Transformational Opportunities in Science and Technology
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Lipid Analysis of CO2-Rich Subsurface Aquifers Suggests an Autotrophy-Based Deep Biosphere with Lysolipids Enriched in CPR Bacteria
The ISME Journal (2020) 14:1547–1560 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0624-4 ARTICLE Lipid analysis of CO2-rich subsurface aquifers suggests an autotrophy-based deep biosphere with lysolipids enriched in CPR bacteria 1,2 3,4 1,3 3 3 Alexander J. Probst ● Felix J. Elling ● Cindy J. Castelle ● Qingzeng Zhu ● Marcus Elvert ● 5,6 6 1 7,9 7 Giovanni Birarda ● Hoi-Ying N. Holman ● Katherine R. Lane ● Bethany Ladd ● M. Cathryn Ryan ● 8 3 1 Tanja Woyke ● Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ● Jillian F. Banfield Received: 20 November 2018 / Revised: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 February 2020 / Published online: 13 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Sediment-hosted CO2-rich aquifers deep below the Colorado Plateau (USA) contain a remarkable diversity of uncultivated microorganisms, including Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria that are putative symbionts unable to synthesize membrane lipids. The origin of organic carbon in these ecosystems is unknown and the source of CPR membrane lipids remains elusive. We collected cells from deep groundwater brought to the surface by eruptions of Crystal Geyser, sequenced 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: the community, and analyzed the whole community lipidome over time. Characteristic stable carbon isotopic compositions of microbial lipids suggest that bacterial and archaeal CO2 fixation ongoing in the deep subsurface provides organic carbon for the complex communities that reside there. Coupled lipidomic-metagenomic analysis indicates that CPR bacteria lack complete lipid biosynthesis pathways but still possess regular lipid membranes. These lipids may therefore originate from other community members, which also adapt to high in situ pressure by increasing fatty acid unsaturation. -
Frank Press 1924–2020
perspectives KEN FULTON AND MARCIA MCNUTT Remembering Frank Press 1924–2020 Frank Press, portrait by Jon Friedman, 1995 rogress in the authoritative use of scientific evidence Press was born on December 4, 1924, and grew up in New to guide wise government policy is a story of people, York City, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. He recalled ideas, and institutions. As an example, Frank Press being a poorly performing student in the public school Plaunched Issues in Science and Technology as a vehicle to system until sixth grade, when a pair of glasses allowed him provide a forum in which a community of experts could to read the blackboard. Early on, he developed an interest share their experiences, opinions, and proposals for in science from reading periodicals such as Popular Science advancing science in the public interest under the banner and Popular Mechanics, but it was a high school geology of a trusted, nonpartisan science policy institution. It is teacher who ignited his interest in the geosciences. While therefore most fitting that we highlight here Press’s many conducting an assigned magnetic survey of Van Cortland contributions to science policy through his ideas and the Park in the Bronx, he realized that with geophysics he could institutions he built. apply his aptitude for physics to explore the unknown. 20 ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY perspectives Press completed a physics major at City College of New excitation of Earth’s free oscillations for the very first time, York in 1944 in just two and a half years, studying year- thus deriving new information about the structure of Earth’s round as was common during the war years. -
Jesse H. Ausubel the Liberation of the Environment
Jesse H. Ausubel The Liberation of the Environment Di Renzo Dialogues in Science The Dialogues: Science The books of this series result from extensive discussions with the author, who, stimulated by our questions, similar to those which a reader might wish to pose, develops clearly the themes of his professional career. ©2014 Di Renzo Editore Viale Manzoni 59 00185 Roma Tel. 06/77 20 90 20 Fax 06/70 47 40 67 E‐mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.direnzo.it JESSE H. AUSUBEL La liberazione dell’ambiente Di Renzo Editore Table of Contents My Roots..................................................................................................................................1 My Childhood...........................................................................................................................4 University Years........................................................................................................................8 The US National Academy of Sciences and the First United Nations World Climate Conference..............................................................12 A Bridge over the Cold War: The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ........14 Global Warming and Climate Change............................................................. .......................17 The mid‐80s: A General Theory of Environmental Problems.................................................20 A Question of Efficiency.........................................................................................................22 -
