holdings LB.PS.0410-Work File Sort Program in three indexes-alphabetical, subject, which sorts the work tape file records language; LB.PS.09.10-Special reports for appropriate input to the print gen- program which generates various lists: erator program; LB.PS.0510-Print Gen- claims, scrap, cancelled subscription, and erator Program which creates purchase inactive status lists, and a vendor activity order letters, department renewal, peri- report. A brief review of all output re- odicals routing, and receipt notification ports follows:

Figure 2. Periodicals Master List

AOOIOO IIZ+I-VO mzein 12-11 + urwc - NO ns M E*S*6. I LATEST 02 YRS RETAINED 01 R LI. CRR LlIOlItO 8-00 12 IOS H.C. 02 WL YES UD L V13.N3~06-11 AACE WLLE~IM REF FROM AMERlCU ASSOCIAlID* OF COST ENGINEERS

AM160 1 RClO119 1+16250 6-11 6 ACTIVE W YES W ABSTRACTS 1 N1.01-10 01 R SS Ul5IlI 12-00 12 *OS H.C. 99 SIB YES W L MS.01-11 01 R LIB SL A6SBES. SOYIET AN0 EASl EWEAN A8STRACTS SERIES REF FROM SOVIET AND EAST E~PEANusi~~crs sERrcs

A001E1 1 1571-71 0123775 5-72 I2 ACTIVE UIY NO YES W COWUTERS I 10-68 01 N SYSC 4/01/71 15.00 12 WS M.C. 99 SIR YES M EDWATION L VlO.YI.09-ll AEOS WITOR REFWO FROM ASSOCIA1IO)I FOR EDUCATIOYU OAlA SYSTEMS

AWI~ I 1671-11 ou3iis 3-12 + ACTIVE MAIN w YES w 01 R SYSC 4/01/11 10-W 12 W H.C. 99 WL YES W AEOS REF FROM ASSN FOR EDUCATIOUU 0111 SYSTEMS

AW300 12 ACTIVE W VES YI AEROSPACE I VZ.MZ.196a 01 R LIB PRR n.c. 99 w* YES G C V5eN56.05-11 AFHF NEWSLETTER C VS.IU.S.Ob-1I SUPPL TO AERUSPACE MlSTOlLIAN L VS.W.S.06-11

A00300 1 12+1-10 DU291B 12-11 12 ACTIVE NO YES *O AERWUl- I 111.1964 01 R LIB PRR lllOlIl0 1B.00 12 WS H.C. 99 WI YES W AEROSPACE L VB.Nl0.10-71 AlAA WLLElIN REF FIIO(I WICAN ~HSTITUTE OF Amowurics AND ASTLO(UUl1CS

A00000 2 12+1-TO OUZ9ll 12-71 11 AClIVE YES YES W AEROIUUT. I Vl.1963 01 R LIB PRR C1 lllOlIl0 6O.W 12 WS H.C. 99 SUI YES W AEROSPACE L v9.N9.09-17-71 02 R EHGS AIAA JWRNAL FDUELLY ALI JOURNAL V29.1959-V32.1962 FDI*ERLV JET PROPULSlOll V2+.l95tV28.l958 FDAMERLV ARS JWRNU M6.UE 1946-V13r1953

Figure 3. Periodicals Input Error List

TITLt REC CU(0 0 b T A ACT COOL TYPE NU 13~~~~~20~~~25~~~30~~~35~~~40~~~~5~~~50~~~55~~~60~~~657075B0FILE COMMENTS Master List. A monthly alphabetical list all issues not received. in al~habetical of periodicals currently in the Rand order by vendor. Library. (Figure 2) Arrival Data List. Frequency and pattern Error Report. Monthly list of file dis- data used to compute the expected crepancies. (Figure 3) arrival and volume, issue, date, etc. of Check-In and Routing Labels. Monthly periodicals. Available on request. pressure sensitive, t40-~artlabels used Semi-Annual Periodical Reference List. for receipt of an item and its routing. A cross-reference (title, subject, lan- Predicted Arrival Punch Cards. Monthly guage) index of all periodicals held at claim cards which can be input to the Rand. system to indicate non-receipt of an Department Periodicals Routing List. expected item and to create an up- Lists titles in ahhabetical order bv dated claims list. init.iating department. Shows cost and Department Renewal List. Monthly lists secondary routings. df periodicals up for renewal, sorted Cancelled Subscription List. Shows peri- by Rand department responsible For odicals cancelled (not renewed) within initiating the subscriptions. the monthly reporting period. Avail- Subscribtion Renewal Purchase Orders. able on request. Monthly purchase order letters for Inactive Status Listing. Lists all periodi- subscriptions selected to be renewed. cal holdings still in the library, but Receipt Notification List. A monthly list- whose subscriptions are no longer ac- ing of notification of receipt of the first tive. Available on request. issue of a new or renewed subscription. Scrap List. Lists titles and their retention Statistics Report. Monthly report show- period if less than 99 years. Available ing number and types of subscriptions on request. and costs. (Figure 4) Vendor Activity Report. Lists periodicals Claims List. Monthly, cumulative list of and costs by vendor, showing number

Figure 4. Periodicals Statistics

TOTAL hUMBtR OF ITEMS IN MASTER FILE LAST MONTH

TOTAL NUMtitH UF ITEPS IN MASTER FILE THIS MONTH

TOTAL NUMdEK OF ,MY TITLES ADDED THlS MONTH

TOTAL NUMBER JF NEU COPIES ADDED THIS MONTH

TOTAL NUMBtR JF TITLES CANCELLEO THlS MONTH

TOTAL NUMBER UF COPIES CANCELLED THIS MONTH

TOTAL NUMBER OF SEE REFERENCE ITEMS

TOTAL NUMBEK JF ITEMS ON ORDER 3

TOTAL NUMBtR OF ITEMS IN MASTER FILE NO LONGER RECEIVED 708

TOTAL NUMBkK JF TITLES WHICH HAVE CEASED PUBLICATION 310

TCTAL hUNBER UF CHANGES. I.E. TRANSACTIONS. THIS MDNTH = 1466

CURRENT DISTRIBUTIbN OF ACTIVE PERIODICALS BY SUBSCRIPTION CODE:

SUB-TOTAL SUB-TOTAL CLO~ = K 5 M C F E 0 A N IRIO.A.N)IS.MSC.F.EI TOTAL

TITLES = 1376 112 10 12 170 2 89 3 215 1683 306 1989

CCPIEb = 1871 153 22 63 215 2 91 3 220 2185 455 2640

TOTAL PRICt OF ALL IUBSCHIPTICN ITEMS = 66.488.38

TOTAL PRICE. LN Ah ANNUAL BASIS. OF ALL SUBSCRIPTION ITEMS = 61.688.16

TOTAL NUHBER SU6SCRIPTIGN ITEMS ON RENEYAL TAPE THIS MONTH 22

TOTAL PRICt ALL SUdSCRIPTIbN ITEMS (IN RENEYAL TAPE THIS MONTH 950.50 of outstanding claims. Available on re- analyst suggested using a double column quest. of pressure-sensitive labels with pre- printed identification and routing data. All of the reports listed are new to the This approach, which appeared to satisfy library except for the Department Re- all the objectives (the concept of nega- newal, Statistics, and Semi-Annual Peri- tive reporting, elimination of daily han- odical Reference lists. dling of claims cards, and the merging The remainder of this paper will dis- of check-in and routing steps in one op- cuss some unique aspects of PEARL eration) was ultimately adopted. which have not been seen in the litera- At the beginning of each month the ture on periodical control systems. program produces routing labels, stubs, and a corresponding batch of pre- Automatic Check-In and punched claims cards for the issues ex- Routing System pected to arrive during that month. The stubs and their routingY* labels are in al- Several considerations influenced the phabetical order by title code. Each stub design of the automatic check-in system, carries the title code, title, volume, issue, the principal factor being the desire to part number, etc., and copy number, and avoid handling large numbers of is the portion which is matched against punched claims cards which were charac- the incoming item. When a match is teristic of most of the automated (batch) made, the routing label is pulled and periodicals control systems reviewed.* affixed to the issue. At the end of the These systems were based on positive month, the claims cards corresponding notification to the program of receipt of to the stubs with routing labels remain- an issue-hence the need for pre- ing, are pulled and input to the program punched cards showing the volume, is- along with other transactions for the sue, and date of the periodicals expected month. These cards represent items not to arrive in a given period. received, and the program will so record The position taken by the Rand Li- them, and enter the missing issues on the brary was that since most periodicals monthly Master List with a "C" indicat- have a regular frequency of publication, ing they are claim items. At the same and since most are received in the ex- time a claims list will be printed includ- pected arrival time, it would be simpler ing the latest not-received items. The to notify the program of non-receipt of stubs and routing labels will be repeated a periodical. To effect this, the system on the next monthly labels run, along analyst suggested the concept of nega- with the new expected arrivals; a com- tive reporting, i.e., a periodicals holdings plete set of claims cards will be produced. record of the last issue received would Cards for the previous month are dis- be updated automatically to reflect the carded after the claims cards for not-re- latest issue received, unless a claims ceived items are pulled. card was input indicating non-receipt of The heart of the Automatic Check-In the item. and Routing System is the series of algo- Once this concept was agreed upon, rithms used to predict the expected ar- the alternatives to handling punch cards rival period, and the correct volume, is- were studied. It was felt card files were sue and part number, date, etc. of each slow to process and an alternate means periodical. PEARL'S algorithms are based had to be provided for identifying the on the frequency and pattern of publi- periodicals which did not arrive. A printed listing of expected arrivals would suffice, if appropriately marked, but this *+Although the program permits routing to left routing of periodicals as a separate individuals as well as departments, most of the routing is to Department Control Centers where operation. At this point the system subsequent routing to individuals occurs. The impact of undertaking all individual routing has * Refer to Selected References at end of paper. not been investigated. SEPTEMBER1972 cation, and the initial, and latest, issue List for all "X's" in the IRG (Irregular) received. Data collected for analysis was column, and then check the Master List derived from the manual Kardex file and for latest holdings. This is acceptable be- in some cases perusal of the periodicals. cause the titles involved are mostly for- This data is still being refined, based on eign language, especially Russian, and experience with the program. Seventeen our experience in claiming has been very Default Patterns or algorithms determine poor. If this procedure should prove diffi- the arrival prediction information. cult we can revert to a Kardex for these If the predicted information is incor- titles, and the system will print labels rect, the correct data are entered in red directing the checker to the Kardex for on the stub. At the end of the month entry. these data are entered on a transmittal form, and if necessary are also checked Data Elements against the Arrival Data List to determine if the Default Pattern requires ad- The Periodicals Input Sheet (Figure justment. If an item arrives earlier than 5) shows the data elements and illustrates expected, the receipt is entered on a in abbreviated form the various transmit- transmittal form, and a manual routing tals used. The data elements shown are slip is prepared. self-explanatory. The codes are defined Our experience indicates that 300 to in a list of transmittal codes. Of some 350 claims cards are pulled each month, interest may be the transliterate code representing less than 3y0 of the total which eliminates the need to write the file. While a large number of claims cards transliterated title on the covers of non- are discarded monthly, the benefit from Roman alphabet periodicals, e.g., Rus- faster processing, the ability to scan the sian and Chinese. If "Y" is entered on labels quickly, and the elimination of a the appropriate transmittal form, the separate routing process more than com- program will produce an extra label con- pensates for this "waste" of cards. taining the transliterated title which is In those cases where the expected ar- affixed to the periodical upon receipt, rival cannot be predicted, labels are pro- and used to assist in identification and duced showing only the title code, title, shelving of the issue. copy number, and routing. When the Also bf some interest may be the stub item arrives, the pertinent control data and routing label codes which appear, (volume, issue, date of receipt, publica- as required, on the stubs and in some tion date, etc.) is written in red on the cases, labels. These codes alert the pe- stub, and the routing label is pulled. At riodicals workroom staff to specific con- the end of the month, the control data ditions or actions to be taken, e.g., CA are entered on a transmittal form for on a stub indicates the label has been keypunch to update the holdings on the reprinted for a delinquent issue; TR Master File. There is no automatic up- indicates there is a transliterated title dating of these titles as they are updated label to be affixed to the periodical. via positive reporting of receipt. How- Other codes such as CI, NR and CL as- ever, the history of the dates of receipt sist the shelvers and appear on both parts can be maintained in the data base and of the label. updated for future use in determining if a prediction schedule for label produc- Cross-References and Notes tion is possible. Currently there are 260 out of 2,407 A useful capability of PEARL is the titles (1 1%) whose arrival or publication provision for entering cross-references pattern cannot be predicted. The library and notes for display in the Master List has accepted the fact that without a man- and Semi-Annual Reference List.* The ual Kardex to alert to the non-receipt of old program had essentially no cross-ref- these titles, the only way to determine non-receipt is to review the Arrival Data * Notes are displayed in the Master List only. SPECIALLIBRARIES TITLtCODE kTy{ PERIODICALS INPUT SHEET ME T,T, c

ROUTING

WPIIRP.YASF nnnrn

Figure 5. Periodicals Input Sheet erence capability, and the user was con- The notes capability was designed to fused because there was no easy way to assist the periodicals workroom staff and determine when a periodical had changed provide the reference librarians with the title-all holdings for the periodical, re- opportunity to enter pertinent informa- gardless of title changes, were listed as a tion relative to a title. The notes may be unit under the latest title. To obtain an used to alert the staff to an action, e.g., accurate history, the user had to look "Subscription Sent Direct," or "Staple under earlier titles. This situation was Pages Together," or "Prior to 1965 Stored compounded by a change in title shelving at Main Street." Other uses may be to in 1968 when it was decided periodicals indicate the source of the exchange title, should be filed by their original titles the professional association responsible and not physically shifted to reflect a for the publication, the fact the title is title change. received as a supplement, etc. In PEARL, cross-references for title In designing the cross-reference capa- changes or mergers provide a way of bility the library hoped it would be pos- illustrating all previous titles and hold- sible to include automatic deletion of ings under the current title (Figure 2). reciprocal cross-references when a title If a periodical has undergone several was deleted. Unfortunately this was not title changes, the history of these changes possible due to the cutback in program- and the Library's holdings are reflected ming support and the detailed coding in stages under each new title up to the required. As a result, when a title is to current title which reflects all previous be deleted, it is necessary to review the history. The program permits uh to ten Master List to determine if a cross-refer- lines of cross-references, and ten lines of ence structure exists and to take the ap- notes per title. propriate action to correct the file. Cost Information Lessons Learned As is well known, it is difficult to pro- If we had it to do over again, there vide meaningful or comparative cost are several changes we would make. For data. heref fore the very general figures example, although we specifically con- presented are offered to assuage the reader sidered the user and his needs, PEARL who will feel he has missed something- if is still more oriented to assisting the pe- costs are omitted. riodicals staff. The Master List display The library's costs are estimated at may confuse the occasional user. perhaps $3,800.00 of which $2,200.00 represent two masters should be produced-one for system formulation costs and the remain- the staff and one for the user. Or the der data origination. The Computer Sci- Semi-Annual Reference List should be ences Department's costs were approxi- expanded and issued more frequently. mately $21,000 for labor and $4,000 to The routing program would be rede- $5,000 for machine costs including key- signed to changes and deletions punch. The machine costs, however, in- without having to re-input all the rout- clude some production costs and not just ing data for a copy. This problem is tlevelop~nent costs. All labor costs ex- akravatetl when a title code must be clude overhead or fringe. The monthly changed-all the data must be re-input. recurring costs are approximately $70.00 Fortunately this occurs uery infrequently. for keypunch and $100.00 for one-half It would be useful to have the capabil- hour of block computer time. ity to list all items routed to an individual or department when they are not the primary recipient. The only capabil- Summary ity now is a prime departmental routing Before reviewing some of the lessons list. There is no capability to produce a learned, it may be useful to list some of routing list by indiiidual nam's. the benefits derived from PEARL, with- Another desirable capability, and one out elaborating on their full impact. which could not be completed because of These benefits include elimination of the lack of programming -support, is the Kardex through automatic posting of re- automatic generation of claims letters or ceipt of items, a Master List which shows postcards. It would also be useful to complete holdings to date, end filing lo- complete the binding sub-program. cation for periodicals, a claims list which Finally, a thorn in our sides which is provides faster claims response, automatic irritating but can be lived with, is the routing, cross references, automatic pro- fact that-a claim item shown in the Mas- duction of purchase order letters for re- ter List will also appear as the last issue newals, automatic notification to Pur- received if no subsequent issue has been chasing of receipt of the first issue of a received. new or renewed subscription, departmental routing and cost data, cancelled, inactive and scrap lists, and improved Acknowledgments statistics reporting to improve control, The author would like to express her ap- etc. There are other benefits, but one preciation to A1 MacInnes, System Analyst, which should not be overlooked is the Virgil Wood, Programmer, and members of improved morale of the periodicals work- the Rand Library staff, especially Sheila room staff. Their job has been made Thornton and Anne Beggin, for their com- more interesting through increased job men ts on this paper. responsibility and decision-making. They receive information from PEARL on a faster basis than the manual system, and Selected References must respond faster. In addition, they 1. Pizer, Irwin H., et al. / Mechanization of have been relieved of a lot of dull, rou- Library Procedures in the Medium-Sized tine work. Medical Library: I. The Serial Record. Medical Library Association Bulletin 51: 11. Texas A&M University / Private Commu- p.313-338 (Jul 1963). nication. 1968. 2. University of California. San Diego / Utilizes an 80 column card with 960 col- Serials Computer Report. Final Report. umns of printed data as the arrival card. May 1964. 12. Roper, Fred W. / A Computer-Based Se- Uses pre-punched arrival cards to update rials Control System for a Large Biomed- holdings. ical Library. American Documentation 3. Srygley, Ted F. / Serials Record Instruc- 19: p.151-157 (Apr 1968). tions for a Computerized Serial System. Uses arrival check-in cards based, on Library Resources and Technical Seru- elapsed time prediction to update hold- ices 8 (no.3): p.248-256 (Summer 1964). ings. 4. Bishop, David, et al. / Publication Pat- 13. Fayollat, Jim and Luck, Don / Summary terns of Scientific Serials. American Docu- Report on the UCLA Biomedical Library mentation 16: p.113-121 (Apr 1965). Control System for Serials. Oct 1968. 12p. 5. University of Illinois. Library Automa- 14. Opstrup, Shirley B. and Klein, Ann S. / tion Project. / A Synopsis of an Auto- Journal Control System at Oak Ridge mated Library Serials System Plus Zn- National Laboratory. Jan 1969. 57p. structions for Coding. Appendix 11. Jul (ORNL-4314). 1965. 38p. Uses arrival check-in cards to update Uses pre-punched arrival cards to update holdings. holdings. 15. Grosch, Audrey N. / University of Min- 6. Eyrnan, Eleanor G., et al. / Periodicals nesota Bio-Medical Library Serials Sys- Automation at Miami-Dade Junior Col- tem. Special Libraries 60 (no.6): p.349- lege. Library Resources and Technical 360 (Jul-Aug 1969). Services 10 (no.3): p.341-361 (Summer Uses check-in list which is keypunched 1966). daily for updating of holdings. Uses edge-punch cards, but no predic- 16. Bosseau, Don L. / The University of tion arrival data. Cards include routing California at San Diego Serials System- and shelving information. Revisited. Program 4 (no.1): p.l-29 (Jan 7. Stewart, Bruce W. / Data Processing in 1970). an Academic Library. Wilson Library ~eflectschanges in UCSD's periodicals Bulletin 41: p.388-395 (Dec 1966). system, including the use of an arrival Plans were to use arrival cards to update check-in list with subsequent pulling of holdings in the Texas A&M University arrival cards to update holdings. Library. 17. Lasich, Bernard J. Dow Chemical Com- 8. Lebowitz, Abraham I. / The AEC Library pany / Private Communication. Jan 5, Serial Record: A Study in Library Mech- 1971. anization. Special Libraries 58: p.154-159 Punch cards based on predicted lag time. (Mar 1967). Receipt of journal is recorded on card IJses arrival cards to update holdings. and used to update monthly holdings list. 9. Hammer, Donald P. / Private Commu- nication. Dec 8, 1967. Check-in system will "not use the arrival Receiued for reuiew Mav 18.1971. Manu- card method, but will use printouts in- script accepted for publicaiion Nov 30, stead." 1971. 10. New York State Library Periodicals Con- trol System. Unpublished report. 1968? Weekly check-in lists. Arrival data are Cecily J. Surace is system coordinator, then put into machine-readable form to Metropolitan Cooperative Library System, update holdings. Pasadena, California. Current Reference Materials For the Physical Sciences

