Pick the RIGHT CHIRAL COLUMN the FIRST Time EVERY Time RISK-FREE*
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Predicting Toxicity from Gene Expression with Neural Networks
Predicting Toxicity from Gene Expression with Neural Networks Peter Eastman1 and Vijay S. Pande1 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Abstract We train a neural network to predict chemical toxicity based on gene expression data. The input to the network is a full expression profile collected either in vitro from cultured cells or in vivo from live animals. The output is a set of fine grained predictions for the presence of a variety of pathological effects in treated animals. When trained on the Open TG-GATEs database it produces good results, outperforming classical models trained on the same data. This is a promising approach for efficiently screening chemicals for toxic effects, and for more accurately evaluating drug candidates based on preclinical data. Introduction Predicting toxicity is a vital problem in many fields. One quarter of all drug candidates that reach phase II clinical trials ultimately fail because of toxicity[1]. Better methods to predict this in advance would spare patients from taking drugs that ultimately prove toxic, as well as saving enormous time and money. Toxic effects from industrial and household chemicals are also a major public health problem. Often they are tested only on animals, not humans, but animals can be a poor model for toxicity in humans[2]. Better methods to predict human toxicity would have major public health benefits. Many chemicals cause chronic rather than acute toxicity. It may take months or years for their effects to become apparent. Better methods to spot the early signs of chronic toxicity before clinical symptoms appear would allow clinical trials to be stopped sooner, and also would reduce the risk of toxic effects being missed. -
Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Side Effects
Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Side Effects K.D. Rainsford Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Side Effects K.D. Rainsford Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield United Kingdom ISBN 978 3 0348 0495 0 ISBN 978 3 0348 0496 7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978 3 0348 0496 7 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951702 # Springer Basel 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Analysis of Synthetic Chemical Drugs in Adulterated Chinese Medicines by Capillary Electrophoresis/ Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001; 15: 1473±1480 Analysis of Synthetic chemical drugs in adulterated Chinese medicines by capillary electrophoresis/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Hsing Ling Cheng, Mei-Chun Tseng, Pei-Lun Tsai and Guor Rong Her* Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Received 20 April 2001; Revised 20 June 2001; Accepted 21 June 2001 Sixteen synthetic chemical drugs, often found in adulterated Chinese medicines, were studied by capillary electrophoresis/UV absorbance CE/UV)and capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ioniza- tion mass spectrometry CE/ESI-MS). Only nine peaks were detected with CZE/UV, but on-line CZE/ MS provided clear identification for most compounds. For a real sample of a Chinese medicinal preparation, a few adulterants were identified by their migration times and protonated molecular ions. For coeluting compounds, more reliable identification was achieved by MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring mode. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography MEKC)using sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS)provided better separation than capillary zone electrophoresis CZE),and, under optimal conditions, fourteen peaks were detected using UV detection. In ESI, the interference of SDS was less severe in positive ion mode than in negative ion mode. Up to 20 mM SDS could be used in direct coupling of MEKC with ESI-MS if the mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion mode. Because of better resolution in MEKC, adulterants can be identified without the use of MS/MS. Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The use of Chinese medicines to maintain human health and provide the main basis for identification,generally lack the to cure disease has a long and rich history. -
Computational Predictions of Glass-Forming Ability And
Article pubs.acs.org/molecularpharmaceutics Terms of Use Computational Predictions of Glass-Forming Ability and Crystallization Tendency of Drug Molecules † ‡ § † † Amjad Alhalaweh, Ahmad Alzghoul, Waseem Kaialy, Denny Mahlin, and Christel A. S. Bergström*, † Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden ‡ Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Lagerhyddsv.̈ 2, hus 1, Box 337, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden § School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: Amorphization is an attractive formulation technique for drugs suffering from poor aqueous solubility as a result of their high lattice energy. Computational models that can predict the material properties associated with amorphiza- tion, such as glass-forming ability (GFA) and crystallization behavior in the dry state, would be a time-saving, cost-effective, and material-sparing approach compared to traditional experimental procedures. This article presents predictive models of these properties developed using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The GFA and crystallization tendency were investigated by melt-quenching 131 drug molecules in situ using differential scanning calorimetry. The SVM algorithm was used to develop computational models based on calculated molecular descriptors. The analyses confirmed the previously suggested cutoff molecular weight (MW) of 300 for glass-formers, and also clarified the extent to which MW can be used to predict the GFA of compounds with MW < 300. The topological equivalent of Grav3_3D, which is related to molecular size and shape, was a better descriptor than MW for GFA; it was able to accurately predict 86% of the data set regardless of MW. -
