Childbed Fever How a Yorkshire Doctor Beat Semmelweis to the True Cause of Puerperal Fever

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Childbed Fever How a Yorkshire Doctor Beat Semmelweis to the True Cause of Puerperal Fever The magazine of the Society for Applied Microbiology ■ Sept 2005 ■ Vol 6 No 3 ISSN 1479-2699 illustration: Robert A Thom Childbed Fever How a Yorkshire doctor beat Semmelweis to the true cause of puerperal fever ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: ■ 2006 January Meeting Programme Dr Margaret ■ Med-Vet-Net - approaching its first year Patterson appointed new ■ Fungi in your shopping basket Honorary President of the Society ■ 2005 Summer Conference report excellence in microbiology W ! gy e lo are io th crob e friendly face of mi Don Whitley Scientific is a leading supplier of innovative equipment and contract & consultancy services for microbiologists worldwide. If you work in clinical, pharmaceutical, research or industrial microbiology, please phone one of the friendly faces in our technical sales team on: +44 (0)1274 595728 www.dwscientific.co.uk The magazine of the Society for Applied Microbiology ■ Sept 2005 ■ Vol 6 No 3 ISSN 1479-2699 REGULARS MEETINGS FEATURES Microbiologist Vol 6 No.3 04Editorial 20 SfAM 18 Fungi in September 2005 Lucy Harper reviews January your this issues top stories ISSN 1479-2699 Meeting shopping 05 Contact 2006 basket Full contact a one day meeting 2005 Misac information for all on Epidemiology competition results Committee members and vaccines. Thursday 5th 05 Media Watch January 2006 Microbiological news stories from around the world 07 Micro break Publisher: Society for Applied Microbiology. 75th Anniversary competition Editor: Lucy Harper [email protected] 08President’s Contributions: These are column 26 Cover story always welcome and should Interview with Dr be addressed to the Editor at: [email protected] Margaret Patterson Advertising: 10 Med-Vet-Net Julie Wright Approaching its first 24 HPA Annual Telephone: 01234 326661 year Conference 2005 [email protected] 12 Membership 24 Institute Pasteur Art and Design & layout: Mastering anti- Pollard Creativity Matters infective Production and printing: therapies Pollard Creativity. 14 Farewell to All technical questions should Peter Silley 25 Cordia be addressed to: BioTechonology [email protected] Tel: 01933 665617 33 2005 Summer Convention 2005 Conference 25 Gut © Society for Applied Childbed Microbiology 2005 report Microbiology Material published in 2006 Fever Microbiologist may not be Milton Wainwright reproduced, stored in a 39 Students retrieval system, or into Work discusses how a transmitted in any form WRITE FOR US! Yorkshire doctor without the prior permission report The editor is always looking beat Semmelweis to of the Society. for enthusiastic writers who the true cause of 41 The wish to contribute articles to Society for Applied childbed fever Microbiology, The Blore President’s Microbiologist on their Tower, The Harpur Centre, chosen microbiological 30 Stat Note 2 Fund articles subject. Bedford MK40 1TQ, UK The application of For further information Tel: +44 (0)1234 326661 47 Books normal distribution please email: Fax: +44 (0)1234 326678 to some common [email protected] email: [email protected] 50 Join SfAM statistical problems www.sfam.org.uk Editorial Microbiologist ERE IN THE SfAM OFFICE Vol 6 No.3 we’ve all been extremely busy H over the last three months. The September 2005 society has gone through a period of great change in recent times. Contact the Editor: Not only do we have a new president of [email protected] the society, Dr Margaret Patterson, but we also have two new members of committee Microbiologist copy Dates: contributors please who will introduce themselves in the next note that the final copy issue of Microbiologist. dates in 2005/2006 will be: In this issue of the magazine we say a fond farewell to our previous president Dr Vol 6 No.4 Dec 2005 Peter Silley. We all know what great work Friday 16 Sept 2005 Peter has done for the society, and some of the Officers of the Society tell us about Vol 7 No.1 March 2006 his work and entertain us with some Friday 16 December 2005 slightly more personal anecdotes about their experiences of working with Peter. predecessors, the Society for Applied Vol 7 No.2 June 2006 Friday 10 March 2006 We also extend a warm welcome to Dr Bacteriology and the Society for Margaret Patterson, the fourth female Agricultural Bacteriology would be very Vol 7 No.3 Sept 2005 president of the Society. As such Margaret welcome if members could bear to part Friday 7 July 2006 will undoubtedly be a great role model for with them to a good home! If you can all our members. She introduces herself help then please contact David Post either How to submit material here and talks a little about her career through the SfAM office, or on 01424 Please submit all articles, and the fact that science and 870590. reports, meetings microbiology in particular is such a great The second item which we are all very notifications, letters etc., as career. excited