Raphaella Kingsbury

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720

dawn of civilization, and the Greeks are Reference materials necessary in a col- still contributing their "words for it," as lection pertaining to the physical sciences well as their Greek letters. The fact is are listed within broad categories. De- that we feel the pressure of progress because of increased publication and speed scription of each title accompanies its of communication and travel. This is our listing. problem: to provide guides for the published literature, data sources, personal contacts, language problems, and meeting of minds. TOPURSUE current developments in As practicing librarians in the scien- reference materials for physical science, tific community, you need to know the it is essential first to determine what are practical reference material that will fur- the Physical Sciences and what guides are nish answers to the library users. The re- needed for Physical Scientists. According cent titles listed here are discussed within to a survey made by the National Science broad categories. The titles are fit into Foundation a few years ago, the fields of the categories, with emphasis on appli- science numbered 620. However, scien- cations. tific territory has always been divided into four major domains: Mathematics Guides to Sources and Literature (for relationships of numbers, shapes and logic symbols); Physical Sciences (for The International Compendium on study of inanimate constituents of the Numerical Projects (I) is a most valuable universe); Biological Sciences (for study guide produced by CODATA (Commit- of living matter); and Social Sciences (for tee on Data for Science and Technology) study of human conduct and relation- established in 1966 by the International ships). Each of these provinces is con- Council of Scientific Unions to make a stantly being divided and subdivided world-wide survey and coordinate the into smaller communities for specialized findings. This is the result. The centers research; streams of thought and discov- are arranged by country of origin and ery flow from one area to another. There then by subject area of the data. For are no boundaries or restrictions; and, each data center are given: a complete while each small area autonomously en- history of the project, the coverage, and gages in independent exploration, it availability of the data. National Data gives and receives support in other re- Programs of several countries are de- gions. Therefore, we cannot speak of any scribed, as well as centers covering a large scientific area without considering number of areas and even secondary cen- the whole cooperative universe of science. ters. Also listed are Handbooks and-other In our age we are aware of a tremen- sources of tabular data. Good indexes dous expansion of science; but scientific provide access points to all information. observations have been made since the With such a guide available, science librarians can well equip both their li- standing on your shelves. There are braries and patrons with books and an- bound to be overlapping and duplication swers. This compendium will be updated in such listings, but one cannot always be within the next few years but is valuable sure "whence cometh help." in the present edition. Directory of Federally Supported In- The Handlist of Basic Reference Ma- formation Analysis Centers (5), issued by terial for Librarians and Information the Federal Council for Science and Oficers in Electrical and Electronic En- Technology, is an alphabetical listing of gineering (Z), compiled by E. M. Codlin selected data centers with full informa- and R. S. Lawrie, is one of the best bib- tion as to address, telephone number, liographies of the basic needs of an elec- director, sponsor, mission, scope and serv- tronics library and, incidentally, a good ices provided. Indexes by operation cen- example of what a bibliography should ters, geographic location, organization include. It was issued by the Aslib Elec- and subject add to the usefulness. tronics Group. Directory of the Defense Documenta- Literature of Chemical Technology (3), tion Center. Referral Data Bank (6), a issued by the American Chemical Society, computer-produced publication, lists gov- is an excellent guide in chemistry. Origi- ernment-supported agencies with indexes nally based on papers presented at two by activity, contact and subject. ACS Division of Chemical Literature To locate and identify research organi- symposia in 1963, this book contains all zations in other countries, one usually papers updated to include references starts with the World of Learning, as an through 1967, as well as additional pa- old basic reference aid and, for the nu- pers. The work is authoritative, each clear sciences, the World Nuclear Direc- chapter being contributed by a special- tory, now in a 4th edition (1970). But ist, and the total coverage being exhaus- these have their limitations and we must tive for industrial chemistry. For exam- often look elsewhere. ple, some of the subjects covered in the European Research Index (7) in two 40 chapters are: refractories, industrial volumes is a much needed directory. The gases, ceramics and glass, pharmaceutical arrangement is alphabetical by country with an alphabetical listing of research and medicinal chemistrv.,, cosmetics. All bibliographies are extensive. centers and universities under each country. Each entry includes the name in the Directories original language with translation, address, and directors of each research de- Directories also serve as Guides by di- partment. At the end of volume 2 are in- recting the librarian to special sources of dexes by original title, English name, information. For example, many ques- subject and keywords. USSR is not in- tions of scientists, teachers and research- cluded but other iron curtains are drawn. ers can best be answered by specialized International Physics and Astronomy information and data centers which can Directory (8) and international Chemis- be located through a Directory. try Directory (9), produced by the W. A. Encyclopedia of Information Systems Benjamin Company, are invaluable con- and Services (4), compiled by A. T. tributions in this category. A handy sized, Kruzas and others, published in 1971, is readable book, each directory is interna- a directory of information systems and tional in scope, including faculties of ac- services in the United States and Canada. credited universities; government re- The basic part of the book lists and de- search laboratories; societies; awards; scribes 833 organizations that maintain publications; etc. For each institution and provide such services; and 12 indexes are given: address, telephone number, and a dictionary section provide access members of the faculty and even the to the contents. This is an excellent addi- name of the librarian. For each faculty tion to the directory section, but other member are given the birthdate, highest directories can also serve a purpose by degree received with date, field of research and interest. The indexes include Sax, Irving. Dangerous Properties of an alphabetical listing by names of fac- Industrial Materials (12) is not a CRC ulty members and a geographical index. publication as the previously mentioned, Directories of individuals, of course, but it is also a quick, concise, up-to-date are membership lists of societies, such as source of hazard analysis information. the American Physical Society Bulletin The latest edition includes a section on issue each year devoted to membership. control of environmental pollution. The These lists give names and current ad- section on general chemicals is an alpha- dresses; but the reference librarian betical listing of chemicals with descrip- knows that the current affiliation of a tion, formula and hazard analysis of tox- scientist is best found through a pub- icity, cautions and countermeasures for lished article, and it is, therefore, neces- each. sary to use journal indexes to locate the article which will yield the needed in- Indexes and Abstracts formation and often a biographical sketch of the author as a bonus. Indexes are essentially the key to published literature, and of special signifi- Handbooks cance in the field of science because of the diversity of form in which the ma- There are useful handbooks on everv terial is issued. Contrary to public opin- subject, and in the physical sciences the ion, conditioned by early exposure to the Chemical Rubber Company has stretched Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, itself to the utmost, its most useful and these indexes cover all published mate- famous publication being the Handbook rial, not just journals. of Physics and Chemistry, without which Science Abstracts, published since 1898 no science librarv has functioned. An primarily for journal articles, has now a equally valuable reference, the Ameri- split personality, functioning with three can Institute of Physics Handbook ap- faces: Series A, Physics Abstracts; Series peared in a third edition at the end of B, Electrical and Electronic Abstracts; 197 1, published by McGraw-Hill at and in 1966, Series C, Computer and $35.00. Control Abstracts (13). These indexes In the following discussion only those now include bibliographies, books, con- handbooks that pertain to safety are ference proceedings, theses, research re- mentioned, since that has always been of ports, and patents, as well as journal importance to research and industry even articles. before the public became aware of the Nuclear Science Abstracts (14), a war environment in which it existed. baby, has grown into the most compre- Handbook of Radioactiue Nuclides hensive reference tool for all aspects of (10) presents authentic information on nuclear science. Here again one has to nuclear data, essential physics data, nu- overcome the idea that only so-called clear instrumentation, radiation dosime- documents or research reports are in- try, biochemistry, radionuclides for both dexed in this. The abstract service covers medical and industrial applications, radi- all published literature throughout the ation protection and regulations, and world, and the five-year cumulative in- control of radiation injury. dexes by author, issuing agency, and sub- Handbook of Laboratory Safety (11) ject are invaluable. The cumulative re- is intended to provide convenient infor- port number index makes it possible not mation for hazard recognition and con- only to locate the original abstract but trol. The contents include material on also to determine the availability or pub- safety management and protective equip- lication of the reports. I mention this ment, ventilation, fire hazards, chemical older index because of a new service since reactions, and a section each on toxic, 1966 in the form of NSA tapes which fa- radiation, electrical, mechanical and bio- cilitate the retrieval of items, in advance logical hazards. of publication of current NSA issues. In 1961 a unique index came into Scientific Conferences focus, Science Citation Index (15), a computer-produced, inter-disciplinary index Since science information is exchanged to journal literature with the citation as at national and international meetings the point of departure. Incidentally, this and the prestige of scientists is estab- index is primarily for journal articles, lished with papers presented, the scien- but the method is unusual in science. tific public is interested in two aspects: Citation indexing in itself is not a new 1) when and where is a conference to be idea; Shepard's Citations has been a legal held, and 2) have the proceedings been reference tool since 1873, and the legal published. In section H of the bibliogra- profession uses citations to establish prece- phy (UCRL-20256) this is discussed in dents. But the citation approach in sci- some detail, but here are mentioned a ence is used to find related material, the few titles. assumption being that any author who or meetings to be held in the scien- cites another author is writing about the tific, medical and technical fields the Spe- same or related subject. Any inquiry cial Libraries Association pioneered in from the publisher will bring complete 1957 with Scientific Meetings (18). The information in a brochure or even a rep- SLA publication appears quarterly and resentative of the firm. includes national, regional, international And now we turn to Chemical Ab- and university conferences, symposia and stracts without which no science library institutes. lnformation can be found could function, In addition to the tre- through: an alphabetical directory of mendous improvement of service, there sponsoring organizations; alphabetical is this recent contribution which is inval- listingof meetings; subject index with key- uable in any type of library: words; geographical index; and entries Chemical Abstracts Service Source Zn- on short courses. This excellent reference dex (CASSZ) (16), formerly called AC- tool may be supplemented by the "twin" CESS when it first appeared in 1969 as a publications: World Meetings: United cumulated hard-bound volume to replace States and Canada (19a) and World Meet- the previous lists of periodicals abstracted ings Outside United States and Canada in Chemical Abstracts, provides not only (19b). Each issue is a two-year registry of a complete listing of all material indexed conferences, arranged in quarterly group- in CA but also serves as a union list of ings, and for each entry complete infor- periodicals, conferences and books. In mation is given as to name of meeting, other words, the user can not only iden- place, date, sponsor, deadlines for papers, tify a citation but also determine under contact for general information, and what title the material will be listed in a even anticipated publication of proceed- library and also locate a library where ings. There are indexes by date of meet- the journal or book is held. To identify ing, .keyword, deadline, location, and serials, CASSI is easier to use than the sponsor. Of particular interest to metal- Union List of Serials and New Serial lurgical and chemical specialists is the Titles, because the titles are listed ex- World Calendar of Forthcoming Meet- actly as the citation reads and then ings: Metallurgical and Related Fields "translated" into the standard library en- (20) which is a completely chronological try. listing of conferences with full informa- As a postscript to this section on In- tion and indexes to subjects, sponsors dexes, I wish to mention briefly the vari- and locations. This is sometimes a quicker ous services provided through computer reference than the others but for the applications. These may often seem limited areas. costly but save time, energy and actually For published proceedings the two the cost of manual searching. As a guide outstanding references are: Proceedings to such services, Kenneth Carroll's Survey in Print (21) and the Directory of Pub- of Scientific-Technical Tape Service (17) lished Proceedings (22), referred to as is invaluable. ZnterDok. Both publications cover extensive territory both in subject and lo- A second edition is planned for publica- cation and, although there is overlap- tion at the end of 1972. ping, both are useful. Proceedings in Consolidated Index of Translations Prznt is arranged by accession numbers into English (26) is a compilation, purely with a single alphabetical index that in- by source, of all translations made cludes corporate authors, sponsoring through 1966. Despite many weaknesses agencies, editors and keywords. The in- and omissions, unavoidable in such a formation is accurate, but there is no tremendous undertaking, this single vol- geographic approach. InterDok has a ume is a convenient key to translations chronological arrangement which makes of journal articles and patents that may quick checking possible; and, in addition be ordered from translation centers. Al- to the main index which includes key- though an SLA publication, this volume words, conference names and sponsors, is supplemented by a current serial is- there are separate indexes by editor and sued by the National Translations Center location. The last index is particularly which is no longer a part of SLA but of hel~ful.With InterDok the individual the John Crerar Library. This essential issues are superseded by annual cumula- serial is known as Translations Register- tions; whereas with Proceeding in Print Index (27) and is also an index by sources the index or ti on is cumulated annually. of currently available translations. International Atomic Energy Agency, Government-sponsored translations are Meetings on Atomic Energy (23) and the listed by author, subject and translation Index to Conferences Relating to Nu- report number in such indexes as Nu- clear Science (24), issued by the AEC, are clear Science Abstracts, NASA Scientific not limited to the nuclear field unless one and Technical Aerospace Reports, and understands nuclear science in. its broad- Government Reports Index. Translated est sense. These indexes have many un- books, of course, are included in the Na- usual features. The IAEA publication in- tional Union Catalog and in publishers' cludes announcements of meetings, semi- announcements. nars, courses and conferences as well as listing published proceedings. The Conclusion USAEC publication also includes both unpublished and published proceedings, There is never a last word in the li- being in effect an index to entries in NU- brary world, especially in reference work. clear Science Abstracts. Meetings can be True interlibrary cooperation is realized identified through permuted indexes by not just by interlibrary loan but also in keywords, subjects, cities, and report interlibrarian service. numbers. Literature Cited Translations 1. International Council of Scientific Unions. Committee on Data for Science Since the American scientist is not and Technology. International Compen- often a multilingual creature, it is neces- dium on Numerical Data Projects; A Sur- sary for the librarian to know about vey and Analysis. New York: Springer- translated material in the hope of pro- Verlag, 1969. 295p. $13.20 ducing instant translations for the re- 2. Codlin, Ellen M. and Lawrie, Robert S., quester without subjecting his organiza- comps. Handlist of Basic Reference Ma- tion to the expense of translations-made- terial for Librarians and Information Of- to-order. ficers in Electrical and Electronic Engi- neering. 5th issue rev. London: ASLIB Guide to Scientific and Technical Electronics Group, 1969. 50p. $2.50 Journals in Translation (25) by Carl J. (members); $3.50 (nonmembers) Himmelsbach and Grace E. Boyd is an 3. Literature of Chemical Technology. excellent compilation of cover-to-cover Washington, D.C.: American Chemical translations of journals. This is a first Society, 1968. 732p. (Advances in Chem- check point for an existing translation. istry Series no.78) $1 7.50 Kruzas, Anthony T. et al., ed. Encyclo- 19a World Meetings: United States and Can- pedia of Information Systems and Serv- ada. v.1, no. 1, Sep 1963- New York: ices. 1st ed. Ann Arbor, Edwards Bros., CCM Information Corp. quarterly. $35.00 1971. 1109p. $55.00 19b World Meetings Outside U.S.A. and Can- U.S. Federal Council for Science and ada. v.1, no.1, Jan 1968- New York: Technology. Committee on Scientific and CCM Information Corp. quarterly. $35.00 Technical Information. Directory of Fed- 20. World Calendar for Forthcoming Meet- erally Supported Information Analysis ings: Metallurgy and Related Fields. Centers. Jan 1970. (COSATI-70-1; PB-189 London: Iron and Steel Institute. 6 cum. 300) $3.00 issues per year. £7.50~. U.S. Defense Documentation Center. Di- 21. Proceedings in Print. v.1, no.1, Oct 1964- rectory of the Defense Documentation Matapan, Mass. bimonthly. $20.00 Center. Referral Data Bank. Washington, 22. Directory of Published Proceedings. v.1, D.C. 1970. 182p. (Available from NTIS Sep 1965- White Plains, N.Y.: InterDok as AD-712 800) $3.00 Corp. monthly except Jul and Aug; an- European Research Index: A Guide to nual cumulation. $38.00 European Research Including Medicine. 23. International Atomic Energy Agency. Agriculture and Engineering. 2d ed. Meetings on Atomic Energy. v.1, no.1, Guernsey; F. Hodgson, 1968. 2v. $60.00 Jan 1969- Vienna: IAEA. quarterly. International Physics and Astronomy Di- $3.00 rectory. 1st ed. 1969170. New York: W. A. 24. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Div. of Benjamin, 1959. $35.00 Tech. Information Extension. Index to International Chemistry Directory, I9691 Conferences Relating to Nuclear Science. 70. 1st ed. New York: W. A. Benjamin, Jul 1966. (Available from NTIS as TID- 1969. 11l lp. $35.00 4043 (rev.3) ) Handbook of Radioactive Nuclides, ed. Jan 197 1. (TID-4044) by Yan Wang. Cleveland: Chemical Rub- 25. Himmelsbach, C. J. and Boyd, G. E. A ber Co., 1969. 960p. $27.50 Guide to Scientific and Technical Jour- CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety. nals in Translation. New York: SLA, 2nd ed. Cleveland: Chemical Rubber Co., 1968. 47p. $4.50 paper. op 1970. 756p. $24.50 26. National Translations Center, John Cre- Sax, N. Irving. Dangerous Properties of rar Library, Chicago. Consolidated Index Industrial Materials. 3rd ed. New York: of Translations into English. New York: Reinhold, 1968. 1251p. $35.00 SLA, 1969. 94813. $19.50. Computer and Control Abstracts. (Sci- 27. Translations Register-Index. v.1-v.4, Jun ence Abstracts Series C). v.1, June 1966- 15, 1967-Dec 31, 1970. New York, SLA London, IEE. Monthly (available to- v.4-, Jan 1971- Chicago, National Trans- gether with subscription to Electrical lations Center, 1967- semimonthly (with and Electronics Abstracts from IEEE for quarterly, semiannual and annual in- $252.00) dexes) $50.00 per year. Nuclear Science Abstracts. USAEC Div. of Tech. Information. Semimonthly. Washington, D.C., GPO. $42.00 per year; Received for review Sep 9, 1971. Manu- gratis to AEC offices and contractors. script accepted for publication May 30, Science Citation Index, 1961- Philadel- 1972. Based on the paper presented at phia: Inst. for Scientific Information, the Continuing Education Seminar, Jun 1961- quarterly with annual cumulation. 10, 1971, during SLA's 62nd Annual $1250 to hospitals; $1950 to others. Conference in Sun Francisco. Annotated Chemical Abstracts Service Index (for- bibliographies were distributed at the merly ACCESS) Columbus: Chemical Ab- presentation; the bibliography for this stracts Service, 1969. 1370p. $100.00 paper, issued by the Lawrence Berkeley Quarterly [supplement] $75.00 per Laboratory as UCRL-20256 Part 11, may year Carroll, Kenneth D. Survey of Scientific- be obtained from the author on request. Technical Tape Services. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1970. 64p. Raphaella Kingsbury is head reference li- (AIP ID 70-3). free brarian, technical library, Lawrence Berke- Scientific Meetings. v.1, 1957- New York: ley Laboratory, University of California, SLA. Quarterly. $17.50 per year Berkeley. Overseas Report

Design for Future Service in a Developing Country

Fred J. Harsaghy, Jr.

York College, Jamaica, New York 11432

The development-literally from troleum, natural gas, petrochemical, and nothing-of a collegiate library in Saudi other mineral resources of Saudi Arabia; Arabia during its initial four-year period and 2) Technological needs to bridge the (1965/1969), as an integral part of Phase "generations gap" between the desert I of an overall, 20-year futuristic Master pastoral life of the nomadic bedouin- Plan for campus development is de- practically unchanged since the days of scribed. The "special" design character- Christ-and the futuristic world of com- istics rested on two important founda- puter technology evolving today. This is tion points: 1) Educational needs of the a success story of special training and in- developing country to train specialists formation management under the Saudi and managers who would be the instru- National Government at the College of mental "keys" to the exploitation of pe- Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran.

INSEPTEMBER 1969, when the au- significant beginning in the develop- thor was departing from Dhahran after ment of reference and research resources living in Saudi Arabia for about 8% around which the academic curricula re- years, four of which were with the Col- volve. Still, this is merely a beginning! lege of Petroleum & Minerals, he wrote The potential for future development as part of a "Farewell to Arabia" (I) has no bounds. The social implications letter sent to many Saudi friends the fol- are manifold. Already a new library lowing statement: building is being planned for construc- "Today . . . a very sizeable reference tion in a few years, as part of the Master and circulation library is functioning. Campus Plan, Stage 11." The CPM Library contains over 20,000 ~n'anotherpo&on of the same fare- books, monographs, and reports; over well letter, the author also wrote (2): "As 100,000 issues of professional journals, of January, 1966, the present location of technical magazines, and other types of the College Library was nothing more periodicals representing some 1,000-odd than an empty room of very large dimen- titles. It also contains substantial num- sions. Then, we often were chided by bers of college and university, publishers' students about the promises they had re- and book dealers', and vendors' catalogs, ceived concerned with a library (non- in addition to over 10,000 pieces of verti- existent) and books (most difficult even cal file ephemeral materials, charts, maps, to find a few)! But one should remember technical data sheets, educational pam- that the College was officially dedicated phlets, etc. All of this adds up to a very and opened leis than a year before, with appropriate ceremonies featuring a speech tain specialized subject-area projects such by King Faysal himself." as graduate geological training. The initial developmental problems of Background the College Library included the usual lack of properly trained personnel, and The conceptual "design for future in sufficient numbers, plus certain special service" that underlined the fundamental problems involved in publications pro- objectives of the CPM Library adminis- curement. The time lags for boat mail tration actually was an extension of the deliveries usually were six months or foresight and futuristic planning for longer after the formal placement of or- higher education in specialized curricula ders. Outmoded procedures in Customs of a small handful of Americans and clearances added considerable amounts Saudis who were working for the Arabian of extra costs and further time lags. Ex- American Oil Company (Aramco), in the tremely poor utilization of library mate- General Office Training Department, rials by the students generally was an- and for the Saudi Ministry of Petroleum other serious problem, probably because and Minexal Resources. Dr. Robert King most of the secondary schools in Saudi Hall, formerly a professor of education at Arabia had very poor or totally nonex- Columbia University, New York, held istent library facilities. Overdependence the position of Director of Training at on textbooks alone was the rule. Conse- Aramco for a number of years during the quently, a library utilization course re- 1950's. He became consultant and Senior quired for all freshmen was instituted. Advisor to the Saudi Petroleum Ministry Close coordination was maintained with in 1964, and subsequently, to the Petro- the academic departments, with the leum College in Dhahran. He has often course content geared to the various cur- been described as the "architect" of the ricula. Nevertheless, despite many "grow- 20-year Campus Master Plan, even though ing pains" and administrative problems the stateside architectural firm of Cau- during the first year or so, a considerable dill, Rowlett & Scott actually were re- amount of progress could be recorded. sponsible for the engineering plans and drawings. In the Spring of 1965, Dr. Hall The Library's Development projected the student enrollment for the Policy and procedural issues were renew College in the following terms: solved; library rules and regulations for 1965/66 ...... 160 circulation and reference control were is- 1970 ...... 830 sued (see Appendix); and a procurement 1975 ...... 1,500-1,800 system was instituted. By May 1967, the 1985 ...... 2,800 total library enrollment-covering regular and special students, faculty, adminis- Despite political and economic disrup- tration, and staff-had passed the 300 tions in the Middle East during the past mark. The Library remained open seven several years, his forecasts have shown days each week, a total of 94 hours per considerable validity; and Stage I1 of the week. Technical processing of books and Master Plan is proceeding on schedule, other library materials moved ahead with with major construction in progress. An- success, at an extremely good rate. The other former Aramcon and presently basic and special collections were grow- Dean of Sciences & Educational Services ing rapidly. Initial planning for automa- at CPM, Dr. Harry R. Snyder, also has tion and computer controls, as part of been dedicated to the furtherance of this the overall College Master Plan, was major university project. They have been started. A continuous professional liaison supported by H. E. Sheik Ahmed Zaki between the College Library and the Yamani, the Minister of Petroleum and Aramco Central Technical Library Sys- Mineral Resources, the Aramco Manage- tem also was established to make avail- ment, and to a lesser extent by Unesco, able the reference and research resources which organization had emphasized cer- in the Aramco facilities. The excellent relations that existed sional assistant librarian. At that time, between Aramco and the College Library the regular staff consisted of one profes- resulted in many advantages to CPM. sional librarian, six library assistants, During the four-year developmental pe- and thirteen part-time student assistants riod, the Library received over $200,000 who each worked a maximum of six worth of library materials. These dona- hours per week (5). tions were over and beyond the hundreds The CPM College Library also was re- of pieces of materials borrowed for the sponsible for certain specialized activi- CPM students and faculty, practically on ties, including functional guidance to a day-by-day basis, as part of many differ- other Saudi Arabian or Middle Eastern ent types of loan arrangements between college and university libraries. Major the Aramco libraries and the CPM Li- areas of cooperation were explored and brary. surveyed during consultative visits to By May 1969, library enrollment King Abdulaziz University and other reached over 500. The CPM Library ba- Jeddah libraries during the end of 1967 sic reference and circulation collections and early 1968 (6). In May 1969, the had grown above 20,000 volumes. The author was sent 'on a s~ecialtechnical sizeable periodicals collection was kept consultation mission to Kuwait as a repre- up-to-date by current subscriptions to sentative of the Saudi Ministry of Petro- about 450 periodicals, memberships in leum and Mineral Resources to. survey the professional organizations, and through possibilities of establishing an OAPEC gift and exchange arrangements. This technical library there (7). In addition, collection alone was valued at over $275,- the College Library participated directly 000. Among many other noteworthy pub- in the publication effort to issue the lications, it contained a rare back file of CPM HANDBOOK. the official journal of the Saudi Ministry A picture spread in the August 1970, of Pilgrim Affairs, entitled MAJALLAT issue of Aramco's Sun 6. Flare illustrates AL-HAJ J (the Pilgrimage Journal), for how far Saudi higher education, espe- 1947-1963. This special holding was a cially scientific and technical, has ad- donation from Aramco. It represents a vanced in an extremely short period of rare gift beyond monetary value, for time (between the 1930s and the 1960s). there probably are but two or three other During the 1930s the situation in Saudi such complete research files available in Arabia was similar to the period of the entire Middle East (3). Christ 2,000 years ago. It was the pastoral Between 1965 and 1969, the College life of the nomadic bedouin of the desert. Library spent about $140,000 for books In little more than one generation, the and other publications of various types. many generations gap actually is being The total Library budget for the aca- bridged, directly into the futuristic world demic year 1968169 amounted to $54,- of computer technology evolving today. 045, with a projection for 1970171 total- The Dewey Decimal Classification ing $1 10,712.50 (4). A complete survey of scheme used-to organize the book collec- publications procurement during the pe- tions and other library resources in the riod of June 1965-March 31, 1969 was College of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhah- conducted and the results issued as of 1 ran, will readily give way to full auto- April 1969. In addition to relative costs mation and computer control of all the that were shown to be generally higher library routines and processes. There will than stateside equivalent levels, the re- be no need to go into the costly reclassi- sults also pointed up a number of the fication procedures in the Library of special problems involved in this ac- Congress (LC) scheme. As the center of tivi ty. academic life, the CPM College Library As of Spring 1969, to meet the heavy very successfully has been furthering the expansion of reference services for the fundamental design characteristics for increasing student body, a personnel req- future service-meeting both the educa- uisition was opened to recruit a profes- tional and technological needs. Appendix c. "Reserve" category, which is intended to confine the use within the Library LIBRARY RULES AND REGULATIONS of certain course materials placed on

