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Peace in Venezuela: Is There Life After the Barbados Talks?
Peace in Venezuela: Is There Life after the Barbados Talks? Crisis Group Latin America Briefing N°41 Caracas/Brussels, 11 December 2019 What’s new? At least for now, Norwegian-facilitated negotiations to end Venezue- la’s presidential showdown have collapsed. Meanwhile, President Nicolás Maduro’s government has forged an agreement with minority opposition parties. Together with regional powers’ decision to define Venezuela as a threat to hemispheric security, these developments could complicate a resolution of the crisis. Why does it matter? Failure to restore political stability and socio-economic well-being in Venezuela fuels South America’s worst-ever refugee crisis, risks a low- intensity internal conflict, propagates tensions across the region and threatens to trigger military clashes with neighbouring Colombia. What should be done? Allies of the two sides should press them to overcome their reluctance and return to the negotiating table, possibly under a new format, where they should show the necessary flexibility to reach a workable agreement. I. Overview After seven rounds of formal talks in Oslo and Barbados, facilitated by the Norwe- gian government, negotiations between representatives of President Nicolás Maduro and the opposition led by Juan Guaidó – now recognised as the legitimate acting president by 58 countries, including the U.S. – broke down in mid-September. The talks had centred on a six-point agenda, agreed upon in April, to which the Maduro government had contributed just one point – the lifting of U.S. sanctions. The re- maining five were the restoration of constitutional checks and balances; conditions for the holding of elections (understood by the opposition to mean a presidential election, though that was not made explicit); the terms of a transition away from Maduro; peace and reconciliation; and post-electoral guarantees for both sides. -
No Room for Debate the National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela
No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela July 2019 Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to develop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952 and active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. ® No Room for Debate - The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela © Copyright International Commission of Jurists Published in July 2019 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) permits free reproduction of extracts from any of its publications provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to its headquarters at the following address: International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 91 Rue des Bains 33 Geneva Switzerland No Room for Debate The National Constituent Assembly and the Crumbling of the Rule of Law in Venezuela This report was written by Santiago Martínez Neira, consultant to the International Commission of Jurists. Carlos Ayala, Sam Zarifi and Ian Seiderman provided legal and policy review. This report was written in Spanish and translated to English by Leslie Carmichael. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................... -
Venezuela Decision Adopted Unanimously by the IPU Governing Council at Its 204Th Session (Doha, 10 April 2019)
Venezuela Decision adopted unanimously by the IPU Governing Council at its 204th session (Doha, 10 April 2019) Venezuela’s Speaker of the National Assembly Juan Guaidó speaks before a crowd of opposition supporters during an open meeting in Caraballeda, Venezuela, on 13 January 2019 © Yuri CORTEZ/AFP VEN-10 - Biagio Pilieri VEN-48 - Yanet Fermin (Ms.) VEN-11 - José Sánchez Montiel VEN-49 - Dinorah Figuera (Ms.) VEN-12 - Hernán Claret Alemán VEN-50 - Winston Flores VEN-13 - Richard Blanco VEN-51 - Omar González VEN-16 - Julio Borges VEN-52 - Stalin González VEN-19 - Nora Bracho (Ms.) VEN-53 - Juan Guaidó VEN-20 - Ismael Garcia VEN-54 - Tomás Guanipa VEN-22 - William Dávila VEN-55 - José Guerra VEN-24 - Nirma Guarulla (Ms.) VEN-56 - Freddy Guevara VEN-25 - Julio Ygarza VEN-57 - Rafael Guzmán VEN-26 - Romel Guzamana VEN-58 - María G. Hernández (Ms.) VEN-27 - Rosmit Mantilla VEN-59 - Piero Maroun VEN-28 - Enzo Prieto VEN-60 - Juan A. Mejía VEN-29 - Gilberto Sojo VEN-61 - Julio Montoya VEN-30 - Gilber Caro VEN-62 - José M. Olivares VEN-31 - Luis Florido VEN-63 - Carlos Paparoni VEN-32 - Eudoro González VEN-64 - Miguel Pizarro VEN-33 - Jorge Millán VEN-65 - Henry Ramos Allup VEN-34 - Armando Armas VEN-66 - Juan Requesens VEN-35 - Américo De Grazia VEN-67 - Luis E. Rondón VEN-36 - Luis Padilla VEN-68 - Bolivia Suárez (Ms.) VEN-37 - José Regnault VEN-69 - Carlos Valero VEN-38 - Dennis Fernández (Ms.) VEN-70 - Milagro Valero (Ms.) VEN-39 - Olivia Lozano (Ms.) VEN-71 - German Ferrer VEN-40 - Delsa Solórzano (Ms.) VEN-72 - Adriana d'Elia (Ms.) VEN-41 -
Necesidad De Medidas Urgentes Para Revertir La Grave Violación De Derechos Humanos De Los Diputados De La Asamblea Nacional En Venezuela
