THE ACCOUNT BOOK OF A MARIAN BOOKSELLER, 1553-4
JOHN N. KING
MS. EGERTON 2974, fois. 67-8, preserves in fragmentary form accounts from the day-book of a London stationer who was active during the brief interval between the death on 6 July 1553 of Edward VI, whose regents allowed unprecedented liberty to Protestant authors, printers, publishers, and booksellers, and the reimposition of statutory restraints on publication by the government of Queen Mary. The entries for dates, titles, quantities, paper, and prices make it clear that the leaves come from a bookseller's ledger book. Their record of the articles sold each day at the stationer's shop provides a unique view of the London book trade at an unusually turbulent point in the history of English publishing. Before they came into the holdings of the British Museum, the two paper leaves (fig. i) were removed from a copy of William Alley's The poore mans librarie (1565) that belonged to Thomas Sharpe of Coventry. They are described as having been pasted at the end ofthe volume *as a fly leaf, and after their removal, William Hamper enclosed them as a gift in a letter of 17 March 1810 to the Revd Thomas Frognall Dibdin (MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 62, 64). The leaves are unevenly trimmed, but each measures approximately 376 x 145 mm overall. Because of their format they are now bound separately, but they formed part of a group of letters to Dibdin purchased loose and later bound in the Museum, so they belong together with MS. Egerton 2974 as a collection. William Hamper indicated the provenance of the original leaves on the transcription that he attached to his letter to Dibdin; his headnote to this transcript suggested further that the leaves were from one of the 'old day books' of John Day, who printed The poore mans librarie. Hamper's transcript (MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 64-6) is sometimes helpful in deciphering a very difficult Tudor business hand. An unknown number of leaves from the original account book are missing, creating a break in the surviving ledger entries. Because all of the entries on fol. 67 date from August-September 1554, whereas those on fol. 68 date from October 1553, it seems likely that the two leaves were one of the outer bifolia of a gathering of the account book, and so would originally have been folded the other way round. This order is restored in the transcription printed below. We may assume that at least four pages separated the entries on the two leaves, thus creating the gap in date between them.
33 Fig. I a, b. MS. Egerton 2974, f. 68^ 68^. The first ofthe two leaves, showing the layout ofthe entries, and the way the edges ofthe pages have been trimmed. The leaves are shown here and in fig. ic, dm their presumed original order :,_.v^U-V 1 r-rv-
^. If, d. MS. Egerton 2974, f 67^, Ruled lines divide each page into four columns that record respectively the number of items sold, book titles and other pertinent information, and shillings and pence received. Trimming ofthe page edges sometimes results in the loss of numerals in the first column and in the money columns, especially that for pence. During the period of these ledger entries, the only formal control mechanisms were those set in place by Queen Mary's proclamation of i8 August 1553 concerning religious controversy, unlicensed plays, and printing, and by her injunctions of 4 March 1554. The 1553 order forbade the
. . . playing of interludes and printing of false fond books, ballads, rhymes, and other lewd treatises in the English tongue concerning doctrine in matters now in question and controversy touching the high points and mysteries of Christian religion; which books, ballads, rhymes, and treatises are chiefly by the printers and stationers set out to sale to her grace's subjects of an evil zeal for lucre and covetousness of vile gain.^
Proclamations played a relatively unimportant role in managing the press, however, because the most effective controls were provided through ecclesiastical measures and legislation.^ The proclamation of 18 August 1553, for example, ignores altogether the sale of books printed during the previous reign—a major activity of the stationer in question—and the overseas origin of many Protestant books. The 1554 injunctions ordered the bishops *to travail for the condemning and repressing of corrupt and naughty [wicked] opinions, unlawful books, ballads, and other pernicious and hurtful devices, engendering hatred among the people, and discord among the same'.^ Mary's third Parliament (November 1554-January 1555) eventuafly revived the medieval statute against heresy.''• Persecution of Protestant reformers followed swiftly with the burnings of John Rogers and John Hooper on 4 and 9 February 1555. Writings by both of these authors appear in these ledger accounts, as well as texts by the most celebrated ofthe Protestant martyrs, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer (see nos. 40 and 130). All but Rogers are mentioned by name in the proclamation issued on 13 June 1555 banning the writing, sale, and possession of seditious and heretical texts. Other authors named there and listed in MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, include Peter Martyr, William Tyndale, William Turner, Thomas Becon, John Frith, and Edward Halle. Although this proclamation functions as an index of prohibited books, the Marian persecutions were not so much a response to illicit publication as to religious dissent in general.^ The inclusion of books by these eminent reformers may have supported the conjecture that these leaves were taken from the ledgers of John Day, the printer of The poore mans librarie^ when they were no longer useful as business records.^Beginning his career with Edward VFs accession as a reformist monarch. Day established himself early as a dominant figure in London publishing circles. The Marian government attempted to muzzle the publisher for the printing of 'noythy [naughty, i.e. wicked] bokes' by imprisoning him in the Tower of London on 16 October 1554,"^ the date of the final entries on MS. Egerton 2974, fol. 67^. Upon his release he went underground in England