s~ecialI reserve bv an instructor. 1. The Library will be open from 8:00 A.M. d. Special "indefinite loan" basis (item to 10:OO P.M. daily. (Subject to change) 11 above). 2. Two (2) books may be drawn from the the ~ibrar~at one time as a regular loan. ~i~~~~~~~~cited 3. The loan period is ordinarily 14 days; new and popular books will be restricted 1. Unpublished document, a copy of which to a loan period of 7 days. may be obtained from the author upon Certain reference books will be restricted request. to a special loan period of 24 hours on 2. Zbid. an "o;ernightH ba8is. 3. Based on an official report to the CPM Ad- Periodicals-newspapers and magazine* ministration by the author, Apr 1, 1969, will not be removed from the Library at p.1. any time except by special permission. 4. Zbid. Regular loan books may be renewed for 5. Zbid. an additional 14-day period, unless there 6. F. J. Harsaghy / Report on a Library Con- is an outstanding "Reserve" request for sultative Visit to King A bdulaziz Univer- it. Borrower must present book to circula- sity and Jeddah Libraries. Dhahran, 1968. tion librarian for renewal. 6~. New and popular books are not renew- 7. F. J. Harsaghy / Report on a Special Con- able. sultation Mission to OAPEC to Survey the Returns must be made only to the circula- Possibilities of Establishing a Petroleum tion librarian on duty. Returns made in Technical Library for the Organization of any other way do not relieve the bor- Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. rower of attendant responsibilities. Dhahran, 1969. 25p. A fine of SR 0.50 per day will be levied against the holder of an overdue book. Received for review Jun 14,1971. Manu- This fine is payable in cash to the cir- script accepted for publication Mar 6, culation librarian upon return of the 1972. Presented as a contributed paper book. If a book is lost or damaged beyond use- at the Third General Session, Jun 7, fulness, the holder will be charged the 1971, during SLA's 62nd Annual Confer- reasonable replacement cost of the book, ence in San Francisco. with the minimum charge of SR 20.00 as a penalty. Other damage charges will be assessed as fairly as possible by the Director of Library Services. Special loans for faculty and administrative purposes will be arranged through the Director of Library Services. The Library is intended primarily for the use of students and faculty members. Children are not permitted to use Li- brary facilities. Special user categories may be added as part of College policy refinements. Summary: There are four loan categories affecting circulation of Library materials:

a. Regular 2-week loans of books, with renewal privileges (items 2 & 3 above). Dr. Fred J. Harsaghy is chief librarian, b. "Overnight" basis for certain refer- York College of the City University of New ence (item 4 above), as a limited-cir- York, Jamaica, New York. During 1965169 culation category extending the utili- he had been director of library services, zation of reference materials, which College of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, normally do not circulate. Saudi Arabia. This Works For Us

Capturing Elusive Statistics

Karen Takle Quinn

International Business Machines Corporation, Systems Development Division, San Jose, California 951 14

STATISTICSon library use and oper- of five boxes covering information serv- ation are often difficult to capture. Espe- ices (INF), reference services (REF), liter- ciallv elusive are reference and infor- ature searches (SR), consultations (CON), mation services, plus library-staff time and ordering or purchasing (P). utilization. To collect statistics such as these for The Terms Defined our management, we developed a technique of taking continual inventory of Good data collection is dependent activities and recording them on a spe- upon clear and concise definition of cially designed service record card. A de- terms. Since the terms "information serv- scription of the card and how it is used ices" and "reference services" are often follows. difficult to separate and all staff members The service record card (Figure 1) has enter data, it is necessary to understand been a major factor in our success at col- the distinction between the two types of lecting the statistics we need. It is simple, services. For that reason they are defined easy to use, and flexible with regard to here. how the data are handled. That is, the Information services deal with direct- data can be mani~ulatedas handwritten ing patrons to various parts of the li- records, keypun:hed and sorted, or brary collection or equipment, such as to: adapted to computer processing via ter- technical reports-specific number minals. Items to be inventoried are ab- known breviated or precoded and labelled in current issue of a journal available in boxes on the card. For the most part, li- the library-in alphabetical sequence brary staff members need only check the appropriate boxes when a particular serv- on the shelf ice is rendered. Entries that are to be microfiche reader, microfilm storage written are also abbreviated or coded. cabinets, microfiche reader-printer or For example, CODENS (unique sets of five- copy machine letter codes) have been used to replace book catalogs, book index sources, pe- periodical titles. They are entered any- riodical holdings list, periodical in- where in the space provided under Title/ dexes or ITIRC (IBM Technical In- Question. formation Retrieval Center) indexes A close look at the service record card library annex document room, or other shows the variety and amount of infor- IBhl libraries on plant site mation that can be recorded. The first newspaper rack or IBM newspapers, or box at the top left-hand corner covers back issues of newspapers the subject code. It takes a numerical locating book on shelf when patron entry. The codes for this box are given has call number. in Table 1. Next to the subject-code box is a series Reference services include assisting the Figure 1. Servke Record Card I I WUICT CODC OTHER OTHER

DATE REQUESTED

Dcn.

LOCATION

patron to secure information by using any resources of the library, such as: verifying the existence of a journal, technical report, book available or not within the library system Table 1. Subject Classification Codes providing data or information which answers or in part answers a question Code Subject LC Class P from a reference source 01 Aeronautics, Aerospace and Astronautics TL referring patron to a source elsewhere 02 Automation T, TJ 03 Business and Industry HD, HF, TS on plant site or a source he will contact 04 Chemistry QD, TP for information 05 Communications TK 06 Computers HF, QA The next section of boxes covers inter- 07 Data processing HF, QA 08 Economics, Economic conditions and library loans (ILL), machine education Economic history HC (MCH ED) such as teaching a patron 09 Education L, LA, LB, LC 10 Electric engineering TK how to use the microfiche reader or mi- 11 Electronics and Electronic engineering TK crofilm readerlprinter, and duplicate ex- lh Engineering (general and other than change (DUP EX), a housekeeping task electric, electronic, mechanical) T, TA 13 History, Government and Politics D, E, J and cooperative action in libraries where 14 Information retrieval Z extra copies of magazines or books are 15 Instrumentation and Control TA, TJ exchanged with other libraries. This is 16 Logic BC 17 Management (business, industrial, followed by boxes covering the type of personnel) HD, HF, TS information sources: book (B), periodical 18 Materials, metals;metallurgy TA, TP, TN (P), reports (R), microfilm or microfiche 19 Mathematics QA 20 Mechanical engineering and Machinery TJ (M), and company material (IBM). All 21 Nuclear science and engineering QC applicable boxes are checked. 22 Photography and Microphotography TR 23 Physics QC At the bottom left-hand corner of the 24 Programming HF, QA card, the first section of boxes shows who 25 Psychology BF helped the patron (indicated by initials), 26 Reliability TA 27 Science (general and other than chemistry the department number, the approximate and physics) Geology, Biology Q amount of time the library staff member 28 Statistics and Statistical methods HA, TS spent on a service (in tenths of an hour), 29 General refarence works and Periodicals A 30 Other and the date. The middle section of boxes furnishes example, we established our original li- special information for management. brary committee on the basis of statistics These boxes indicate whether the staff covering individual and group use of li- member spends his time on administra- brary services. We analyzed the need for tive matters, whether he is on loan to an- back files of specific journals, based on other department, involved in marketing, their use by year, including circulation or busy with meetings. This section is and reference use. We made a detailed used only when detailed staff time utili- study of staff time costs of various serv- zation is to be studied. ices. Also, we continually use the statis- The last section of boxes on the bot- tics we collect to establish what budget- tom gives the kind of copy provided to ary support should be expected from a the patron, such as original (O), hard- particular group of users. copy (H), film (FM), not available (NA), or typed (T). References Information about the patron is provided on the right-hand side of the card. Guerrier, E. W. / Measurement of Refer- Boxes at the top of this section show ence Service, Library Journal 61: p.529- what division of IBM he is associated 531 (Jul 1936). with or whether he is affiliated with an- Jackman, T. / Why Measure Reference Work? Library Journal 84: p.3826-27 (Dec other company. The name, telephone 15, 1959). number, and address are usually recorded Roth, E. B. / Can You Measure Reference before handling the patron's request, just Costs? News Notes of California Librar- in case he must be reached later. Check- ians 49 (no.2): p.303-307 (Apr 1954). ing T, P or L on the second line signifies Rothstein, S. / Measurement and Evalua- that the request was made by telephone, tion of Reference Service, Library Trends in person, or by letter. 12: p.456-472 (Jan 1964); (contains ex- The back of the card is blank so that cellent bibliography). the sources which have been checked can Takle, K. G. and Lamkin, E. E. / "Flex- be noted there. This makes subsequent ibility Plus-The IBM 870 Document Writing System," presented at the Index- handling of the request easier if another ing I: Systems Session of the 1965 Con- library staff member happens to continue gress International Federation for Docu- the search for the answer to a question. mentation FID, Washington, D.C., 1965.

Use of the System Receiued for reuiew Mar 16,1971. Manu- More than five years have elapsed since script accepted for publication Mar 26, the service record'card was designed and 1971. put into use. During that time, we have keyed information (keypunched or entered via terminal) from this card for detailed computer analysis, relating the type of services performed, the patron and area served, the subject, the type of copy provided, the material provided, the usage of periodicals related to year, detailed staff time analyses, and many other applications. We have also simply tabu- lated the cards manually for the number of services provided. The service card is a flexible tool Karen Takle Quinn is senior librarian and which can be used to record varying ITlRC West Coast Representative for IBM amounts of information, depending upon Corporation, Systems Development Divi- management's needs. It hai proven to be sion, Laboratory Library, San Jose, Cali- useful in a number of applications. For fornia. Following is a report of the SLA Representatives to the U.N. Conference on the Human Environment. SLA was the only U.S. library organization repre- sla sented. news

Beyond Stockholm

Mary Anglemyer and Signe R. Ottersen Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution Building, 1000 Jefferson Drive, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20560

The pre-conference documentation, the ference is merely the first step to be taken discussions and the reporting on the United toward meeting this need. Librarians and in- Nations Conference on the Human Environ- formation specialists must play a stronger ment all indicate the need for information role in this process and aim for the develop- if efforts to solve serious environmental prob- ment of an effective environmental informa- lems are to be successful. The International tion service. Referral Service recommended by the Con-

STOCKHOLMAND BEYOND is the title though extreme fatigue sometimes caused of the report of the Secretary of State's Ad- them to stumble over their words. Our visory Committee on the 1972 United Nations courtesy bus passes entitled us to free trans- Conference on the Human Environment (I) portation on that wonderfully efficient sub- (the Baker Committee). It is the beyond that way system, and Sweden's own Volvo taxis must concern us now, and it is in this beyond were everywhere. And it was sadly remark- that librarians have an opportunity and an able that at President Nixon's first press con- obligation to help achieve what the Confer- ference after the Stockholm meeting, not ence started. one question was asked about the Conference In our opinion the Conference was excit- or the state of the environment. This atti- ing, timely and far more important and tude of ignorance or indifference is not con- meaningful than was generally indicated by fined to the press-government officials are the reporting. In fact, some of the accounts ill-informed of the state of the world, and either indicate that the writer was not there not prepared to give the leadership for which at all or was enjoying the sparkling Stock- an awakening public is waiting. Librarians holm air instead of the un-smoke-filled Con- must bear a share of the blame, for is not ference rooms. One of the reporters was our principal function "the utilization of heard to remark that he knew nothing about knowledge through the collection, organiza- the subject so all he could write about was tion and dissemination of information"? the Chinese. Another inquired: "Just where Every country, with the exception of a is this Holy Sea?" (sic). And one who should few intransigents like Brazil, in its national have known better, in a final commentary report for the Conference begs for informa- on the Conference, dwelt on the fact the tion and research to help solve its environ- officials rode in Mercedes rather than using mental problems. Almost every United Na- Stockholm's new subway system! Any deletions document prepared for the Conference gate or member of the Secretariat who could delineates subject areas where information snatch a brief moment of rest in a Mercedes and research are needed. And yet informa- was eminently entitled to it. We saw the tion is, at the same time, one of the most delegates at work day and night but still ap- neglected topics. To illustrate this dilemma, proachable, pleasant and clear thinking, al- let us use the Woodrow Wilson International SEPTEMBER 1972 Center for Scholars as a microcosm of the said at this point that this effort was in con- difficulties encountered. One of the areas trast to the-other Conference arrangements designated for special emphasis by our Board -travel, accommodations, tours, etc.-which of Trustees is the study of man's relations to were arranged by experts and which were his deteriorating environment, and particu- excellent. The same degree of expertise was larly what forms of international cooperation available to organize a library had it been are required in the solution of environmental tapped: the United Nations libraries in both problems transcending national boundaries. New York and Geneva (where the Secretariat It soon became apparent that not only was located); librarians like ourselves who scholars but government officials, business- were known to be attending the Conference; men and all seriously concerned with these and the Swedish Parliament librarians who issues faced severe obstacles in obtaining in- were in the same building. It was also in con- formation in usable form. With the call for trast to the well-organized and attractive li- a United Nations Conference on the Human brary at the Environment Forum. This Environment, General Assembly Resolution Forum was conceived in 1971 by the Secre- 2398 (XXIII), the mass of documentation tariat for the Conference as a means for ob- erupted. Papers and reports from interna- servers from the non-governmental organizational agencies, national governments and tions to have a say about environmental private international and national organiza- problems and as a resource base for scientists tions and individuals, often containing valu- and others outside the scheduled meetings. able information and suggestions but just as The Environment Forum Library had been often unknown and unavailable, were being set up by students from the University of prepared. In addition, the extreme diversity Washington, obviously with assistance from and ill-defined limits of subjects considered their library school. Unfortunately, it was under the broad topic of human environ- situated about three miles from the other ment presented new problems of terminol- Conference buildings. ogy. Recognizing that this situation was cre- When the Conference agenda was com- ating a mass of documentation that was pleted, unfortunately "information" was unknown, generally unavailable, and not cov- thrown into an amorphous item: Educa- ered in any of the existing bibliographic tional, informational, social and cultural as- services, the Center undertook to prepare a pects of environmental issues (4). When this selective annotated bibliography of Confer- paper appeared, the only substantive recom- ence and related documentation and a com- mendation was: panion volume of summaries of the national 137. Accordingly, it is recommended that reports (2). The authors of this article were the Secretary-General t.ake action to imple- associated in that project and we were fortu- ment an International Referral Service for nate to be appointed SLA Representatives to sources of environmental information accord- the Conference. ing to the model described in the previous Prepared in February but not released un- paragraphs, in order to assist in the succeSs- til May, the Conference Secretariat issued its f211 implementation of all the recommenda- own bibliography (3) of documents prepared tions included in this Chapter ZV, subject for the Conference by governments (national area ZV and of most of those recommenda- reports), by the United Nations and the spe- tions envisaged within the other four sub- cialized agencies and by non-governmental stantive subject areas of the Conference organizations. However, the bibliographical agenda. information is often so incomplete that many items are not identifiable and there are a This was supported (and indeed origi- number of titles in our bibliography not in- nated) in the American delegation. cluded in this. The Secretariat announced it As stated to the Secretary of State's Advi- would set up a Conference library to make sory Committee on the 1972 United Nations all the basic documentation available to the Conference on the Human Environment, delegations, many of whom had not previ- the Special Libraries Association opposed ously had access to them. There was no real this recommendation for three cogent rea- library; there was a sorting room full of bins sons: 1) It is the most limited kind of infor documents, another room with micro- formation activity and one which a good ref- fiche readers, chairs, tables and disappearing erence librarian performs daily in conjunc- reading material. In charge was a clerk who tion with other services; 2) Such a service took requests for documents by number and could not supply the information needs men- indicated they would be provided. It must be tioned in the national reports and the other Conference documentation; 3) The Secre- gested the Referral Center should prepare a tariat proposal limits access to the Referral handbook of existing information services; Service to governments, cutting out univer- Romania suggested that the group of experts sities who are already undertaking environ- should consider instead a central repository mental research on a-multidiscipl

A position paper with guidelines and recom- 4. Have the Head of Minnesota Department mendations to develop and improve Minne- of Corrections speak at a SLA meeting sota Correctional Institutional Libraries com- and present our findings and recommenda- piled from the findings and observations of tions to him. the Social Responsibilities Committee of Scheduled to take place in the final meet- Minnesota Chapter, SLA. ing of the year, May 4, 1972.

The Minnesota Chapter of Special Li- Position Paper braries Association (SLA) has historically The Stillwater State Prison Library was been in the forefront of progressive action. chosen as a pilot project by SRC. Within the As the times change, we change. In this spirit state correctional institutions this library is and energy, the Social Responsibilities Com- the least developed. Stillwater State Prison mittee (SRC) was formed at the October is an industrial prison whose basic philos- monthly meeting of SLA last year. Our stated ophy dictates that it strive to be self support- goal at that time was to make our Chapter ing. It seems that this philosophy is in direct more responsive and responsible to the needs conflict with rehabilitation of the prisoners of the community by becoming more aware as reflected in the inadequate state of the li- and actively involved in social and human brary. issues relevant today. The Stillwater collection in general is very To implement these goals SRC would dated. (Some books accepted as gifts in the utilize member librarians and their special tool-information-to design, develop, and past were not worth the effort to catalog them.) There are serious gaps in the subject activate positive approaches to projects that matter in the current collection-books deal- meet these needs. ing with ethnic heritage and cultures, psy- Fresh in our minds was the recent Attica chology, chemistry, occult sciences, hypnotism tragedy and wave of prison uprisings including Minnesota Stillwater Prison. Our com- as well as current political trends are notice- mittee's attention focused on prison reform ably lacking. There are apparently strong problems with censorship, although it is hard as it relates to libraries, and as a first project SRC decided to concentrate on Minnesota to ascertain at which levels this is occurring. prison libraries. Contact was made with the The aforementioned condition encourages development of small collections of relevant Minnesota Department of Corrections Li- brarian for information and insight regard- books and current materials in cell blocks, ing the State-of-Minnesota-Prison-Libraries. which are not readily available to all in- Our committee learned, that the budget mates. Furthermore, these small personal collections outside of the library have no pro- for the Stillwater Prison Library was only $1,600 a year for an average inmate popula- tection against seizure by staff during shake- downs for contraband or whatever. tion of 900. Our research uncovered serious Since the prison is a working prison it is deficiencies in the mechanics of day-to-day scheduling for possible usage by inmates, the very difficult for inmates to get to the library clients the library is supposedly set up to which is only open during their working serve. SRC later narrowed our immediate ob- hours. Since this is the case, it is reasonable jective of the Stillwater Prison Library, and to assume that under the present system further agreed to do the following this year. prisoners will never be able to make full use of the library. A logical alternative it seems 1. Visit Minnesota Stillwater Prison Library would be to arrange an evening hour sched- This was accomplished in an all-day visit ule. The present inmate librarian has written Mar 10, 1972. a proposal that speaks to this need but it has 2. Develop a creative bibliography not been implemented due to security prob- This was done and plans are to produce a lems. However, there is security coverage continuing series on different subjects. available for inmate clubs and organizations Information for Inmates (I for I). A that meet in a portion of the library facility Bibliography of Fundamental Rights, in the evenings. This being the case it would April, 1972. seem that the library could be opened and 3. Write a position paper with guidelines worked into this schedule. and recommendations. Presently the only approach to the collec- This was achieved (following) tion for the average inmate is an outdated authorltitle list. Not only is there a need for librarian. a) possible learning experience a continuing update of this list, but the lim- for college credit. ited access to the library creates an urgent Subject-cataloging should be utilized in need for a subject approach to the collec6on. all correctional institution libraries. A Finally, most pressing is the fact that there subject catalog or regularly updated hold- is no professional civilian librarian directly ings list should be made available to all responsible for the day-to-day supervision inmates. and workings of the library. Until there is a The library of every correctional institu- person in this position who has the profes- tion should be fully accessible to all of sional skills to do the job as well as the con- its clients (inmates). Flexible scheduling fidence of the correctional institution staff is a must; libraries should have day and and prison population coupled with the abil- evening hours to encourage full use. ity to mobilize and utilize outside contacts, Inter-library loan capabilities should be SRC sees little hope for improvement in the explored and developed in all state cor- administration of the Stillwater Prison Li- rectional institution libraries. brary. A contract arrangement could be worked The Social Responsibilities Committee out in conjunction with the state correc- (SRC) of the Special Libraries Association tional institution libraries and local pub- (SLA) submits the following recommenda- lic and state libraries. tions based on our findings. These recom- Lobby for increase in budget for all mendations apply directly to the Sillwater state correctional institution libraries. (A State Prison Library but can be implemented budget more realistic in relation to the in other state correctional institution li- services it must be expected to provide.) br;aries where applicable. Develop an in-kind contribution proposal, 1. A state-wide book selection and use pol- that includes new books and selected old icy for state correctional institution li- ones, in order to increase and up-grade braries should be adopted to eliminate the state correctional institution library censorship. collection. SRC recommends as guidelines the fol- Possible contributor resources: a) indus- lowing statements of the American Li- try/business, b) community organizations, brary Association (ALA): a) The Library c) fraternities/sororities, d) churches/syn- Bill of Rights; b) The Freedom to Read agogues, e) professional organizations, f) Statement-supporting the Library Bill labor unions. of Rights. The Minnesota Chapter, SLA, should 2. Each correctional institution library purchase and donate each book listed in should be staffed with a professional li- the attached bibliography (I for I) series brarian, preferably on a full-time basis. 1. A Bibliography of Fundamental Rights, Professional volunteers should be used to April, 1972 to the Stillwater State Prison supplement and aid in putting the prison Library. [This was approved at the Chap- libraries in order. ter's May 4 meeting and is currently be- 3. Develop a proposal to use library school ing done.] students as interns in correctional institu- The Social Responsibilities Committee tion libraries. (SRC). . of hIinnesota Chapter, SLA, offers When possible, library school students to serve as consultants in implementing should be used as aids to the professional the above recommendations.