Necesidad de medidas urgentes para revertir la grave violación de derechos humanos de los diputados de la Asamblea Nacional en Venezuela Transparencia Venezuela, capítulo nacional de Transparencia Internacional, en su condición de asociación civil sin fines de lucro, no partidista, plural y sin filiación política, se dirige a usted con el propósito de exponer las graves violaciones de derechos humanos y el riesgo inminente de torturas a la que se encuentran sometidos diputados opositores al actual régimen de gobierno, y en consecuencia, rogar su intervención mediante la apertura inmediata de una investigación, así como la adopción de medidas urgentes que permitan revertir la situación. Desde su creación en el año 2004, Transparencia Venezuela se ha dedicado a a promover condiciones y procedimientos para prevenir y disminuir la arbitrariedad, abuso de poder y corrupción en las instituciones públicas. Asimismo, desde hace más de cuatro años nuestra organización ha registrado y evaluado las actividades realizadas por los diputados del Parlamento venezolano, intercambiando metodologías y herramientas para impulsar su fortalecimiento. En esta etapa, Transparencia Venezuela ha registrado los sistemáticos ataques propinados desde distintos sectores del poder público nacional contra la Asamblea Nacional, que han arrojado como resultado su anulación de facto. El agravamiento de esta situación, que confirma la destrucción del sistema democrático en el país, debe llamar la atención de la comunidad internacional. En esta solicitud, debido a la gravedad de los hechos y necesidad de atención inmediata, presentamos detalles y evidencias de la violación de derechos humanos e inminente riesgo de tortura contra el diputado militante del partido político Primero Justicia, Juan Requesens, quien se encuentra arbitrariamente detenido e incomunicado en la sede del Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional (SEBIN), a cargo del general en jefe Gustavo González López, funcionario sancionado internacionalmente por cometer graves violaciones de derechos humanos. -
Venezuela: Un Equilibrio Inestable
REVISTA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA / VOLUMEN 39 / N° 2 / 2019 / 391-408 VENEZUELA: AN UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM Venezuela: un equilibrio inestable DIMITRIS PANTOULAS IESA Business School, Venezuela JENNIFER MCCOY Georgia State University, USA ABSTRACT Venezuela’s descent into the abyss deepened in 2018. Half of the country’s GDP has been lost in the last five years; poverty and income inequality have deepened, erasing the previous gains from the earlier years of the Bolivarian Revolution. Sig- nificant economic reforms failed to contain the hyperinflation, and emigration ac- celerated to reach three million people between 2014 and 2018, ten percent of the population. Politically, the government of Nicolás Maduro completed its authorita- rian turn following the failed Santo Domingo dialogue in February, and called for an early election in May 2018. Maduro’s victory amidst a partial opposition boycott and international condemnation set the stage for a major constitutional clash in January 2019, when the world was divided between acknowledging Maduro’s se- cond term or an opposition-declared interim president, Juan Guaido. Key words: Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, economic crisis, hyperinflation, elections, electoral legitimacy, authoritarianism, polarization RESUMEN El descenso de Venezuela en el abismo se profundizó en 2018. La mitad del PIB se perdió en los últimos cinco años; la pobreza y la desigualdad de ingresos se profundizaron, anulando los avances de los primeros años de la Revolución Bolivariana. Las importantes reformas económicas no lograron contener la hiperinflación y la emigración se aceleró para llegar a tres millones de personas entre 2014 y 2018, el diez por ciento de la población. Políticamen- te, el gobierno de Nicolás Maduro completó su giro autoritario luego del fracasado proceso de diálogo de Santo Domingo en febrero, y Maduro pidió una elección adelantada en mayo de 2018. -
Analyzing Obstacles to Venezuela's Future
CSIS BRIEFS CSIS Analyzing Obstacles to Venezuela’s Future By Moises Rendon, Mark Schneider, & Jaime Vazquez NOVEMBER 2019 THE ISSUE Despite stiff sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and internal civil protests, Nicolas Maduro and his inner circle have resisted the pressures to negotiate an exit. Three internationally-sponsored dialogue processes and two efforts at mediated negotiations within the last five years have failed, with Maduro using the time to intensify his hold on power. Different factors are impeding a transition in Venezuela. This brief investigates challenges and opportunities to help support a transition toward democracy. It describes the possible role of a Track II diplomacy initiative to produce a feasible exit ramp for Maduro—essentially the achievement of significant progress outside of the formal negotiation process. The brief also discusses potential roles for chavistas in today’s struggle and for ‘day after’ challenges, the required elements for a transitional justice process, and the basic conditions necessary for holding free and fair elections to elect a new president. BACKGROUND undiminished support from Russia, China, and Cuba, have Amid numerous blackouts, fuel shortages impacting complicated efforts to achieve a political accord leading to a agriculture and food production, and inflation on pace democratic transition. to reach over 10 million percent by the end of 2019, Venezuela’s humanitarian, economic, and political crisis QUICK FACTS has forced more than 4 million citizens to flee their • According to the United Nations, Venezuela will homeland. That number could surge past 5 million by the have over 5.3 million refugees by the end of 2019. end of 2019. -
Departamento De Estado De Los Estados Unidos Declaración De Morgan Ortagus, La Portavoz 15 De Febrero De 2020 Los Estados Unid
Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos Declaración de Morgan Ortagus, la Portavoz 15 de febrero de 2020 Los Estados Unidos condena la detención de un miembro de la familia del presidente interino Guaidó Los Estados Unidos condena enérgicamente la detención de Juan José Márquez, tío del presidente interino Juan Guaidó, y exige su liberación inmediata. Las absurdas acusaciones que se han formulado ejemplifican la creciente desesperación de Maduro y sus corruptos asociados. La fabricación de pruebas para justificar detenciones arbitrarias por motivos políticos es una herramienta habitual del antiguo régimen ilegítimo de Maduro. La hemos visto usarse contra Roberto Marrero, Juan Requesens, Gilber Caro e Ismael León, quienes constituyen una pequeña parte de los más de 350 presos políticos actualmente en Venezuela. Estos actos deplorables sólo retrasan la resolución de la trágica crisis en Venezuela que Maduro y sus colaboradores insisten en perpetuar. Diosdado Cabello, jefe de la Asamblea Constituyente ilegítima, argumenta que Márquez había introducido ilegalmente material explosivo a bordo de un vuelo internacional directo desde Portugal, después de haber pasado por el estricto control y los protocolos de seguridad del aeropuerto de Lisboa. La línea aérea, TAP Air Portugal, afirmó públicamente que “es imposible viajar con explosivos”. Estas acciones despreciables del antiguo régimen de Maduro —detener a civiles inocentes e inventar falsas acusaciones— lamentablemente son típicas. En lugar de acatar el Estado de derecho, Maduro y sus secuaces ejercen prácticas mafiosas e intimidan a la oposición atacando a sus familiares. En 2019, se notificaron 2.219 detenciones arbitrarias en Venezuela, y más de 15.000 entre 2014 y 2019. -
Curbing the Threat to Venezuela from Violent Groups
A Glut of Arms: Curbing the Threat to Venezuela from Violent Groups Latin America Report N°78 | 20 February 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Armed Groups, Crime and the State ................................................................................ 4 A. Guerrillas ................................................................................................................... 4 B. Colectivos ................................................................................................................... 7 C. Paramilitaries ............................................................................................................. 11 D. Criminal Groups ........................................................................................................ 12 III. Armed Groups in a Political Agreement .......................................................................... 16 IV. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 18 APPENDICES A. Map of Venezuela ............................................................................................................ -
Venezuela & Ecuador This Week
VENEZUELA & ECUADOR THIS WEEK Member FINRA/SIPC Monday, February 26, 2018 Maduro’s approval rises to two-year high President Maduro’s approval rating increased government. In fact, the drop has been most to 26.1% in the February Datanálisis survey, a 4.4 precipitous in the approval of the opposition coalition percentage point increase from the last reading in organization, the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD). November 2017 of 21.7%. This is the highest reading in The percentage of respondents that have a positive this series in nearly two years (it stood at 26.8% in view of the MUD has declined from by 28.0 ppt since March of 2016). Maduro’s approval rating has risen by October 2016, from 59.7% to 31.7%. In the meantime, 8.7 percentage points from its low in July of 2017. The support for the governing PSUV party actually rose by survey of 1,000 respondents was conducted through 5.5ppt from November and now stands at 26.2%. The direct interviews between February 01 and 14 of 2018 gap between the support of these two organizations, and has a margin of error of ±3.04%. also of 5.5 points, stands at its lowest level since October 2013. Maduro remains highly unpopular, and the survey indicates that a majority of Venezuelans do not want It is possible that the strengthening of Maduro’s him to remain in the presidency. But the survey also approval may be nothing more than the reflection that shows a sustained decline in the approval rating of all he has emerged stronger from last year’s political opposition leaders, with the result that Maduro’s conflicts. -
Venezuela INDIVIDUALS
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:25/03/2021 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Venezuela INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: AMOROSO 1: ELVIS 2: EDUARDO 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 04/08/1963. POB: Caracas, Venezuela a.k.a: HIDROBO AMOROSO Nationality: Venezuelan National Identification no: V-7659695 Address: Venezuela.Position: Second Vice President of the National Constituent Assembly Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):VEN0029 Date designated on UK Sanctions List: 31/12/2020 (UK Statement of Reasons):Former First and Second Vice-President of the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC). Lead the non-recognised ANC, signing the ‘law against hatred’, justifying the removal of a legally-elected opposition governor and banning Juan Guaido from running for any public office. (Gender):Male Listed on: 30/06/2020 Last Updated: 31/12/2020 Group ID: 13844. 2. Name 6: BENAVIDES TORRES 1: ANTONIO 2: JOSE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 13/06/1961. Nationality: Venezuelan Address: Caracas, Venezuela.Position: Chief Distrito Capital Government until January 2018.Former General Commander of the Bolivarian National Guard (GNB) until 21 June 2017 Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):VEN0003 Date designated on UK Sanctions List: 31/12/2020 (Further Identifiying Information):Former General Commander of the Bolivarian National Guard (GNB) until 21 June 2017 (UK Statement of Reasons):Chief of the Capital District (Distrito Capital) Government until January 2018.General Commander of the Bolivarian National Guard until 21 June 2017.Involved in repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Venezuela, and responsible for serious human rights violations committed by the Bolivarian National Guard under his command.His actions and policies as General Commander of the Bolivarian National Guard, including the Bolivarian National Guard taking the lead in the policing of civilian demonstrations and publically advocating that military courts should have jurisdiction over civilians, have undermined the rule of law in Venezuela. -
Magistrado Ponente: JUAN JOSÉ MENDOZA JOVER El 07 De Enero
Magistrado Ponente: JUAN JOSÉ MENDOZA JOVER El 07 de enero de 2020, fue recibido en esta Sala Constitucional escrito presentado por el ciudadano ENRIQUE OCHOA ANTICH, titular de la cédula de identidad V-4.632.450, contentivo de la acción de amparo constitucional “(…) de mi derecho constitucional a la participación política y la representación consagrado en el artículo 62 de la Constitucion (sic)…”. En la misma fecha, se dio cuenta en Sala y se designó como ponente al Magistrado Juan José Mendoza Jover quien, con tal carácter, suscribe el presente fallo. En sentencia n° 0001 de fecha 13 de enero de 2020, esta Sala Constitucional se declaró competente para conocer la acción de amparo constitucional interpuesta por el ciudadano ENRIQUE OCHOA ANTICH, contra la Asamblea Nacional y, particularmente, respecto “a los Diputados Luis Parra, Franklin Duarte y José Gregorio Noriega, por un lado y a los Diputados Juan Guaidó, Juan Pablo Guanipa y Carlos Berrizbeitia, por otro lado, quienes pretenden cumplir funciones de integrantes de sendas Juntas Directivas de la Asamblea Nacional”, y ordenó notificar a los Diputados que dicen integrar la nueva Junta Directiva de la Asamblea Nacional elegida, el 05 de enero de 2020, a saber: Luis Parra, Franklin Duarte y José Gregorio Noriega, a los fines de que en el lapso de cinco (5) días siguientes a su notificación, en la forma requerida en el cardinal 3 del artículo 91 de la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, remitieran a esta Sala informe sobre el acto parlamentario de conformación de la nueva Junta Directiva de la Asamblea Nacional y el quórum de la sesión, tanto el de instalación como el de la aprobación de la Directiva, lo cual deberán soportar con copia certificada del acta y demás actuaciones vinculadas con la información requerida, so pena de incurrir en la sanción señalada en el artículo 122 eiusdem. -
Continuing Political Crisis in Venezuela
AT A GLANCE Continuing political crisis in Venezuela One year after Juan Guaidó's self-proclamation as interim President of Venezuela, the political crisis affecting the country is far from over, as shown by the government's latest failed attempt to neutralise the opposition forces in the National Assembly. The legislative election announced by Nicolas Maduro for 2020 will not improve the country's political situation unless it is accompanied by a free and fair presidential election. The government tries to control the National Assembly On 5 January 2020, when the National Assembly was due to elect its President for the last year of the current legislature, members of the National Guard prevented opposition MPs, including Juan Guaidó, from entering the Legislative Palace. In the session, held without the required quorum and ridden with irregularities, MPs loyal to the government elected Luis Parra, a former member of the Primero Justicia (Justice First) opposition party who had been expelled for alleged corruption and later became an ally of Maduro. To counter this 'parliamentary coup,' the opposition MPs held a parallel session in the premises of the El Nacional newspaper, where they re-elected Guaidó by a wide margin – 100 MPs out of the 167 that make up the National Assembly. The Maduro government, despite having its tactics clearly exposed to the public through the live media coverage, immediately recognised Parra. However, the parliamentary coup was strongly condemned by the United States – which imposed sanctions on Parra and six other politicians, the Organisation of American States (OAS), the Lima Group, the International Contact Group (ICG), and the EU.