36 or on the Continent. It seems likely that Day remained active during Mary's reign by surreptitiously printing banned Protestant texts under the notorious imprint of'Michael Wood', whose *Roane' (Rouen) press may have been located in London itself.^ Going on to become the man who arguably became the most successful master printer of the first half of Queen Elizabeth's reign, he was also a zealous Protestant who consistently published reformist authors throughout his career. The stationing activities recorded on MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, seem incompatible with the trajectory of Day's Marian career. Because of his lifelong devotion to the Protestant cause, it appears improbable that Day would have sold the Roman Catholic devotional works and government-sponsored propaganda listed in these accounts. (Nevertheless he was a shrewd and successful business man who did, after all, print at least one Catholic publication during Mary's reign.)^ These accounts list none of the seditious 'Michael Wood' imprints. Perhaps the most notable feature of this unknown stationer's book stock is its mixed character, for he trades both in the books of Protestant radicals hostile to the government and in the authorized writings of the main defenders of the legitimacy of the Marian regime: James Brooks, Stephen Gardiner, John Gwynneth, Thomas Watson, and John White. Although this seller openly trades in books likely to incur governmental reprisal, he also vigorously disseminates propaganda favouring the new regime. His sales lack the ideological commitment central to the careers of the Protestant master printers who thrived during the preceding reign of Edward VI, notably John Day, the King's Printer Richard Grafton, and his one-time partner Edward Whitchurch.^^ Beeause Robert Toy is the only publisher named in any imprint (as distinct from Whitchurch, Richard Jugge, and Nicholas Hill, who were aU printers as well), the list may perhaps be Toy's or that of someone who received his current supply of books from him.^^ These ledger entries confirm the view that Protestantism maintained its sway unimpeded in London early in Mary's reign. ^^ The heady spirit of this time resembled that of Edward VFs reign, when Parliament repealed all heresy and treason statutes enacted since the reign of Edward III, including the notorious Act of Six Articles (1536) prohibiting the expression of religious opinion without royal approval. With the blessing of Protector Somerset, Edward's first regent, the Protestant faction had effectively enjoyed freedom of the Press. Somerset was an able successor to Henry VIIFs chief minister Thomas Cromwell as a manipulator of public opinion through the medium of print. The flood of religious treatises and polemics that Somerset patronized or encouraged led to a doubling in the volume of publication that was normal during the mid-Tudor period. ^^ The book sales recorded in MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, typify the Marian regime's general inability to control publication and to comprehend how the growth of printing and literacy had elevated the role ofthe laity in the religious life ofthe nation. ^''^ Advocacy of lay reading by Luther, Tyndale, Cranmer, and other reformers may account for the overwhelming sympathy of printers for the Reformation in Germany and England.^^
37 Compared with the eighty printers and publishers who were active under Edward, only forty-one flourished under Mary. Even when they were forced into exile under the Catholic queen, Protestant publicists published many more English texts than their Roman Catholic opponents. ^^ It does not follow, however, that Mary's government misunderstood the role that printing could play in an effective propaganda counter- attack. Because the Marian church believed in clerical education of communicants rather than lay self-instruction, it relied on the Press to produce catechetical works. Primers were published in greater numbers than had been the case under the Edwardian regime; their importance is to some extent reflected in the sales recorded in MS. Egerton 2974. The new regime also mounted a strenuous effort to direct propaganda printed in foreign languages to a continental audience, so that its relative neglect of the domestic reading public appears to have been deliberate. ^^ MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, portrays the London book world not long before the incorporation ofthe Stationers' Company on 4 May 1557. The granting of its charter by Philip and Mary expressed the inability ofthe Crown to control heretical and seditious publication effectively, for they vested in the freemen of the company the power of policing their own members in return for a monopoly on printing. The stationers' powers included the right of search and seizure for printing contrary to regulation. Only the universities at Oxford and Cambridge were exempt from company control, but neither possessed a printing press at this time. The charter concentrated printing in London and its immediate environs, in contrast to the Edwardian policy of encouraging printing and publication in outlying locations like Ipswich, Canterbury, Worcester, and Shrewsbury. ^^ Scriptural translations and controversial Protestant books from the preceding reign make up a large part of the stock of this Marian stationer. Many texts come from the presses of the Edwardian master printers. Day, Whitchurch, and Grafton, notably elementary primers, catechisms, and other devotional texts that advanced the Reforma- tion by including large amounts of scripture in English translation for the education of both children and adults. ^^ Day in particular contributed many innovative editions of the English Bible and scriptural tracts, which were proscribed by Mary's 18 August 1553 proclamation against 'false fond books' and later legislation against heresy and sedition. ^^ Whitchurch printed many of the vastly influential ballad versions of the Scriptures that were inspired by the vogue for the metrical Psalms that Thomas Sternhold sang at court to his patron, Henry VIII, years before they were published under Edward in popular editions.^^ Protector Somerset was the patron of three authors on the list, Thomas Becon, William Turner, and Robert Crowley, all of whom fled to the Continent rather than die under Queen Mary. Crowley is of particular interest not only because he had operated a bookshop and published controversial books directly or indirectly under Somerset's patronage, but because MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, records the sale of two copies of his own extremely rare satire, Philargyrie of Greate Britayne, in separate bound volumes containing a second Crowley satire. The three extant copies of Philargyrie include one in the British Library (C.58.a.24.).22 By turning
38 the complete Psalms into fourteener couplets (no. 59), Crowley anticipated Sternhold's metaphrases. It should come as no surprise that John Cawood and Robert Caly, the two printers who produced most propaganda favouring the Marian regime, are less well represented. Perhaps because it lacked the Protestant commitment to lay literacy and popular Bible reading, the Roman Catholic side produced relatively little polemic literature in the vernacular; much of what did appear is addressed in Latin to a learned audience or written in a manner lacking the racy coUoquiality and popular style of Protestant authors like Robert Crowley, Hugh Latimer, and John Bale.^^ After Mary appointed him in Grafton's place as Royal Printer, Cawood published several editions of John Gwynneth's vindication of the new queen and Thomas Watson's defence of transubstantiation and the Roman rite mass.