BMJ Open Is Committed to Open Peer Review. As Part of This Commitment We Make the Peer Review History of Every Article We Publish Publicly Available
BMJ Open is committed to open peer review. As part of this commitment we make the peer review history of every article we publish publicly available. When an article is published we post the peer reviewers’ comments and the authors’ responses online. We also post the versions of the paper that were used during peer review. These are the versions that the peer review comments apply to. The versions of the paper that follow are the versions that were submitted during the peer review process. They are not the versions of record or the final published versions. They should not be cited or distributed as the published version of this manuscript. BMJ Open is an open access journal and the full, final, typeset and author-corrected version of record of the manuscript is available on our site with no access controls, subscription charges or pay-per-view fees (http://bmjopen.bmj.com). If you have any questions on BMJ Open’s open peer review process please email [email protected] BMJ Open Pediatric drug utilization in the Western Pacific region: Australia, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan Journal: BMJ Open ManuscriptFor ID peerbmjopen-2019-032426 review only Article Type: Research Date Submitted by the 27-Jun-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Brauer, Ruth; University College London, Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy Wong, Ian; University College London, Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy; University of Hong Kong, Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department -
Customs Tariff - Schedule
CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2019 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0078604 A1 Kanios Et Al
US 20060078604A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0078604 A1 Kanios et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 13, 2006 (54) TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE Related U.S. Application Data INCLUDING AN OCCLUSIVE BACKING (60) Provisional application No. 60/616,861, filed on Oct. 8, 2004. (75) Inventors: David Kanios, Miami, FL (US); Juan A. Mantelle, Miami, FL (US); Viet Publication Classification Nguyen, Miami, FL (US) (51) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: A 6LX 9/70 (2006.01) DCKSTEIN SHAPRO MORN & OSHINSKY (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/449 LLP (57) ABSTRACT 2101 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 (US) A transdermal drug delivery system for the topical applica tion of one or more active agents contained in one or more (73) Assignee: Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. polymeric and/or adhesive carrier layers, proximate to a non-drug containing polymeric backing layer which can (21) Appl. No.: 11/245,180 control the delivery rate and profile of the transdermal drug delivery system by adjusting the moisture vapor transmis (22) Filed: Oct. 7, 2005 sion rate of the polymeric backing layer. Patent Application Publication Apr. 13, 2006 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2006/0078604 A1 Fis ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Patent Application Publication Apr. 13, 2006 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2006/0078604 A1 3. s s 3. a 3 : 8 g US 2006/0078604 A1 Apr. 13, 2006 TRANSIDERMAL DRUG DELVERY DEVICE 0008. In the “classic' reservoir-type device, the active INCLUDING AN OCCLUSIVE BACKING agent is typically dissolved or dispersed in a carrier to yield a non-finite carrier form, Such as, for example, a fluid or gel. -
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0 -
Codeine and Its Alternates for Pain and Cough Relief* 2
Bull. Org. mond. Sante Bull. Wid Hith Org. J 1969, 40. 1-53 Codeine and its Alternates for Pain and Cough Relief* 2. Alternates for Pain Relief NATHAN B. EDDY, M.D.,1 HANS FRIEBEL, Dr med.,2 KLAUS-J)RGEN HAHN, Dr med.3 & HANS HALBACH, Dr med. Dr-Ing. 4 This report-the second of a series on codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief-contains a detailed evaluation of experimental and clinical data on newer sub- stances having analgesic properties comparable to and in approximately the same range as those ofcodeine. The data are discussed under the headings: analgesic effects in animals; clinical usefulness; side-effects with particular reference to dependence andabuse liability. CONTENTS CARISOPRODOL ............... 1 PRODILIDINE ........... ... .. 42 DEXTROPROPOXYPHENE ........... 6 INDANES .................. 44 DHYDROCODEINE ............... 22 PHTHALIMIDES ............... 44 ETHOHEPTAZINE ............... 24 PYRROLIDINES .......... .... 45 ETYMIDE.. .............. 29 SPECIFIC OPIATE ANTAGONISTS .... 45 FENYRAMIDOL ............... 32 Risum .................... 47 METOFOLINE. .............. 33 REFERENCES ............. ... 48 CARISOPRODOL 5 propanediol carbamate isopropyl carbamate) was evaluated initially for paralysis of the intact animal, After the discovery and development of mepro- depression of spinal reflexes, anticonvulsant effect bamate, further exploitation of the dicarbamate molecule resulted in the preparation of substances 0 which differed widely in their pattern of activity. CH3-CH2-CH2 CH2-O-C-NHCH (CH3)2 One of these, carisoprodol (2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3- \I/ c * This review of the analgesic and antitussive effects of CH3 CH2-0-C-NH2 codeine and its alternates is being published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in five instalments. The first, devoted to an assessment of codeine as a pain reliever, was published in Bull. -
