THIRD QUARTER 2012 N VOLUME 31 N NUMBER 3 Conference Edition
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Thermoforming
APPLICATION GUIDE: Thermoforming TIME REQUIRED COST SKILL LEVEL By Brian Sabart, Stratasys Inc. and Jeff Gangel, Formech International, Ltd. OVERVIEW Vacuum Forming Materials: Thermoforming is a relatively simple manufacturing process that is inexpensive when compared to other - ABS plastic molding and forming methods. Although thermoforming is often associated with manufacturing - Polyvinylchloride (PVC) of packaging items such as blister packs and disposable coffee cup lids, the cost and time advantages - Polycarbonate (PC) are realized in a broad spectrum of products in an equally broad range of industries. When using a Fortus - Polyethylene (PE) 3D Production System with FDM technology to construct thermoforming tooling, the process becomes - Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) simpler, more efficient and increasingly cost-effective. - High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) - Polypropylene (PP) - Polystyrene (PS) PROCESS DESCRIPTION - Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) Thermoforming is a collection of manufacturing methods that heat and form sheets of extruded plastic. - Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Thermoforming processes include drape, vacuum and pressure forming. - Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA) - Acrylic Drape forming relies on gravity to pull the sheet against the tool. Vacuum forming, as the name implies, - Closed Cell Foam Polyester (PBT, PET) draws the heated sheet against the tool with the assistance of a vacuum. Pressure forming combines - Polyester Copelymer (PETG) vacuum and pressure to simultaneously pull and push the plastic sheet to the contours of the tool. - Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) - Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) This process guide documents the steps for vacuum forming since it is the most common thermoforming - Thermoplastic Rubber (TPR) method. However, many of the details presented may also be applied to drape and pressure forming. -
M.ENGG. Syllabi
DEPARTMENT OF POLYMER AND PETROCHEMMICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER SYLLABI OF COURSES FOR M.ENGG. (POLYMER ENGINEERING) PROGRAMME NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, KARACHI-75270 PAKISTAN Compulsory and elective courses for M. Engg. (Polymer Engineering) Compulsory Courses: Credit hours PP-511: Mathematical Methods in Polymer Engineering 3 PP-512: Advanced Polymer Processing 3 PP-513: Polymer Reactor Engineering 3 PP-514: Rheology of Complex Fluids 3 PP-515: Polymer Structure-Property Relationships 3 Elective Courses: PP-525: Advanced Polymer Composites 3 PP-526: Fibre Technology 3 PP-527: Polymer Adhesives and Coatings 3 PP-528: Polymer Product Design 3 PP-529: Specialty and Functional Polymer Materials 3 PP-530: Rubber Technology 3 PP-532: Polymer Degradation, Stability and Recycling 3 PP-531: Polymer Characterization 3 ME-530: Project Management 3 PP-600: Independent Study project 6 PP-601: Dissertation 9 PP-401: Introduction to Polymeric Materials NC Compulsory Courses PP-511: Mathematical Methods in Polymer Engineering Linear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, inverse, rank, system of linear equations, symmetric, skew- symmetric and orthogonal matrices, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, unitary matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalisation of matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem. Vector Calculus: Gradient, divergence and curl, vector Identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems applications. Tensors: Tensor operations, vector operations using index notation, principal -
Food Packaging Technology
FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY Edited by RICHARD COLES Consultant in Food Packaging, London DEREK MCDOWELL Head of Supply and Packaging Division Loughry College, Northern Ireland and MARK J. KIRWAN Consultant in Packaging Technology London Blackwell Publishing © 2003 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered Editorial Offices: trademarks, and are used only for identification 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ and explanation, without intent to infringe. Tel: +44 (0) 1865 776868 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK First published 2003 Tel: +44 (0) 1865 791100 Blackwell Munksgaard, 1 Rosenørns Allè, Library of Congress Cataloging in P.O. Box 227, DK-1502 Copenhagen V, Publication Data Denmark A catalog record for this title is available Tel: +45 77 33 33 33 from the Library of Congress Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, British Library Cataloguing in Victoria 3053, Australia Publication Data Tel: +61 (0)3 9347 0300 A catalogue record for this title is available Blackwell Publishing, 10 rue Casimir from the British Library Delavigne, 75006 Paris, France ISBN 1–84127–221–3 Tel: +33 1 53 10 33 10 Originated as Sheffield Academic Press Published in the USA and Canada (only) by Set in 10.5/12pt Times CRC Press LLC by Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W. Pondicherry, India Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Printed and bound in Great Britain, Orders from the USA and Canada (only) to using acid-free paper by CRC Press LLC MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall USA and Canada only: For further information on ISBN 0–8493–9788–X Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: The right of the Author to be identified as the www.blackwellpublishing.com Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