^ Caly acted on behalf of the government when he issued the Latin attack on the Protestant communion service by John White, Bishop of Lincoln, a work altogether lacking in popular appeal (no. 105). The printed version of a Paul's Cross sermon by James Brooks, Hooper's replacement as Bishop of Gloucester, is a relatively rare example of vernacular sermon publication by a Catholic prelate (no. 140), a polemical form that the Edwardian reformers had made their own (cf. no. 40). Caly also printed Thomas Martin's counter-attack against clerical marriage (no. no), which articulates the position of the Marian injunctions and of Mary's first statute repealing Edwardian reforms in religion. ^^ The backward-looking nature of the literature on this list accords with the general drying up of literary creativity during Mary's reign as the book trade reverted to the non-controversial publication typical of Henry VIIFs reign. Few new works of belles-lettres appeared. If the entry for 'morse workis in forill' (no. 19) refers to vernacular writings by Thomas More, the item anticipates William Rastell's retrospective collection of The vporkes of Sir T. More . . . wrytten by him in the Englysh tonge (1557). No. 102 may record a reissue ofa devotional work by More's fellow martyr Bishop John Fisher. The poetry and play by the Catholic John Heywood (nos. 43, 48, and 137), who married More's niece and was the friend of Rastell's father John, lacked the polemical edge of Edwardian satire and looked back to the blander court taste of Henry VIIFs reign. Old-fashioned works came back into print, such as Thomas Berthelet's reprint of Caxton's version of John Gower's Confessio Amantis (no. in). Marian publishers avoided the medieval favourites of the Protestant reformers, Chaucer and Langland, whose works had appeared in editions by Robert Crowley and others. The sale of Stephen Hawes's Example of Virtue (no. 9) epitomizes the old-fashioned literary taste of Mary's reign, when a startling vogue for The Pastime of Pleasure looked back to courtly taste of Henry VIFs time. Sales of imported books include not the writings of recent Protestant exiles like John Bale, Thomas Becon, John Knox, and Miles Coverdale, but Catholic educational or devotional works (see nos. 16, 27, 28, 71, and 107). It may have been too early for a significant number of imigri publications to have been smuggled into England, or perhaps the Marian regime controlled foreign trade more effectively than domestic book
39 sales. A Latin treatise (no. 85) by Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, recalls his role as the most skilful Catholic advocate during the reigns of three Tudor monarchs, until he died in service to Mary as Lord Chancellor. In this work and in English publications like A detection of the deuils sophistrie (no. 35), he mounted the most vigorous response to Cranmer and other Protestant authors on this list who were burnt under Mary. Although sales of the nettling 'Rouen' imprints of 'Michael Wood' are absent, Latin service books of the use of Sarum were published in that city by Robert Valentin, including texts printed by Richard Hamillon and others (nos. 81, 94, 99, 106, and 120). The partnership of John Kingston and Henry Sutton was the major domestic supplier of Sarum rite books (see no. 82). The classical text of Terence's Comoediae was used in schools, and Catonis disticha moralia was a steady seller throughout the century as an elementary reader. Specific titles are rarely supplied for ephemeral publications, which receive generic designations such as 'ephemer
40 of imports from France, gilding may have cost 3^. or 4^. per octavo volume.^^ It is important to remember, however, that continental books were generally much cheaper and eventually provided unwelcome competition to the Stationers' Company. Most ready-bound books listed in MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8 are bound in forel (vellum made from unsplit sheepskin), the sixteenth-century equivalent ofa publisher's trade binding. No. 136 suggests that 2d. may have been a standard price for binding an octavo book in forel.^*^ Parchment bindings are mentioned in nos. 38, 61, and 103. After forel, boards made out of pasted paper are the most commonly used binding materials; they may have been covered with calfskin.^^ Their use in a book made out of ruled paper (no. 21) suggests that 4^. may have been the charge for using pasteboard to cover a quarto volume, because the paper should have cost approximately 8^. No. 130 suggests that M. may have been a standard charge for adding pasteboard covers to a folio, for the purchase price of the books cited would fiave been far more than the payment mentioned. The references to 'bordis' and 'borodis' in nos. 94, 99, 135, and 144 evidently refer to wooden boards that were probably covered with calfskin or hide. Eight pence may have been their standard cost because a stitched copy or one in sheets cost IS. 4^. (assuming that nos. 94 and 151 record sales of the same book); the balance of the 2s. payment for no. 94 would have paid for the boards. The sale of paper represents this stationer's only activity outside the retail book trade. The bound paper books that he sold were evidently used for ledgers. If the contents of books with blank leaves were usually measured in quires and cut as quartos (see nos. 17 and ioi), no. 21 may have contained twenty-four sheets of paper at a cost of approximately i^. (cf nos. 17, ioi, 146, and 147). If the pasteboard covers cost 4^/., three sheets of paper cost id. This is in line with the standard retail price ofa halfpenny per printed sheet; in England the cost of paper exceeded that of printing. ^^ Sales of loose sheets (see no. 146) include paper with a pot watermark (no. 143) and in the imperial size (no. 50). A quire of small paper must have been relatively inexpensive, because 5^. could purchase it in addition to The boke of husbandrye (no. 49). It should be remembered that the price of a blank-paper book includes no printing costs. In terms ofthe cost ofa printed sheet, probably quarto and octavo were cheapest. In addition to other potential variables, it is likely that some items were second hand, as may be the case with no. 37. Whoever wrote the account was a very poor speller and never got very far in his Latin school texts. His quasi-phonetic spellings suggest that he may have been one of the many immigrant Dutchmen who were active in the London book trade at this time. The accountant's very cursive mid-Tudor hand is characterized by large, bold, heavily shaded strokes with thick, swashing descenders slanting to the right. It has a reversed e in which the loop often appears to be separate from the body. The t has a curved shaft and tends to hook to the right. The literatim transcript that follows indicates conjectural reconstruction of lost or illegible text with canted brackets. Because of the irregularity and unreliability of suspensions and contractions, both editorial inclusions and expansions of contractions,
41 whether editorial or dubiously indicated in the text, are enclosed by square brackets. Columns, horizontal lines, and bracketing together of lines to indicate a single payment are indicated; filler lines are omitted. Because the entries are transcribed in chronological order, those on fol. 68 precede those on fol. 67.
[fol. 6S'-] [i] Cato erassme in p[ar] i (Pr)ymare for a chyllde [2] abc in latane in papir i of y 7 wyse ma[sters] of Rome i esopis fabell in forrille [3] ansure to docter gardenare in paste sume of de venite w[i]t[h] prycell of Rileg( . . > bryf [4] f[olio] opus arte cleor[um] [in] ynglis w[i]t[h] othe[r] boke to [5] the sume of I3sh8d to a gentell man[n]e [6] dede venis a postelis tradesseoni[s] i[n] forr[el] [7] Ho[o]per ofthe 10 coma[n]deme[n]ds [8] boke of goodmanarse in forril [9] exampell of vartu in 4to
[10] gramare i[n] paste i dealoge sacri i[n] pa[ste] [II] harmone in evangele in i6[mo] 8 [12] problem[m]ata et sentensea arristo[t]ull) simelea erassme in forrill J [13] psallterse in i6[mo] englis gyllte [4] [14] prymare in latane in i6[nio] par[t]is [15] prymarse in 8to for chyllederene 7
[16] homelea hofmestere in par[t]is 4 [17] boke of papir i quire in forrill [18] bybill in foleo helle for toye II
[19] morse workis irn forrill 9 [20] sarmo[n]is of M qynenethe for the qu[ene] [21] boke of paper Rulede in paste [22] sarmo[n] of gy[w]ineth i proclemace[on] for narocco[n] [23] prymare in 8to graftone pystill and g[ospels] [24] arathemeteca Recorde[s] in paste [25] brygme[nt] of poledore in forr[e]ll in englis [26] Declaraceone ofthe masse w[i]t[h] a [27] sartorius gramare bouthe partis
[28] loce co[m]munis hofmester in i6[mo] [29] asse of brede and all i confabulae i tabula
[35] pirense sarmo[n] i[n] forrell i detecceone [36] accedense 2 nowe balethis [37] tabula legis
[52] Ihohanis devego i arball turnar &c 8 8 Bybill in foleo hill for toy i boke of 1 [53] H 6 sarvis in 4[t]o gyllte i gram[mar?] ceporiane J [54] segarse psallmis w[i]th note i quere of small papir 2 balethis antiq<(uo) 4
[SS] Marcuis aureleus in 8to gyllte 1— 1 10 [S6] cleonardis gramare iti forrille I [57] balethis nova i arball in 8to i catechis[m] 8 [S8] psall[ter] in 8to hell 8 [S9] virgell texte i psall[ter] in meter 2 [60] prayares take[n] outhe of the psallter 2 [61] abc in parchem[en]te in latane 4 [62] prymare for a chyllde in 8to 4 [63] Halles croneckolle nova englis 12 [64] notame of the hande i starnoUde psallmis [6S] hawoddis dealogis in 8to englis 6 [66] gardene of wysdome in forrelle 5 [67] boke of the apocrefa a parte of y bybl[e] 2 [68] smythe of y sacrame[n]te m paste I 8 allfansis contera herestis in 8to 6 8 [69] contera varse pige in 8to pythe sayengis of scruptur i fryth of y sacr[ament] 2 2 [70] 43 [71] vives ad sapenseame i Regapovre and eccles I [72] letter of m more i sar[m]one of m more I [73] tabell of the byb[e]ll i abc i[n] latane ^g^ h 6 [74]
[82] 2 pressconall sarr 3 pry[mers] lata[ne] 5 [83] I ephemer ofthe compla[n] of grasse [87] I perense 3 sarmonis i[n] forrell I [88] I albarte de secretis gem[m]a platonis i6[mo] 1 I problem[m]eta Arristotuliis i[n] i6[mo] J 2 [89] I bryfe croneckill i of y 7 wyse m[aste]r[s] I [90] I Cronica nocclere i consilia generalia epitome 1 omnibus augustene in foleo J [91] I prymare englis for A chillde i[n] 8to [92] I testamen[t] i[n] i6[mo] Jugge r gova[rnance] of var[tue] w[it]h othe[rs] 2
[93] 2 meserse of bloyenge i[n] bordis [94] I prymare latane & englis / Roue[n] 2 [95] I virtute vistor i enche ecke i lo[o]se hofm[eister] 3 [96] I testame[nt] in frenshe in i6[mo] I
[97] 1— 1 catechesmus frenshe & englis [98] I mesarse of bloyenge [99] I misall sarr i[n] 4to manvell 1 h i prosescinall sarr i[n] bordis j 12
[100] I gramatica cleonarde i balete nova I [IOI] I paper boke i[n] 4to 24 shetis Wenseday the [29] daye of auguste [102] I sperituall consell[in]g in i6[mo] [103] I cata erassme i[n] parcheme[nt] 3 [104] I bibill in latane i[n] queris 2 [105] I diacosea marteriane i[n] forr[i]ll I 2 [106] 2 prymarse in 8to gillte Roue[n] 2 II 44 if-
^;^. 2. MS. Egerton 2974, f. 67^. Detail: nos. 93-113 [107] 2 enchirid[i]o[n] sarr i[n] queris i[n] 8to I 2 [108] 2 horra sarr in i6[mo] in queris I [109] I picture of the quene nova
[no] I marte aganste the marig of pry[sts] I 6 [III] I goor in folio conspere of cateline 5 6 [112] I courthis lyffe i[n] paste 10 [113] I Ratis of the costome house 2 [fol. 67^] [114] marte aganste pryste marrig i[n] forr[el] <6>
[115] balethis nova of sortis 2 [116] rymare i[n] latane i[n] i6[mo] setoute 6 [121] [123] sentensea pu[e]relis in qeris 2 [124] '(o)pera laurense Justeniani i[n] fol[i]o 8 [125] bucoloca mantuan i elucidis poeticus I [126] epistola Ingnase in 4to I [127] [I] philargere i waye to wellthe 6 [128] [I] voyese of the laste trompe i philargere 6 [129] prymare in 32[mo] Englis wichurch 6 [130] bovte be twine y bybiU of day p m[u]nday y 3 day of September [1554] r [136] for byndenge of i boke i[n] forrill M p[i]tt 2 [137] Coppe of a letter of y marriag I [138] spanneshe And englis 4 l- l [139] testame[nt] i[n] lata[n] Jerome grosse 4 [140] watson sarmo[n] i brokis sarmo[n]ne 4 46 -^tp^x*^ cj^ - r^t»,w,^ g^. J. MS. Egerton 2974, f. 67^. Detail: nos. 136-53 pycturis of the quene: of y kynge j cato Junior 3 balethis nova j 9 Tousdaye the 4 of septem[ber] 1554 [142] starnoU psaU[mes] 3 balethis 4 1 [143] <2> shetis of papir of the potte 2 [i44] manuell sarr in bordis 2 8 Agrippa in artem[m]e Ranund LuUii I [146] 6 shetis of paper I [147] I paper boke in 4to 20 shetis 4 [148] I sarmones of docter watsones I 2 [149] 2 prymarse i[n] engl[ish] i[n] i6[mo] sarr 12 pym[ers] late[n] i6[mo] 6 [ISO] [I] prymare i[n] i6[mo] i[n] latane set oute 6 [151] [i] prymare i[n] latane & eng[l]ish I 4 [152] [i] prymare englis[h] in 8to I [153] sarmone of doc[tor] watson i brokis sarm[on] 2 8 The following identifications for items in this account book assume that there may have been earlier editions which are no longer extant. Identification of both texts and particular editions is difficult and sometimes impossible in this occasionally intractable list. Only in the case of Crowley's books (nos. 127-8) and a few others can one be virtually certain about editions as well as text. The most plausible identifications are offered in the notes. Conjectures are noted with a question mark at the head of an entry. The Short-Title Catalogue^ 14/^-^^40 is a fundamental source of bibliographical information. Abbreviations include the following: Adams Herbert M. Adams, Catalogue of Books Printed on the Continent of Europe^ 1^01-1600 in Cambridge Libraries^ 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1967). B Edward J. Baskerville, A Chronological Bibliography of Propaganda and Polemic Published in English between i^S3 ^^d 1558. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. cxxxvi (Philadelphia, 1979). F Forbidden by injunction, proclamation, or legislation. Prot. Protestant. Prop. Propaganda. RC Roman Catholic. STC A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England^ Scotland^ (^ Ireland and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1^40, compiled by A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, 2nd edn., revised and enlarged by W. A. Jackson and F. S. Ferguson, completed by Katharine F. Pantzer, 2 vols. (1976-86). Vol. 3 is forthcoming. 1. Erasmus's edition of Catonis disticha moralia. 2. A Latin A.B.C., The Seven Wise Masters of Rome (presumably a lost edition or STC 21299), and Aesop's Fables in a forel cover (many editions). A purchase of books for children. 3. John Hooper, An answer vnto my lord of wynchesters booke, Zurich, A. Fries, 1547, 4° {STC 13741). Prot., Prop., F. Possibly STC 11593 or the last item in no. 130. A reply to Gardiner (see nos. 35 and 85). Bracketing indicates that it was purchased along with The sum of diuinite dramen out of the holy scripture, Grafton? for John Day and William Seres, 5 October 1548, 8° (STC 23004-23004.5). R. Hutton's translation of Johann Spangenberg's Margarita theologica, continens praecipuos locos doctrina christiam^. Prot. *pryceU of Rileg <. .> bryf might refer to Perussellus, Summa Christiana religionis, 1551, 80 {STC 19783). 4. Nicolaus Clenardus, Tabula in grammaticen Hebrceam, Paris, Christianus Wechelus, many editions pubUshed from 1533 onward (Adams, no. C2161 ff.). Sold or bound with a new pamphlet. 5. Payment to a customer or supplier. 6. Very ungainly Latin for a forel-bound edition of De divinis apostolis traditionis ('On the traditions of the holy apostles'). Text unknown. 7. John Hooper, A declaration of the ten holy commaundementeSy Zurich or London, many printers, f.1549-50 {STC 13746-13750.5). By the recently deprived evangelical Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester. Prot., Prop., F. 8. Jacques Legrand, The book of good maners^ translated by William Caxton. Many editions in many formats, 1487-1534 {STC 15394-15399-5). A lost edition? 9. Stephen Hawes, The Example of Virtue, 3 editions, Wynkyn de Worde, r. 1504-30 {STC 12945-12947). Possibly a lost edition from Mary's reign, when Hawes's Pastime of Pleasure (1509) was reissued three times. 10. Possibly an early edition of Sebastian Castalio, Dialogorum sacrorum libri quatuor (see STC 4770), with copies of a grammar. In pasteboard covers. 11. } Possibly Andreas Osiander, Harmoniae Euangelicae libri IIII, Paris, 1545, 12° (Adams, no. O358). Misidentified as 16°, or a lost edition? Prot., F. There must have been many harmonies on the Gospels. 12. Aristotle, Problemata and Sententiae. Many continental editions. Bracketing indicates that it was purchased together with Erasmus, Parabolarum^ sive Similium Liber^ Strasbourg, in aed. Schurerianis, 1514. Many continental editions. 13. The prose Psalms (see STC 2370 ff.); 'Psalms' usuaUy denotes metrical versions. 16. Johann Hoffmeister, Homiliae in Evangelia quae in Dominicis et aliisfestis diebus leguntur per totum annum, Antwerp, 1549, 8° (see also Adams, no. H659). Hoffineister (d. 1547) was the General of the Augustinian friars in Germany and an opponent of Luther. RC. 17. A book containing one quire of paper, in forel covers. 18. The English Bible ('Matthew' version), N. Hill for R. Toy, 6 May 1551, fol. {STC 2083). Prot., F. Thomas Matthew was the alias of John Rogers, the first reformer burned during the Marian persecutions. 19. UncoUected works by Thomas More. RC, Prop. William Rastell's edition of The workes of Sir T. More . . . wrytten by him in the Englysh tonge, Cawood, Waly, and Tottel, April 1557, fol. {STC 18076) was a landmark publication of Mary's reign. Contains RC, Prop. This entry is too expensive to be Roderyck Mors (pseud, for Henry Brinkelow), The Complaint for the redresse of certeyn wycked lawes and The lamentacyon of a christen agaynst the cytye of London, many editions, 1542-C.1550 {STC 3760-3766). 20. John Gwynneth, A briefe declaration ofthe victory of quene Marye, Cawood, 8^, late July or August 1553 {STC 12556.7; B 1553/5)- RC, Prop. 21. A book of ruled paper in paste covers. 22. See no. 20. If'narocco[n]' refers to 'narration', this item may refer to STC 7849. 49 23. ? STC 16049.5. 24. Robert Record, The ground ofartes teachyng the worke and practise of arithmetike, 1543-52 {STC 20797.5-20799.3). Many editions. 25. Polydore Vergil, An abridgement ofthe notable worke of Polidore Vergile, 1546-51 {STC 24654-24657). 26. Antoine Marcort, A declaration of the masse, translated from French, 1547-8 {STC 17314-17316). Printed in London by John Day with a satirical attribution to the Hans Luft press in Wittenberg, or in Ipswich by John Oswen. Prot., Prop., F. 27. A manuscript copy or earlier printed text that is no longer extant of Joannes Sartorius, Grammatica, ed. H. Junius, Antwerp, 12°, 1569. 28. Johann Hoffmeister, Loci communes rerum theologicarum, Antwerp, in aed. Joan. Steelsij, 16°, 1552 (Adams, no. H665). RC. 29. The assyse of breadde and ale, and other thynges, Berthelet, 8° and 4°, fr. 1550-3 {STC 868-868.2); a Latin tale or dialogue; and possibly an earlier edition now lost of Horatius Morus, Tabulae universam chirurgiam miro complectentes, Venice, 1572. 30. An edition of R. Whittinton, De syllabarum quantitate, many editions. 31. Probably John Stanbridge, Accidentia, many editions after c.1505. With a sermon by John Gwynneth (see nos. 20 and 22). 32. Anno quinto et sexto Edvardi sexti, Grafton, fol., 1552 {STC 9433-9437.7); and Anno septimo Edvvardi sexti, Grafton, fol., 1553 {STC 9439-9440). Statutes of England, 5 & 6 Edward VI (23 January-15 April 1552) and 7 Edward VI (1-31 March 1553). 33. Joannes Bekinsau, De supremo et absoluto regis imperio, in aed. T. Bertheleti, 1546, 8° {STC 1801). 34. Twelve copies of Catonis disticha moralia in Latin and a Latin-English text {STC 4841.7-4844, 4853.5-4854, or one of many continental editions), or possibly no. 123, with a Latin work. 'Sarcere' may be a work by Erasmus Sarcerius (see STC 21752.5). 35. ? William Peryn, Thre godlye and notable sermons, ofthe sacrament ofthe aulter, John Hertford or Nicholas HiU for Robert Toy, 8°, 1546 {STC 19785.5-19786). RC. With Stephen Gardiner, A detection ofthe deuils sophistrie, wherwith he robbeth the vnlearned people, ofthe true byleef in the sacrament ofthe aulter, Hertford for Toy, 8°, 1546 {STC 11591-11591.3). RC, Prop. See nos. 3 and 85. 36. No. 31, with two new ballads. 37. Probably a table to common law, possibly a worn and battered copy of Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, Tabula prime partis magni abbreuiamenti librorum legum anglorum, John Rastell, fol., 10 February 1517/18 {STC 10955). 38. Two A.B.C.s (see STC 17.7 ff-), with a new ballad. 40. A bound copy of Hugh Latimer's 1549 Lenten sermons at the royal court. Day and Seres, 8°, 1549 {STC 15270.5-15274.7), in pasteboard covers. Prot., F. 41. Hugh Rhodes, The boke of nurture for men, seruantes and chyldren, with Stans puer ad mensam, newly corrected, T. Petyt, 40, 1545? {STC 20953). 42. One of Edmund Becke's revisions ofthe English Bible, Day, 17 August 1549 or 23 May 1551, fol. {STC 2077 or 2088). 'With notis' generally means 'with music' (see no. 54), but here it evidently refers to Becke's annotations. Prot., F. 43. 'Book of service' must refer specifically to the Book of Common Prayer in English (see STC 16279 ff.) and Latin (see STC 16423). With John Heywood's A play of hue, WiUiam Rastell, fol., 1534 ('S'rCi33O3)- 50 44. Diego de San Pedro, The castell of love, translated by John Bourchier, ^.1548-52 {STC 21739.5-21740). The interlinear notation for 'a sarmo[n] nova' concludes this entry. 45. John Frith, A myrroure or lokynge glasse wherin you may beholde the sacramente of baptisme described. Day, 8°, 1533 [i.e. 1548?] {STC 11391)- Pro^^ P^^P-^ ^• 46. See no. 31. The Stans puer ad mensam is probably Lydgate's (see STC 17030.9), but see also Sulpitius {STC 23429.5) and no. 41. 47. STC 16021 or 16027. 48. John Heywood, A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the englishe tongue, Berthelet, 8^ and 40, 1546-50 {STC 13291-13292). 49. John Fitzherbert, The boke of husbandry e, probably f.1548-50 {STC 10999-10999.7). 50. Sheets of paper in the imperial size. 51. No. 13. With Latin psalter in 16° (Adams, no. B1431?; see STC 16264). 52. A work by Joannis de Vigo. With WiUiam Turner's herbal (presumably STC 24365). 53. No. 18. With a 4° Book of Common Prayer printed by Hill, possibly the prayer-book forming part of The byble in Englishe, HiU for A. Veale, 40, 1552 {STC 2089). With a grammar? 54. Francis Seager, Certayne psalmes select out ofthe psalter of Dauid, and drawen into Englyshe metre, wyth notes to euery psalme in iiij parts to synge. Seres, 8°, 1553 {STC 2728). Contains music. Prot., F. With a quire of paper and two old ballads. 55. Probably Antonio de Guevara, The golden boke of Marcus Aurelius, 8°, 1546 or 1553 {STC 12440-12441). 56. No. 4. 57. 'ArbaU in 8to' probably refers to A boke ofthe propertyes of herbes, the which is called an herbal {STC 13175 4)- 58. Possibly related to The psalter, or boke of the psalmes by Miles Coverdale {STC 2379 f.) with the parts sold separately. STC 2379.5 (^1549) is printed in Nicholas HiU's types. Cross- referenced with other editions in STC 20200.3. 59. An edition of Virgil. With The psalter ofDauid newely translated into Englysh metre, by Robert Crowley, Grafton and Mierdman for Crowley, 4°, 20 September 1549 {STC 2725). Prot., F. With music. 60. ? No. 58, which contains the subheading: 'Here folowe certayne prayers of holy men & women, taken oute ofthe bible.' See also Psalmes or prayers taken out of holy e scripture ['The King's Psalms'], Berthelet, many small format editions, i544-'^i553 (^^3001.7-3006). Possibly STC 2999-3000. 6ia. Possibly hornbook. 63. Edward Halle, The vnion of the two noble and illustrious families of York and Lancaster. Presumably 'nova' refers to the most recent edition, Grafton, fol., (7.1550 {STC 12723- 12723a). Prot., F. 64. A lost work entitled The anatomy ofthe hand in the manner ofa dyalL See E. Gordon Duff, A Century of the English Book Trade (1905), p. 46 under 'FoUingham (WiUiam)'. With Sternhold's Psalms (no. 79). 65. No. 48, Berthelet, 8°, 1550 {STC 13292). 66. Richard Taverner, The garden ofwysdom wherin ye may e get her moste pleasaunt flowres, wytty sayenges of princes, many editions, i539-'^i55O {STC 237iia-237i5.5). Based on Erasmus, Apophthegmata. See also STC 10437 and 10446 ff. 67. The volume ofthe bokes called Apocripha, Day and Seres, 8°, 1549 {STC 2087.5). Prot., F. 51 68. Richard Smith, A defence ofthe blessed masse, and the sacrifice therof three editions, 1546-7 {STC 22820-22821). RC, Prop. Or possibly STC 22819. 69. The first work may be Alphonsus a Castro, Lib. 14 versus haeresias. 'Contera varse' may mean 'controversae'. 70. Thomas Paynell, The piththy [sic] and moost notable sayinges of al Scripture, three editions, 8°, 1550 {STC 19494-19494.7). With no. 45. Appointed a royal chaplain by Henry VIII, this one-time Austin friar and canon of Merton College remained in favour with all of the king's Tudor successors. 71. Juan Luis Vives, Introductio ad sapientiam. Satellitium siue Symbola Epistolae duae de ratione studii puerilis, Bruges, Hubert de Crooc, many editions after 1526 (Adams, no. V974ff.). 72. ? Thomas More, A letter ofsyr Tho. More knyght impugnynge the erronyouse wrytyng ofj. Frith, WUliam Rastell, 8°, 1533 {STC 18090). RC, Prop. With a sermon. 73. Walter Lynne, A briefe and compendiouse table, in a maner ofa concordaunce, ofthe whole Bible. Mierdman for Lynne, 8*^, 1550 {STC 17117). Collected by Heinrich BuUinger et al. See also no. 38. Prot., Prop., F. With a Latin A.B.C. 74. ? Erasmus, Enchiridion militis Christiani, many editions in England and on the Continent (see STC 10479-10486.5). Possibly another breviary or a Latin hours as in no. 107. This fragmentary entry may be a continuation of no. 73 in recording the purchase of 'i latane <(encher[idion])'. Because ofthe loss of pages in the account book, a gap of more than ten months separates this entry from the following. 75. Lost edition by Edward Whitchurch. Prot. See the 32^ eds. by R. Grafton {STC 16047) ^"d T. Gaultier {STC 16051). 76. See no. 34. 77. ? Thomas Watson, Twoo notable sermons, made before the quenes highnes, concernynge the reall presence, John Cawood, 10 May 1554, 8" {STC 25115-25115.5; B 1554/13-15). RC, Prop. 78. ? Profits for sales of Giles Coucheman, An Exhortatyon or warnynge, to beware of greater plagues ^ troubles, then are yet come vppon thys realme,for the synnes and wyckednes commytted there in, Thomas Raynald, 1551, 8° {STC 5870.5). Superscript belongs to this item. 79. Thomas Sternhold's metaphrase ofthe Psalms into ballad measure. Many 8° editions, most printed by Whitchurch {STC 2419 ff.). Prot., F. 80. A child's catechism, possibly John Day's A short catechisme, or play ne instruction, conteyninge the summe of Christian learninge, sett fourth for all scholemaisters to teache, 1553, 8° {STC 4812) or Edmond Allen's Shorte catechisme. A briefe and godly bringinge vp of youth, Zurich, 1550, 16° in 8's {STC 361). Prot. Sold with three ballads. 81. Latin primer, Robert Valentin, Rouen, 1551, 16° {STC 16056). RC. 82. Two Latin rite processionals ofthe Sarum use, possibly the 1554 8*^ edition of John Kingston and Henry Sutton {STC 16244), with primers. RC. 83. Ephmerides or tables giving the positions ofthe heavenly bodies at specific times, usually for navigation, with a small A, B, C. 84. An additional payment of two shillings from Master Lascelles. 85. Ad Martinum Bucerum, De impudenti eiusdem pseudologia conquesio by Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester {episcopus Wintonensis), Louvain, 1544 or 1546. An attack on the Swiss theologian (Adams, nos. G23i~2). RC, Prop. 86. Profits from the sale of a lost edition of John Redman's A compendious treatise called the complaint of grace, 1556? {STC 20826). This item may simply be misdated in STC. 87. See no. 35. 52 88. Albertus Magnus (pseud.), The boke of secretes (see STC 258 ff.). An apocryphal collection of fantastic marvels enjoyed by Tudor readers as entertaining fiction. Bracketmg mdicates that it was purchased along with a continental edition of Aristotle, Problemata. 89 Very likely an edition of ^ breuiat cronicle contaynynge all the hinges from brute to this daye, John MycheU, Canterbury, 1552-3 (STC 9968 997o). With The Seven Wise Masters of Rome (see no. 2). 90. An unknown chronicle and a continental edition of an epitome ofthe Latin Councils ofthe Church. Bracketing indicates that they were purchased together with a folio edition of St Augustine's works in Latin. 91. Possibly one of the primers at STC 20373 ff. 92. New Testament, translated by William Tyndale, Jugge, 1548 or 1552, 16° (STC 2852 or 2868), with Thomas Becon, Thegouernaunce ofvertue, 1549, 16° (STC 1725) and other texts. Prot, F. 93. A separate edition of this text is no longer known, but 'Measures of blowing' is added at the end ofthe Boke ofhawkynge huntynge, andfysshynge in STC 3310.5, W. Powell, 4°, [£-.1550], and the following Copland editions. 