DOCSLIB.ORG

Editing the Wycliffite Bible

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Editing the Wycliffite Bible CHAPTER 19 Editing the Wycliffite Bible Anne Hudson 1 Editions Before Forshall and Madden The first printing of any material that is traditionally regarded as being part of WB is John Gough’s The dore of holy scripture published in London in 1540 with- out any attribution, printing what is now known as the General Prologue in somewhat modernized language; he seems to have used a manuscript no longer extant, though his modifications make that difficult to prove.1 Ten years later Robert Crowley printed the same GP under the clearer title of The true copye of a prolog wrytten . by J.Wycklife; his text was not taken from Gough’s but from a manuscript now Mm.2.15.2 The fact that both these editions printed the most contentious part of what is generally thought of as WB could be regarded as significantly distorting the subsequent critical analysis of this enterprise: WB is associated with the radicalism of later Lollardy, and the overwhelming orthodoxy of the translation is forgotten—this is not to dissociate WB from Wyclif and his immediate disciples, let alone to argue with Gasquet that what we know as WB is a pre-Wyclif translation,3 but to try to see the production of WB, its versions and its accompanying apparatus without the distorting lenses of hindsight. The association of the translation with Wyclif himself began, as chapter 7 above has outlined, within a few years of its appearance. Consequently interest in the text becomes quickly tangled with enquiry into Wyclif’s life: John Bale’s Scriptorum illustrium maioris Brytanniae Catalogus published in Basel in 1557–9 ensured that the claim that Wyclif had translated 1 See Revd.STC 25587.5, and A. Hudson, Lollards and their Books (London, 1985), pp. 240–2. Since Gough stated that he modernized the text, it is difficult to identify the manuscript used (sig.A3v). He also altered a number of readings in the contentious parts of GP to remove criti- cisms of a secular ruler whilst retaining those of prelatis. 2 Revd.STC 25588. Crowley states that the text derives from ‘an olde English Bible bitwixt the olde Testament and the Newe. Whych Bible remaynith now in ye Kyng hys maiesties Chamber’ (sig.A1); this fits Mm.2.15 and the readings of the text confirm it is ‘a careful tran- scription’ of this manuscript (Dove (2010), p. xxix; Forshall and Madden (1850), 1:liv–lv). 3 For a summary of Gasquet’s case see Dove (2007), pp. 44–6, 55, 64–7 and references there given; Gasquet’s chief publications on the matter are collected in his The Old English Bible and other essays (London, 1897). © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi ��.��63/97890043�89��_0�� Editing the Wycliffite Bible 451 the whole Bible was disseminated along with any biographical details or his- tory of the Lollard movement.4 The account here does not attempt to deal with the attribution, and only aims to cover editions which treat the translation as a text for scholarly enquiry. In 1719 John Russell proposed an edition of WB using Linc.Col.lat.119 for OT and the copy now Harley 5017 for NT; a copy of the advertisement for this is pasted into the Lincoln manuscript. No publication followed, though Madden mentions the transcript from those manuscripts that are in London, British Library, Add. MSS 5890–5902.5 The first edition of WB proper, or rather of its NT section, that actually appeared was by John Lewis in 1731:6 he printed the gospels from a manuscript he owned himself, now Gough Eccl.Top.5, and the remainder of the NT from a copy then owned by Sir Edward Dering but more recently by the British and Foreign Bible Society as MS 155.7 Both these copies are LV. This came some years after his biography of Wyclif was pub- lished (1720); following this Lewis had worked on Bible translations more gen- erally, and refers to a number of other manuscripts of WB.8 His notes towards the biography, history and edition surviving in what is now MS Bodl. 905 show how assiduously Lewis had worked both from numerous manuscripts and also from the listing of Bale.9 Lewis continued to collect relevant material after the publication of the edition. Lewis’s wide knowledge of copies convinced him that there were two versions of the translation; but he had been much influ- enced by Daniel Waterland’s more speculative investigations and followed him 4 See J. Bale, Scriptorum illustrium maioris Brytanniae catalogus, 2 vols (Basel, 1557–9), 1:416, though Bale’s main source, John Leland’s De uiris illustribus (ed. J. Carley (Toronto, 2010)), no. 427 does not provide the information. 5 Madden’s Journal, Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Eng. hist. c.163 dated 14 Jan. 1850. 6 Ed. J. Lewis, The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ Translated out of the Latin Vulgate (London: Page, 1731); see Dove (2007), pp. 75, 288, 300. 7 Currently CUL Add.10068 (listed by Dove as MS 1, 2 in London). 8 See Dove (2007), p. 75; see his biography The History of the Life and Sufferings of the Reverend and Learned John Wicliffe (London: Knaplock, 1720 and reprinted 1725), and A Complete History of the Several Translations of the Holy Bible . into English . (London, 1731), 2nd edn (London: Woodfall, 1739), 3rd edn (London: Baynes, 1818). A brief review is given in M. Peikola, Congregation of the Elect: Patterns of Self-fashioning in English Lollard Writings (Turku, 2000), pp. 43–5. 9 A more detailed study of Lewis’s work could be illuminating: his references to manuscripts are often full, but depend upon shelfmarks that in many cases are no longer those current. Dating Lewis’s notes in relation to his publications is also unclear: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Rawl. C. 979 (Summary Catalogue, no. 28396) presents material apparently intended for a new edition of the Life but also includes much material on biblical translation..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • John Bale's <I>Kynge Johan</I> As English Nationalist Propaganda
    Quidditas Volume 35 Article 10 2014 John Bale’s Kynge Johan as English Nationalist Propaganda G. D. George Prince George's County Public Schools, Prince George's Community College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation George, G. D. (2014) "John Bale’s Kynge Johan as English Nationalist Propaganda," Quidditas: Vol. 35 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol35/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 35 (2014) 177 John Bale’s Kynge Johan as English Nationalist Propaganda G. D. George Prince George’s County Public Schools Prince George’s Community College John Bale is generally associated with the English Reformation rather than the Tudor government. It may be that Bale’s well-know protestant polemics tend to overshadow his place in Thomas Cromwell’s propaganda machine, and that Bale’s Kynge Johan is more a propaganda piece for the Tudor monarchy than it is just another of his Protestant dramas.. Introduction On 2 January, 1539, a “petie and nawghtely don enterlude,” that “put down the Pope and Saincte Thomas” was presented at Canterbury.1 Beyond the fact that a four hundred sixty-one year old play from Tudor England remains extant in any form, this particular “enterlude,” John Bale’s play Kynge Johan,2 remains of particular interest to scholars for some see Johan as meriting “a particular place in the history of the theatre.
    [Show full text]
  • Easter 2016 Tel: 01394 270187
    BETHESDA BAPTIST CHURCH, CAVENDISH ROAD, FELIXSTOWE, IP11 2AR EASTER 2016 TEL: 01394 270187. WEB: bethesdafelixstowe.com frustration, all show us that things are not right with the world – or with us. What hope is there? WHAT IS LIFE? The end pages of the Bible promise “a new heaven and a new earth”, a “holy city” shining with the glory of God, where “God will dwell with his people Have you ever asked … ? and be their God; He will wipe every tear from their eyes; there will be no more death or mourning or What can I get out of life? Isn’t there more to life crying or pain.” (Revelation ch 21 v 3). Nothing than this? What’s the point of it all? Why am I which could ruin it will ever enter it. (verse 27) here? What happens at the end of it all? How will this be possible, when “We all, like sheep, Some of you may know the little Suffolk village of have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own Dunwich, about 30 miles up the coast from way”? Because, at the cross (which we remember at Felixstowe. But did you know that it was once a Easter), “The Lord has laid on Him [Jesus] the thriving port and one of the ten most important iniquity of us all.” (Isaiah 53:6). “Iniquity” means cities in England? Sadly, all that’s left above water our disobedience against God. Jesus suffered in our now is a tiny village steadily falling into the sea. place, so that He could promise, “I tell you the truth, Like Dunwich, we – mankind, all of us – have fallen he who believes has everlasting life.” (John 6:47) from splendour to ruin.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorial. Sports Geography : an Overview
    Belgeo Revue belge de géographie 2 | 2008 Sports geography Editorial. Sports Geography : an overview John Bale and Trudo Dejonghe Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/10253 DOI: 10.4000/belgeo.10253 ISSN: 2294-9135 Publisher: National Committee of Geography of Belgium, Société Royale Belge de Géographie Printed version Date of publication: 30 June 2008 Number of pages: 157-166 ISSN: 1377-2368 Electronic reference John Bale and Trudo Dejonghe, “Editorial. Sports Geography : an overview”, Belgeo [Online], 2 | 2008, Online since 20 October 2013, connection on 21 September 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/belgeo/10253 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.10253 This text was automatically generated on 21 September 2021. Belgeo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. Editorial. Sports Geography : an overview 1 Editorial. Sports Geography : an overview John Bale and Trudo Dejonghe 1 Geographical studies of sports are not new. The first time that sport was mentioned in a geographical publication was in 1879 when Elisée Réclus said something about cricket in his Géographie Universelle. In 1919 Hilderbrand published in the National Geographic Magazine The Geography of Games. A few years later in 1927, the German geographer Hettner (quoted in Elkins, 1989) suggested that among other things, the variations in health, hygiene, recreation and education could be “apprehended as manifestations of the nature of the land”. This comment by Hettner, and earlier work by the American geographers Huntington and Semple, could also be included among environmental determinists for whom body-cultural practices were seen as perfectly legitimate fields of study (Bale, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • The Account Book of a Marian Bookseller, 1553-4
    THE ACCOUNT BOOK OF A MARIAN BOOKSELLER, 1553-4 JOHN N. KING MS. EGERTON 2974, fois. 67-8, preserves in fragmentary form accounts from the day-book of a London stationer who was active during the brief interval between the death on 6 July 1553 of Edward VI, whose regents allowed unprecedented liberty to Protestant authors, printers, publishers, and booksellers, and the reimposition of statutory restraints on publication by the government of Queen Mary. The entries for dates, titles, quantities, paper, and prices make it clear that the leaves come from a bookseller's ledger book. Their record of the articles sold each day at the stationer's shop provides a unique view of the London book trade at an unusually turbulent point in the history of English publishing. Before they came into the holdings of the British Museum, the two paper leaves (fig. i) were removed from a copy of William Alley's The poore mans librarie (1565) that belonged to Thomas Sharpe of Coventry. They are described as having been pasted at the end ofthe volume *as a fly leaf, and after their removal, William Hamper enclosed them as a gift in a letter of 17 March 1810 to the Revd Thomas Frognall Dibdin (MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 62, 64). The leaves are unevenly trimmed, but each measures approximately 376 x 145 mm overall. Because of their format they are now bound separately, but they formed part of a group of letters to Dibdin purchased loose and later bound in the Museum, so they belong together with MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Bundells of Pamphlets in Quarto’ Valued at 20D., and Eleven ‘Bundles in Viijo’ Valued at 4S.; in the Gallery ‘Xlty Panphelets’ Valued at 2S
    PAMPHLETS AND PAMPHLETEERING IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN JOAD RAYMOND published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Joad Raymond 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Sabon 10/12pt System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Raymond, Joad. Pamphlets and pamphleteering in early modern Britain / Joad Raymond. p. cm. – (Cambridge studies in early modern British history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 81901 6 1. Great Britain – Politics and government – 1485–1603. 2. Pamphlets – Publishing – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 3. Pamphlets – Publishing – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 4. English prose literature – Early modern, 1500–1700 – History and criticism. 5. Politics and literature – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 6. Politics and literature – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 7. Pamphleteers – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 8. Pamphleteers – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 9. Pamphlets – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 10. Pamphlets – Great Britain – History – 17th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Clerical Marriage and Royal Authority in John Bale's Three Laws James
    McBain Postgraduate English: Issue 16 Postgraduate English www.dur.ac.uk/postgraduate.english ISSN 1756-9761 Issue 16 September 2007 Editors: Ollie Taylor and Kostas Boyiopoulos “Gods lawfull remedye”: Clerical Marriage and Royal Authority in John Bale’s Three Laws James McBain* * University of Oxford ISSN 1756-9761 1 McBain Postgraduate English: Issue 16 “Gods lawfull remedye”: Clerical Marriage and Royal Authority in John Bale’s Three Laws James McBain University of Oxford Postgraduate English, Issue 16, September 2007 At the conclusion of the second act of John Bale’s allegorical comedy, Three Laws, visibly “corrupted” with leprosy as a result of Sodomismusand “mannys operacyon” (754), Naturae Lex turns to address the most powerful members of his audience: Ye Christen rulers, se yow for thys a waye: Be not illuded by false hypocresye; By the stroke of God the worlde wyll els decaye. Permyt prestes rather Gods lawfull remedye, Than they shuld incurre most bestyall Sodomye. Regarde not the Pope, nor yet hys whorysh kyngedom For he is master of Gomor and of Sodome. [1] (773-9) The message is apparently simple enough; that priests will inevitably fall to sexual immorality if made to follow the hypocritical teaching of the Catholic Church. Catholicism forced priests to remain celibate, but this was merely an official line that was frequently ignored, according to Protestant critics such as Bale and Robert Barnes. [2] The attack here is, therefore, as elsewhere in Bale’s work, on an unfulfilled “act” of a theatrical religion, as opposed to a genuine manifestation of meaningful faith. A direct connection is thus made between the Pope’s “whorysh kyngedom” and the Biblical precedent ofSodom and Gomorrah to draw upon, and to extend, the Protestant interpretation of Revelation as Christian history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elizabethan Protestant Press: a Study of the Printing and Publishing of Protestant Literature in English
    THE ELIZABETHAN PROTESTANT PRESS: A STUDY OF THE PRINTING AND PUBLISHING OF PROTESTANT RELIGIOUS LITERATURE IN ENGLISH, EXCLUDING BIBLES AND LITURGIES, 1558-1603. By WILLIAN CALDERWOOD, M.A., B.D. Submitted for the Ph.D. degree, University College. (c\ (LONBI 2 ABSTRACT Uninterrupted for forty-five years, from 1558 to 1603, Protestants in England were able to use the printing press to disseminate Protestant ideology. It was a period long enough for Protestantism to root itself deeply in the life of the nation and to accumulate its own distinctive literature. English Protestantism, like an inf ant vulnerable to the whim of a parent under King Henry VIII, like a headstrong and erratic child in Edward's reign, and like a sulking, chastised youth in the Marian years, had come of age by the end of the Elizabethan period. At the outset of Elizabeth's reign the most pressing religious need was a clear, well-reasoned defence of the Church of England. The publication of Bishop Jewel's Apologia Ecclesiae Anglicanae in 1562 was a response to that need and set the tone of literary polemics for the rest of the period. It was a time of muscle- flexing for the Elizabethan Church, and especially in the opening decades, a time when anti-Catholicism was particularly vehement. Consistently throughout the period, when Queen and country were threatened by Catholic intrigues and conspiracies, literature of exceptional virulence was published against Catholicism. But just as the press became an effective tool for defenders and apologists of the Church of England, it soon was being used as an instrument to advance the cause of further reform by more radical Protestants.
    [Show full text]
  • Bishop Bonner and the English Schism
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1945 Bishop Bonner and the English Schism Edward Joseph Dunne Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Dunne, Edward Joseph, "Bishop Bonner and the English Schism" (1945). Master's Theses. 159. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/159 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1945 Edward Joseph Dunne ~ Blshop Bonner and the English Sehls. E4war4 Joseph Dunne, S.M. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fultlllment ot the Requlrements tor the Degree ot Master ot Art. ln Loyola Universlty Vlta Edward Joseph Dunne was born ln Peorla, Illinois, January 27, 1910. He attended Spalding Instltute in Peoria, and Karyhurst Normal, Kirkwood, Missourl, and entered the Soclety ot Mary ln 1927. The Bachelor of Arts degree with a major ln History was conterred by St. Mary's University ot San AntoniO, Texas, in 1932. Graduate work in History was also taken at St. Lou1s University from 1934 to 1937. S1nce 19~2, the writ~r has taught 1n the schools ot the Society ot Mary in St. Louis, Klssour1, and ln East St. Louis, Bellevl11e, and Chicago, Il11nols. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. SOURCE MATERIAL Calendar ot Letters, Dlspatches and State papers! relating to the NegotIatIons between England and Spain, eltea by a.A.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Nevada, Reno John Bale and the National Identity And
    University of Nevada, Reno John Bale and the National Identity and Church of Tudor England A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English by Mark Farnsworth Dr. Eric Rasmussen/Dissertation Advisor May, 2014 © by Mark David Farnsworth 2014 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by MARK FARNSWORTH entitled John Bale and the National Identity and Church of Tudor England be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Eric Rasmussen, Ph. D., Advisor James Mardock, Ph. D., Committee Member Dennis Cronan, Ph. D., Committee Member Kevin Stevens, Ph. D., Committee Member Linda Curcio, Ph. D., Graduate School Representative David Zeh, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2014 i Abstract Although some of John Bale’s works seemed disconnected from contemporary events of his time (including his Biblical plays, bibliographic histories, and exegetical works), this dissertation contends that he took a highly active role in seeking to guide and influence England’s national and political identity. Bale saw himself as a divinely called messenger to the monarch, to fellow preachers and writers, and to all Britons. King Johan , Bale’s most famous play, demonstrated themes common in Bale’s work, including the need for Biblical religion, the importance of British political and religious independence, and the leading role of the monarch in advancing these religious and political ideals. Bale depicted the ruler as having the ability to build on England’s heritage of historical goodness and bring about its righteous potential.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Final Judgement: John Bale's Apocalyptic Justification of English
    “The Final Judgement: John Bale’s Apocalyptic Justification of English Protestantism” James Messmer Adviser: Brett Whalen This research examines the role of apocalyptic thought as a means to legitimize Protestant Christianity in the sixteenth century through the efforts of John Bale, a former Carmelite monk turned English Protestant. Apocalyptic thought held a controversial place in the minds of sixteenth-century Protestant reformers. Some, like Martin Luther and John Calvin, were hesitant to interpret the Book of Revelation due to concerns of the text's reliability. However, Bale embraced apocalyptic thought as a way to prove that the Protestant brand of Christianity was purer than that promoted by the Roman Church. Bale had several strategies to make his point. First, he traced all ecclesiastical history from the time of Christ on earth to his present day and concluded that the Protestants of his day could trace their beliefs directly back to those of the Apostles in the first century. Next, Bale interpreted passages of Revelation to conclude that beliefs specifically tied to the Roman Church were tenets created by Antichrist and thus had no place in a true Christian society. Finally, Bale used his understanding of the direction of history to conclude that English Church represented God's chosen church on Earth and that the English people held a special place in the events of the End Times. This research helps to shed light on an understudied figure of the English Reformation whose apocalyptic writings proved to be hugely popular in England at the time of his writing. .
    [Show full text]
  • John Bale, William Shakespeare, and King John
    John Bale, William Shakespeare, and King John By Mark Stevenson For Les Fairfield Christmastide, 1538-1539 must have been extraordinarily busy for the priest- playwright John Bale. Already deeply enmeshed in the intrigues and stratagems of the volatile religious and political atmosphere of the time, this Christmas season found Bale in the service of Thomas Cromwell, the “mother and midwife of the English Reformation” (House 123). As an active member of Cromwell’s stable of propagandists, Bale and his peripatetic troupe of actors might very well have found themselves performing a command holiday performance of Bale’s provocative play King John at Canterbury in the presence of Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer himself. 1 Bale’s play represents one of the high points in the astonishing rehabilitation of the reputation of King John, who at the time of the Canterbury performance had been dead for more than 300 years. The emergence of King John Lackland (reigned 1199-1216) as Protestant hero and martyr might seem curious, even grotesque. He had, after all, capitulated to the intense pressure of Pope Innocent III in surrendering his nation to the power of the papacy. While John’s motives for this action were clearly mixed and some historians see the move as a brilliant tactical maneuver, the fact remains that England had become a papal fiefdom and was subsequently plunged into civil war. As a result, John’s reputation had suffered for more than three centuries. While the reformation of John’s reputation was gradual and not simply a product of Cromwell’s Protestant propaganda campaign or Bale’s skills as a polemical 1 playwright, it does reflect a fundamental refocusing and reinterpretation of English history from the new perspective occasioned by Henry VIII’s break with Rome and the parallel emergence of a uniquely Protestant view of God, King, and Country.
    [Show full text]
  • Polemical Use of the Scriptures in the Plays of John Bale
    POLEMICAL USE OF THE SCRIPTURES IN THE PLAYS OF JOHN BALE by RAINER PINEAS John Bale's' greatest contribution to the cause of the English Reforma- tion was his Protestantization of the medieval Catholic morality play and his polemical use of history. Since these have been examined elsewhere2, it is the purpose of this paper to focus on another aspect of Bale's polemical technique in his plays, specifically his use - and abuse - of the Scriptures. William Tyndale was the first English Reformer to assert the primacy of Scripture in all matters of faith and doctrine - a status previously reserved for the Church, and his became the classic Protestant position 1 John Bale(1495-1563) was educatedin a Carmelite convent and at Cambridge. At first a zealousCatholic, he was convertedto the cause of the Reformation,on the behalfof which he wrote a number of polemicalplays, the earliest extant appearing some time before 1538. Bale's skill as a polemicistattracted the attention of Henry VIII's chiefminister, Cromwell, who encouragedthe anti-clericaldiatribes of Bale and other Reformersfor purposesof royal propaganda. When Cromwellfell in 1540, Bale fled to Germany, where he continued his polemicaloutput, which was smuggledinto England and secretlydistributed. On the acces- sion of EdwardVI in 1547,Bale returned to England, and in 1553he was installedas Bishop of Ossory in Ireland. When Mary Tudor came to the throne, Bale once again had to flee, this time to Basle, where he remained until the accessionof Elizabethin 1558. He died as prebendary of Canterbury in 1563. On John Bale, see W. T. Davies, "A Bibliographyof John Bale," OxfordBibliographical Society, Proceedings and Papers, 5 (1936),201-280; Christina Garrett, TheMarian Exiles (Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1938);J.
    [Show full text]