Presidential Files; Folder: 11/22/77; Container 52
11/22/77 Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential Files; Folder: 11/22/77; Container 52 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Staff_Secretary.pdf TIIE PRESIDENT'S SCHEDULE Tuesday - November 22,1977 8:15 Dr. Zbigniew Brz.ezinski The Oval Office . 8:45 .Hr . Frank Moore The Oval Office. 10:00 Medal of Science Awards. (Dr. Frank Press). ·Room 450, EOB. I \ 10:30 Mr. Jody Powell The Oval Office. 11:00 Presentation of Diplomatic Credentials. (Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski} - The Oval Office. 11:45 Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Admiral Stansfield Turner, and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski. The Oval Office. 12:30 Lunch \..,-::_ th Hrs. Rosalynn Carter ·- The Ovctl Office. 2:00 Budget Review Meeting. (Mr. James Mcintyre). ( 2 hrs.) The Cabinet Room. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON \"~ Date: November 22, 1977 l\ vo\ \'~ MEMORANDUM t)lDifll FOR ACTION: '" FOR INFORMATION: Stu Eizenstat ~t""'"' Frank Moore (Les Francis)~ The Vice President Jack Watson Bob Lipshutz Jim Mcintyre FROM: Rick Hutcheson, Staff Secretary SUBJECT: Adams memo dated 11/22/77 re Response to the Boston Plan and Location of Rail Maintenance Facilit.y in the Northeast Corridor YOUR RESPONSE MUST BE DELIVERED TO THE STAFF SECRETARY BY: TIME: 11:00 AM DAY: Monday DATE: November 28, 1977 ACTION REQUESTED: _x_ Your comments Other: STAFF RESPONSE: __ I concur. __ No comment: Please note other comments below: PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED. If you have any questions or if you anticipate a delay in submitting the required material, please telephone the Staff Secretary immediately. -
Jie (Jackie) Li
Jie (Jackie) Li Jie (Jackie) Li Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan 1100 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor MI 48109 +1 734 6157317, [email protected] http:/www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/jackieli/ EDUCATION 1992 University of Science and Technology of China, B.S. Geochemistry 1997 Harvard University, M.A. Geophysics 1998 Harvard University. Ph.D. Earth and Planetary Sciences POSITIONS HELD University of Michigan 2016- Professor 2010-2016 Associate Professor University of Illinois 2009 Associate Professor 2003-2009 Assistant Professor Carnegie Institution for Science 2000-2003 Postdoctoral Associate, 1998-2000 Gilbert Postdoctoral Fellow 2018 Stanford University, Blaustein Visiting Adjunct Professor, 2013 University of Western Australia, Short-Stay Visitor, Institute of Advanced Studies, 2012 Tohoku University, Japan Global Center of Excellence Scholar, 2012 Columbia University, Tharp Fellow 1996-1997 Harvard University, Resident Tutor, Winthrop House AWARDS AND HONORS 2013 Kavli Fellow, National Academy of Sciences 2010 Fellow, Mineralogical Society of America 2009-2010 COMPRES (Consortium for Materials Properties Research) Distinguished Lecturer 2009 Helen Corley Petit Scholar, University of Illinois, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 2009-2010 Center for Advanced Study Fellow, University of Illinois 2003-2008 Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Students, University of Illinois 1992 Presidential Guo Morou Prize, University of Science and Technology of China PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP 2016- American Association -
Nature and Extent of the Deep Biosphere Frederick S
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry Vol. 75 pp. 547-574, 2013 17 Copyright © Mineralogical Society of America Nature and Extent of the Deep Biosphere Frederick S. Colwell College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5503, U.S.A. [email protected] Steven D’Hondt Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, U.S.A. [email protected] INTRODUCTION In the last three decades we have learned a great deal about microbes in subsurface envi- ronments. Once, these habitats were rarely examined, perhaps because so much of the life that we are concerned with exists at the surface and seems to pace its metabolic and evolutionary rhythms with the overt planetary, solar, and lunar cycles that dictate our own lives. And it cer- tainly remains easier to identify with living beings that are in our midst, most obviously strug- gling with us or against us for survival over time scales that are easiest to track using diurnal, monthly or annual periods. Yet, research efforts are drawn again and again to the subsurface to consider life there. No doubt this has been due to our parochial interests in the resources that exist there (the water, minerals, and energy) that our society continues to require and that in some cases are created or modified by microbes. However, we also continue to be intrigued by the scientific curiosities that might only be solved by going underground and examining life where it does and does not exist. But really, is life underground just a peculiarity of most life on the planet and only a re- cently discovered figment of life? Or is it actually a more prominent and fundamental, if unseen, theme for life on our planet? Our primary purpose in this chapter is to provide an incremental assembly of knowledge of subsurface life with the aim of moving us towards a more complete conceptual model of deep life on the planet. -
Commodore of a Global DNA Census
Commodore of a Global DNA Census Tue Apr 26 2011 Page: D1 / Science Times Byline: NICHOLAS WADE Column: SCIENTIST AT WORK JESSE H. AUSUBEL Length: 1,704 words Ad Value: $940,680 Circulation: 1,126,190 "Dinochelus ausubeli" was the name conferred earlier this year on a strange deep sea monster, a lobster discovered off the Philippine coast whose right claw is elongated into a fearsome pincer. The new species was named not after its discoverer, but in honor of the person under whose auspices a fleet of 540 ships from 80 nations has found the lobster and 6,000 other new marine species in the last 10 years. He is Jesse H. Ausubel, a Rockefeller University environmental researcher who is also vice president of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation of New York. With his academic hat, Mr. Ausubel, 59, writes and thinks about the environment. Under his foundation hat, he has so far started four major international programs to survey the planet and catalog its biological diversity. He began the Census of Marine Life in 2000 after discussions with Fred Grassle, a deep-sea biologist at Rutgers University. The project began as a census of the fishes, but as more biologists got involved it expanded to include invertebrates, a wide range of habitats from shoreline to the ocean abysses, and a system for monitoring the distribution of ocean species. The Sloan Foundation invested $75 million in the census, but all the ship time was paid for by the participating institutions. By the time the first census finished, in 2010, total investment in the project had reached $650 million. -
An "Exceedingly Delicate Undertaking": Sino-American
An "exceedingly delicate undertaking": Sino-American science diplomacy, 1966–78 LSE Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/102296/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Millwood, Peter (2019) An "exceedingly delicate undertaking": Sino-American science diplomacy, 1966–78. Journal of Contemporary History. ISSN 0022-0094 (In Press) Reuse Items deposited in LSE Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the LSE Research Online record for the item. [email protected] https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/ An “Exceedingly Delicate Undertaking”: Sino-American Science Diplomacy, 1966–78 Pete Millwood International History Department, London School of Economics In the first half of the twentieth century, China sought to modernize through opening to the world. Decades of what would become a century of humiliation had disabused the country of its previous self-perceived technological superiority, as famously expressed by Emperor Qianlong to the British envoy George Macartney in 1793. The Chinese had instead become convinced that they needed knowledge from outside to become strong enough to resist imperial aggression. No country encouraged this opening more than the United States. Americans threw money and expertise at the training of Chinese students and intellectuals. The Rockefeller Foundation’s first major overseas project was the creation of China’s finest medical college and other US institutions followed Rockefeller’s lead by establishing dozens of Chinese universities and technical schools to train a new generation of Chinese scientists. -
ALBERT PADDOCK CRARY 1911-1987 Noted Exploration Geophysicist Albertp
OBITUARY / 89 ALBERT PADDOCK CRARY 1911-1987 Noted exploration geophysicist AlbertP. Crary diedin Wash- exceptional man becauseof his abilityto combine his genius as a ington, D.C., Thursday afternoon, October 29, 1987, of com- scientific explorer with his qualities as a human being. For this plications following spinal tumor surgery.Known as the “father” he will be remembered by those of us who werehis compatriots of theAmerican Antarctic science program and, earlier, a in science and friends inlife. ” leading researcher inthe Arctic, Crary conducted a broad range “Bert Crary, perhaps more than any other person, brought of scientific observationsin Polar regions, incidentally becom- modem geophysics to the study of ice and the landin the polar ing the first person to have set foot on both North and South regions,” said Dr. Mark F. Meier, director of the Institute of Poles. Arctic and AlpineResearch, University of Colorado. Science editor of The