about, but which requires the help plain text (*.txt) or rich text Since the last issue was published of all of you is the 75th Anniversary files (*.rtf). Please submit all images as original we’ve had our annual general meeting competition. To celebrate 75 years of the photographic prints or and summer conference at the Old Ship Society for Applied Microbiology we are transparencies rather than Hotel in Brighton—which those of you running a writing competition to find the scanned images and these who joined us will know was a great most interesting, entertaining and will be processed by us and success. In this issue there is a informative article describing an returned to you promptly. comprehensive report on the meeting on historical event in Microbiology. We are If your images are only in page 33 which I’m sure will prove very looking for 500-700 words of your digital format please make interesting reading for those of you who opinions, thoughts or memories of a sure they are supplied at a couldn’t make it. famous microbiological breakthrough, resolution of 300dpi (dots Our feature article for this issue by historical event or a personally significant or pixels per inch at a size of not less than 100mm (4 Milton Wainwright unearths the truth tale. The only other rules of the inches) square. behind the discovery of the cause of competition are that the article is Childbed fever (page 26). I find it microbiological in nature and that it is Advertisers: if you wish to fascinating when such investigations based upon an event of the last 75 years. advertise in Microbiologist reveal something that might re-write the So, for all you writers out there like you should contact the history books. When we learn that Milton Wainwright who have witnessed or Society Office in the first someone we’d all assumed to have made are merely fascinated by a particular instance. Advertising rates a discovery was actually several years Microbiological breakthrough or event of and Guidelines on how to behind a name we barely recognise. For the last 75 years, then see page 7 and submit advertisements are those of you who are interested in the send in your entries to me. given on the website and are also obtainable by history of Microbiology, you might like to emailing the editor at: do some digging yourselves as we have a [email protected] couple of history-related items with which we need your help. Website: the society Firstly, our archivist, David Post needs website is a timely source the help of all members. Intensive work of up-to-date information on sorting the society archives has shown on all Society matters and that they are far from complete. maintains a comprehensive Members, especially long-standing ones, archive of articles and may be keeping material that is of interest reports on a variety of microbiological topics. in recording the history of the society. Such items as minutes, meetings reports, www.sfam.org.uk journals, letters and indeed anything pertaining to the Society and its 04 September 2005 www.sfam.org.uk Contact point COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2005 - 2008 HON PRESIDENT: Dr Margaret Patterson, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX [email protected] HON GENERAL SECRETARY: Dr Anthony Hilton, School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET [email protected] HON MEETINGS SECRETARY: Professor Martin Adams, School of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford,Surrey GU2 7XH [email protected] HON TREASURER: Dr Valerie Edwards-Jones, Research Development Unit, Manchester Metropolitan University, Lower Chatham St, Manchester M15 5HA [email protected] HON EDITOR: Journal of Applied Microbiology Professor Arthur Gilmour, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, DARD and Queen’s University, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX [email protected] HON EDITOR: Letters in Applied Microbiology Dr Jean-Yves Maillard, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF [email protected] HON EDITOR: Microbiologist Dr Lucy Harper, Society for Applied Microbiology, The Blore Tower, The Harpur Centre, Bedford MK40 1TQ [email protected] ORDINARY COMMITTEE MEMBERS until July 2006 Dr David McCleery, Chief Specialist Microbiologist, Safe Food, Food Safety Promotion Board, 7 Eastgate Avenue, Little Island, Cork, Ireland [email protected] Dr Shona Nelson, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY [email protected] Professor Diane Newell, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB [email protected] ORDINARY COMMITTEE MEMBERS until July
Recommended publications
  • Accreditation Scheme for Museums and Galleries in the United Kingdom: Collections Development Policy
    Accreditation Scheme for Museums and Galleries in the United Kingdom: Collections development policy 1 Collections development policy Name of museum: Doncaster Museum Service Name of governing body: Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council Date on which this policy was approved by governing body: January 24th 2013 Date at which this policy is due for review: January 2018 1. Museum’s statement of purpose The Museum Service primarily serves those living in the Doncaster Metropolitan Borough area and those connected to the King‟s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry* and believes that its purpose can by summed up in four words : Engage, Preserve, Inspire, Communicate * The King‟s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Museum has its own Collections Development Policy, but is included in the 2013-16 Forward Plan and therefore the Museum Service‟s statement of purpose. 2. An overview of current collections. Existing collections, including the subjects or themes and the periods of time and /or geographic areas to which the collections relate 2.0 At present (2012) the following collections have a member of staff with expertise in that particular field. Social History (including costume and photographs) Archaeology (Including Antiquities) World Cultures Fine and Decorative Arts Other collections are not supported by in-house expertise. For these we would actively look to recruit volunteers or honorary curators with knowledge relevant to these collections. We would also look to apply for grants to take on a temporary staff member to facilitate the curation of these collections. We would also look at accessing external expertise and working in partnership with other organisations and individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Specifications Copoazu
    PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS CP-ESP-AC-13 VERSION:05 COPOAZU BUTTER Prepared by: Review by: Approved by Date February - 2017 Team Research and Team Quality Assurance General Manager Page 1 of 3 Development 1.-PRODUCT Copoazu/ Cupuacu butter 2.-COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Peru 3.-PLACE OF PRODUCTION OF RAW MATERIAL Madre de Dios 4.-TYPE Cosmetic 5.-INGREDIENT 100% copoazu seeds 6.-INCI NAME OF INGREDIENT Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter 7.-CHARACTERISTICS Butter is extracted from the pure seeds of the fruit to obtain raw, filtered and unrefined butter. Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter is classified as skin emollient can be used for manufacturing different cosmetics. 8.-ORGANOLEPTIC FEATURES Odor: Characteristic. Color: Yellowish white. 9.- PHYSICOCHEMICAL FEATURES* Acid value (% Free fatty acids) < 5 % Peroxide value (mEquO2 / kg) < 20 Unsaponifiable matter (%)1 < 0.5 1 Iodine value (g I2/100 g) 30 - 50 Saponification value (mgKOH/g) 1 180 - 200 Appearance: Yellowish-white solid. viscous liquid above 86°F (30°C). Reference: 1 “Final Report: Plant-Derived Fatty Acid oils as Used in Cosmetics - March 4, 2011”; Table 3. Chemical properties for plant- derived fatty acid oils. Page: 23. Author: The 2011 Cosmetic Ingredient review expert panel members. 10.-TYPICAL FATTY ACID PROFILE*: FATTY ACID NAME C-CHAIN %TYPICAL VALUES1,2 Palmitic acid C16:0 7.20 – 7.38 Palmitolic acid C16:1 0.06 – 0.10 Margaric acid C17:0 0.20 – 0.21 Stearic acid C18:0 30.78 - 30.80 Oleic acid (omega 9) C18:1 43.64 – 43.90 Linoleic acid (omega 6) C18:2 4.17 – 4.6 Linolenic acid (omega 3) C18:3 < 0.20 Arachidic acid C20:0 10.72 – 11.0 Reference: 1 “Final Report: Plant-Derived Fatty Acid oils as Used in Cosmetics - March 4, 2011”; Table 4.
    [Show full text]
  • What's in Your Tropical Fruit?1
    FSHN 07-08 What’s in Your Tropical Fruit?1 Susan S. Percival and Brooke Findley2 Florida ranked ninth in the nation for total cash receipts from fruit, with nearly 28% of this from field crops and other crops not including vegetables. Additionally, Florida’s top export is fruit; in 2003, Florida ranked second in the nation in fruit exports (3). Since the production of tropical fruits is an important part of the economy of the state, highlighting the nutritional benefits of these fruits enhances their marketability and appeal. However, the lack of comprehensive information about the nutritional properties of these foods presents a challenge. The purpose of this publication is to evaluate the current information available on the nutrient composition of Figure 1. Tropical Fruit Day (2005). tropical fruits. The nutrient information (amounts of fiber, Credits: UF/IFAS Vitamin A, Vitamin C, folate, potassium, calcium and iron) for the tropical fruits examined was compiled from the Introduction USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Fruits are abundant in nutrients, such as fiber, potas- (4, 5) (see Table 1). These values were then compared to the sium, folate, and Vitamin C. Moreover, they also contain daily reference values for food labeling (6) and evaluated carotenoids and polyphenols, which act as antioxidants in relation to the percent provided per serving. According within the body. Eating large amounts of plant-based foods to the FDA, a “good” source of a nutrient provides 10-19% has been associated with lowered rates of cardiovascular of the daily reference value, while an “excellent” source disease (1, 2) and with decreased risk of cancer and stroke provides 20% of the daily reference value (6, 7).