Polyvinyl Chloride Molding Powder
Europa,schesP_ MM M II M M M MM MM M MM II J European Patent Office _ _ _ © Publication number: 0 273 766 B1 Office europeen* des.. brevets , © EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION © Date of publication of patent specification: 08.03.95 © Int. CI.6: C08K 13/02, C08L 27/06, //(C08K1 3/02,3:24,5:02) © Application number: 87311502.6 @ Date of filing: 29.12.87 © Polyvinyl chloride molding powder. © Priority: 29.12.86 JP 311269/86 Chuo-ku Osaka 541 (JP) @ Date of publication of application: 06.07.88 Bulletin 88/27 @ Inventor: Kobayashl, Masanorl 1- 17-9, Klyomldal © Publication of the grant of the patent: Kawachlnagano 08.03.95 Bulletin 95/10 Osaka-fu (JP) Inventor: Matsuura, Isao © Designated Contracting States: 4-5-5-303, Kamlhamuro BE DE FR GB IT NL Takatsuki Osaka-fu (JP) © References cited: Inventor: Wakatsukl, Aklra 2- 1-132, Kuwatacho CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 89, 10th July Ibarakl 1978, page 39, abstract no. 7120k, Columbus, Osaka-fu (JP) Ohio, US; & JP-A-78 16 750 Inventor: Shlda, Yu 1-9-1-208, Tamagawa CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 101, 26th No- Takatsuki vember 1984, page 47, abstract no. 1931 61 p, Osaka-fu (JP) Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-59 140 261 CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 104, 19th May © Representative: Geerlng, Keith Edwin et al 1986, page 46, abstract no. 169545h, Colum- REDDIE & GROSE 00 bus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-60 219 247 16 Theobalds Road CO London WC1X 8PL (GB) CO © Proprietor: SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY, iv LIMITED CO Kltahama 4-chome 5-33 IV CM Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. -
Packaging Technology
PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY KAZAKH NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN 19 - 30 OCT. 2015 by ROSNITA A. TALIB BSc (Food Sc & Tech), MSc. (Packaging Engineering) UPM PhD (Materials Engineering) Sheffield, UK. Department of Process and Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Universiti Putra Malaysia Email: [email protected] Course Outcomes Students are able to : 1. To describe the functions, basic packaging design elements and concepts 2. To analyse various types of packaging materials for use on appropriate food 3. To differentiate standard test methods for packaging quality control 4. Describe various types of packaging equipment in food industry References/Textbooks 1. Soroka, W. (2009) Fundamentals of Packaging Technology. Naperville. Instituue of Packaging Professionals. 2. Klimchuk, M.R. and Krasovec, S.A. (2006) Packaging Design Successful Product Branding from Concept to Shelf. Hoboken. John Wileys & Sons 3. Morris, S.A. (2010). Food Packaging Engineering. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing Professional. 4. Robertson, G.L. (2006). Food Packaging - Principles and Practice (2nd Edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press. 5. Kelsey, R.J. (2004). Handbook of Package Engineering (4th Edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Package vs Packaging - Simple examples of package: boxes on the grocer's shelf and wrapper on a candy bar. - The crate around a machine or a bulk container for chemicals. - Generically, package is any containment form. - Package (noun) is an object. A physical form that is intended to contain, protect/preserve; aid in safe, efficient transport and distribution; and finally act to inform and motivate a purchase decision on the part of a consumer. Package vs Packaging Packaging is Packaging also - Packaging is a verb, reflecting the ever-changing nature of the The development and production of medium. -
Plastics Guidebook Cover