Chairman Joel A. Beale Research and Development Department Peavey Company, Technical Center Members Mary Adams Mrs. Loralee Kerr Susan Rhodes Metro Council Library University of Minnesota Criminal Justice Library Wilson Library Bob DeYoung Mrs. Ursula Shimek University of Minnesota Mrs. Beverly Lee IBM Information Center Wilson Library University of Minnesota Walter Library Virginia VanHorn Carole Hanson Univac Company Library University of Minnesota Marilyn Mauritz Wilson Library Hill Library 412 Automation Survey

Prior to the 1972 SLA Annual Conference Ronald Naylor, Regenstein Library, Univer- in Boston, inquiry forms representing a sity of Chicago, 1100 East 57th Street, Chi- Joint Survey of Library Automation Activi- cago, Ill. 60637. Mr. Naylor has arranged to ties were mailed by the Information Science mail the survey forms to Documentation Di- and Automation Division of ALA to its mem- vision members. bers. The Documentation Division, as well as This survey represents the results of a the ASIS SIG/LA and other participating project begun in -1970 to update an earlier groups, is concerned that this survey report SI,A/ALA survey: "The Use of Data Proc- as comprehensively as possible all libraries essing Equipment by Libraries and Informa- and information centers now employing mation Centers," edited by Eugene B. Jackson chine-readable media in any of its activities (1967). In 1970 as the Documentation Divi- -libraries that are nodes of networks, the sion of SLA was considering such an update, role of microimaged materials, facsimile we found that Dr. I. A. Warheit, represent- transmission, etc., as well as numerous fiscal, ing the ASIS SIGILibrary Automation & dissemination, and processing activities more Networks, had already begun a revision of frequently associated with computer con- this earlier survey. At this point, the SLA figurations. Documentation Division joined with ASIS If you are a member of ASIS SIG/LA, SIG/LA, the ALA/ISAD and the Library ALAIISAD, or SLA Documentation Division, Technology Project to revise the earlier ques- your survey questionnaire should be on your tionnaire and make a rather comprehensive desk very shortly, if not already awaiting survey of automated programs now in use by your attention and response. If you are not libraries and information centers. Eric Clear- member of the above groups, but your li- inghouse on Library and Information Sci- brary is using various forms of automation, ences also joined in this effort. ERICICLIS you are urged to contact Mr. Naylor at the would not only become a focal point for dis- University of Chicago. We trust that each semination of the tabulations and basic find- participant as a potential user of this refer- ings, it could also serve to disseminate addi- ence will aid us in making this census of tional details, such as program documenta- operative automated activities in libraries action, etc., which could not be included in the curately depict the current status as it is original document(s). found in all types of libraries. The current representative of the SLA K. D. Carroll, Chairman Documentation Division on this project is SLA Documentation Division

Ferguson Communications Award/ 1973 Entries for the Ferguson Communications go to the top entries in two categories: Award Program for 1973 are welcome from 1. written all Special Libraries Association members. 2. audio-visual The Program seeks to encourage new ways Deadline for all entries will be Feb 15, of communicating library services to its cli- 1973. Full details and regulations will be ents. found in Special Libraries, Sep 1971, p.375. Have you been thinking of a new bro- Please submit your entry to: chure? A special way of making your resources graphically clear? Get your ideas Lucille Gordon together and share them through the medium Librarian of the Ferguson Communications Award Pro- Institute of Life Insurance gram. 277 Park Avenue Prize money of $300, $200, and $100 will New York, NY 10017 Institute on the Teaching of Special Librarianshir,

An Institute on the Teaching of Special Thomas P. Slavens, University of Michi- Librarianship was held May 22-23, 1972, at gan, reported on his recent survey of teach- the School of Library Science, University of ing special librarianship. Keynote speaker Michigan. Andrew H. Horn, Dean of the Graduate The Institute was planned by a subcom- School of Library Service, University of Cali- mittee of SLA's Education Committee. Eliza- fornia at Los Angeles, discussed "Some Ob- beth Ferguson was Chairman of the subcom- servations on Collaboration." mittee and Director of the Institute. The The Institute concluded with a panel dis- facilities of the University of Michigan cam- cussing the fiscal, educational and profes- pus were made available for the meeting by sional realities of courses in special librarian- Russell E. Bidlack, Dean, School of Library ship. H. Robert Malinowsky, Chairman of Science. Invitations were sent to all accred- SLA's Education Committee, represented the ited library schools; 28 schools, in addition professional realities; Rose L. Vormelker, to Michigan, were represented by a faculty School of Library Science at Kent State Uni- member or dean. versity, represented the educational realities The program was structured around three and Charles A. Bunge, Director of the Li- aspects of handling special library courses: brary School at the University of Wisconsin, 1) the place of and need for courses in indi- represented the fiscal realities. vidual special library fields, 2) the methodol- Participation was the keynote. Most of the ogy of teaching, and 3) the sometimes ques- presentations were brief and informal and tioned value of a general course. the real "meat" of the conference was in the The first aspect was presented by Univer- discussions. Consequently there is no plan at sity of Michigan specialists: Gwendolyn S. present to publish proceedings. All sessions Cruzat (medical), William J. Weichlein (mu- were recorded, however, and cassettes or reels sic), Beverly John Pooley (law) and Robert (at prices ranging from $6.00 to $15.50) are Warner (archives administration). Charles H. available from School of Library Science. Davis discussed such technical courses as au- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michi- tomation, indexing, abstracting, etc. gan 48104. Martha Jane K. Zachert, Florida State Uni- An evaluation of the Institute will be versity, described her methodology of teach- made in order to determine the need for fu- ing by experiential learning. New educa- ture Institutes concerning education for spe- tional techniques are adapted for teaching cial librarians. the administration of special libraries, including the use of simulation and the in- basket technique.

From SLA's New York Office

The SLA Publications Department fre- Special Libraries in Demand quently receives requests for permission to translate Association non-serial publications into languages other than English for use in Unexpected demand for the 1972 issues non-English-speaking countries. of Special Libraries has depleted our in- A Checklist for the Organization, Opera- tion and Evaluation of a-company ~ibrary (2d ed.) by Eva Lou Fisher has recently been ventory. The SLA Publications Department translated into Indonesian. would appreciate the return of any copies The Library: An Introduction for Library Assistants, edited by William C. Petru, is be- of these issues that are not needed. ing translated into Spanish. Publication date is expected January 1973. The book may be purchased from Editorial Pax-Mexico S.A., Argentina No. 9, Mexico 1, D.F. Reverend James J. Kortendick, chairman, Li- MEMBERS IN THE NEWS brary Science Department, Catholic University of America . . . retired. Mrs. Janice Kreider . . . named reference li- Beryl L. Anderson, associate professor, Gradu- brarian, Milne Library, SUNY at Geneseo. She ate School of Library Science, McGill Univer- had been physics librarian, Columbia Univer- sity . . . named recipient of Canadian Library sity. Association's 1971 Howard V. Phalin-World Book Graduate Scholarship in Library Science. Virginia La Grave, Tinker Air Force Base . . . retired. Frances J. Brown, chief librarian, Financial Li- brary, First National City Bank, N.Y. . . . elected officer of the bank with the title of library director.

Wilbur B. Crimmin, head, Business, Science and Technology Department, Hartford Public Li- brary . . . riamed assistant librarian.

R. R. Dickison, chief librarian, Oak Ridge Na- tional Laboratory . . . accepted a two-year appointment with the International Atomic En- ergy Agency, Vienna, Austria, as First Officer, Dwight C. Lyman, chief librarian, New London Division of Scientific and Technical Information. Laboratory, Naval Underwater Systems Center . . . retired from federal service. Rice Estes, librarian, Pratt Institute . . . retired. Belden Menkus, management consultant . . . The unique collection of urban studies at received award from American Management As- Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. and li- sociation for lecturing at AMA's seminars on brarian Jamie Graham were featured in a St. information systems. Louis Metro Sentinel newspaper article. The article also appeared in the Winter 1972 issue Elizabeth K. Miller, formerly director of library of Washington University Magazine. services, The Urban Institute . . . appointed chief librarian, The Port of New York Author- Dr. F. J. Harsaghy . . . appointed professor and ity. chief librarian, York College, City University of New York. Natalie N. Nicholson, associate director of libraries, MIT . . . appointed acting director of Mrs. Mary A. Huffer . . . named director, De- libraries. At Simmons College of Library Science partment of the Interior's network of library Alumni Day she was named recipient of the services. previously she had been assistant direc- annual Alumni Achievement Award. tor of libraries, Smithsonian Institution. Florine Oltman . . . appointed chief, Reader Mildred C. Hunt, formerly assistant librarian, Services Division, Air University Library, Max- M. W. Kellogg Co., N.J. . . . appointed informa- well Air Force Base, Ala. Most recently she had tion manager, Cigar Research Council, N.Y. been chief, Reference Branch.

James Katsaros, director, Municipal Archives Jean Orpwood, previously at Legislative Library, and Records Center of the City of New York . . . Toronto . . . now assistant division head, Wil- retired. lowdale Branch, North York Public Library.

Oxanna Kaufman . . . appointed coordinator, Mrs. Maria Patermam . . . appointed associate Undergraduate Library and Humanities and So- professor and head librarian, St. Paul Campus cial Science Libraries, University of Pittsburgh. Libraries, University of Minnesota. Previously she had been head, Oil Spill Information Center Loretta J. Kiersky, Supervisor, Information Cen- and Sciences-Engineering Library, University of ter, Airco, Inc., Murray Hill, N.J. . . . named California, Santa Barbara. to the National Microfilm Association's Family of Fellows. Helen Guest Perry, Houghton Mifflin . . . elected chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Wa- Mrs. Margaret Kinsey, circulation librarian, San tertown, Mass., Free Public Library. Diego State's Love Library . . . retired. The EEA Air Museum Foundation, Franklin, Leonard E. Klein . . . appointed reference li- Wis., has developed an aviation research library. brarian, Harvard Law School library. Philip Peterson is library director. Jeannette Privat, librarian, Seattle First Na- (Continued from p. 13A) tional Bank . . . elected an officer of the bank. lars and cents value of special libraries. It shows that accomplishment was measured by John Reed, former administrative librarian, how many articles were written and pub- New York Botanical Garden . . . assumes new lished in the non-library press, how many post of director, Department of Public Educa- speaking engagements were finagled before tion at the Botanical Garden. management groups, how many model libraries and other exhibits were mounted at The AMAX Journal (vol. 9, no. 4) featured an conventions of professional groups who article on the company's headquarters library in New York, where Mrs. Dorothea Rice is li- needed to be told the special library story, brarian. how many individual organizations which should have professional information services Kenyon Rosenberg . . . promoted from assistant were sought out and convinced of this to associate professor, Kent State University, necessity. Kent, Ohio. We even have some more recent examples -not many, but a few. Like the article "The Mrs. Ronald (Rosalie) Schnick . . . received an Role of the Special Library" in the July- Outstanding Achievement Award for her review August 1971 Commercial Letter of the of the literature on TFM (3-trifluormethyl-4- Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. And nitrophenol), the toxicant used to control the Ruth Nielander's article "The Insurance sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. She is librarian, Library-Luxury or Necessity" in the August U.S. Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife, 1970 issue of Best's Review. And the pamphlet U.S. Fish Control Laboratory. "Some Important Things I Believe a Young Account Representative Should Know About Catherine Scott . . . appointed librarian, Na- Library Research" by Terry Munger, Eliza- tional Air and Space Museum Branch, Smith- beth Smith and Marilyn Bockman, published sonian Institution Libraries. She was previously chief technical librarian, Bellcomm, Inc. by the American Association of Advertising Agencies in November 1968. And (lest anyone point a finger) "The Chicago Marketing In- Rose Z. Sellers, associate professor, Brooklyn College Library . . . retired. formation Scene-Some Personal and Rather Prejudiced Observations" by Ed Strable, published in The American Marketing As- Ralph C. Simon, Aeronautics, Astronautics and Engineering Sciences and Industrial Engineering sociation's Chicugo Marketing Scene, Febru- librarian, Purdue University Libraries . . . pro- ary-March 1971. There undoubtedly are moted to associate professor of library science. other examples. But enough? Perhaps bur consultation Service, estab- Mrs. Margaret Sloane, previously information lished about 17 years ago, and successful as services manager, Ford Foundation . . . joined it has been, served to distract us from the the staff of the Redondo Beach, Calif., Public responsibility of aggressively promoting the Library. She continues as California consultant special library idea. The Consultation Service with Information Dynamics Corp. Officers, at their recent meeting in Boston, agreed that what they do is a response to Dyke College, Cleveland, Ohio, has been selected such stimulation. They are involved in the as winner of a special award in the John Cotton second step-that which comes after the im- Dana Public Relations Awards Contest. Mrs. plantation of the stimulus to consider the Joan Sugarman, librarian, received the citation. establishment of an information service. And our Placement Officers tell us they have the Esther Tepper, previously supervising librarian. librarians to fill the jobs in the special Science Department, Mid-Manhattan Library, libraries we help to start. New York Public Library . appointed prin- . . Now, to those of you who have read this far cipal librarian. -do you share this concern about our unserved population? If so, how should we Mrs. Mary Theresa Tice . . . joined Raytheon Company, Lexington, Mass., as manager, Busi- attack the problem on a broad basis? How do ness Information Center. She had been business we gear up for it? Appoint a committee? research librarian, RCA's Computer Division, Have a program at conference? Something Marlboro, Mass. less traditional? My address is at the front of this issue. Dean Tudor . . . elected to board of directors, Respond soon, please, and then we can get Institute of Professional Librarians of Ontario. on to the next concern. vistas

HAVE YOU SEEN ?

system, the two visual clues taking the op- erator to within 1% of the total file without further searching. These visual clues put the area to be searched in plain sight once the drawer is opened. This system shows mis- files easily. For further information, contact David Broecker, Kleer-Vu Industries, 878 Sussex Blvd., Lawrence Industrial Park, Broomall, PA 19008.

Compact new microreaders feature 9" x 12" screens for easy viewing. The Xerox 520 Mi- crofiche Reader features a vertically positioned screen and the Xerox 322 Microfiche Reader has a horizontally positioned screen. The readers turn on automatically when the fiche tray is positioned for use. The user can increase the magnification of any particular lens up to 2553, to help in reading fine print or to use a lens with microfiche of different reduction ratios. In addition, easily inserted "Quiet Zone," a new cushioned contract extra lenses offering magnification from 10~sheet floor, is said to reduce noise and add to 49x are available. Contact: Roberta T. comfort features to the durability and easy Waldman, Xerox Education Group, 1200 maintenance of vinyl. It is designed for use High Ridge Rd., Stamford, CN 06903. in commercial and institutional interiors. The new product utilizes a Cushioncord backing of %"-thick foamed vinyl to lessen the amount of impact noise. Its overall thickness is .170". Mobile units roll easily over the surface. Six colors are available in hounds- tooth check design. For additional information: Robert K. Marker, Armstrong Infor- mation Service, Lancaster, PA 17604.

A system of visual clues is offered on all A professional dusting instrument is said to Jacket Masters from Kleer-Vu. Such a system remove lint, dust or dirt from surfaces which -a color band or notch-can take you to cannot be reached. A burst of pure, dry within 20% of an alpha file without reading Freon gas is emitted; pressure controls vary codes or headings. In a numeric file, the the strength of the burst. Dust-Off is supplied color bands are supplemented by a notch with a 15 oz. canister and sells for $9.95. Re- 417 persons with low vision. The instrument relies on a patented light source to intensify the amount of light reaching the retina, thereby increasing the ability to see images clearly. Images can be color or black and white. The product sells for $295 and is available from Opaque Systems Ltd., 100 Taft Ave., Hempstead, NY 11550.

fills (15 oz.) are $1.75 each. Available through local photography and other outlets. Falcon Safety Products, Inc., Mountainside, NJ 07092.

Self-cleaning book box design is available for SICO TC-65 mobile/folding table seating. The self-cleaning book boxes are said to provide an effective solution to many space and maintenance problems. The table-chair combination gives up to 33% more seating than conventional furniture in the same floor space. For additional information, contact Tom McCarthy, SICO, Inc., 7525 Cahill "Roving" paper racks are built with hanging Road, Minneapolis, MN 55435. removable shelves and racks to move paper items from one work station to another. One model is 64" high, 24" deep and 24" long and accommodates up to twenty 3" or twelve 6" trays. A smaller model is also available. Additional information may be obtained from: Michael Business Machines Corp., 145 W. 45th St., New York, NY 10036.

Multi-use wardrobe unit serves as a wardrobe and partition and can be used as a presentation center. It can accommodate eight coats comfortably and has a boot or utility rack at the bottom. One side of the unit can be mounted with a 4' x 4' presentation panel that can be used as a chalkboard, projection screen, etc. Further information obtainable Optiscope Enlarger projects a greatly en- from International Display Equipment As- larged, illuminated image onto a built-in sociates, Inc., 138 Brookline Ave., Boston, 9" x 14" screen to aid the "legally blind and MA 022 15. HAVE YOU HEARD ?