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins
    www.icsc.dk Natural Cosmetic Ingredients Exotic Butters & Oleins Conventional, Organic and Internal Stabilized Exotic Butters & Oleins Exotic Oils and butters are derived from uncontrolled plantations or jungles of Asia, Africa and South – Central America. The word exotic is used to define clearly that these crops are dependent on geographical and seasonal variations, which has an impact on their yearly production capacity. Our selection of natural exotic butters and oils are great to be used in the following applications: Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle creams Sun Protection Factor SPF Softening and hydration creams Skin brightening applications General skin care products Internal Stabilization I.S. extends the lifecycle of the products 20-30 times as compare to conventional. www.icsc.dk COCOA BUTTER Theobroma Cacao • Emollient • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Reduce degeneration and restores flexibility of the skin • Fine softening effect • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up, sunscreens CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED AVOCADO BUTTER Persea Gratissima • Skincare, massage, cream, make-up • Gives stables emulsions • Rapid absorption into skin • Good oxidative stability • High Oleic acid content • Protective effect against sunlight • Used as a remedy against rheumatism and epidermal pains • Emollient CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC STABILIZED ILLIPE BUTTER Shorea Stenoptera • Emollient • Fine softening effect and good spreadability on the skin • Stable emulsions and exceptionally good oxidative stability • Creams, stick
    [Show full text]
  • 19 0722 00 E.Pdf
    DUS DEAS 77-1 DRAFT UGANDA STANDARD First Edition 2019-mm-dd Fruit juices and nectars — Specification DRAFT REVIEW PUBLIC Reference number DUS DEAS 77-1: 2019 © UNBS 2019 DUS DEAS 77-1: 2019 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application DRAFT REVIEW © UNBS 2019 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronicPUBLIC or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written permission from UNBS. Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to The Executive Director Uganda National Bureau of Standards P.O. Box 6329 Kampala Uganda Tel: +256 417 333 250/1/2 Fax: +256 414 286 123 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.unbs.go.ug ii © UNBS 2019 - All rights reserved DUS DEAS 77-1: 2019 National foreword Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended. UNBS is mandated to co- ordinate the elaboration of standards and is (a) a member of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and (b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and (c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees.
    [Show full text]
  • HERBS: FACTS and FALLACIES Understanding Bio-Active Components of Plant-Derived Dietary Supplements
    SUPPLEMENTS: FACT OR FALLACY? Understanding Bio-Active Components of Plant-derived Dietary Supplements Essential Oils Milk Thistle Cayenne Goldenseal Bruce H. Woolley Professor Emeritus, Brigham Young University • 1894: USDA’s first nutrition guidelines. These NUTRITION essentially were: moderation in everything, eat a variety of nutrition-rich foods, watch your portion GUIDELINES size, and avoid eating too much fat. HISTORY • 1943: USDA updated this to their “Basic 7″, which was spurred on by wartime rationing. These basic seven were: green and yellow vegetables; oranges, tomatoes, grapefruit, raw cabbage or salad greens; potatoes, fruits and vegetables; milk based products; meat and eggs; bread, flour, and cereals; and butter or margarine. • 1956: “The Basic Four”: “vegetables and fruits”, milk, meat, and “cereals and breads”. • 1992:The Food Pyramid. • Since 1980: USDA also has produced much more detailed nutrition guides than the quick-fix picture versions, • 2010: Includes exercise. However, like the food pyramid and MyPlate, they seem to be heavily influenced by various groups within the agriculture industry. AM I RECEIVING THE NUTRIENTS I NEED? The USDA surveyed 16,000 Americans and found that not one person obtained 100 percent of essential nutrients such as magnesium, vitamin E, and zinc.1 Similarly, children and adolescents did not obtain enough essential nutrients such as folate, vitamin C, and calcium.2 1. 1.Nutrition Nutrition Today Today 2. USDA Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series CN-01-CD1 2. USDA Nutrition Assistance
    [Show full text]
  • Gcc Standarization Oraganization (Gso)