New York Times, Walter S. Sullivan, Jr., said, “To me, Bert Crary represented the finest in polar explorers and scientists. In contrast to so many, he was not driven by vanityor ego but by the advancementof knowledge. And he was a wonderful humanbeing.” Other colleagues reacted similarlyto news of his death. Dr. William O. Field, Jr., former head of theDepartment of Exploration and Field Researchof the American Geographical Society, found him “a great scientist, a great companion, and a great friend. I’m proud to have been associated withhim.” Dr. Richard P. Goldthwait, founder and first director of the Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University, said, “He was a great man at the endof an era of getting into the Antarctic and learning aboutit. -
Office of Science and Technology (Frank Press)
441 Freedom Parkway NE Atlanta, GA 30307 http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov Records of the Office of Science and Technology Policy: A Guide to Its Records at the Jimmy Carter Library Collection Summary Creator: Office of Science and Technology Policy Title: Records of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Dates: 1977-1981 Quantity: 8 linear feet, 18 Containers Identification: Accession Number: 80-1 National Archives Identifier: 1086 Scope and Content: This collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, notes, briefing materials, publications, news clippings, and phone messages. Also included are invitations, photographs, statistical charts, and reports. The material relates to the environment, energy, transportation, and conservation. Creator Information: Office of Science and Technology Policy This office was headed by Frank Press who became Science Advisor to President Carter and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in 1976. The OSTP grew out of the Office of Science and Technology which was formed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. The office was created to provide recommendations and advice in response to the growing importance of space exploration. The office advised the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology concerning domestic and international affairs. The office served as a source of scientific and technological analysis and judgment for the President with respect to major policies, plans, and programs of the federal government. The OSTP lead an effort to develop and implement sound science and technology policies and budgets. Frank Press focused on increasing government commitment to basic research, evaluating the impact of federal regulations on the economy, and providing analyses of a national energy policy. -
California Institute of Technology Catalog 1957-8
Bulletin of the California Institute of Technology Catalog 1957-8 PAS ADEN A, CALIFORNIA BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 66 NUMBER 3 The California Institute of Technology Bulletin is published quarterly Entered as Second Class Matter at the Post Office at Pasadena, California, under the Act of August 24, 1912 CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A College, Graduate School, and Institute of Research in Science, Engineering, and the Humanities CATALOG 1957 -1958 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTE SEPTEMBER, 1957 PASADENA, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS PART ONE. GENERAL INFORMATION PAGE Academic Calendar .............................. __ ...... _.. _._._. __ . __ . __ . __ .. _____ 11 Board of Trustees ..................... _...................... _... __ ....... _.. ______ .. 15 Trustee Committees ......................... _..... __ ._ .. _____ .. _........... _... __ .. 16 Administrative Officers of the Institute ..... ___ ........... _.. _.. _.... 18 Faculty Officers and Committees, 1957-58 ... __ .. __ ._ .. _... _......... _.... 19 Staff of Instruction and Research-Summary ._._ .. ___ ... ___ ._. 21 Staff of Instruction and Research .... _. __ .. __ .... _____ ._ .. __ .... _ 38 Fellows, Scholars and Assistants _.. _: __ ... _..._ ...... __ . __ .. _ 66 California Institute Associates .... _... _ ... _._ .. _... __ ... ._ .. __ .. _.. 79 Historical Sketch .................... _..... __ ........... __ .. __ ... _.... _... _.. ____ . 83 Educational Policies ...... _.. __ .... __ . 88 Industrial Associates ........_. __ 91 Industrial -
On Being a Scientist: a Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/12192 SHARE On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition DETAILS 82 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-11970-2 | DOI 10.17226/12192 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy; National Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Engineering; Institute of Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition ON BEING A SCIENTIST A GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT IN RESEARCH THIRD EDITION Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov- erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer- ing, and the Institute of Medicine.