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Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 274 9 June 2008

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Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 274 9 June 2008 Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University Number 274 9 June 2008 HERPETOFAUNA OF LAKE MEREDIT H NATIONA L RECREATION AREA AND AL IBATES FL INT QUARRIES NATIONA L MONU M ENT AND T H E VICINITY (POTTER , HUTC H INSON , AND MOORE COUNTIES , TEXAS ) MICHAEL PATRIKEEV ABSTRACT Herpetofauna of Lake Meredith National Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries Na- tional Monument (Texas, USA) is not well known. The current study (2002-03) documents nine species of amphibians and 28 species of reptiles; in addition, one species of amphibian and seven species of reptiles are known from museum specimens. Three species (Bufo debilis insidior, Cnemidophorus tesselatus, and Rhinocheilus lecontei tesselatus) are new for Moore County. The distributions of Bufo debilis insidior and Thamnophis sirtalis annectens were adjusted. An additional 13 species (three amphibians and 10 reptiles) were recorded on adjacent lands in the past, and some of those species may occur in the two protected areas as well. Key words: amphibians, Lake Meredith, reptiles, Texas Panhandle INTRODUCTION The north-central Texas Panhandle lacks recent Recreation Area, and the Mansfield Ranch is 45 km herpetological assessment, and Lake Meredith National W of its southwestern limits. The only known docu- Recreation Area and Alibates Flint Quarries National ment containing information on herpetofauna of Lake Monument have never been thoroughly surveyed for Meredith National Recreation Area is a list of vertebrate amphibians and reptiles. The only detailed herpetologi- animals prepared by Philips (1989). The list, however, cal study in the region was conducted at the Bugbee is neither annotated nor substantiated by specimens or Ranch east of Stinnett (Hutchinson County) in 1950 photographs, and it is not clear whether Philips used when 846 specimens of reptiles belonging to 31 species his personal observations, published distributional were collected (Fouquette and Lindsay 1955). That maps, or both when compiling the list. The current study, however, omitted amphibians. A brief survey by study of herpetofauna of these protected areas was Scudday and Scudday (1975) at the Mansfield Ranch, conducted in 2002-03 during a comprehensive inven- Oldham County, during 19 to 29 June 1974 yielded tory of vertebrate animals undertaken in a cooperative only four species of amphibians and 10 to 11 species project between the US National Park Service and The of reptiles. The Bugbee Ranch lies 27 km NNW of Nature Conservancy. the northeastern limits of Lake Meredith National 2 OCCASIONA L PAPERS , MUSEU M OF TEXAS TEC H UNI V ERSITY STUDY AREA Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (Lake condition” or representative of the area, especially Meredith NRA) is located within the western extension when compared to similar vegetation types outside the of the Rolling Plains in the Texas Panhandle (Potter, parks. The following description of the parks’ habitats Moore, and Hutchinson counties) and encompasses was adopted from Nesom and O’Kennon (2005). To 18,216 ha of uplands, steep slopes, arid plains, wet- be able to compare this study to that of Fouquette and lands, and 4,000 ha of open water. Alibates Flint Quar- Lindsay (1955), the parks’ habitat types were grouped ries National Monument (Alibates Flint Quarries NM) into rocky slopes and uplands, sandy areas, riparian comprises 555 ha of uplands and abuts Lake Meredith areas, and marsh. There is also a man-modified borrow NRA in the northeastern part of Potter County (National area at the northeastern end of Lake Meredith NRA. Park Service 2000, 2001). The Canadian River has carved a narrow, steep-walled canyon 60 to 90 m deep Rocky slopes consist of red sandstone slopes, and up to 3.3 km wide through the area. Between this gravelly slopes, Dolomite caprock, and few gypsum canyon and the surrounding caprock, many tributary outcrops. These slopes are dominated by broom streams have created a rough and broken topography, snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), small soapweed known as the Canadian River Breaks. Construction of yucca (Yucca glauca), woolly locoweed (Astragalus the Sanford Dam between these “breaks” in 1962 cre- mollissimus), white sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana), ated a large reservoir: Lake Meredith. The area lies at fragrant mimosa (Mimosa borealis), featherplume (Da- elevations 855-1,013 m above sea level (National Park lea formosa), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), Service 2001). Coordinates of locations mentioned in and blue grama (B. gracilis), with scattered one-seeded the text can be found in the Appendix. juniper (Juniperus monosperma), and honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). Lace hedgehog cactus (Echino- Climate of the area is semi-arid with consider- cereus reichenbachii) and plains prickly-pear (Opuntia able seasonal ranges in temperature, from the average polyacantha) are common cacti. of -7oC in winter to +33oC in summer. The average annual rainfall is ca. 500 mm, 70% of which falls be- Sandy areas include sandhills, sandflats, and