    GSO Draft Standard GSO …./2018 GCC STANDARIZATION ORAGANIZATION (GSO) (FDS) Prepared by GSO Technical Committee No TC05 General Standard for Fruit Juices, Drink and Nectars I.C.S:67.160.20 This document is a draft GSO standard circulated for comment. It is, therefore, subject to alteration and modification and may not be referred to as a GSO standard until approved by GSO. GSO Draft Standard GSO …./2018 Foreword The GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) is a regional Organisation which consists of the National Standards Bodies of GCC member states. One of GSO main functions is to issue GSO technical Standards through specialised technical committees (TCs). GSO through the technical program of committee TC No (5) "GSO Technical Committee for Food and Agricultural Products" has updated and merged the following GSO Technical Regulations: GSO2456/2015 “Fresh Fruit Juice (non-pasteurized)” GSO1820/2015 “Fruit Juices and Nectars” GSO794/2010 “Fruit Drink” GSO2201/2012 “Juices with Milk” GSO846/1997 “Mixed Fruit Nectars” The Draft Standard has been prepared by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This standard has been approved as a Gulf Technical regulation by the GSO Board of Directors in its meeting No (), which was held on 00/00/143 A.H (00/00/201 AD), providing that the following GSO Technical regulations are repealed: GSO2456/2015 “Fresh Fruit Juice (non-pasteurized)” GSO794/2010 “Fruit Drink” GSO2201/2012 “Juices with Milk” GSO846/1997 “Mixed Fruit Nectars” and replaces it. Fruit Juices, Drink and Nectars 1- Scope and field of application This GSO Standard applies to fruit juices and nectars, fresh fruit juice (non-pasteurised), fruit drink, juices with milk, and mixed fruit nectars.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Wood Forest Products
    Non-farm income wo from non- od forest prod ucts FAO Diversification booklet 12 FAO Diversification Diversification booklet number 12 Non-farm income wo from non- od forest products Elaine Marshall and Cherukat Chandrasekharan Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 2009 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders.
    [Show full text]
  • Theobroma Grandiflorum Breeding Optimization Based on Repeatability
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.01.446536; this version posted June 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 1 2 3 Theobroma grandiflorum breeding optimization based on 4 repeatability, stability and adaptability information 5 6 7 Saulo Fabrício da Silva Chaves1*, Rafael Moysés Alves2, Rodrigo Silva Alves3, Alexandre Magno 8 Sebbenn4, Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende5, Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias1 9 10 11 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 12 2Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brazil. 13 3Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Café, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 14 4Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 15 5Embrapa Café, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 16 17 *Corresponding author: 18 E-mail: [email protected] 19 20 21 All the authors contributed equally to this work 22 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.01.446536; this version posted June 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 2 23 Abstract 24 The cultivation of Theobroma grandiflorum in the Brazilian Amazon is mainly conducted by family 25 farmers who use a range of different management strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Doncaster to Conisbrough (PDF)
    Kilometres 0 Miles 0.5 1 1.5 0 Kilometres 1 Stage 17: Doncaster to Conisbrough A638 0 Miles 0.5 1 Cusworth To Selby River Don Enjoy the Slow Tour Things to see and do Wheatley Cusworth Hall and Museum A Cusworth 19 on the National Cycle An imposing 18th century country house Hall set in extensive landscaped parklands. 30 Network! A6 Sprotborough A638 Richmond The Slow Tour is a guide to 21 of Sprotborough is a village which sits on Hill the best cycle routes in Yorkshire. the River Don and has locks which allow Take a Break! It’s been inspired by the Tour de boats to pass safely. Doncaster has plenty of cafés, pubs and restaurants. France Grand Départ in Yorkshire in A 1 Conisbrough Viaduct (M Doncaster ) 2014 and funded by Public Health The Boat Inn, Sprotborough does great A630 With its 21 arches the grand viaduct Teams in the region. All routes form food and is where Sir Walter Scott wrote spans the River Don and formed part of his novel Ivanhoe. Doncaster part of the National Cycle Network - start the Dearne Valley Railway. The Red Lion, Conisbrough is a Sam more than 14,000 miles of traffic- Smith pub and serves a range of food. River Don free paths, quiet lanes and on-road Conisbrough Castle A638 walking and cycling routes across This medieval fortification was initially the UK. built in the 11th century by William de Hyde Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, after the Park This route is part of National Hexthorpe A18 0 Norman conquest of England in 1066.
    [Show full text]
  • 541 Bus Time Schedule & Line Route
    541 bus time schedule & line map 541 Sprotbrough - Scawsby (Ridgewood Sch) View In Website Mode The 541 bus line (Sprotbrough - Scawsby (Ridgewood Sch)) has 2 routes. For regular weekdays, their operation hours are: (1) Scawsby <-> Sprotbrough: 3:05 PM (2) Sprotbrough <-> Scawsby: 8:00 AM Use the Moovit App to ƒnd the closest 541 bus station near you and ƒnd out when is the next 541 bus arriving. Direction: Scawsby <-> Sprotbrough 541 bus Time Schedule 14 stops Scawsby <-> Sprotbrough Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday Not Operational Monday 3:05 PM Barnsley Road/Emley Drive, Scawsby Tuesday 3:05 PM Barnsley Road/Scawsby Lane, Scawsby Wednesday 3:05 PM Spring Lane/Stone Cross Drive, Sprotbrough Thursday 3:05 PM Spring Hill Close, Sprotbrough And Cusworth Civil Parish Friday 3:05 PM Melton Road/Spring Lane, Sprotbrough Saturday Not Operational Melton Road/Brompton Road, Sprotbrough Melton Road/Park Drive, Sprotbrough Melton Road/Clifton Drive, Sprotbrough 541 bus Info Direction: Scawsby <-> Sprotbrough Melton Road/Richmond Hill Road, Sprotbrough Stops: 14 Trip Duration: 14 min Melton Road, Doncaster Line Summary: Barnsley Road/Emley Drive, Melton Road/Challenger Drive, Sprotbrough Scawsby, Barnsley Road/Scawsby Lane, Scawsby, Spring Lane/Stone Cross Drive, Sprotbrough, Melton Sprotbrough Road/Allendale Road, Sprotbrough Road/Spring Lane, Sprotbrough, Melton Road/Brompton Road, Sprotbrough, Melton Road/Park Drive, Sprotbrough, Melton Road/Clifton Sprotbrough Road/Tennyson Avenue, Drive, Sprotbrough, Melton Road/Richmond Hill Sprotbrough
    [Show full text]
  • Codex General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars
    1 CODEX GENERAL STANDARD FOR FRUIT JUICES AND NECTARS (CODEX STAN 247-2005) 1. SCOPE This Standard applies to all products as defined in Section 2.1 below. 2. DESCRIPTION 2.1 PRODUCT DEFINITION 2.1.1 Fruit Juice Fruit juice is the unfermented but fermentable liquid obtained from the edible part of sound, appropriately mature and fresh fruit or of fruit maintained in sound condition by suitable means including post harvest surface treatments applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Some juices may be processed with pips, seeds and peel, which are not usually incorporated in the juice, but some parts or components of pips, seeds and peel, which cannot be removed by Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) will be acceptable. The juice is prepared by suitable processes, which maintain the essential physical, chemical, organoleptical and nutritional characteristics of the juices of the fruit from which it comes. The juice may be cloudy or clear and may have restored1 aromatic substances and volatile flavour components, all of which must be obtained by suitable physical means, and all of which must be recovered from the same kind of fruit. Pulp and cells2 obtained by suitable physical means from the same kind of fruit may be added. A single juice is obtained from one kind of fruit. A mixed juice is obtained by blending two or more juices or juices and purées, from different kinds of fruit. Fruit juice is obtained as follows: 2.1.1.1 Fruit juice directly expressed by mechanical extraction processes. 2.1.1.2 Fruit juice from concentrate by reconstituting concentrated fruit juice defined in Section 2.1.2 with potable water that meets the criteria described in Section 3.1.1(c).
    [Show full text]