94. The primer in Latin and English, with the epistles and gospels, printed in Rouen. Superscript is part of this entry. 95. ? An enchiridion by Coke or Cooke with no. 16 or no. 28. It is unlikely that 'lo[o]se' refers to unbound signatures because the accountant elsewhere uses 'in quires'. 96. Very likely a continental edition, because no 16° editions are known to have been printed in England. See STC 2957.6-2957.9. 97. See the French catechisms in larger works at STC 16430 and 16573. Possibly a bilingual extract. 98. No. 93. 99. A Sarum use missal, Rouen, sold by Richard Hamillon in the buUding of Robert Valentin, 1554-5, 4° {STC 16215-16216). With a 40 manual (see no. 144 = STC 16138 fF., especially 16151 ff.). Bracketing indicates that these books were purchased together with a Sarum rite processional bound in boards, possibly the edition referred to in no. 82. 100. No. 4. With a new baUad. 102. ? A spirituall counsayle, very necessarye for euery persone to haue, c.1540 {STC 5871.9). Possibly a lost edition of Cardinal John Fisher, A spirituall consolation, written . . . to hys sister Elizabeth, 1578?, 8° {STC 10899). A reissue now lost (see STC 10896; B 1554/40)? RC, Prop. 103. Presumably an issue by Nicholas HiU ('ex edibus N. Montani') of Erasmus's edition of Catonis disticha moralia (see no. i). From the price, probably a plain Latin Cato rather than Richard Taverner's commentary, 1553, 8" {STC 4844). 104. An unbound Latin Bible in quires. 105. John White, Diacosiomartyrion, id est ducentorum virorum testimonium, de verite corporis, et sanguinis Christi, in eucharistia, aduersus Petrum Martyrem, Robert Caly, December 1553, 40 in 8's {STC 25388). RC, Prop. Some copies of this treatise by the Marian Bishop of Lincoln contain an inserted leaf dated 15 March 1554, indicating the approval of Queen Mary. A reply to Pietro Martire Vermigli (Peter Martyr), Tractatio de sacramento eucharistice, 1549, 4° {STC 24673), a publication of Reginald Wolfe, Latin printer to Edward VI; Martyr dedicated the text to Edward's Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer. The writings of Martyr and Cranmer were forbidden by the Marian proclamation against heretical books. 53 106. Two Sarum use primers, Rouen, R. Valentin, 8° {STC 16055 or 16058), with gold tooling. 107. 'Sarr' means 'of Sarum use'. For earlier editions ofthe Sarum use enchiridion or book of hours, see STC 15957 and 15965. 108. Two books of hours ofthe Sarum use, 16^ {STC 16056?). 109. A lost picture of Queen Mary. See Arthur M. Hind, Engraving in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Cambridge, 1952-64), vol. i, pi. ^ob-c, for woodcuts by Frans Huys that were published in Antwerp by Hieronymous Cock in 1555. no. Thomas Martin, A traictise declaryng and plainly prouyng, that the pretensed marriage of priestes, is no mariag, Caly, 4°, May 1554 {STC 1751-]; B 1554/23), probably in a forel or limp parchment binding. RC, Prop. Attributed to Stephen Gardiner. Answered by John Ponet (STC 20175). 111. A folio edition of John Gower's Confessio Amantis, presumably that published by Thomas Berthelet, 12 March 1554 (STC 12144). With Thomas Paynell's translation of Constantius Felicius, The conspiracie of Lucius Catiline, Berthelet, 1541, 4° (STC 10751). 112. ? The historie of Quintus Curcius, contayning the actes ofthe greate Alexander, translated by John Brende, Richard Tottel, 11 May 1553, 4° {STC 6141.5). Or possibly Antonio de Guevara, A dispraise ofthe life ofa courtier, translated by Sir Francis Bryan, Grafton, August 1548, 8o(5rCi243i). 113. Custom House tariff rates. Though no Marian edition is known, there must have been one (see STC 7687-7688.4). 114. No. no, in forel covers. A line appears to be cut away at the top of this page. 116. A continental edition ofthe Roman rite book of hours. RC. 119. Tales, and quicke answeres, very mery, and pleasant to rede, Berthelet, 4", c.1532 {STC 23665) or a lost edition, and a continental edition of Ovid's Metamorphoses, with a commentary. 120. Latin primer, Rouen, R. Valentine, 1551, 16°. RC. 121. A.B.C. in Latin and Greek. 122. The newe greate Abregement, presumably one ofthe updated 8° editions of William Rastell's Grete abbregement of the statutys that were published in 1551 {STC 9525-9526). 123. Almost certainly an early edition, no longer extant, of Leonhard Culmann, Sententiae Pueriles (see STC 6106.3). 124. Justianus Laurentius, Patriarch of Venice, Opera, Brescia, Angelicus Britannicus, 1506 (Adams, no. J703), or later edition. 125. Baptista Spagnuoli (Mantuanus), Bucolica seu Adolescentia. Many editions (Adams, no. M391 ff.). With an unknown work in Latin. 126. St Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, Epistolae undecim. Jacobus Faber, 1520 or later edition (Adams, no. 128 ff.). 127. Robert Crowley, Philargyrie of greate Britayne, Richard Grafton for Crowley, 1551, 8° {STC 6089.5). With the same author's The way to wealth, wherein is taught a remedy for sedicion, Stephen Mierdman for Crowley, 1550, 8° {STC 6096). Prot., F. 128. Crowley's The voyce ofthe laste trumpet blowen bi the seventh angel wherein are contayned xii lessons to twelue seueralestates ofmenne, Grafton for Crowley, 1549-50, 8*^ {STC 6094-6095). With another copy of Philargyrie of greate Britayne. Prot., F. 129. No. 75. 130. Possibly refers to a lost (or unidentified) work entitled A Bout Between [. . . ]; or this entry may record an order for binding one of John Day's editions of Edmund Becke's Bible 54 revisions (see no. 42) and Cranmer's An answer vnto a crafty cauillation by S. Gardiner, Wolfe, 1551, fol. {STC 5991). Prot., F. 131. No. 94. See STC 2978, and also the 16072/2978.5 combination. 134. ? First Edwardian revision ofthe English primer, Grafton, 1551 {STC 16053). 135. Terence, Comoediae, in boards. Many continental editions (Adams, no. T303 ff.). 136. Charge for providing forel book covers for a client named Master Pitt. 137. Too early for STC ISS^- Possibly John Heywood, A balade specifienge partly the maner, partly the matter, in the most excellent meetyng and lyke mariage betwene our soueraigne lord, and our soueraigne lady the kynges andqueenes highnes. WiUiam Riddell, August 1554 (^TC 13290.3; B 1554/31)- RC, Prop. 138. The boke of Englysshe, and Spanysshe, Richard Wyer, 1554?, 8° {STC 23010.5). A bilingual vocabulary appropriate to the period following Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain. 139. A large format edition ofthe Vulgate New Testament. Printed on the Continent? 140. ? No. 77. Possibly bound with A sermon very notable, fruictefull, and godlie, made at Paules cro^jf by James Brooks, the Marian Bishop of Gloucester, Caly, 1553-4, 8^ (6TC 3838-3839; B 1553/16). RC, Prop. 141. See no. 109. Bracketing indicates that the pictures of Mary and Philip were purchased along with Catonis disticha moralia, which was available in many English and continental editions (see nos. 1 and 76). Possibly it was the Taverner edition (see no. 103). With three new broadside ballads. 142. No. 79. Prot., F. 143. Two sheets of paper with a pot watermark. 144. Sarum manual in boards. See no. 107. 145. Henricus Cornelius Agrippa, In artem breuem Raymundi Lullij, Cologne, Joannes Sater, August 1553, 8° (Adams, no. A394). A commentary on Raymond Lull's Ars brevis. 147. A book in quarto made up of twenty sheets. 148. No. 77. RC, Prop. 149. Two English primers in 16°, a Sarum [primer?] in 12°, and two Latin primers in 16°. The 'english' primer would be a Grafton-type (Henrician or Edwardian), the 'sarr' probably English and Latin. The price compares fairly well with no. 82. 153. See no. 140. A fellowship extended by the Newberry Library and James F. Larkin, 3 vols. (New Haven, Center for Renaissance Studies supported the com- 1964-9), no. 390. pletion of this essay. Peter Blayney and Katharine F. 2 Frederic A. Youngs, Jr., The Proclamations of the Pantzer have offered very considerable assistance in Tudor Queens (Cambridge, 1976), p. 198. deciphering a difficult manuscript hand and identify- 3 Henry Gee and William J. Hardy, Documents ing early English books on this list. Arthur Searle Illustrative of English Church History (1896), has given valuable advice concerning transcription, from Bishop Bonner's Register, fol. 342b. dating, and the description of provenance. I should 4 I & 2 Philip and Mary, c. 6, in Record Commis- also like to acknowledge the help of Sheila Linden- sion, The Statutes ofthe Realm, 12 vols., ed. A. baum, David Paisey, the late Anthony Petti, and Luders et al. (1810-28), vol. iv, p. 244. the late William A. Ringler, Jr. London is the place 5 Tudor Royal Proclamations, no. 422. See Youngs, of publication unless otherwise noted. Proclamations, pp. 199-201, and MS. Egerton 2974, fois. 67-8, nos. 45, 52, and 92. Despite its I Tudor Royal Proclamations, ed. Paul L. Hughes praise for the Tudor dynasty, Halle's chronicle 55 (no. 63) was banned as a Protestant interpretation Printing Press', pp. 135-48; see also her 'Pam- of English history. phlets and Politics, 1553-8', Bulletin of the 6 MS. Egerton 2974, fol. 64; British Museum, Institute of Historical Research, xlviii (1975), pp. Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts igi6- 31-44- ^0 (1933)1 P- 308. See also LesUe Mahin Oliver, 18 W. W. Greg, Some Aspects and Problems 'A Bookseller's Account Book, 1545', Harvard of London Publishing between 1550 and i6$o Library Bulletin, xvi (1968), p. 140. (Oxford, 1956), pp. 1-5; and Cyprian Blagden, 7 J. G. Nichols (ed.), The Diary of Henry Machin, The Stationers'* Company: A History, i4O3~igs9 Camden Society, vol. xlii (1848), p. 72. (i960), pp. 19, 21, 30, 33. See also Paul Morgan, 8 See Leslie P. Fairfield, 'The Mysterious Press English Provincial Printing (Birmingham, 1958), of "Michael Wood" (1553-54)', The Library, 5th pp. 4-5. The Appendix of E. Gordon Duff's ser. xxvii (1972), pp. 220-32. English Provincial Printers, Stationers and Book- 9 The epistles and gospels, of euery Sonday and holy binders to ISS7 (Cambridge, 1912) lists books daye, throughoute the whole yeare, after the vse of printed by or for provincial printers and thy [sic] catholike church (1556?) {STC 2980.2). stationers. 10 On the careers of Day, Grafton, and Wbitcburch 19 See nos. 75, 80, and 134. On the importance of as committed reformist printers, see John N. the primers in the period leading up to Edward's King, English Reformation Literature: The Tudor reign, see Charles C. Butterworth, The English Origins of the Protestant Tradition (Princeton, Primers {i$2g-i$4s): Their Publication and Con- 1982), pp. 53, 94-6 ff. nection with the English Bible and the Reformation 11 I am indebted to Katharine F. Pantzer for this in England (Philadelphia, 1953). He notes that suggestion. See nos. 18, 47, and 53. under Queen Mary the primer was 'one of the 12 John E. Neale, Queen Elizabeth (1934), p. 38. few books allowed to circulate in England con- 13 King, op. cit. pp. 88-9, 106-9. On the Crom- taining portions of the Scriptures in the English wellian propaganda campaign in favour of the tongue' (p. 2). royal divorce and break with the Church of 20 Nos. 42, 67, and 130. See Tudor Proclamations, Rome, see G. R. Elton, Policy and Police: The no. 390. Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of 21 Nos. 54, 64, 79, and 142. Thomas Cromwell (Cambridge, 1972), pp. 171- 22 Nos. 127-8. See King (ed.), ''Philargyrie of Greate 210. In 'The Marian Establishment and the Britayne by Robert Crowley', English Literary Printing Press', English Historical Review, ci Renaissance, x (1980), pp. 46-75. (1986), p. 136, Jennifer Loach issues the caveat 23 Baskerville, Chronological Bibliography, p. 7. For that disregarding the peak years of 1548 and 1550 a discussion ofthe only Catholic publicist to rival leaves an undistinguished rate of publication 'for the Protestants as a religious popularizer, see the other years of Edward's reign'. She concludes Joseph Martin's 'Miles Hogarde: Artisan and that the disparity in publication rates is best Aspiring Author in Sixteenth-Century England', explained not by reference to the difference Renaissance Quarterly, xxxiv (1981), pp. 359-81; between periods of Protestant and Catholic rule Hogarde's works are absent from MS. Egerton but to the 'contrast between a period of pros- 2974, ff. 67-8. Perhaps because they sensed that perity and one of contraction and, finally, crisis'. he was one of their few effective opponents, 14 Joseph Martin, 'The Marian Regime's Failure to Protestant polemicists like Crowley singled Understand the Importance of Printing', Hunt- Hogarde out for scornful abuse. See also n. 14 ington Library Quarterly, xliv(i98i), pp. 231-47. above. 15 See H. G. Haile, 'Luther and Literacy', Proceed- 24 Nos. 20 and 77. ings of the Modern Language Association, xci 25 I Mary, Stat. 2, c. 2, in Statutes ofthe Realm, vol. (1976), p. 817. iv, p. 202. 16 Edward J. Baskerville, A Chronological Biblio- 26 Nos. 36, 38, 54, 57, 80, 100, and 118. graphy of Propaganda and Polemic Published in 27 F. Madan, 'Day-Book of John Dome, Bookseller English between 1553 and 1558, Memoirs of the in Oxford, A.D. 1520', Collectanea, ser. i (1885), American Philosophical Society, vol. cxxxvi pp. 71-177 and ser. 2 (1890), pp. 453-78, Oxford (Philadelphia, 1979)7 PP- 6-8. Historical Society Publications, vols. v, xvi. 17 Loach, 'The Marian Establishment and the 28 Oliver, 'Bookseller's Account Book', pp. 139-55- 29 On gilt books, see nos. 13, 55, and 106. For is^gBookof Common ?r^yeT,m An Introduction comparable prices, see Mirjam M. Foot, 'Some to Bibliography for Literary Students (Oxford, Bookbinders'Price Lists of the Seventeenth and 1927), P- 122. The cost of a folio binding m Eighteenth Centuries', in P. M. G. Aubel (ed.), parchment was limited to is. 2d., while a leather De libris compactis miscellanea (Brussels, 1984). cover over wooden boards or pasteboard could 30 See nos. 2, 6, 8, 12, 19, 25, 30, 35, 43, 44, 56, 66, not exceed i^. ioi. See Foot, op. cit., pp. 309 f. 77, 105, and 114. Ronald B. McKerrow quotes 31 Nos. 3, 10, 21, 24, 33, 40, 45, and 112. the govemment order establishing %d. as the 32 Philip Gaskell, A New Introduction to Biblio- maximum price for a folio binding in forel for the graphy (Oxford, 1972), pp. 177-8. 57