Microfiche Uniformity ning several regional hearings during 1972179. The first is scheduled for Sep 27, 1972 in the Common guidelines for microfiche Dirksen Federal Building, Chicago, IL. Other uniformity have been drafted by committees meetings are tentatively scheduled for San of five organizations (National Microfilm Francisco, CA (Nov 29, 1972), and Atlanta, Association [NMA], Department of De- GA (Mar 7, 1973). Statements on library fense, American National Standards Institute needs may be submitted to NCLIS, 1717 K [ANSI], COSATI, and International Organ- Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036. ization for Standardization [ISO]). Specific items are: size, grid, reduction, title and Fellowships image orientation, coordinates, title, cutting mark, fiche index location. Some minor The.Council on Library Resources of- points are yet to be determined. fers fellowships and internships to mid-career librarians in the U.S. and Canada who have Patent Specifications on Microfilm demonstrated strong potential for leadership in the profession. The awards cover costs for Derwent Publications Ltd. (Rochdale three to nine months, not including salaries. House, 128 Theobalds Road, London WClX For applications: Council on Library Re- 8RP, England) is said to supply microfilms of sources, The Fellowship Committee, One patent specifications within two weeks of Dupont Circle, Suite 620, Washington, DC original publication date. Normally supplied 20036. Completed applications are due Nov in open reels, they can also be ordered in 1, 1972. cartridges. The service is available by annual subscription for several countries. World on Microfiche Current Contents Index Microfiche editions of World mags-- zine, edited by Norman Cousins, are avail- A weekly subject index will be added able from Microfilming Corporation of Amer- to Current ContentsJPhysicalQ Chemical Sci- ica (Glen Rock, NJ). The fiche will be de- ences beginning Jan 1973. The publication, livered to subscribers on the publication date published by Institute for Scientific Infor- of the magazine. Also available is 35mm posi- mation (325 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA tive microfilm on a normal twice-yearly de- 19106), reproduces the tables of contents of livery schedule. physical and chemical sciences journals. The new index will be included in each issue. Population Libraries Bibliographic Training on Cassette Overview: A Journal of Population Libraries commenced publication in May Tools of the Trade describes 16 major 1972. It is published bi-monthly by the Tech- bibliographic aids and explains their func- nical Information Service of the Carolina tions on a 40-minute tape cassette. The cas- Population Center. Editorial contributions sette was produced by American Booksellers may be sent to Editor, Overview, Carolina Association and is available for $12.95 post- Population Center, University Square, Chapel paid from R. R. Bowker Co. (Ruth Karpes), Hill, NC 27514. 1180 Avenue of the Americas, NY 10036. Computer System Manuals

A supplement to the 1971 edition of IBM Manual GE20-0394 Library Au- A Catalog of OP Titles is available from tomation-The ZBM System13 is the third University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, in a series. Book catalogs are covered in Ann Arbor, MI 48106. The titles are sup- GE20-0333 and serials are covered in GE20- plied in either microform or facsimile edition. 0352. The manual covers the use of the small computer in the library. Comments may be NCLIS addressed to I. A. warheit, IBM carp., Monterey & Cottle Roads, San Jose, CA The National Commission on Librar- 951 14. Copies of the manuals should be re- ies and Information Science (NCLIS) is plan- quested from the local IBM office. REVIEWS

Readers and Reader-Printers. Ballou, H. W., ed. crofiche has increased with each compilation of Section reprint from Guide to Microreproduc- the Guide. This trend will certainly continue tion (p.108-374). 5th ed. Silver Spring (8728 with increased microprinting and micropublish- Colesville Road), Maryland 20910: National ing. Microfilm Association, 1971. Price: Mem. $6.00; The editor, H. W. Ballou, is highly qualified Non-mem. $7.50. to compile and comment on the equipment related to microforms. His early descriptions of At the request of the Publications Committee equipment in various publications led to the of the National Microfilm Association, the sec- compilation of the first edition of the Guide tion on Readers and Reader-Printers published in 1959. Each year it has been updated with in the 1971 edition of the NMA Guide to Micro- supplements and every two years a new edition. reproduction Equipment has been made avail- The material is as up-to-date as possible. All able as a separate publication. The Committee previous compilations remain useful for informa- wanted to provide a tool for librarians, education not published in the current Guide. Mr. tors, government administrators and others con- Ballou is Head of Photographic Services at cerned with selecting a viewing machine from Columbia University and as a longtime member the confusing collection of available models on of the National Microfilm Association is thor- the market. The publication is an informative oughly familiar with'the products of the micro- guide to 130 readers and reader-printers recently film industry. The complete Guide covers cam- introduced. It describes the products of 44 manu- eras, processors, contact printers, readers and facturers. reader-printers, enlargers, accessories and spe- The information related to each machine is cials. It is considered to be a very important arranged so that a full page photograph is tool for those in the microfilm industry and shown on the page at the left and the descrip- for all who have a responsibility for depart- tive information is shown on the facing page at ments making use of the equipment. The cost the right. A standard form was used to report of the complete Guide is $17.50 to members and the information received from the manufacturer. $21.00 to non-members. A comparison can easily be made in order to Two publications issued by the Defense Docu- determine which machine may best meet the mentation Center have been published in an particular requirements of the user. effort to assist the users of microfiche. They Each machine is completely identified. The have been compiled by R. F. Gordon and- are name and address of the manufacturer, the dis- available from the National Technical Informa- tributor and the model number are given and tion Service (NTIS) at $0.95 for a microfiche also the date the machine was introduced. copy or $3.00 for a paper copy. One title is The physical description is detailed and in- Microfiche Viewing Equipment, Report DDC- cludes the screen size, the film widths that can TR-70-1, AD701 600, Mar 1970. The other is be accommodated and the magnifications that I6 mm Microfilm Viewing Equipment Guide, can be obtained. Power requirements are stated Report DDC-TR-71-1, AD718 000, Jan 1971. and also any special features related to the The NMA Readers and Reader-Printers con- machine. Price information includes the number tains more descriptive information for each of lenses supplied with the purchase. Additional machine and also includes more machines for important information given for reader-printers making a comparison and a selection. The De- is the maximum size of the enlargement and the fense Documentation Center recently made a type of process for printout. free distribution of AD701 600 which includes One notable feature of the publication is the the oldest machines. list of references to readers and reader-printers Loretta J. Kiersky previously described in preceding editions of the Airco, Inc. Guide. The number of readers for viewing mi- Murray Hill, N. J.

Review for Special Libraries

Special Libraries is seeking reviewers and referees on all subjects. If you are interested, please write stating your subject interests and qualifications. Reports of Standing Committees 197 1/72

Bylaws 2. Redefinition of the Conference Advisory Com- mittee. The Bylaws Committee has no formal amend- 3. Redefinition of the Publisher Relations Com- ment to the Association Bylaws to propose at mittee. this time. 4. Redefinition of the responsibilities of the Since the report to the Midwinter meeting, Chapter Liaison Officer and the Division Liaison Chapter and Division Bylaws amendments have Officer. been considered and approved as follows: The committee has submitted the following to Chapters: the Board of Directors for approval at its Jun Approved: Boston, Cleveland, Indiana, Michi- 1972 meetings: gan, New York, Philadelphia, Southern Cali- 1. Revised edition of Znformation for SLA Com- fornia, and Washington, D.C. mittees and Special Representatives. Advised: Heart of America (Revision in proc- 2. Definition of the H. W. Wilson Company ess) Award Committee, established by the Board in Under consideration: Connecticut Valley, Lou- Feb 1972. isiana, and Maryland. 3. Definition of the Committee on Cooperation Divisions: with Related Associations, established as a Stand- Approved: Engineering, Newspaper. ing Committee by the Board in Feb 1972. The Committee recommends that a study be made of the Association Bylaws to bring the total statement up to date- with current pro- conference*dviso,,,, cedures and practices of the Association. This should include attention to the status of the A manual of conference~~id~li~~~ was Officer and pleted and submitted to the Board for approval Committee; the membership classification for at the J~~ 1972 meetings. student members relative to their voting privi- MARKBAER leges; and other matters which might arise re- sultant from consultation with Association legal Conference 1972 counsel. It is further recommended that this study be 'The 1972 SLA Annual Conference was held enjoined by formal action of the Board of in Boston. Mass., Jun 4-8. Total number of at- Directors. tendees was 2,265. There were 75 exhibitors in EDWARDP. MILLER 96 booths. The above statistics constitute the only objective report we shall give in this space now Chupter Liaison O&er that the Conference is over. Subjectively, we For annual report see SL 63 (no.7): p.332 consider that the Conference was a success be- (Jul 1972). yond our most optimistic expectations. Al- most everything went right. Even the tremendous mess created by the hotel in inept reserva- Committee on Committees tion handling was virtually forgotten by Monday in the contagious friendly atmosphere. The two The major achievement of the Committee on years of planning and unparalleled support by Committees this year was the revision of the Chapter members paid off. manual, Znformation for SLA Committees and The Divisions and Association Committees Special Representatives, which was submitted to enthusiastically received our central program the Board for approval at the Jun 1972 meeting. emphasis of "small libraries." Their programs A preliminary revision of this manual was ac- supported this. Our own General Session pro- cepted by the Board at its Oct 1971 meeting grams were strong. Outstanding, and new to with the understanding that a final revision most persons, was our "Idea Exchange." Ahead would be forthcoming the following Jun. of time, a number of people looked on it with In addition to revising the manual, the Com- misgivings. They did not understand that our mittee on Committees also had the following use of the word "unstructured" did not mean recommendations approved by the Board of Di- unplanned. The detailed planning and execu- rectors at the Oct 1971 meeting: tion, including the colorful balloon supported circle markers, is an example of the superb 1. Definition of the responsibilities of the Pub- work of a sub-committee, of which there were lic Relations Officer. This position was later many for the Conference. abolished by the Board at their Jan 1972 meet- Outstanding on the program were 31 con- ing. tributed papers. This is a feature which has SEPTEMBER1972 rather suddenly become significant at SLA Con- reported on the forms sent in the Newsletter to ferences. Although well within the parameters the old mailing list. Only 17 of 37 have replied. of the Conference theme, the material ranged A follow-up will be sent. from simple specific problem handling to so- Communications still remain as the big prob- phisticated analysis of exotic systems. These ses- lem. The Boston Conference program for con- sions are splendid vehicles for communication sultation is going to be an old fashioned prob- between special librarians. The popularity seems lem solving town meeting where the Consulta- well demonstrated by the sale at Boston of tion Service Committee can hopefully generate over 1OOO copies of the papers. interest in this program, solve any specific prob- The Boston Chapter members and particu- lems brought up, and give approaches to the larly those of the Conference Committee who generally known problems. A brief talk at the carried the nominal responsibility wish to ex- Chapter officers meeting is also planned to see press our appreciation to you who attended and if we can make progress on the problem of responded in such a gracious, friendly, and en- getting the right kind of person appointed CCO. thusiastic manner. We all had an enjoyable as well as profitable time. LOYDRATHBUN Division Liaison O@er

Consultation Service For annual report see SL 63 (no.7): p.333 fJul 1972). The SLA Board of Directors approved the following program mission at the Oct 1971 meeting: "The mission of the Consultation Service Program is to provide assistance to management The John Cotton Dana guidelines were re- toward the solution of information problems in written and accepted by the Board. A full sched- industry, government, education, and other, or- ule of eight lectures was approved for Univer- ganizations. It shall include work with any ex- sity of Hawaii, University of Oregon, University isting information center or library to evaluate of Western Ontario, Northern Illinois Uni- services now performed or new services. Such versity, University of Missouri, Brigham Young help may include recommendations for plan- University, University of Alberta, and Wayne ning, selecting, organizing, handling, and trans- State University. The Committee is grateful to ferring of information. Kathleen Taylor, Zoe Cosgrove, Audrey Grosch, "Specifically, the service will be conducted by and Mark Baer for accepting the challenge to the chapter consultation officers and their com- be John Cotton Dana Lecturers at these Uni- mittees in such local areas. Services to be per- versities. Wayne State University was unable to formed shall include defining the information host a lecture during the Spring but hopefully problem and proposing a solution which is re- will for Fall 1972. alistic and within the means of accomplishment A Subcommittee of the Education Committee of the requestor. It will be a professional cour- was formed for the purpose of planning and tesy service, the extent of which will be deter- teaching an "Institute on the Teaching of Spe- mined for each case on local considerations by cial Librarianship." This Institute was held at the Chapter Consultation Officer. the University of Michigan on May 22-23, 1972. "It shall be the responsibility of the Associa- Chairman of this Subcommittee was Betty Fer- tion Consultation Service Committee to struc- guson with Martha Jane Zachert and Barbara ture and administer the general guidelines for K. Becker as members. Dean Russell E. Bidlack the conduct of this service, and to work closely was instrumental in much of the planning and with both Association Public Relations Officer+ was the host for the Institute. and Chapter Public Relations Committees in its The Committee compiled a list of SLA mem- continuing promotion. bers who are teaching or have taught in library Correspondence with various Chapter Con- schools. sultation Officers has taken place as a result of A certificate of attendance was designed to publication of two Consultation Service News- give to those persons who attended the continu- letters. ing education seminars. A draft of a Consultation Service manual re- The Committee was asked to submit recom- vision is partially completed. When the initial mendations for changes in the ALA Tentative draft is finished it will be worked over by the Draft of Revised Standards for Accreditation. whole committee. The draft embodies the pro- After much writing and discussion, a statement gram mission as its orientation. was arrived at and submitted to President Gon- An updated list of Chapter consultants is be- zalez. This statement was presented to ALA and ing prepared; however, all Chapters have not after meetings with the Committee on Ac- creditation two recommendations were made: 1) That the Education Committee develop a list + The Public Relations Officer has been dis- of SLA members able and competent to serve continued-ED. on visiting teams of the ALA Committee on Ac- creditation; and 2) That the Education Com- Finance mittee study the specific suggestions listed in the report of the meeting and develop methods of In Jun 1971 the Board of Directors approved implementation. The Committee has started the definition of the Finance Committee which developing a list of SLA members who might designated the Association Treasurer as Chair- serve on the ALA visiting teams. As of the writ- man of the Finance Committee. ing of this report, four names have been sub- The Committee met on Sep 28, 1971 with Dr. mitted. The second charge has been discussed McKenna and President Gonzalez and reviewed but no action has been taken at this time. all income and expenses for 1972. Recommenda- Finally, the biggest task has been the plan- tions of the Committee at that time urged in- ning for the Continuing Education Seminars creasing income by increasing membership in in Boston. Three sessions were planned: "Mak- all membership categories and increasing the ing and Living With a Budget. Library Service registration fee at the annual Conferences. or Selling Your Product. The Importance of The Committee met on May 9, 1972 for a the Annual Report"; "Environmental and Eco- mid-year review of the budget. Emphasis was logical Literature--Where Does It All ,Come once again placed on the membership drive. It From?"; and "Technical Report Literature Up- was also recommended that Treasurers' Reports date." Coordinators for the three sessions were from Chapters have greater uniformity; that T. D. Phillips, Lois C. Farrell, and Calla Ann consideration be given to possibly pooling the Crepin. In conjunction with the Seminars, a project funds of Chapters and Divisions for their reception for library school faculty was to be use; that the 1973 budget include two major re- held at the Conference. quests for a salary survey and the costs of re- Future work of the Committee includes se- pairs and decorating at Headquarters. lecting schools and speakers for the John Cot- ton Dana Lecture program; planning the Con- tinuing Education Seminars at the Pittsburgh Conference utilizing the Education Committee of the local Chapter as a subcommittee; devel- Government Information Services oping a list of SLA members who would be willing to serve on ALA visiting teams for ac- Highlights of Committee activity have been creditation; and developing continuing educa- communication and participation-communication seminars, workshops, or institutes that can tion with the Regional Information User be presented on a regional basis. Groups, correspondence with Chapters and members and participation in meetings and conferences about information problems and their potential solutions. Accomplishments, Employment Policy hopefully, have been to establish better communication between users (special librarians The Board of Directors approved a re-defini- and information scientists) and suppliers of tion of the Committee and a change of name government information services. from Placement Policy Committee to Employ- Regional User Groups. This year the Com- ment Policy Committee. The re-definition of mittee has attempted to coordinate the emerg- activities broadens the scope of the Committee's ing regional user groups into a loosely structured advisory role. network, even though many who participate in The following recommendations were made the user groups are not SLA members. by the Committee and approved by the Board A list of over 75 Regional Information User of Directors: Groups was compiled and each was asked to act as liaison to the Committee for the exchange of 1. That a minimum salary of $9,00O/year be information. used as a qualification for acceptance of an ad- Committee members each covered a geograph- vertisement in Special Libraries for positions in ical area of the country, to cultivate the user the United States. groups, communicate with them, and possibly 2. That a minimum of $8,50O/year be applied to establish new ones, in the social sciences and advertisements for Canadian positions. bio-medical-agricultural fields as well as science 3. That the following statement appear in the and technology. They wrote letters and spoke Placement section of Special Libraries: with librarians, contacted association representa- "The Special Libraries Association reserves the tives, and visited regional user groups in their right to reject any advertisements which in any areas when possible. way refer to race, creed, color, age or sex as A bi-monthly, informal "Letter" to the Re- conditions of employment." gional User Groups was issued from No.1, Jul The Committee has begun a study of the fac- 1971, to No.6, May 1972, to pass along informa- tors involved in the establishment of an Employ- tion of possible interest to them and to ask for ment Clearinghouse. Upon completion of the feedback. For example, a questionnaire on the study, recommendations will be made to the use of the TEST thesaurus was prepared and Board of Directors. enclosed at the request of an administrator in FLORENCEM. MCKENNA the Defense Supply Agency. Replies were forwarded to him, but they also were summarized Committee Chairman, I moderated a panel dis- and reported back to the groups in a later cussion on Micro-Media at a Seminar co-spon- letter. sored by SLA and other associations in Wash- Meetings to get the user groups involved to- ington, D.C., spoke about information hang-ups gether were planned in collaboration with oth- and possible solutions at a Chapter meeting in ers, such as the Regional Information User Boston and at a meeting of Project SETE (Secre- Group National Federation Meeting held Mar tariat for Electronic Testing Equipment) in 22-23, 1972, at the Florida Institute of Tech- Rock Island, Illinois. nology, Melbourne, Florida, and the follow-up At the SLA Annual Conference in Boston, meetings-one before the jun SLA conference in the Committee sponsored a Joint Breakfast Boston and another in conjunction with the Round Table on "Information Hang-ups and Oct ASIS conference in Washington, D.C. the Regional User Groups" with the Aerospace Coordination with Chapters. A letter with the and Social Science Division, a Joint Program on list of Regional User Groups was sent to all "Feedback: Government Information Sources Chapter Chairmen. Ideas were solicited on how and the Users" with the Aerospace Division, and the user groups might be consolidated, or co- a Joint Luncheon and Program on "The Inside ordinated, or how more SLA members might be Story on Government Planning" with the Ameri- encouraged to take an active part. can Society for Information Science. The Dayton Chapter merged two local groups Thrust of the Future. The Committee should into a single Chapter project. The Boston Chap- continue to act as a catalyst in an attempt to ter coordinated the activities of two groups and create the climate for a better understanding keeps in touch with others in the New England of problems and expectations of both users and area. The Boston Chapter, Sci-Tech Group spon- suppliers and to encourage the kind of coordi- sored a dinner meeting on the subject. The Cin- nated tackling of these problems that can lead cinnati and Indiana Chapters reprinted the let- to better information services. Specifically, ter in their bulletins. The Florida Chapter responded with interest and suggested that a (a) Broaden sights and look at problems behind chapter meeting might be held on the subject. the problems, such as the overlap of responsi- Letters were sent to fourteen of the Chapters, bilities of competing government services, and in response to an invitation from the Assistant work toward the preparation of an overall prob- Secretary of Commerce for "typical users" of lem statement. Federal statistics to attend regional conferences (b) Communicate with and solicit from the on SUMSTAT, a proposed new service of the Regional User Groups (and special librarians in National Technical Information Service. The general) ideas and data based on the actual work purpose of these meetings is to collect the views situation. Encourage the growth of active user of potential users concerning scope, depth, etc. groups and greater SLA individual and Chapter of the proposed system. participation in these activities. Communication with Individuals. Individual (c) Communicate with administrators of gov- letters about information services and concerns ernment information services, at various levels, were received (and answered) from SLA mem- to relay user feedback and obtain information bers and others in Michigan, Virginia, Califor- based on management policies and perspectives. nia, Vermont, New Jersey, Georgia, New York, (d) Communicate with the commercial sector Pennsylvania, Delaware, Massachusetts, and the to discuss ways in which business in partnership District of Columbia. A reply was prepared in with government can help to solve some of the response to a Letter to the Editor and published problems. in Special Libraries, p.ll~,Feb 1972. (e) Help to plan meetings which will provide Contact with Agencies. Communication was opportunities for representatives of these three established with administrators of information sectors to talk with each other, as interdepend- services such as, the Defense Documentation ent links in planning or evaluating services. Center, National Technical Information Service, (f) Coordinate these activities with other groups Government Printing Office, NASA, AEC, De- working toward similar goals, such as the Na- fense Supply Agency, ERIC Clearinghouse for tional Federation of Technical Information Library and Information Science, National Ag- Users and the SLA Governmental Relations ricultural Library, National Library of Medi- Project (Washington, D.C. Chapter), and others. cine, Library of Congress, and others. Discus- (g) Report significant activities and discussions sions were held with representatives of associa- to the National Commission on Libraries and tions, committees, and companies, such as the Information Science for their information and National Microfilm Association, the 3-M Com- as input for their recommendations regarding pany, the National Science Foundation Office of systems of the future. Science Information Service, the Federal Library RUTHS. SMITH Committee, and the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. Participation at Meetings. In order to keep Headquarters Operations in touch with the Government community and some of its information users, Committee mem- The Executive Director has continued to de- bers have attended professional meetings. As velop his staff for more effective operations without any increase in personnel. Two Man- Conference. The program is entitled "A Look agers have been given changes in title to reflect at United Nations Publications and Informa- their abilities and growth potential. Key re- tion Media." placements in the areas of bookkeeping and Miss Christine Wynne, Auckland, N.Z. re- data processing were accomplished. Some modi- ported that the New Zealand Library Associa- fication of staff organization was done to im- tion has formed a Special Libraries Group. The prove flow of work and interrelationships of the Nigerian Library Association is still in the proc- operating units. ess of studying such a move. Contact with for- The Board of Directors authorized a new po- eign library organizations should be given pri- sition of Librarian which will include the func- ority in the coming year. tions previously carried out by the former Thus far, 27 members have agreed to serve Archives Committee as well as other responsi- as coordinators to this committee, eleven of bilities concerning information handling. The them living in other countries. To better com- Board also authorized a new position of Promo. municate and share mutual interests, as well as tion Coordinator which has been filled and for economic consideration, it was proposed that through which extended contacts to exhibitors the committee issue a simple and informal news- and advertisers will be directed. The Board was letter. This would eliminate the costly corre- sorry to learn that Ann Firelli, Manager of the spondence of passing on ideas and information. Membership Department, was forced to resign A Nigerian librarian to be on research leave prematurely because of health problems in her is expected to arrive in this country later in family. Fortunately, Hazel Conway has been 1972, and arrangements for this visit have been able to work effectively as a substitute until Miss started. An itinerary for a three-month study Firelli's replacement can be chosen. trip in the U.S. was prepared for a librarian Last summer our new System13 computer was from Taiwan. started up and put to the test for membership The highlight of the activities was without renewals and subscription renewals for 1972. question the tremendously successful visit of a Although there were some difficulties, not alto- group of special librarians from Finland to gether unexpected with the installation of a New York, Boston and Washington last Apr. computer system, the major hurdles are behind Mrs. Vivian Hewitt deserves full credit and us and all subscription and membership infor- recognition for the planning and organization mation is now under control. In addition, we of the 2-week itinerary for the 18 participants have considerable potential for other areas of and their individual interests. It was an achieve- Association records and reports which are now ment of consequence to the Special Libraries possible with the use of System/B equipment. Association in regard to its international rela- A revised Pay Plan was developed by the Ex- tions that will undoubtedly leave its impact on ecutive Director and, with minor modifications the visitors for a long time. after consultation with the Committee, was recommended to the Board of Directors. The revision included adjustments in many of the Grades to keep us competitive in the face of local and national cost of living increases. In Membership addition, there was clarification of the Grades applicable to clerical personnel and those for After the 1971 Conference in San Francisco, administrative/professional personnel. the Membership Committee tried to plan a The Committee began to regularize its sched- meeting which would enable the Committee as ule again so that it will have two planned meet- a whole to work out a plan which would be ings, one a month before the Fall Board meet- effective in bringing in new members to the ing and another a month before the Jun Con- Association. ference. A plan utilizing the services of the Philadel- The Committee wishes to acknowledge the phia Chapter was outlined, in which a subcom- good staff work done by the Executive Director mittee would create a "Lead List" by compari- in developing materials and recommendations son of various directories and membership lists for consideration at its meetings. with the SLA Directory. Non-members would be selected and this group of names forwarded to the Chapters for follow-up. By Fall almost 1,000 names had been gathered for circulation to the Chapters. International Relations In November the first "Membership Madness Memo" was circulated with a copy of eight or Due to the untiring effort of the committee ten names which had evolved from this effort. and the support from committee coordinators This Memo outlined the plans of the Commit- and general members, the achievements of the tee to provide each Chapter, on approximately past year have proven encouraging. a monthly basis, names of persons to be ap- A luncheon meeting at the I971 SLA Confer- proached by the Chapter regarding membership ence attracted over 20 persons, and it was de- in the Association. cided to again schedule a luncheon for the 1972 Three subsequent Memos were mailed in Jan, Mar and May; each has a list of names to It is also the feeling of the Committee that be used as a "Hot Lead." To date approximately perhaps an incentive scheme be aimed at the two thousand names have been circulated to the individual instead of the Chapter as a means of Chapters. creating greater personal interest in the cam- During the Winter Meeting we conducted paign. sessions in which Chapter officers could air their The Memos with accompanying "Lead Lists" views, their suggestions, and their problems. will continue in the coming year, as well as per- The idea met with such success that similar ses- sonal contact with every Chapter leader, to as- sions were held during the Boston Conference. sist these persons to implement successful cam- With the Student Membembip Drive well un- paigns within their own Chapters. With new derway under the guidance of the Student Rela- members added to the Committee this year, tions Officer, the Membership Committee turned hopefully new ideas and ways to accomplish a its attention to the task of increasing Members, successful campaign will be forthcoming. Associate Members, and Sustaining Members. The aim of the Membership Committee was to effect a net gain of 30 Sustaining Members and 400 Members or Associate Members over the total reported at the year end of 1971. Nominating A recommendation was made at the Winter Meeting that the efforts and results of the indi- The slate of officers prepared by the 1971172 vidual Chapters in adding to membership rolls Nominating Committee was submitted to the be recognized by appropriate presentations dur- Board of Directors Sep 27, 1971, and amended ing the Boston Conference: by letter dated Jan 5, 1972. The complete roster was published in Special Libraries 63 (no.2): p. (a) Chapter with the greatest number of new 85-89 (Feb 1972). The eight names submitted Student Members in 1971; represent 1972 candidates for the following of- (b) Chapter with the greatest number of new fices: President-Elect, Chairman-Elect of the Members and Associate Members combined in Advisory Council and two Directors (1972175). 1971; In the interest of better utilization of SLA (c) Chapter with the greatest number of new members, the Nominating Committee discussed Sustaining Members in 1971; the desirability of providing a role for both (d) Announce at the same Banquet those Chap- candidates for SLA President-Elect, the one re- ters which have significant numbers of new ceiving more votes to be President-Elect and members in the same categories, thus far in the the one receiving the lesser number to be Chair- 1972 membership campaign; man-Elect of the Advisory Council. The Com- (e) That an annual "Chapter Growth Award" mittee hereby makes this recommendation for be presented to the Chapter with the greatest Board consideration. percentage growth in membership (all classes JAMESHUMPHRY I11 combined), based on a comparison of Dec 31 membership counts; (F) That an incentive award, $10.00 of the dues received from each new Sustaining Member, be Planning returned to the Chapter; the incentive award is to be paid only for the first year of member- During the past year the various committees ship of each Sustaining Member, but that the that were given the responsibility to work on incentive awards for new Sustaining Members the goals have worked hard. As a result, several should continue in future years. of the committees have presented good programs and recommendations to the Board. A reinforcement message has been included One goal was dropped-No. 6. After due con- in "Membership Madness Memos" for Chapters sideration by the Documentation Division, this to follow-up the lack of renewals within their goal, as it was framed, was impossible for them Chapters, hoping in this way to effect a reduc- to satisfactorily implement. Goal 6 was concerned tion in unpaid drops. A plea was made for all with the Association's participation in informa- Chapters to seek within their own area possible tion networks. The Planning Committee felt that new Sustaining Member-perhaps even within networks have developed so rapidly since the their own membership in the form of the mem- goal was formulated that they are now a part bers' employers. of special librarianship; therefore, Goal 6 was Arrangements were made for the Committee no longer a valid goal. The Planning Commit- to meet during the Conference to plan strategy tee recommended to the Board that it be for the 197211973 membership campaign. This dropped. The Board followed the recommenda- Committee feels that a continuation of the tion. membership campaign should be strongly rec- Especially active have been the committees ommended because the momentum of such a concerned with Education (Goal l), Research campaign picks up as time goes on, and a full (Goal 2) and Manpower needs (Goal 4). Details realization of the impact of such an effort is on the activities will be found in their annual only reflected with the passage of time. reports. Goal 5, dealing with cooperation with other library associations, is one that obviously the program was coordinated with headquarters can and should be quite productive. One of the to avoid a duplication of effort. continuing activities will be the Association's Each member of the Committee was assigned relationship with ASIS. specific Chapters and requested to contact the The remaining goal, Goal 3, concerned with Chapter recruitment chairman. This was not en- knowing the membership of Special Libraries tirely successful, since headquarters is not al- Association, is one that the 1972173 Planning ways advised of the name of this chairman. Committee might work on and give guidance However, in many instances, lively correspond- to the Division and Chapter Liaison Officers. ence was initiated which provided encouragement The Committee is not suggesting any addi- for an active Chapter recruitment chairinan. tional long-range goals at this time. Hopefully, The chairmen have been requested to submit as the Planning Committee has submitted no their ideas for future activities and these will additional goals since they were formulated in be discussed by the Recruitment Committee at 1969, next year's Committee may have some- the Boston Conference. thing to present to the Board during 1972173. Plans for future Recruitment Committee activities include the following: 1) Update the "Data sheets on special library careers"; 2) Pub- lish a Recruitment Newsletter; 3) Prepare a manual for the use of Chapter Recruitment Publisher Relations Chairmen; 4) Cooperate with the Library School Representatives for SLA Student Groups. The Committee met twice as a unit and once in a special session with representatives of the Association of American Publishers (see separate annual report for the Joint Committee). Research Committee Contacts with publishers: Twelve complaints from librarians about publisher activities were The Research Committee proposed that a received and acted upon by the Committee. series of state-of-the-art reviews of research be Four recent cases are still pending. All but one prepared in order to identify needed research dealt with domestic publishers. Cooperation and to establish priorities for such research and levels by the publishers varied g~eatlybut there to recommend levels of support. The Board of were no instances of non-response (except for Directors accepted the Committee's proposal and the aforementioned four). A supplementary re- allocated money for three reviews during the port containing the details in survey form will current fiscal year. SLA entered into an agree- be prepared after Jun 30, 1972. ment with ERIC/CLIS for bibliographic support Awareness of the Committee's existence by in the production of the reviews. the membership was somewhat greater this Three reviewers were chosen and are now at year and this may ebentually require revamping work on the first series of reviews. These re- Committee responsibilities because of the tre- viewers and their topics are as follows: mendous amount of necessary correspondence 1. Miss Janice Ladendorf, North Star Research and other paper work. and Development Institute, Minneapolis. "The Questionnaire: The questionnaire to investigate Changing Role of the Special Librarian in In- promotional practices of publishers and acqui- dustry, Business and Government." sition procedures of librarians was revised and 2. Mrs. Elin Christianson, Library Consultant, improved and costs for printing and distribution Hobart, Indiana. "The Emerging Role of the were determined. However, AAP decided it Paraprofessional in Special Librarianship." could not afford to support the project at this 3. Dr. Lawrence Allen, Dean, Graduate Library time, despite their continuing high interest. School, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Thus the plan is shelved for lack of funds. "Continuing Education Needs of Special Li- Conferences: No separate program for the Bos- brarians." ton Conference was planned since the questionnaire project was tabled. However, the Com- It is estimated that two of the three reviews mittee did cooperate with the Publishing and will be completed during 1972; the third is to Social Sciences Divisions in their presentation be completed during the first quarter of 1973. of a panel on "The New Technology: Publish- ers and Libraries." ROBERTG. KRUPP Rcsolutwns See SL 63 (no.7): p.335 Uul 1972).

