HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION Of THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY BY J. H. MERLE D'Aubigne, D.D. President of the Theological School of Geneva, and Vice President of the Societe Evangelique. p. 2, Para. 1, [1HR]. Volumes I., II., and III., translated by H. White, B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, M.A. and Ph. Dr. Heidelberg, and carefully revised by the author, who has made numerous important additions not to be found in any other transla- tion; vol. IV. the english original by Dr. Merle D'Au- bigne', assisted by Dr. White; and vol. V. translated by Dr. White, and carefully revised by the author. p. 2, Para. 2, [1HR]. CONTENTS To VOLUME 1. p. 3, Para. 1, [1HR]. BOOK 1 STATE Of EUROPE BEFORE THE REFORMATION. p. 3, Para. 2, [1HR]. PREFACE To VOLUME 1. p. 3, Para. 3, [1HR]. CHAPTER 1---page 33. --- Christianity -- Two distinctive principles -- Rise of the papacy -- Early encroachments -- Influence of Rome -- Co-operation of the bishops and of the Sects -- Visible unity of the church -- Invisible Unity of the church -- Primacy of St. Peter -- Patriarchates -- Co- operation of princes -- Influence of the barbarians -- Rome invokes the aid of the Franks -- Secular power -- Pepin and Charlemagne -- The decretals -- Disorders of Rome -- The emperor, the pope's suzerain -- Hildebrand -- His character -- Celibacy -- Struggle with the empire -- Emancipation of the pope -- Hildebrand's successors -- The crusades -- The empire -- The church. p. 3, Para. 4, [1HR]. CHAPTER 2---page 52. --- Grace -- Dead faith -- Works -- Unity and duality -- Pelagianism -- Salvation at the hands of the priests -- Penance -- Flagellations -- Indulgences - - Works of supererogation -- Purgatory -- The tariff -- Ju- bilee -- The Papacy and Christianity -- State of Christen- dom. p. 3, Para. 5, [1HR]. CHAPTER 3---page 61. --- Religion -- Relics -- Easter rev- els -- Morals -- Corruption -- Disorders of the priests, bishops, and popes -- A papal family -- Alexander VI -- Caesar Borgia -- Education -- Ignorance -- Ciceronians. p. 3, Para. 6, [1HR]. CHAPTER 4---page 71. --- Imperishable nature of Christian- ity -- Two laws of God -- Apparent strength of Rome -- Se- cret opposition -- Decline -- Threefold opposition -- Kings and people -- Transformation of the church -- The pope judged in Italy -- Discoveries of kings and their subjects -- Frederick the Wise -- Moderation and expectation. p. 3, Para. 7, [1HR]. CHAPTER 5---page 78. --- Popular feeling -- The empire -- Providential preparations -- Impulse of the Reformation -- Peace -- The commonalty -- National character -- Papal yoke -- State of the empire -- Opposition at Rome -- Middle classes -- Switzerland -- Courage -- Liberty -- Smaller cantons -- Italy -- Obstacles to the reform -- Spain -- Ob- stacles -- Portugal -- France -- Preparations -- Disap- pointment -- The Low Countries -- England -- Scotland -- The North -- Russia -- Poland -- Bohemia -- Hungary. p. 3, Para. 8, [1HR]. CHAPTER 6---page 92. --- Roman theology -- Remains of life -- Justification by faith -- Witnesses to the truth -- Claudius -- The Mystics -- The Waldenses -- Valdo -- Wick- liffe -- Huss -- Prediction -- Protestantism before the Reformation -- Anselm -- Arnoldi -- Utenheim -- Martin -- New witnesses in the church -- Thomas Conecte -- The cardi- nal of Crayn -- Institoris -- Savonarola -- Justification by faith -- John Vitrarius -- John Lallier -- John of Wesa- lia -- John of Goch -- John Wessel -- Protestantism before the Reformation -- The Bohemian brethren -- Prophecy of Proles -- Prophecy of the Eisenach Franciscan. p. 4, Para. 1, [1HR]. CHAPTER 7---page 109. --- Third preparation -- Letters -- Revival -- Recollections of antiquity in Italy -- Influence of the humanists -- Christianity of Dante -- Valla -- Infi- delity in Italy -- Platonic philosophy -- Commencement of learning in Germany -- Young students -- Printing -- Char- acteristics of German literature -- The learned and the schoolmen -- A new world -- Reuchlin -- Reuchlin in Italy - - His labors -- His influence in Germany -- Mysticism -- Contest with the Dominicans. p. 4, Para. 2, [1HR]. CHAPTER 8---page 124. --- Erasmus -- Erasmus a canon -- At Paris -- His genius -- His Reputation -- His influence -- Popular attack -- Praise of folly -- Gibes -- Churchmen -- Saints -- Folly and the popes -- Attack on science -- Prin- ciples -- Greek New Testament -- His profession of faith -- His labors and influence -- His failings -- Two parties -- Reform without violence -- Was such possible? -- Unreformed church -- His timidity -- His indecision -- Erasmus loses his influence with all parties. p. 4, Para. 3, [1HR]. CHAPTER 9---page 138. --- The nobility -- Different mo- tives -- Hutten -- Literary league -- Literae obscurorum virorum -- Their effect -- Luther's opinion -- Hutten at Brussels -- His letters -- Sickengen -- War -- His death -- Cronberg -- Hans Sachs -- General ferment. p. 4, Para. 4, [1HR]. BOOK 2 THE YOUTH, CONVERSION, AND EARLY LABORS Of LUTHER. 