WO 2013/020527 Al 14 February 2013 (14.02.2013) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/020527 Al 14 February 2013 (14.02.2013) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Common Representative: UNIVERSITY OF VETER¬ A61K 9/06 (2006.01) A61K 47/32 (2006.01) INARY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES A61K 9/14 (2006.01) A61K 47/38 (2006.01) BRNO FACULTY OF PHARMACY; University of A61K 47/10 (2006.01) A61K 9/00 (2006.01) Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Faculty Of A61K 47/18 (2006.01) Pharmacy, Palackeho 1/3, CZ-61242 Brno (CZ). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/CZ20 12/000073 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (22) Date: International Filing BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 2 August 2012 (02.08.2012) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (26) Publication Language: English ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (30) Priority Data: NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, 201 1-495 11 August 201 1 ( 11.08.201 1) SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, 2012- 72 1 February 2012 (01.02.2012) TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, 2012-5 11 26 July 2012 (26.07.2012) ZW. -
Chiral LC/MS/MS Analysis with Polysaccharide-Based Stationary
Chiral LC/MS/MS Analysis with Polysaccharide-based Stationary Phases for Basic and Neutral Stereoisomeric Pharmaceutical Compounds Liming Peng, Tivadar Farkas and Swapana Jayapaian Phenomenex, Inc., 411 Madrid Ave.,Torrance, CA 90501 USA (www.phenomenex.com) PO87820611_L_2 Introduction The hyphenation of the resolving power of chiral HPLC compatible with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) with the sensitivity of MS detection is highly desired MS ion sources. Developing rapid chiral LC separations in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of compatible with MS ionization interfaces while preserving stereoisomers in the drug discovery process. Derivatives both chromatographic resolution and sensitivity in MS of polysaccharides are the most widely used chiral detection has proven to be a great challenge to analytical stationary phases due to their wide chiral recognition scientists. ability, high loading capacity, and durability. As normal phase is favorable for the principal mechanism of chiral We present the results of a systematic feasibility study recognition – hydrogen bonding interaction – the majority of using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases of chiral separations with polysaccharide phases are (CSPs) coupled with API-MS/MS detection for the performed in normal phase using hexane and alcohol analysis of various pharmaceutical racemates in reversed modifiers as mobile phase components. However phase (RP) elution mode. these mobile phases are highly flammable and are not Experimental Conditions HPLC System: HP 1100 series Flow Rate: 0.2 mL/min (www.agilent.com) Injection Volume: 5 µL 0.2 – 1.0 µg/mL of racemates Pump: G1312A (Binary Pump) Concentration: Columns: Lux 3 µm Cellulose-1 Autosampler: G1329A ALS 150 x 2.0 mm MS Detector: API 3000 LC/MS/MS with ESI Lux 3 µm Cellulose-2 (TurboIonSpray®) 150 x 2.0 mm (www. -
Guidelines for Atcvet Classification 2021
Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2021 ISSN 1020-9891 ISBN 978-82-8406-167-2 Suggested citation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2021. Oslo, 2021. © Copyright WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo, Norway. Use of all or parts of the material requires reference to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Copying and distribution for commercial purposes is not allowed. Changing or manipulating the material is not allowed. Guidelines for ATCvet classification 23rd edition WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Norwegian Institute of Public Health P.O.Box 222 Skøyen N-0213 Oslo Norway Telephone: +47 21078160 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.whocc.no Previous editions: 1992: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 1st edition1) 1995: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 2nd edition1) 1999: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 3rd edition1) 2002: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 4th edition2) 2003: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 5th edition2) 2004: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 6th edition2) 2005: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 7th edition2) 2006: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 8th edition2) 2007: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 9th edition2) 2008: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 10th edition2) 2009: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 11th edition2) 2010: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 12th edition2) 2011: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 13th edition2) 2012: