The Degrees, Gowns and Hoods of the British, Colonial, Indian And
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mav •rj ^92 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/degreesgownshoodOOwooduoft ; THE -^tc DEGREES 3fs^ GOWNS, AND HOODS OF THE BRITISH. COLONI/L, INDIAN, }M /MEI[ICAN BY THE REV. T. W. WOOD, Vicar of Eldersfield, And a Chaplain of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, in England AUTHOR OF ^^ ^''Ecclesiastical and Academical Colours,''* ^'- Guide to Ordination, 'iD'c, LONDON: THOMAS PRATT AND SONS, 23 and 24, Tavistock Street, CovENT Garden. PRINTED BY THE CHURCH PRINTING COMPANY, 11, BURLEIGH STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. £:6=f^rf?& j- CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction --- -__ _. I Abbreviations explained -------__^ Degrees and Diplomas of the Universities and - - Colleges 5 University of Oxford ----_____y University of Cambridge -----___3 University of Durham - - _ » _ g University of London - - - - _ _ _ . -10 Victoria University, Manchester - - - - _ _ -11 St. David's College, Lampeter - - - - - - - -12 Lambeth Degrees - - - - - - _ - _ -i? St. Bees College - - - -- _ - _ _ -14 King's College, London - - - - - - _ _ -M Chichester Theological College - - - - - _ -14 St. Aidan's, Birkenhead - - - - - - _ _ -14 Lichfield Theological College - - - - - - - -14 London College of Divinity - - - - - - _ -14 Gloucester Theological College - - - - - - -15 Lincoln Scholx Cancellarii - - - - - _ _ -15 Truro Scholae Cancellarii - - - - - - . -15 Queen's College, Birmingham - - - - - - - -15 St. Augustine's Mission College, Canterbury - - - - - 15 Mission College of St. Peter and St. - - - Paul, Dorchester- I <> Trinity College, London - - - -- - .. -16 College of Organists, London - - - - - - _i(5 St. Nicholas College, Lancing _ _ _ _ - - 16 Trinity College, Dublin - - -- - - - - -17 Qu^een's University - - - - - - . _ -18 Royal University of Ireland -^- - - - - - -r8 11 CONTENTS. PAGE University of St. Andrews - - - - - - - -ip University of Glasgow - - - - - - - - -ip University of Aberdeen --------- 20 University of Edinburgh - - - - - - - -2L Trinity College, Glenalmond - - - - - - - -21 Episcopal Theological College, Edinburgh - - - - - 2 King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia - - - - - -22 University of New Brunswick- - - - -- - -22 University of Toronto ------__«22 University of Trinity College, Toronto - - - - - -23 University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Canada - - - - 23 Queen's University and College, Kingston, Canada - - - - 24 McGill College and University, Montreal - - - - - -24 University of Sydney - - - - - - - - -25 University of Melbourne - - - - - - - -26 University of Adelaide - - - - - - - - -26 University of New Zealand - -. - - - _ _ -27 University of the Cape of Good Hope - - - - - - 27 University of Calcutta - - - - - - - _ -28 University of Madras - - -.- - - - - -29 University of Bombay - -- - - - _ _ -29 Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut - 31 General Theological Seminary, New York - - - - - 3 University of the South - - - - - - - - -3^ Racine College - - - - - - _ _ . -32 Harvard University - - - - - _ _ _ -33 Dartmouth College - - - - - _ - _ -33 Williams College - - - - - - - _ _ -33 University of Pennsylvania - - - - - _ _ "33 Columbia College, New York- - - - - - .- -33 Boston University - - - - - - __ - -34 Yale College -------^--oj. Kenyon College, Ohio - - - - - __ _ -34 List of United States Universities - _ _ _ _ - 34 INTRODUCTION. A FEW years ago I published a little book containing, among other things, a list of the Degrees and Hoods of all the British and a few of the Colonial Universities and Colleges. From time to time I have received a large number of letters from Graduates of Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, Durham, &c., with suggestions as to the extending of this list to all the principal Colonial and American Universities. I also received unsolicited communications from Canada, the United States, and Australia, offering to supply- information, in case I proposed to include at any time the Univer- sities and Colleges in those distant parts, in any such extension. Being thus encouraged, I undertook the somewhat formidable task of corresponding with the principal Universities among the English- speaking people throughout the world. A considerable time neces- sarily elapsed before I could receive replies from all of them, especially from the distant Colonies ; but having now procured the information I sought, I am able to offer in the following pages that which many correspondents have asked me for, and which I believe is not obtainable from any other source. And here I wish to express my best thanks to those gentlemen in America, India, Australia, New Zealand, and the Cape who have kindly sent me information, and more especially to those who have volunteered to help me. In many cases copies of University Calendars, or ^' Catalogues," as they are called in the United States, have been forwarded to me. These vary considerably in the amount and kind of information which they contain. Some are large volumes like the well-known Calendars of our own Universities, whilst others are but mere pamphlets stitched in paper covers. The course of instruction and examination at most of the Colonial Universities has been modelled upon the system employed at one or other of the Universities in the mother country, some following very closely Oxford and Cambridge, others London, and one or two the Scottish Universities. The Colonial INTRODUCTION. Universities differ very much in size and importance. Some are large and flourishing seats of learning, whilst others seem to be but small Colleges, almost struggling for existence. In some cases the Degrees have only a local value, but in others the Queen has granted a Royal Charter, by which the position of the Graduates has been secured, and their Degrees recognized throughout the British Empire. The United States Universities are exceedingly numerous. They derive their Degree-giving power from the Legislature of the State in which they are situated. Academical costume has hitherto not been adopted but by a few American Universities, and these are mostly con- nected with the Episcopal Church. There is a tendency, however, to introduce Gowns and Hoods for the use of Graduates. The value of a Degree from the United States depends upon the rank and position of the College which conferred it. It should be distinctly stated that no Degrees are sold by any College, however small and insignificant, as is sometimes thought to be the case in England, where the American University system is but little understood. It is true that spurious Degrees were sold a few years ago by an agent in England, which apparently were conferred by a regular chartered University ; and indeed it seems that the institution in question had actually procured a charter as a new kind of Medical College. But as soon as it was known that it had commenced to carry on a Degree trade, the pro- ceedings were at once stopped by the withdrawal of the charter, and the enterprising head of this '' University " was last heard of in one of the State prisons, busily employed in another kind of occupation. It seems, however, that but few persons in England were duped, and these were chiefly non-quaiified medical men, who purchased M.D.'s, and private schoolmasters, who invested ten guineas in an M.A., or perhaps ventured fifteen for a LL.D. The Hoods, or Tippets, of the Theological Colleges in England have from time to time been discussed in print, and particularly lately in a leading Church newspaper. A great deal has been said, and may still be said, on both sides, for them and against them. The 58th Canon states : "Such Ministers as are Graduates shall wear upon their Surplices such Hoods as, by the orders of the Universities, are agreeable to their Degrees, which no Minister shall wear (being — INTRODUCTION. no Graduate) under pain of suspension. Notwithstanding, it shall be lawful for such Ministers as are not Graduates to wear upon their Surplices, instead of Hoods, some decent Tippet of black, so it be not silk." On the one hand, some argue that this Canon permits only Graduates to wear any kind of a Hood over their Surplices, and restricts all non-Graduates alike to a plain stuiF black Tippet. But it is replied that the Canon was framed before Theological Colleges were contemplated, and therefore it cannot apply to these recognized institutions for training Candidates for Holy Orders. Besides, it has been said that a distinguishing mark, even a coloured lining to the " decent Tippet of black," is no infringement of the Canon. On these grounds some of the Theological Colleges have for years adopted a coloured lining or edging to their Hoods, in more than one case with the express permission of the Archbishop of Canter- bury at the time it was introduced. The Upper House of Convoca- tion of the Province of Canterbury has recently tried to settle the matter by declaring that each Theological College may have a coloured border or edging on a black Hood not of silk. Some of the Theological Colleges have adopted this plan, but it does not seem as if it would become general, for those who have previously pos- sessed a lining are not likely to relinquish it for a narrow border. If I may venture to make a suggestion, in addition to the many which have been already made by others, I would say that the most satisfactory plan to settle this question would be for one kind of Hood only to be granted to the certificated Students of all Theo- logical Colleges alike, as they all pass through a similar course of instruction and examination, irrespective of the locality in which the College happens to be situated. Graduates could then no longer feel aggrieved at the multiplication of Theological Hoods, some of which, it is alleged, resemble their own; for the Theological Hood, easily recog- nized, would be an evident and well-known mark that the wearer had received special training for his work, though not at a University whether at St. Bees or Chichester, St. Aiden's or Lincoln, would be immaterial. If I may further make a suggestion, I would add that the colour of the lining of such a general Theological Hood might be some shade of violet, as this colour is already adopted by three or ; INTRODUCTION.