1483-1517. p. 4, Para. 5, [1HR]. CHAPTER 1---page 149. --- Luther's descent -- His parents -- His birth -- His poverty -- Paternal home -- Severity -- First knowledge -- School of Magdeburg -- Hardships -- Eisenach -- The Shunamite -- House of Cotta -- Arts -- Rec- ollections of these times -- His studies -- Trebonius -- The University. p. 4, Para. 6, [1HR]. CHAPTER 2---page 161. --- The University -- Scholastic di- vinity and the classics -- Luther's piety -- Discovery of the Bible -- Illness -- Luther admitted M. A. -- Conscience -- Death of Alexis -- The thunder storm -- Providence -- Farewell -- Luther enters a convent. p. 5, Para. 1, [1HR]. CHAPTER 3---page 170. --- His father's anger -- Pardon -- Humiliation -- The sack and the cell -- Endurance -- Lu- ther's studies -- St Augustine -- Peter d'ailly -- Occam -- Gerson -- The chained Bible -- Lyra -- Hebrew and Greek -- Daily prayers -- Asceticism -- Mental struggles -- Luther during mass -- Useless observances -- Luther in a fainting- fit. p. 5, Para. 2, [1HR]. CHAPTER 4---page 181. --- Pious monks -- Staupitz -- His piety -- Visitation -- Conversations -- The grace of Christ -- Repentance -- Power of sin -- Sweetness of repentance -- Election -- Providence -- The Bible -- The aged monk -- Forgiveness of sins -- Ordination -- The dinner -- Festival of Corpus Christi -- Luther made professor at Wittemberg. p. 5, Para. 3, [1HR]. CHAPTER 5---page 194. --- The University of Wittemberg -- First instructions -- Biblical lectures -- Sensation -- Lu- ther preaches at Wittemberg -- The old chapel -- Impression produced by his sermons. p. 5, Para. 4, [1HR]. CHAPTER 6---page 199. --- Journey to Rome -- Convent on the Po -- Sickness at Bologna -- Recollections of Rome -- Julius II -- Superstitious Devotion -- Profanity of the Clergy -- Conversations -- Roman Scandals -- Biblical Stud- ies -- Pilate's Staircase -- Effects on Luther's Faith and on the Reformation -- Gate of Paradise -- Luther's Confes- sion. p. 5, Para. 5, [1HR]. CHAPTER 7---page 210. --- Luther returns to Wittemberg -- Made Doctor of Divinity -- Carlstadt -- Luther's Oath -- Principle of the Reformation -- Luther's courage -- Early views of reformation -- The schoolmen -- Spalatin -- Reuchlin's Quarrel with the monks. p. 5, Para. 6, [1HR]. CHAPTER 8---page 219. --- Faith -- Popular declamations -- Academic teaching -- Luther's purity oflife -- German the- ology or mysticism -- The monk Spenlein -- Justification by faith -- Luther on Erasmus -- Faith and works -- Erasmus -- Necessity of works -- Luther's charity. p. 5, Para. 7, [1HR]. CHAPTER 9---page 229. --- Luther's first theses -- The old Adam and grace -- Visitaton of the convents -- Luther at Dresden and Erfurth -- Tornator -- Peace and the cross -- Results of Luther's journey -- His labors -- The plague. p. 5, Para. 8, [1HR]. CHAPTER 10---page 234. --- The relics -- Relations of Lu- ther with the elector -- Advice to the chaplain -- Duke George -- His character -- Luther's sermon before the court -- Dinner at court -- Evening with Emser. p. 6, Para. 1, [1HR]. CHAPTER 11---page 240. --- Return to Wittemberg -- Theses -- Free will -- Nature of man -- Rationalism -- Proposal to the University at Erfurth -- Eck -- Urban Regius -- Lu- ther's modesty -- Effect of the theses. p. 6, Para. 2, [1HR]. BOOK 3 THE INDULGENCES AND THE THESES -- 1517 to May, 1518. p. 6, Para. 3, [1HR]. CHAPTER 1---page 249. --- Procession -- Tetzel -- Tetzel's sermon -- Confession -- Four graces -- Sale -- Public pen- ance -- Letter of indulgence -- Exceptions -- Amusements and dissipation. p. 6, Para. 4, [1HR]. CHAPTER 2---page 260. --- The Franciscan confessor -- The Soul in the burial-ground -- The shoemaker of Hagenau -- The students -- Myconius -- Conversation with Tetzel -- Trick of a nobleman -- Remarks of the wise and of the peo- ple -- A miner of Schneeberg. p. 6, Para. 5, [1HR]. CHAPTER 3---page 268. --- Leo X -- The Pope's necessities -- Albert -- His character -- Farming the indulgences -- Franciscans and Dominicans. p. 6, Para. 6, [1HR]. CHAPTER 4---page 272. --- Tetzel approaches -- Luther in the confessional -- Tetzel's anger -- Luther has no plan -- Jealousy on orders -- Luther's sermon -- The elector's dream. p. 6, Para. 7, [1HR]. CHAPTER 5---page 280. --- Festival of All-Saints -- Theses -- Their Strength -- Moderation -- Providence -- Letter to Albert -- Indifference of the Bishops -- Dissemination of the Theses. p. 6, Para. 8, [1HR]. CHAPTER 6---page 292. --- Reuchlin -- Erasmus -- Flek -- Bibra -- The emperor -- The pope -- Myconius -- The monks - - Apprehensions -- Adelman --