The Recruitment Committee spent the year SLA Professional Award and Hdl of Fame formulating plans for implementing the responsibilities of this Committee as revised in 1970. Janet Bogardus was named to the SLA Hall Since new brochures are needed in this field, of Fame for 1972. SLA President Efren W. Gonzalez presented the SLA Hall of Fame medal- Even though deadlines were moved up in lion and scroll to Miss Bogardus at the banquet order to expedite the Committee's business, during the Annual Conference in Boston. April and May of this year proved to be as James B. Adler was named the recipient of hectic as in the past because most deadlines the 1972 SLA Professional Award for his inno- were not met. This was compounded by the vative publication CISlZndex. The announce- uncertainty of receipt of school acceptances and ment and presentation were also made at the Chapter Interviews for which the Committee banquet in Boston. waited as long as possible in fairness to the The Committee recommended to the Board applicants. of Directors that a Special Citation be presented The Committee is making slow progress on to Verner W. Clapp for his consistent support its study of scholarships to be awarded nationals in the field of librarianship. The Committee of countries other than Canada and the United further recommended that the name of Howard States. However, letters have been sent to the Haycraft, a longtime enthusiastic supporter of deans of admissions of schools which have gradu- SLA, be presented to the Association Member- ate library programs. This was done because ship during the Annual Business Meeting for the first result of the study indicated that li- election as an Honorary Member of SLA. brary schools ordinarily abide by the rules of the university on the admission of foreigners. The Committee will continue its work on this study to meet its report deadline of June 1973.

Scholarship

Seventy-five applications were submitted for the three $2,500 scholarships offered this year. Standards Only fourteen people supplied all the required documentation and one person withdrew. The second year of the redefined and merged The winners, in alphabetical order, were: Professional Standards and Statistics Committees Peggy J. Beavers, Tuskegee, Alabama; Pamela was concerned with the continuation of specific Ann Sexton, Denton, Texas; and Masha Zipper, responsibilities and the addition of new ones. Brooklyn, New York. The alternates were Law- Continuing responsibilities were: 1) Liaison with rence Skladanowski, Erie, Pennsylvania; and the Federal Library Committee's Subcommittee Jane Stewart, Reno, Nevada. on Statistical Programs; 2) Implementation of There were 14 men and 61 women who ap- the Association's Goal No. 4: manpower projec- plied from 28 of the United States. There were tions for special libraries; 3) Liaison with the no applications from Canada. U.S. Civil Service Commission's Job Evaluation A most important part of the documentation and Pay Review Task Force; 4) Special repre- was missing in 21 instances and in 7 of these sentation to Sectional Committee Z-39 of the it prevented a full consideration of applicants American National Standards Institute. New re- for awards since everything else was in order. sponsibilities were: 5) Liaison with the National This missing document was the Chapter Inter- Center for Educational Statistics of the U.S. view. The Committee has no clear idea why Office of Education; 6) Liaison with the Bureau such documentation was not forthcoming; how- of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of ever, the Committee wishes to emphasize again Labor. the yeoman work done by the Chapters which Review and comment on proposals for statis- supplied the interviews it did receive, and also tical surveys, establishment of standards for the great importance of the interview in the evaluation of professional on job performance, scholarship awards procedures. and organization of the Association's manpower Another important document, which is the survey summarizes the major activities of the responsibility of the applicant to see supplied, Committee. Specific activities were: is the provisional acceptance by a graduate school. Thirty-seven of these documents were 1. Review and suggestions for addition to the lacking. Again there is no clear idea as to why. Federal Library Committee's Subcommittee on Perhaps the relatively small number of com- Statistical Programs questionnaire for the 1972 pleted applications was because of the changes Federal Library Survey. Funds for this survey in Headquarters routine recommended by the were provided by the U.S. Office of Education Committee last year in order to alleviate the and during early 1972 revision of previous sur- work overload in the Membership Department. vey forms was undertaken. The Standards Com- These changes have discontinued the prod- mittee suggested additions to the questionnaire ding, by the Membership Department, of appli- on manpower needs which would obtain data to cants to supply the necessary papers needed to supplement or validate the Association's man- properly evaluate their need. power survey. The Committee is satisfied that the three 2. Two presentations by the chairman on winners and two alternates chosen are superior problems associated with the manpower projec- candidates. tions survey. The first took place at the Com- mittee meeting during the Annual Conference Special Libraries to appear in a forthcoming in San Francisco; and the second was a status issue of Library Trends. and review of survey scope description for the LOGAN0. COWGILL Advisory Council at the Midwinter Meeting in Richmond. Progress on the survey itself includes the assistance of a professional statistician to establish final design of the survey questionnaire Student Relations O&er and to develop a validity formula for the respondent list. Final layout design was provided Ten SLA Student Groups have been formed by a professional graphics firm. The remaining during the 1971-72 academic year. These Groups principal problem concerns the adequacy of originated in different ways, some with assistance the respondent list following a disappointing. from the Chapter Representative; others, with response from the Chapters during the summer. initiation mostly from the Faculty Representa- A pilot test of the form at 4 or 5 libraries in tive. The programs of each Group have also the Washington, D.C. area is under way. This been quite varied. In many cases, they have been test will be conducted by personal visit to obtain planned in conjunction with the local Chapters. immediate reactions. Some problems arose as to the procedure for 3. Review and comment on the report of the attaining Student Group status since in some Civil Service Commission's Task Force on Job instances students sent in their memberships Evaluation and Pay Review. This review was without indicating they wished to be part of a performed with ad hoc local assistance because Group and there was some confusion regarding of required short time response and the intra- the dues. It is hoped that in the future a new government nature of the report. Coordination application form will alleviate these problems. with the Association's Governmental Relations A meeting is planned for Jun 5, 1972 at the Project was achieved by having the project coor- Boston Conference for Faculty Representatives, dinator as an ad hoc Committee member. Revi- Chapter Representatives, Students, and anyone sion of job standards resulting from the report interested in the Student Groups. Hopefully, will be accomplished through a special task force other problems that the Groups have had can of the Federal Library Committee chaired by be discussed and worked out at that time. While SLA member Lilliam Hamrick. most Groups seem satisfied with the present 4. Review and comment on draft of new and loose structure of the Groups, others have in- revised ANSI standards. Drafts most recently dicated a desire for some kind of guidelines. reviewed include: periodicals format and ar- This, too, will be discussed at the Conference rangement, criteria for price indexes for library meeting. Possibly some recommendation for materials, and technical reports-format and setting up such guidelines will come out of the production. meeting. 5. Liaison with the National Center for Edu- LUCILLEWHALEN cational Statistics which is a continuation of the activity with the American Library Association's Statistics Coordinating Committee and follows Tellers the ALA report to the Office of Education on a national plan for library statistics. The Center For report on Election of Officers see SL 63 is implementing parts of this report during the (no.7): p.335 (Jul 1972). year with its Library General Information Survey (LIBGIS), for which there was a planning meeting on January 10. 6. Discussion with the Bureau of Labor Statis- H. W.Wilson Company Award tics on the need for manpower data and the design of a planned survey which will be based The Committee submits the following choice upon a structured interview with approximately as the first H. W. Wilson Company Award 100 librarians representing the spectrum of li- covering publications in volume 62 aan-Dec braries. Candidate special libraries were sug- 1971) of Special Libraries: Waldron, Helen J., gested. "The Business of Running a Special Library," Special Libraries 62: p.63-70 (Feb 1971). In addition, the chairman co-authored, with Robert J. Havlik, an article on Standards for Reports of Special Committees 197 1/72

Special Committee to Study sentatives of over 25 different organizations de- Copyright Larw Revision bated the merits of this proposal at the respective meetings. SLA monitored these deliberations Though the statutory revision remained dor- only. mant during this reporting period with further In April, at the direction of the SLA Presi- action by the Senate not anticipated until 1973 dent, and with the assistance of SLA members at the earliest, this Committee continued to Rosenstein, Cabeen and Binnington, the chair- monitor all copyright problems that might con- man prepared an Association position paper on cern the Association. copyright questions related chiefly to the Wil- The principal development during the year liams 6. Wilkins opinion. This paper was dis- was the report of Commissioner Davis, U.S. tributed to the Advisory Council Apr 18, 1972 Court of Claims, in the long-awaited case of with directions for discussion and possible ac- Williams dr Wilkins Co. v. US. announced on tion by the Association at its 1972 Conference Feb 16, 1972. The rationale and possible conse- in Boston. quences of this report were given wide publicity JACKS. ELLENBERCER by all library associations and was summarized for SLA membership in Special Libraries 69 (no.3): p.155 (Mar 1972). Following this develop- Special Committee to Study ment, the chairman attended several inter- Association Structure associational meetings in Washington concerned with a briefing of exceptions to the Court of After two and one half years of research and Claims before the Court takes final action on study, and some dialog with the Advisory Coun- the Commissioner's recommendation. The As- cil, The Structure Committee submitted its re- sociation did not appear as an amicus curiae on port to the Board of Directors at the Winter the initial briefing to the Commissioner. 1972 meeting in Richmond, Virginia. The report The chairman has also continued Association consisted of six recommendations, eight sug- representation to the Washington-based Ad gestions, and a document entitled, "The Ad- Hoc Committee on Copyright Law Revision, a visory Council-Its Composition, Function, and group of 30 educational and research organiza- Mechanics of Operation." The first four recom- tions who meet periodically to monitor copy- mendations were approved by the Board of Di- right developments. In Oct and Mar, the chair- rectors. Recommendations 5 and 6 were re- man and S. K. Cabeen, respectively, attended ferred to the Advisory Council. The Board of two Parliaments on Technological Uses of Directors accepted the Committee's eight sug- Copyrighted Works sponsored by a self- gestions and referred them back to the Com- appointed group promoting enactment of Title mittee for specific recommendations. I1 in S.644, the pending copyright revision bill. The committee submitted its recommenda- This title would ordain a so-named National tions concerning the eight suggestions to the Commission under the Library of Congress to Board at the June 1972 meeting in Boston along study and compile data on the reproduction with a recommendation to discharge the com- and use of copyrighted works under automated mittee. systems for mechanized reproduction. Repre- APHRODITEMAMOULIDES

Reports of Joint Committees 1971/72

Association of American PublishersSpecial coming year the new joint committee meet early Libraries Association Joint Committee to determine its course of action. An almost entire new set of AAP representatives are to be Responsibility for the project dealing with involved. promotional practices of publishers and acquisi- ROBERTG. KRUPP tion procedures of librarians was transferred this year to the Publisher Relations Committee. Due to various problems within the AAP, no Joint Committee on Library Service meetings of the Joint Committee were held ex- in Hospitals (CNLA) cept for one exploratory session in April to determine the advisability of continuing the re- This report summarizes the activities of the lationship. It was recommended that during the Joint Committee on Library Service in Hospi- tals (CNLA) since January 1971. The Committee pital Association's Convention in Chicago, Aug met four times, on Feb 26, 1971, Jun 3, 1971, 23-26, 1971. This, together with copies of Jul 9, 1971, and Jan 27, 1972. Haynes' Bibliography on Planning Library A review of the Committee's organizational Quarters and the American Library Association's guide resulted in changing the statement con- flyer advertising the new Standards for Libmr- cerning membership on the Committee to "rep- ies in Health Care Institutions, was distributed resentatives of library, health sciences, hospital, to visitors to the Committee's exhibit which had and related agencies interested in library senice as its theme "Standards and Planning" and fea- in hospitals and schools of nursing." tured a revolving photographic tetrahedron de- A discussion of the possibility of including picting various aspects of hospital library serv- representatives of the nursing profession on the ice. The blown-up plan of a hospital library Committee, possibly from the American Nurses formed part of the backdrop. The tetrahedron Association or the National League for Nursing, was planned and executed by the staff of the led to the decision to approach the Interagency Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois. Council on Library Resources for Nursing with The need for budgeting to obtain support a proposal to merge the two groups because of from the various associations represented on the their parallel representatian and parallel ob- Joint Committee was discussed at length and a jectives. It was agreed that a merger would be budget was drawn up and accepted at the Jan economically beneficial to the association5 rep- 27, 1972 meeting. Since the three hospital asso- resented, would broaden the outlook of both ciations represented on the Joint Committee groups, and would obviate the present duplica- have always contributed space for the Commit- tion of effort on bibliographic projects. The tee's exhibit at their annual meetings, it was proposal wa5 made at the Interagency Council's decided that financial support would be sought Mar 5, 1971, meeting and the Council agreed to from the library association members only. meet with members of the Joint Committee It was decided to use the same tetrahedron in during the Medical Library Association meet- the exhibit at the American Health Congress- ings in New York City. At the Jun 3 joint meet- a joint meeting of the American Hospital Asso- ing the Council rejected the merger because of ciation, Catholic Hospital Association, American its concern that "the identity of nursing might Nursing Homes Association, and Health Indus- be lost" by merging the two groups. The Coun- tries Association-to be held at McCormick cil, however, agreed to a liaison between the Place in Chicago, Aug 7-10, 1972, and to empha- two groups for two or three years in order to size hospital library services. This will be an ex- identify areas of duplication. This liaison al- cellent opportunity to reach administrators of ready exists since several members have dual all types of health care facilities. appointments to the Interagency Council and GENEVIEVECOLE the Joint Committee. A revised edition of the "Basic List of Guides and Information Sources for Professional and Joint Committee on the Union List of Serials Patients' Libraries in Hospitals" was published in time for distribution at the American Hos- No activity.

Reports of SLA Representatives to Other Organizations 1971/72

American Association for the Advancement cieties will no longer have direct membsrship on of Science (AAAS) (Section T:Information the Council but will be represented by section and Communication) appointees. It is too soon to evaluate what effects these changes may have on SLA's continued The AAAS is proceeding slowly through pain- participation in AAAS. ful major reorganization. The main thrust of the The next scheduled meeting of the Council changes is in the area of the AAAS Council and is during the annual conference in Washington how it is to be constituted. Preliminary steps of and after that session there should be more changes of both bylaws and constitution are cur- clarification of what the future offers to the rently in progress. affiliated societies. Prior to the changes, SLA, as one of the AAAS As SLA's current representative to the Coun- affiliated societies, was entitled to a council cil, I attended the 1971 annual meeting in Phila- member. In order to reduce the size of the delphia. Council to a more workable body, affiliated so- ROBERTW. GIBSON,JR. American Association of Law Libraries tee. More recently, Miss Griffin has been working to develop a special library component for An exchange of representatives between SLA the 1972 U.S.A./Japan Computer Conference, to and AALL was put into effect by the two asso- be held in Japan in October, 1972. ciations in the spring of this year as part of These few key SLA members have had a sig- their policies to work closely with other related nificant impact on AFIPS operations. This has associations. This should improve communica- been basically achieved through committee actions between SLA and AALL, and the 1972/73 tivity, AFIPS Board activity, and the involve- year will give the two representatives an oppor- ment of Chapter and Division membership at tunity to see how they can best serve this aim. the JCC's. Although SLA benefits will be reviewed later, it is worth noting that an increasing number of SLA members are participating in AFIPS meetings each year. Further, there are American Association of Colleges of signs in conference planning that, beginning in Pharmacy-Conference of Teachers: the spring of 1973, more JCC's will be held in Section of Librarians large cities than before. The first such meeting will be held in Philadelphia. If this potential The Section will hold its third annual meet- trend sustains itself (a study is underway to de- ing with the Pharmacy Teachers' Seminar at the termine this), JCC's will be held in locations Ohio State University Center for Tomorrow more convenient to SLA members. Therefore, Jul 17-19, 1972. The meeting's theme is "Eval- increased SLA participation and visibility is ex- uation of Pharmacy Libraries and Resources for pected. An example of this occurred when AFIPS Improvement." met in Houston last year. The primary activity of the Section is the Presently there are eleven AFIPS constituent formulation of Standards for Pharmacy School societies: The Association for Computing Ma- Libraries. Dr. Martha Jane Zachert of the Li- chinery; IEEE Computer Society; Simulation brary School at Florida State University is serv- Councils, Inc.; American Society for Informa- ing as Consultant on Standards to the Section. tion Science; American Institute of Certified A set of Draft Standards was presented to the Public Accountants; American Statistical Asso- Section at the previous meeting by the Com- ciation; Association for Computational Lin- mittee on Standards chaired by Theodora An- guistics; Society for Industrial and Applied drews of Purdue. Mathematics; Society for Information Display; Section Officers are as follows: Chairman: Special Libraries Association; American Insti- Mrs. Elizabeth C. Jackson, Mercer University, tute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and the Southern School of Pharmacy (1971172); Vice- Instrument Society of America. The Association Chairman: Mrs. Virginia Hall, Ohio State Uni- for Educational Data Systems has applied for versity (1971172); Secretary-Treasurer: Mrs. membership. Janet Krieger, University of Minnesota (19701 73); Representative to the Council of the Con- 1971 172 HIGHLIGHTS ference of Teachers: Miss Betty Ann Hellums, University of Mississippi (1970172); Editor, Phar- 1. Executive Director. The establishment of a macy Librarian: Miss Dolores Nemec, University Selection Committee has been approved by the of Wisconsin. Board to locate a new Executive Director to ELIZABETHCHRISTIAN JACKSON take over the reins of AFIPS in the spring of 1973. Dr. Gilchrist's term as Executive Director expires at this time. American Federation of Information 2. Economic Factors. Attendance at the JCC's Processing Societies (APZPS) has declined recently in terms of attendees and exhibitors. A detailed analysis of this situation Initial efforts were aimed at understanding is underway. The results of the study will sug- the make-up of AFIPS and the JCC's (Joint gest alternatives for operations and conferences. Computer Conferences) and designing an effec- A report to the Board is due in Jul. If necessary, tive network of human resources to become in- a special Board meeting may be called in Jul voIved in AFIPS initiatives. These early efforts to avoid problems with long term conference sought to establish coordinators for the JCC's planning. and members for AFIPS committees relevant to 3. Education Committee. A new Education SLA interests. Mrs. Elizabeth Brociner and Joe Committee has been formed. Immediate con- Ann Clifton accepted responsibility for the cerns revolve around the AFIPS internship pro- Spring and Fall JCC respectively. Additionally, gram for providing computer-based technical Robert Durkin serves on the Information Sys- assistance to developing countries. SLA should tems Committee, W. Brandhorst on the Public carefully observe this committee and consider Information Committee, and last fall Caryl Mc- placing a member on the committee in the fall. Allister became a member of the Social Implica- This program could be expanded to include spe- tions Committee. Prior to Mrs. McAllister's cial librarians and information specialists. appointment, Miss Marjorie Griffin had repre- 4. Professional Certification Committee. By sented SLA on the Social Implications Commit- the end of Jul a survey of 2,000 programmers will be completed. The survey will identify and pleted there is little expectancy of any action rank the importance of tasks and skills. A plan on these items. However, in letters from Presi- is to be developed and presented to the Board dent Gonzalez during the year we have contin- in Nov for AFIPS to establish a certification ued to stress these points. program. 10. Management and Coordination of SLA 5. Social Zmfilications Committee. Harold Personnel. Numerous discussions were held with Sackman reported that the two current projects President Gonzalez on improving communica- of the Social Implications Committee are in tions between SLA members working with AFIPS their final stages. Panel meetings at the JCC and the SLA Board of Directors. In view of the will report on "Planning Community Informa- SLA immediate Past President's serving as proc- tion Utilities" and "Computers and the Prob- tor for Special Representatives, a decision was lems of Society." The manuscripts for the two reached to have each official SLA participant in volumes are nearly completed. A publication AFIPS activities report to the SLA Board date of Spring 1972 is planned. through the SLA proctor. This process is in 6. Znformation Systems Committee. Two effect during this present reporting period. Co- workshops have been held to consider the user ordination will still be necessary among all interface for interactive search of bibliographic AFIPS participants, plus it will be necessary for data bases. The proceedings of the first are being SLA headquarters to organize the individual published by AFIPS Press. Specific projects be- reports from the participants into a consolidated ing planned include a survey of available on-line annual report. services and an effort leading to the develop- 11. SLA Benefits from AFIPS. Benefits from ment of effective procedures for vocabulary con- professional society activity are very intangible. trol in the information and computer sciences. It is impossible to place a value on a workshop 7. International Relations Committee. The which may have been looking at the future- International Relations Committee consists of and now for the first time, a special library com- people who have been appointed by AFIPS to ponent was a part of the planning. In the participate in an international activity. Conse- months ahead Mrs. Brociner, Mrs. Clifton and I quently, it has not really been functioning as a will try to highlight benefits to the SLA Board. committee. However, under Dick Tanaka's lead- From my personal observances, most benefits ership, it is now intended that it begin to func- have occurred in the workshops, committee tion in that capacity. Key activity here empha- meetings and other small group sessions rather sizes IFIP activities and the U.S.A.1 Japan Com- than at the main JCC. From time to time speak- puter Conference. Plans are being developed to ers on the AFIPS programs and special SLA pre- increase AFIPS activities with Mexico and Can- and post-conference seminars have not only ada. provided a new forum for the exchange of in- 8. AFZPS Oficers for 1972173. formation and ideas, but they have created a President-Walter Anderson, General Kinetics, greater awareness of special librarianship and Inc. the need for information processing expertise Vice President-Robert Kudlich, Raytheon Com- on special library systems problems. pany Benefits can also be .measured by success. Secretary-Richard Blue, Sr., TRW Systems Each program developed by SLA JCC Coordina- Group tors in collaboration with Chapter and Divi- Treasurer-George Glaser, McKinsey & Co., Inc. sion members has been successful. These activi- 9. AFZPS Input to SLA. At President Gon- ties have been self-sustaining and last year the zalez's request, I attended a special meeting Texas Chapter presented a check to the SLA with AFIPS President Uncapher and Vice Presi- scholarship fund for $75.00. dent Anderson and other Constituent Presidents. The substance of the meeting was to consider how new strategies could be developed to broaden conferences (by adding an industry focus, eg., medicine) and other approaches that American Federation of Znformation could aim at strengthening JCC Conference op- Processing Societies (AFZPS) Fall Joint erations. Although overall attention was on Computer Conference flow from Constituent Societies to AFIPS, I raised the question of AFIPS taking on a more In the fall of 1969 in Las Vegas, SLA spon- aggressive posture in securing its relationship sored a post conference seminar, titled "Interdis- with Constituent Societies. Topical workshops, ciplinary Approaches to Information Problems seminars and participation at Constituent So- of the '70s." It was excellent. Our only wish ciety conferences on the program and as an ex- would have been for a higher attendance. We hibitor were recommended ways to improve manned the SLA booth, exhibited samples of communications and common interests between our publications and gave out brochures which AFIPS and Constituent Societies. These rec- explained who and what our members are. ommendations were well received, in that ap- The seminar was financially self-sustaining. parently it had not occurred to AFIPS officers In the fall of 1970, a post conference seminar that this form of interaction was needed. Until was held at the FJCC in Houston. It was also the current JCC conference studies are com- very well done, thanks to the cooperation and efforts of the Texas Chapter. The $75 profit When the Board approved our plan for the was donated to the SLA Scholarship fund. The Exhibit Booth "in principle" but could not SLA booth was again manned, etc. provide the financial support needed, we de- In 1971, I decided the time had come to at- cided to find another source for funds. Four tempt to get our program into the main FJCC Divisions were contacted and agreed to help: program, rather than to have another post con- Sci-Tech Division gave $400, Aerospace and ference. This has been one of our main objec- Documentation Divisions each gave $200, and tives from the beginning. It almost happened. Social Science Division gave $100. The Princeton- Due to lack of space at the Vegas Convention Trenton Chapter gave $25. With this total dona- Center, many sessions were eliminated, includ- tion of $925, and the assistance of Frank Mc- ing ours. Kenna, we obtained a booth and furnishings for Since it was too late to schedule a post con- our Exhibit immediately to the right inside the ference seminar we just manned the booth, com- entrance to the Main Hall-an excellent loca- municated at every opportunity and gave out tion. literature. People from other disciplines wanted We were overwhelmed by the interest shown to know more about us, such as what we do in both the Special Libraries Association and with computers, etc. the APA computer-accessed information system. This year, I presented a program plan for a At least 300 people stopped to find out what three hour session to Donald Meier, Chairman kind of association we represented and why we of the Technical Program Committee for the were there. The majority of the visitors were 1972 FJCC. He liked the content and format managers who were intrigued by a professional so well he asked me to expand it into an all association of librarians interested enough in day session, and he asked me to be manager automation and computer systems to present of the session. their ideas in the exhibit area. They asked Ours will be one of the three vertical ad- searching questions about the Association, our junct programs which AFIPS is giving to en- libraries and our knowledge of computer sys- courage attendance of users and exhibitors of tems. They picked up literature for their own equipment. The vertical adjunct programs have use and for their librarians-including mem- to be self-contained as to subject and presenta- bership applications for their librarians or tion. It will probably be held on Wednesday, their companies. Other Booth visitors were Dec 6, 1972. The title of the session will be computer programmers and system analysts ask- "Computers in Information Data Centers." ing questions about what we thought our prob- A milestone has been passed. We finally lems were and how they should be solved. Oth- achieved our goal of being part of the AFIPS ers asked questions about librarianship as a program. It is important because AFIPS is the profession for their relatives or friends. only conference that offers such an interdisci- Our answer to the prime question, "As a pro- plinary audience. Systems analysts, program- fessional organization, why are you here?" was mers, librarians, linguists, mathematicians, etc. in essence, "As professional librarians we feel can get together and find out about each that we need to build a bridge between ourselves other's problems. Each group tends to concen- as users and the people exhibiting or attending trate on its isolated field and its unique set of the Spring Joint Computer Conference, to pro- problems. mote more understanding and better communi- Since this will be SLA's first time on the cations with those producing the equipment and AFIPS program, it will be watched closely. The developing the systems we need to handle our standards of AFIPS are exceedingly high, but library information problems." I am confident that our members and our pro- What do we do next? As Special Representa- gram will be able to meet the challenge. tive to the SJCC, I feel that we should not let our drive slow down. There has been a lot of correspondence between our President, Efren Gonzalez, and various AFIPS officials in regard American Federation of Information to the improvement and reorganization of Processing Societies (AMPS) Spring Joint AFIPS. In fact, his replies to Herbert Koller's Computer Conference request for responses on AFIPS Services to Con- stituent Societies were the only two received The 1972 Spring Joint Computer Conference and I think they made quite an impression on provided another first for the Special Libraries the AFIPS Executive Committee. There is still Association in the Exhibit Booth co-sponsored much discussion ahead about the future of with the American Psychological Association. AFIPS and its role in the information industry. The success of our venture can be measured by Whatever is decided, I feel that as an associa- the number and types of people that asked tion we should continue to take an active part questions, the kinds of information they wanted, in whatever ways are open to us. We have the enthusiasm felt by the SLA members who much to gain and nothing to lose from closer manned the Booth, and the fact that we ran out contacts with the other member societies. of membership applications and other important literature the first afternoon. rlmerican Library Association. Library specimen was printed for comment by the full Technology Program Advisory Committee Committee who sent it back to the Subcommit- tee with 49 comments (another example of the This is your representative's sixth and last detailed work required before an ANSI standard year on this Advisory Committee (ALA limits is made available to the user). membership on committees to a maximum of six Two standards developed by the NMA (Na- continuous years). It is unfortunate that during tional Microfilm Association) have been sub- the last four years, the Committee had been mitted to ANSI for approval. The standards compelled to devote most of its time to justify- MS-1 on Quality Standards for Computer-Out- ing the continuation of the essential services put-Microfilm and MS-2 on Format and Coding performed so well by LTP. These services have standards for Computer-Output-Microfilm.These been in great demand for about ten years. documents have been published in the NMA It has been one financial crisis after another. Journal of Micrographics. The Committee had to concern itself with the Your Representative has been appointed to immediate survival of LTP. In such situations, an Editorial Committee to assist in editing PH5 long range planning and suggestions of new standards after they are approved by letter services are futile. ballot and before they are sent to ANSI. There were three meetings during this past Your Representative was a member of Ad year, mostly going over the same grounds. Not Hoc Committee on Consumer Aspects of Photo- much could be done until a stable sponsor graphic Media and Equipment. This Committee could be found, or a decision made to reduce strongly agreed that there was a need for con- LTP to performing only financially self-sup- sumer oriented specifications to be included porting functions. The problem with the latter with most ANSI PH5 standards. The pilot alternative is that some of the most useful in- project to test the value of this type of con- formation services to the library profession are sumer standards follows: not income producing. The following consumer interest provisions DONT. HO should be added to the PH5.1 Standard for Microfilm Readers for 16 mm and 35 mm Film on Reels, Specifications for, as a special section American National Standards Institute entitled: (ANSI)Sectional Committee on Photographic Reproduction of Documents, PH5 CONSUMER NEEDS ANSI Sectional Committee on Photographic 1. A reader should be sturdily constructed and Reproduction of Documents, PH5, met in two capable of withstanding hard usage. sessions during the past year to review the work 2. Its base should be stable. of the three subcommittees. The membership of 3. It should operate on standard 120 volts the Committee is comprised of the representa- AC, 60 cycles. tives of about fifty organizations. 4. The lamp, preferably, should be of com- Subcommittee PH5-1 is presently concerned mon design. with the draft standards PH5.12 and PH5.14 re- 5. The lamp should be readily accessible so lating to the thickness of microfilm carriers and that a relatively unskilled person may change it the adhesion of the protection sheet. It is re- without tools. viewing Standard PH5.3 relating to 16 mm and 6. Replacement lamp should be easily ob- 35 mm microfilm sizes so that the 105 mm size tained through most electrical supply houses. may also be included. The Subcommittee's Task If not, the name and address of a source of Group on 16 mm Microfilm Containers is con- supply should be provided. tinuing its efforts to develop a standard for use 7. The lamp should have a reasonably high by all manufacturers. life expectancy. The rated life expectancy Subcommittee PH5-2 has completely rewritten should be stated in the literature accompanying a draft of Standard PH5.9-1970 on Microfiche each reader. Specifications. The new draft standard will soon 8. It would be desirable to have a dimmer be submitted to the full Committee for letter control to enable the user to increase or de- ballot and then, if approved, will be sent to crease the illumination from the light source on ANSI for approval and sale. Draft Standard the screen. PH5.5 on Specifications for Micro-opaques has 9. The magnification factor of the lens should been submitted to the full Committee for letter bring the projected image back to the size of, ballot. Several Task Groups of this Committee or, preferably, to a larger size than the original. are discussing the various aspects of Micro- Preferably, also, an entire or a full image opaque equipment in order to develop standards should fit onto the screen. in this area. 10. Variable magnification is desirable. When Subcommit~eePH5-3 is concerned with docu- this is achieved by changing lenses the changing ment copies readable without the aid of optical should be relatively simple yet the misappro- devices. It continues to study the draft of the priation of the lenses by casual readers should "Test Target for Office Copiers." Work has con- be very difficult. tinued on this test chart for several years. A 11. The film loading operation should be readily understandable after the first explana- Documentation in 1971. The spring meeting is tion and demonstration. scheduled for May 19, 1972 in Washington, 12. The screen should be, preferably, un- D.C. During the year there were 34 subcom- breakable or shatterproof. It should be non- mittees in various areas from machine input glare and capable of minimizing the effect of records to a code for the music industry. The artificial or natural light sources in a room. latest subcommittee to be formed is subcommit- IS. Both horizontal and vertical screen read- tee 34 for journal article citations. The princi- ers may require a hood or other device to les- pal objective of this effort will be to produce a sen the effect of ambient light. unique identification for journal articles in a 14. The screen should preferably be tilted or coded form for computer transmission. New sec-. capable of being tilted at such an angle that tional committee membership includes the In- the viewer may see the image easily and com- stitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. fortably no matter what his height or the type During the year twelve standards were in of optical reading aid employed. print and revisions or new standards in process 15. All controls should be readily accessible were: SC/9, Specialized vocabulary of informa- to both left and right handed users. The user tion dissemination; SC/17, Revision of text on should be able to use them without standing or standard book numbering to conform to the changing his position at the reader. All of them International Standard for Book Numbering of should be labeled. ISO/TC46; SC/10, Revision of 239.1-1967 for 16. A reader should be simple to use and Periodicals Format and Arrangement; SC/22, easy to clean, maintain, and repair. Fourth draft of criteria for price indexes of li- 17. Simple instructions and diagrams explain- brary materials. ing the operation, loading and unloading, clean- LOGAN0. COWGILL ing, and repair should accompany each reader. A loading or threading guide that is permanently affixed to the housing in plain view is American National Standards Institute desirable. (ANSI) Sectional Committee on 18. The reader must conform to all UL and Standardization of Library Supplies and other safety requirements. There should be no Equipment, 2-85 hazardous electrical current leakage. No external part of the reader should be capable of burning During this report year two draft performance a user. All surfaces, corners, and edges of the standards, one for card catalog cabinets, the reader should be free of burrs and rough spots. other for bracket-type metal library shelving, 19. An extra light bulb in a storage device have been reviewed by the respective subcom- preferably attached to the inside of the reader mittees prior to being presented to the full or to its hood as well as a dustproof cover for 2-85 Committee for its consideration. the reader when not in use should be supplied. 20. A one-year written warranty covering replacement of defective parts and free service for a minimum of ninety days should be pro- American Society for Infomnation vided. Science (ASIS) 21. Service facilities should be readily available. The location of the nearest of these The charge to this representative was to should be provided. work with the ASIS representative to SLA in 22. Readers designed for archival and research for appropriate areas in which joint ef- search library use should have: a) provisions for forts could be worthwhile. rotating the image on the reader 360"; b) a Questionnaire: One of my first activities was screen large enough to project an entire 35 mm to send a questionnaire to all current SLA film image. Chapter presidents, Division chairmen and Sec- I have recommended that such consumer spec- tion heads regarding the type and number of ifications continue to be developed and attached meetings and/or projects carried on with ASIS to other pH5 standards in order to inform the members in the past by these groups, as well manufacturers of the user's requirements. as a report on the outlook for the current year. I would appreciate receiving comments and The response was good, with over 75% of the suggestions from SLA members, particularly SLA groups replying. It was evident that most of with regard to consumer specifications. the activity involving cooperation with ASIS occurred in those SLA Chapters operating in areas in which local ASIS Chapters were in existence. Many of the replies stated that it was difficult to plan activities with ASIS members American National Standards Institute because they are too scattered or too few in a Sectional Committee on Library Work and particular region. There were 14 Chapters find- Documenta&ion,2-39 ing themselves in this situation. On the other hand, two SLA Chapters alone accounted for There was no autumn meeting of the full over half the total of 63 joint meetings held Z-39 Sectional Committee on Library Work and prior to this year. One Chapter alone was ex- pecting to have 6 meetings this year involving process of seeking other means of financial sup- ASIS members, thus making it responsible for port as well as a new Chairman. nearly one third of the total of 21 meetings Russell Shank, Chairman of the CNLA Joint scheduled for the current year. There was little Committee on Library Education, has recom- divisional activity. A list of possible activities mended a reassessment of the mission of this of a cooperative nature was prepared and sent Committee and the selection of a new Chairman. by me to these same officers in February. The Executive Committee will seek a replace- Joint Membership Directory: Discussions ment for Dr. Shank before further discussion of were held with the ASIS Liaison Representative the mission statement. to SLA (Mrs. Margaret Fischer) regarding the At the suggestion of Morris Cohen (AALL), desirability and possibility of SLA and ASIS interest in a Joint Committee on Prison Li- issuing a joint directory of their members. Al- braries was polled and six associations (includ- though there may be several advantages to this ing SLA) were in favor and the Joint Commit- plan, apparently the reaction on both sides is tee was established in May. Its aims are to a) at present not favorable to pursuing this idea survey collections, services and access; b) formu- any further for a variety of reasons, one of late standards; and c) recommend implementa- which is the difficulty of merging the type of tion of the standards. records maintained by ASIS with SLA's com- During its two meetings, invited speakers puterized records. briefed CNLA on the United States Book Ex- Papers at Annual Conferences: On behalf of change, the Bowker Annual (for both of which SLA, and with the concurrence of those respon- there are CNLA Advisory Committees), the Na- sible for the planning of the SLA Annual Con- tional Commission on Libraries and Informa- ference in Pittsburgh in 1973, I sent, late in tion Science, the status of the Williams and April, a proposal to Mrs. Margaret Fischer Wilkins suit against the National Library of (ASIS Liaison Representative to SLA) to have Medicine and the history and accomplishments ASIS select a group of papers, written by its of CNLA. There was also a return to the forum members, to be presented at a special afternoon concept with time scheduled for discussion of session at that SLA conference. To date no re- topics of mutual concern. The first two items sponse has been received from Mrs. Fischer on were the possibility of a joint congress of li- behalf of ASIS. It is hoped the invitation will be brary associations, and how to get and keep accepted, since it would afford an opportunity new members. Other topics are scheduled for the to renew a practice, previously done by the two next meeting in December. organizations, whereby we learn from each oth- The Council of Planning Librarians was ap- er's papers and from personal contacts which proved for membership (actually a reapplica- such papers foster. tion because it had been a member until 1965). Conclusion: Many avenues of cooperation be- The Council now consists of the following as- tween the two organizations will be explored, sociations: American Association of Law Li- and SLA members are urged to send me their brarians, American Library Association, Ameri- suggestions for furthering joint activities with can Society of Indexers, American Theological ASIS. Library Association, Association of Jewish Li- ELLISMOUNT braries. Catholic Library Association, Church and Synagogue Library Association, Library Council of National Library Associations Public Relations Council, Medical Library As- sociation, Music Library Association, Special Under the guidance of its Chairman, Robert Libraries Association, Theatre Library Associa- W. Gibson, CNLA has taken several organization. tional steps which should help it develop into SLA was one of the prime movers in the crea- a more active forum for its constituent association of CNLA, and it is gratifying to see the stir- tions. Overlapping terms for representatives rings of activity beginning again after a period have been established so that only one-third of relative inactivity. Much credit must go to need be appointed each year. Of course, repre- Mr. Gibson for persisting in his effort to bring sentatives can be reappointed by their respective new life into CNLA. It is fortunate that he will associations. The terms of the SLA representa- be serving a second term as Chairman. SLA con- tives are: Frank E. McKenna (1971172-19731 siders its membership in CNLA a valuable part 74); Efren W. Gonzalez (1971/72-1972173). of its activities. Last May the Council approved in principle EFRENW. GONZALEZ the 1971 SLA recommendation that CNLA di- vert itself of any operational activities and seek Documentation Abstracts, Znc. to engender its original purpose as a forum for discussion of mutual problems. The report was In the past year the Board of Directors of referred to the Executive Committee and is be- Documentation Abstracts, Inc. continued to sup- ing developed into specific recommendations port and encourage the promotion and wider for action. Suggestions regarding a secretariat .distribution of Information Science Abstracts, were also requested of the Executive Committee. and the attempt was to bring each issue as close Jerrold Orne, Chairman of ANSI Standards as possible to appearance on the published issue Committee Z-39 (sponsored by CNLA) is in the imprint date. It is anticipated that by the end of 1972, the periodical may be very close to ap- Wasserman (SLA); Secretary: Peter F. Sorter pearing exactly on schedule. Financial manage- (ACS/DCL); Treasurer: Joseph Kuney (ASIS). ment is now more efficient than in prior periods. Serving on the Board in addition are Paul The current treasurer offers clearer and more Fasana (ASIS), and Alberta D. Berton (SLA). intelligent data on the state of the finances. The There has been some turnover on the edi- financial condition for 1973 appears quite sound. torial staff. Mrs. Judith A. Douville began serv- Attempts to broaden the sponsorship of the ing as assistant editor in early March 1972. The publication have gone forward. ALA ISAD has editor reports that editorial and subscription solicited membership subscriptions which would matters are well in hand and that the new as- make them eligible for sponsorship and Board sistant editor is absorbing her duties very representation, but to date results have been quickly and intelligently. very limited. Negotiations with ACM's Special Information Science Abstracts gives evidence Interest Group on Information Retrieval also of being effectively managed and professionally continues. With both these groups inducements edited. It is nearly caught up on its time table to their members to subscribe at reduced rates and should be on target by the year's end. Its are designed to fulfill their organization's spon- production arrangements now appear to be sorship requirements. working rather smoothly. The finances are A number of discussions have been held re- sound and with the additional sponsoring or- garding adaptations and variations in publica- ganization and a hoped for increase in subscription practice. Particular attention has been tions, it is hoped that the publication will con- focused upon the possibility of separating the tinue and further effectively its contribution as annual index from the December issue in order a documentation source for librarianship and to ensure a better prospect for publishing the information science. issues on time. This is now actively under con- ALBERTAD. BERTON sideration. PAULWASSERMAN Promotions during the year have included a brochure distribution and a new brochure is Federal Librmy Committee now under development. Information Science Abstracts is being displayed at meetings of the Federal Library Committee work efforts were Special Libraries Association, American Librar- directed toward the development of service re- ies Association, Medical Library Association and lated projects and programs. at the Frankfurt Book Fair. The editor was an Emphasis was placed upon education, develop- invited participant in the symposium conducted ment, and related personnel matters. Both the under UNESCO auspices on libraries, archives, Catholic University of America and the Uni- and documentation journals May 16-18, 1972. versity of Maryland instituted courses designed A questionnaire has also been sent to sub- to build competence in aspects of librarianship scribers with the December 1971 issue soliciting pertinent to the Federal environment. Courses opinions and suggestions for improvements in were developed in cooperation with FLC work the journal. groups. The ADP Management Training Cen- Since the last report meetings of the Board ter, US. Civil Service Commission, developed a of Directors have been held as follows: Jun 16, series of nine seminars, workshops, and survey 1971 at the American Chemical Society head- courses in response to FLC Automation Task quarters in Washington, D.C.; Oct 4, 1971 at Force and Education Task Force initiatives. Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, FLC sponsored two regional workshops de- New Haven, Connecticut; Dec 13, 1971 at the signed to bring current management and auto- Chemist's Club, New York; Jan 21, 1972 at the mation concepts and techniques to field librar- .4merican Chemical Society headquarters, Wash- ians. Guidelines for Library Automation, edited ington, D.C.; and Apr 24, 1972 at the New by Barbara Markuson, was employed as a text York Public Library, New York. It has been on a trial basis. proposed that when future meetings of the FLC, in cooperation with SLA and ASIS, will Board are held at a sponsoring location, where develop benchmark job descriptions for library there is interest among the Board in the activi- positions as called for by the Job Evaluation ties and point of view of the organization, that and Pay Review Task Force, Civil Service Com- time be allocated for a presentation by the host mission. organization. The next Board meeting is sched- The Task Force on Recruitment of the FLC uled for New York City at the Special Libraries completed the development of a qualifications Association headquarters, at which time the rating scale for professional librarians applying Executive Director will be invited to make a for positions at the GS-9 level in the Federal presentation to the Board about the work and Government. The scale is based on a nationwide interests of the Association in publication mat- survey of the relative values assigned by li- ters. brarians to various factors such as the MLS, The Board of Directors election held at the categories of experience, and special training. January meeting continued in office the same The project was undertaken in response to the officers as those who had served the previous suggestion made by the Civil Service Commis- year. They are as follows: Chairman: Carleton sion, in a letter to the Chairman of the Com- C. Conrad (ACSIDCL); Vice-chairman: Paul mittee. 438 Other activity included implementation of a Selected special librarians received the "1972 Federal Library Statistical Survey, the issuance Survey on Problems of Book Conservation" from of Interface of Technical Libraries with Other LBI to gather data on the amount of binding Information Systems, by Alan Rees, and the de- currently underway and the binding planned in velopment of an exhibit program for use at the future. The purpose of the survey is to professional societies. gather data to be used in seeking funds from On Apr 7, L. Quincy Mumford, Librarian of the U.S. Department of Health, Education & Congress, Martin M. Cummings, M.D., Director Welfare for the maintenance of library book of the National Library of Medicine, and John and periodical collections. In addition, the In- Sherrod, Director of -the National Agricultural stitute is in the process of continual evaluation Library announced that the U.S. National Li- of its standards which are used by "Certified braries Task Force on Automation and Other Library Binders." Cooperative Services will function as a coopera- I suggest that our association with LBI be tive activity in parallel to the program of the continued as library binding will be an area of Federal Library Committee. Frank Kurt Cylke, continuing concern to special librarians. Sug- FLC Executive Secretary, will serve also as gestions and queries from SLA members are Chairman of the U.S. National Libraries Task encouraged. Force. The placement of the Task Force in JAMESM. MATARAZZO close association with the Federal Library Com- mittee will extend the benefits of these cwpera- tive programs, both technical and non-technical, Library of Congress Liaison Committee to the widest possible library and information of Librarians science community. Exploratory meetings are also being held (un- This Committee has not met in recent mem- der the auspices of the Chairman of the FLC's ory but we were assured it still exists and were Executive Advisory Committee) on the possi- asked to continue our representation. No com- bility of establishing a Federal Librarians As- munications were received from or about it sociation presumably including all federal li- this year. brarians, library technicians, information scien- EFREWW. GONZALEZ tists and other related personnel. How this organization, if established, would interface and impact with other non-governmental organiza- .Music Library Association tions such as SLA is yet to be determined. Continued observer membership should be On Feb 5, 1972, the SLA Board of Directors maintained by SLA in FLC because of the many authorized the President to appoint a Special dual and overlapping interests. The Executive Representative to the Music Library Associa- Secretary, FLC is further in agreement that it tion. Also approved were a contribution of $50 is advisable that this SLA observer be a member to MLA to assist in salvage and restoration of of the federal librarian community since the its business office destroyed by a fire on Nov 10 familiarity, understanding and insight provided and an expression of regrets for the losses suf- are thereby significantly enhanced. fered in the holocaust. On February 2, the Music Library Association Board of Directors at the suggestion of the undersigned as a member of MLA agreed to International Federation of Libra ry establish formal liaison with SLA. On May 3, SLA was notified by the President of MLA that AssocMtions (ZFLA) Richard A. Hazen, a member of SLA, had been No report submitted. appointed to serve as MLA Representative to SLA. The Music Library Association is a member Library Binding Institute of the Council of National Library Associations and of the National Music Council. MLA and The SLA Representative has had several SLA, although not officially represented back meetings with Dudley A. Weiss, Executive Di- and forth before 1972, have worked together rector and General Council to the Library Bind- through other organizations and committees for ing Institute, and can report on several LBI some years. MLA, like SLA, has special repre- activities to the Board, based on his 5 month sentatives appointed to ASIS, CNLA including long appointment. representation on the Joint Committee on Li- LBI's interest in library binding extends far brary Education, the American National Stand- beyond the normal binding of books and peri- ards Institute--Committee Z-39, the United odicals to the actual point of composition and States Book Exchange, the Joint Committee on printing where proper margins are essential for the Union List of Serials, and the Joint Li- both binding and rebinding. At present, LBI is braries Committee on Copyright. in the process of contacting several publishers An international organization like SLA, the and advising them of the necessary margin re- Music Library Association was organized in 1931 quirements for proper binding. and at present has approximately 1,650 individual and institutional members. Its quarterly as of Dec 1, 1970, with the 1970/71 SLA Direc- journal, Notes, is read by subscribers here and tory showed that 18 individuals held member- abroad who "are interested in keeping up with ships in both organizations. music and its literature . . . in books, on rec- The President of MLA suggested in a letter ords, and in musical notation." dated Feb 22 that there might be some partici- The purposes of the Association are "to pro- pation by SLA in the production of a Directory mote the establishment, growth, and use of of Music Collections, an MLA project. SLA's music libraries; to encourage the collection of Executive Director on Mar 1 wrote to MLA's music and musical literature in libraries; to President notifying him of this writer's appoint- further studies in musical bibliography; to in- ment as SLA's Special Representative to MLA crease efficiency in music library service and and in his letter suggested the possibility that administration." MLA's proposed directory might be published "All persons or institutions actively engaged as one title in SLA's Non-Serial Publications in library work, or who have an interest in the Program. This offer has been acknowledged by stated purposes of the Association, are eligible MLA's President, who stated that when the proj- for membership." MLA has no endowment or ect gets near to the point of publication, MLA subsidy and its operating expenses are covered will certainly consider the joint possibilities. entirely by membership dues and income from the sale of publications. Dues are set at the amazingly low figures of $15 per year for institutional members, $12 for personal members, and $6.50 for student members. These include a The National Microfilm Association subscription to Notes. Subscriptions are available without membership privileges to institu- "Service to the User" was the theme of the tional subscribers for $15 per year and to per- NMA 1971172 year. The Public Relations Com- sonal subscribers for $10. The Association has a mittee developed a program that included in- number of other regular and irregular publica- formation updating seminars during the year tions, including a Newsletter published three and a series of meetings in various cities to brief times a year. the communications media on industry trends MLA holds two meetings each year. One is and the applications of microfilm. held in mid-winter (Tucson, 1972; Bloomington, There are now 22 NMA Chapters located Indiana, 1973: Urbana, Illinois, 1974; San Juan, around the country. Their programs are de- Puerto Rico, 1975) and the other in the sum- signed to present new and useful information mer in conjunction with ALA (Chicago, 1972; about microforms, microfilm equipment and sys- Las Vegas, 1973). tems. The Chapters welcome non-members and MLA has the following chapters: Midwest, have expressed an interest in holding joint New England, Greater New York, New York meetings with other groups, particularly li- State, Northern California, Southern California, brarians. The names of Chapter Presidents and Pacific Northwest, Southeast, and Washington- Program Chairmen are available from K. L. Baltimore. The chapters normally hold one or U'ilkins at NMA Headquarters, Silver Spring, more meetings each year. Maryland. In addition to the usual housekeeping com- The theme of the 1972173 year is "Education mittees (Finance, Membership, Nominating, of the User." Great concern was expressed for Program, Publications), MLA has the following educating the user by the attendees at the special committees: Advanced Notation, Auto- NMA 1972 Mid-Winter meeting. It was agreed mation, Bibliographical Description, Cataloging that NMA should seek closer working relation- and Classification, Contemporary American ships with other professional associations such Composers' Libraries Project, Continuing Edu- as the library associations. One suggestion was cation, Exchange of Music Materials, Institutes, to establish joint standing committees relating Microforms, Music Library Administration, Pro- to bibliographic and quality control standards. fessional Education, Publicity, Record Analytics, It was also suggested that the Chapters pursue Resolutions, Selection and Acquisitions, and relationships with library school staffs in order Survey of Musical Instrument Collections. The to help them to become more familiar with Association has a Placement Service. microforms and related equipment and to pre- MLA has representatives on the following sent this information in their courses. joint committees: American Musicological So- An NMA Library Relations Committee has ciety/MLA Committee on RISM, AMSIMLA been formed with eleven members under the Translations Center, MARCIMLA Committee, Chairman Carl M. Spaulding of the Council on and MLAlNational Association of Schools of Library Resources, Inc. Two areas for Commit- Music Committee. tee activity have already been determined. One At the present time, MLA has four special is the education of library personrlel with re- projects underway: Checklist of Music Library gard to microforms and the other is the com- Consultants, Non-LC Cards for Music 1956- munication of problems relating to microfilm 1970, Survey of Music Collections, and Directory and microfilm equipment to th~NMA Board of Music Collections. of Directors. Your Representative is a member A comparison of the MLA Membership List of the Committee. NMA also plans to develop liaison with the other locations. To offset the reduction in conventional publishing industry. It will be translations deposits, the Center has been so- concerned with the quality of micropublishing liciting translations from known past deposi- and states that it will not be satisfied with ac- tors as well as making new contacts. SLA mem- cepting the limited microprinting techniques bers can play a vital role if they insure that which have been offered in many instances. their employers deposit at NTC. Commercial companies and independent organi- Use of the Center. In 1971 the Center re- zations have developed microfilming programs ceived 7,151 translations for deposit and proc- in order to make available a greater number of essed 17,561. Translations requested: 9,608; sup- newspapers, scholarly journals, collections of plied: 2,271; locations supplied: 1,766 for a papers, book collections, architectural drawings, total of 4,037 requests filled or 42%. art objects, annual reports, product listings, and Promotion and Publicity. During part of other materials. Librarians should be concerned 1971, the Center used the consulting services of with the long term effects of acquiring, storing a professional public relations firm. The bro- and the library service activities related to chure was redesigned and reprinted. Crerar's micropublications, particularly the products of Executive Director, William Budington, par- commercial companies. While economy is an ticipated in numerous interviews and articles important factor, quality, legibility, durability, for the press, radio and television. Articles ap- bibliographic recording, copying, duplicating, peared in Industry Week, Physics Today, In- filing and distribution are among other con- dustrial Equipment News, the Sun Francisco siderations that must not be overlooked because Chronicle and the Oakland Tribune among of availability. others. Several companies are developing small, low Publications. In 1971 the Center began han- cost portable microfilm viewers in anticipation dling the subscriptions and distribution of of an increased demand for reading micro-, Translations Register-Index. The subscription fiche. Some pilot models were shown and others price was increased from $30 to $50. The num- were discussed during the NMA Convention in ber of paid subscriptions was 980 in 1971, but New York. The production of viewers will be had dropped to 831 by April 1972, under the stepped-up because of present trends toward economic pressures on library subscription lists. high activity in the reduction areas of 24X for In 1970 the Center proposed that the rights source documents and 48X for COM (Computer- and distribution of CITE: Consolidated Index output-microfilm). of Translations into English be transferred The following publications will be informa- from SLA to NTC. This is consistent with the tive for orientation in micrographics: National Science Foundation's recovery clause in its grant for the publication of CITE. Discus- 1. Publications available from the National sions between NTC, SLA and NSF are under Microfilm Association, Suite 1101, 8728 Coles- way. ville Road, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910. It is expected that a second edition of the Glossary of Micrographics, MS100-1971. Price: Guide to Scientific and Technical Journals in Memb. $4.00, Non-memb. $4.80. Translation will be published by SLA in 1972. Readers/Reader-Printers. RS6-1971. Price: Self-support and Service Fees. The Center is Memb. $6.00, Non-memb. $7.50. This section under continuing pressure to achieve self- was reprinted from the "Guide To Microre- support. Efforts in that direction resulted in an production Equipment, 1971" especially for increase in the service fee from $5.00 to $7.50. librarians. Center estimates indicate that self-support for 2. Veaner, A. B. The Evaluation of Micro- TRI begins at 1,000 subscriptions, but that has publications: A Handbook for Librarians. Chi- not been achieved yet. cago: ALA Library Technology Program, 1971. In a further search for additional income, the 59p. Center polled selected users and depositors by 3. Fiche and Reel. Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106 questionnaire to determine: 1) whether a refer- (300 North Zeeb Road): University Microfilms. ral fee would be acceptable, and 2) interest in a Free. 5 year cumulation of the TRI index: 85% of the 4. Roches- The Management of Information. respondents would not object to a moderate ter, New York 14650: Eastman Kodak Com- referral fee; 18.4% said they were not interested pany. Free. LORETTAJ. KIERSKY in the TRI cumulation; about one third of the' respondents stated they would be willing to pay up to $25.00 for it, and another third would go National Translations Center as high as $50. One of the effects of the recession was that PORTENT! The present NSF grant to NTC the level of translations deposits fell during provides partial support through September 30, 1971; it is now about 200 items per month 1972. NTC must become self-supporting within (compared with 500 a year ago). The Center has the next year or two and/or secure funds from cleared up its backlog of deposited items. The other sources. It is now about 35% self- data base of information now amounts to half supporting. a million translations available from NTC and EVALINENEFF 44 1 United Nations Non-Governmental bring about developments through which they Organizations Observer hope to meet some of their needs, while continuing their own traditional self-supporting Notifications of briefing sessions at the United distribution program. A year's grant from the Nations continue to be received by the Ob- Council on Library Resources, Inc. for 1971 172 server. Those which seem of interest and con- has helped to maintain the present operation cern to the Association have been attended by and to give some margin for purchasing new the observer or her Alternate. directions. The briefing session of Jan 5, 1972, devoted An essential development that has taken place to the work of the 16th session of the Popula- within USBE in the past year was the reorgani- tion Commission and the plans for the 1974 zation of its superstructure. This effort was World Population Year, and that of Feb 16, promoted so that USBE could make its opera- 1972 on the International Book Year seemed tional policies more sensitive to library needs of particular interest to the Association and its by bringing all member libraries and State li- members. Special reports on these two sessions brary associations into corporation membership. were prepared and copies were sent to the As- The new Corporation arrangement allows all sociation as well as to Mr. Exley, Chief NGO 1,500 member libraries a chance to vote for the Section, External Relations Division, OPI of the Board and to participate in policy-making. The U.N., to demonstrate the continuing interest of reorganization has also brought about other de- the Association in the Work of the Organization. partures such as a far ranging membership in The Annual OPI-NGO Conference on The the Board of Directors and annual meetings to U.N.-The New Phase will take place May 31- be held in conjunction with large library meet- Jun 1, 1972 and will be attended by the Observer ings. and her Alternate. Expansion beyond the traditional distribution I agree with my predecessor's recommendation plans is also taking place. In planning and in that we reaffirm our support of the United Na- practice the USBE is working to widen its scope tions by continuing the appointment of a Non- and services as far as practicable to give libraries Governmental Organizations Observer. the largest possible advantage from USBE stocks, potential stocks, and expertise. USBE earnings exceeded expenses in 1971. Distribution, however, is still low numerically because of library budget problems. The fee structure has been revised to put the proper burden of costs on the supplying of missing United States Book Exchange issues, a process which has developed as USBE's present leading service to domestic libraries. Activities at the USBE in 1971/72 were di- A look at the future sees advancements being rected toward new ways in which to meet their made through the results of new publicity, new expanding responsibilities. The staff, Board of financing possibilities, new Board activities, Directors, committees, and member libraries follow-up on Reichman's report and possible have been working in several specific areas to cooperative work with the National Commission. STATE REPORTS ON CORRECTION AND PUNISHMENT, POVERTY AND PUBLIC WELFARE, PRIOR TO 1930