san- tween April and September. The area receives almost dy valley bottoms. Rolling hills and flats of relatively constant winds of ca. 20 km/hour, often reaching 50 deep, loose sand are dominated by sand sagebrush to 60 km/hour in early spring. Estimated evaporation (Artemisia filifolia), annual buckwheat (Eriogonum rates (largely due to the winds) are 60 to 65% of the annuum), small soapweed yucca, sand dropseed total precipitation (National Park Service 2001). Ac- (Sporobolus cryptandrus), purple sandgrass (Triplasis cording to Texas Water Management Board data (2006) purpurea), witchgrass (Panicum capillare), and scat- the area experienced several droughts as well as wetter tered honey mesquite and patches of Chickasaw plum years between 1940 and 2004. Fouquette and Lindsay’s (Prunus angustifolia). Sandflats are dominated by (1955) study at Bugbee Ranch coincided with one of grasses, especially vine mesquite (Panicum obtusum) the wetter periods, whereas the surveys reported here and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), with took place during a drought. Examination of Texas sand dropseed, streambed bristlegrass (Setaria leuco- Water Management Board data revealed that average pila), and sideoats grama in lesser abundance. precipitation in 2000-03 was 32.7% less than that dur- ing 1948-50 (425 vs. 632 mm), e.g., rainfall between Riparian areas include cottonwood woodlands April and September decreased by 48.3% (from 515 and hackberry-soapberry dry woodland along the larger to 266 mm). The most conspicuous decrease occurred drainages. Dominant trees and shrubs are plains cotton- during the months of July and August (Fig. 1). wood (Populus deltoides var. monilifera), Chickasaw plum, netleaf hackberry (Celtis reticulata), western The vegetation of Lake Meredith NRA and Ali- soapberry (Sapindus drummondii), common hoptree bates Flint Quarries NM was assessed by Nesom and (Ptelea trifoliata), fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica), O’Kennon (2005) and found to be “mostly in good and willows (Salix). Herbaceous species are represent- PATRIKEE V —AM P H IBIANS AND REPTI L ES OF T H E TEXAS PAN H AND L E 3 Figure 1. Average monthly precipitation in the central Texas Panhandle in 1948-50 and 2000-03. ed by grasses, e.g., switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), The borrow area at the north end of Lake Mer- Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), Canada wild-rye edith NRA, between North Canyon and FM 1319, had (Elymus canadensis), and little bluestem (Schizachy- large amounts of rock and soil removed ca. 1962-1968 rium scoparium). Plains prickly-pear is also common. for construction of Sanford Dam. This area is now Common reed (Phragmites australis) and southern relatively flat, consistently scraped down to a level of cattail (Typha domingensis) grow in the wettest habi- reddish sandstone and sandy clay and naturally reveg- tats. Along relatively narrow channels of permanent etated over the last 40 years. Honey mesquite is the or seasonal flow there are sedge meadows dominated dominant shrub-small tree of the borrow area. Other by Cyperaceae (Nesom and O’Kennon 2005). Varying common species are broom snakeweed, white heath lake levels have encouraged the encroachment of non- aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides), yellow bluestem native salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima) in floodplain (Bothriochloa ischaemum), sideoats grama, and sand areas (National Park Service 2001). dropseed (Nesom and O’Kennon 2005). Marsh habitat is common at the south end of Lake Oil and gas exploration and development have Meredith, along the Canadian River, and immediately been actively pursued in the vicinity of Lake Meredith below Sanford Dam (Sanford Marsh). The marshes are NRA and Alibates Flint Quarries NM since the late dominated by southern cattail and common threesquare 1920s, well before establishment of the parks. In the (Schoenoplectus pungens) in areas of deeper water, with parks today, there are 170 active well sites, 64 km of ac- common reed and spiny chloracantha (Chloracantha tive oil field access roads, 167 km of abandoned roads, spinosa) around the edges. Pondweed (Zannichellia and 6 km of existing oil and gas pipelines (National palustris and Potamogeton pectinatus) occur in deeper Park Service 2001). channels and pools (Nesom and O’Kennon 2005). Wetlands comprise ca. 34% of Lake Meredith NRA (National Park Service 2001). 4 OCCASIONA L PAPERS , MUSEU M OF TEXAS TEC H UNI V ERSITY MET H ODS Methods followed the “Study Plan for Biological ing roads looking for reptiles and amphibians crossing Inventories, Southern Plains Network, National Park roadways. Detected individuals were captured, identi- Service” (National Park Service 2000). Vouchers for fied, and photographed. All paved park roads and the amphibian and reptile species were allowed in the form majority of accessible unpaved roads were surveyed. of photographs, journal articles and technical reports, In total, 24 night searches were conducted: 13 in 2002 and physical specimens. Photographic evidence was (28 April; 2, 10, 13-15, 18, 20, 26 June; 4, 13, 17 July; used whenever possible. Photographic vouchers can and 8 August) and 11 in 2003 (25, 29 April; 4, 6, 15, be found in Patrikeev (2004).
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