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California Colorado Georgia Illinois Indiana Massachusetts New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Texas

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Librarian-BS Bus. Admin.; MLS 1972 (3.8 GPA) Librarian, Technical Services-20 yrs. prof. ex- primary interest bus., economics, or financial perience all phases Aerospace. Can plan, induce library; extensive business experience prior to others to work; gift for details. Desires position in major dept. of tech. servs. M. Goldberg, MLS; Patricia McGrath, 209 Sweet Ave.. Paw- 331y2 Newport, Long Beach, CA 90814. tucket, RI 02861.

Map Librarian-7 yrs. exp. in university map library. BA, Geography (1970); MLS (1972). 4 Librarian-4 years experience in public and weeks LC Geography & Map Division, 1970. De- sire academic, large public, or special library. geographic libraries ih The Netherlands, 6% Robert Willingham, 2511 Yale Rd., Lawrence, years in a New York medical library seeks posi- Kansas 66044. tion. Fluent English and Dutch, knowledge Ger- man, French, Latin. Versatile, with experience in all phases of library work, some supervision. Dir. Foundation Libr. Research Center & Mu- seum-10 yrs. exp. in development, administra- Available immediately. Prefer New York and tion; upgraded, selected, researched, classified vicinities. Miss Elisabeth Den Hartog, 58-12 43rd materials; prepared interntl. exhibits. Desires Ave., Woodside, NY, NY 11377. Tel. 672-2939. business-related affiliation in NYC. Box C-173. POSITIONS OPEN THE MARKET PLACE

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