PLASTICS INDUSTRY ENERGY BEST PRACTICE GUIDEBOOK Plastics Energy Best Practice Guidebook Provided By: Funding for this guidebook was provided by Focus on Energy. Focus on Energy, a statewide service, works with eligible Wisconsin residents and businesses to install cost-effective energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. We provide technical expertise, training and financial incentives to help implement innovative energy management projects. We place emphasis on helping implement projects that otherwise would not get completed, or to complete projects sooner than scheduled. Our efforts help Wisconsin residents and businesses manage rising energy costs, protect our environment and control the state’s growing demand for electricity and natural gas. With: Science Applications International Corporation Center for Plastic Processing Technology, UW-Platteville Envise, LLC CleanTech Partners, Inc. Tangram Technology Ltd. July 2006 Special thanks to the American Chemistry Council who provided printing and distribution through a grant by the U.S. Department of Energy, administered by CleanTech Partners, Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS FORWARD ………........................................................................................................ 3 Are you a World Class Energy User?............................................................... 3 What Others Say about the Guidebook............................................................ 3 Development of the Guidebook........................................................................ 4 -
Strategies to Support the Plastics Industry in North Central Massachusetts: a Report to the City of Leominster
UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Amherst Boston Dartmouth Lowell Worcester Strategies to Support the Plastics Industry in North Central Massachusetts: A Report to the City of Leominster University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute Strategies to Support the Plastics Industry in North Central Massachusetts: A Report to the City of Leominster A Project of the University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute, Middlesex House, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute Steven Landau Steven Ellis William Ennen University of Massachusetts at Lowell Robert Forrant March 2000 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Our work would not have been possible with out the support we received from Mayor Dean J. Mazzarella to conduct an independent investigation of how best to support the plastics industry. The authors gratefully acknowledge the "hands-on" support of the Leominster Office of Planning and Development, particularly Joseph Viola, Plastics Technology Coordinator, Mary Albertson, Director and Trevor M. Beauregard, Economic Development Coordinator. We especially want to thank Joe for the unstinting assistance he provided through the life of this project. As we began our work, we reached out to the North Central Chamber of Commerce and its Plastics Council. Todd Simkus and Dan Curley of the Chamber's staff provided critical assistance in allowing us to involve plastics companies directly in our research. Dan's assistance, working with Joe Viola, was essential in organizing the forums where we discussed the findings and recommendations that emerged from our research. We also want to thank Mark LaVoie for inviting us to meet with the Plastics Council when our effort was getting underway. Staff of the Donahue Institute, Carolyn Mailler, Rebecca Loveland, Ruth Malkin, James Palma, Jennifer Woods, Carlos Gonzales and Irma Bushati, stepped in at critical times with editorial assistance and research. -
Optimizing Thermoforming of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Trays by Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodologies
Optimizing Thermoforming of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Trays by Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodologies Vishal M. Dhagat Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, UConn Storrs, CT 06269-4157 [email protected] Ravindra Thamma Manufacturing & Construction Management, CCSU 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050 [email protected] Abstract The process of heating and reshaping plastics sheet and film materials has been in use since the beginning of the plastics industry better known as thermoforming. Today this process is very ubiquitous for industrial products including signage, housings, and hot tubs. It also produces much of the packaging in use today including blister packs, cartons, and food storage containers. The process of thermoforming has many advantages over other methods for producing high quality plastic products, with some limitations, which can be resolved by implementing stringent quality control using scientific methods to improve process performance. Two areas of interest in today’s industry of great concerns are lean manufacturing operations and environment. Thermoforming of high impact polystyrene sheets using vacuum forming technique requires technical knowledge on material behavior, mold type, mold material, and process variables. Research on these various subjects is well documented but very limited research is done in process optimization of HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene). Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches like the face-centered cubic central composite design can be used to refine the process and to minimize rejects. In this paper, we present a case study on thermoforming of HIPS single use trays made on a semi automatic machine using three criteria solely based on the FCC Design method. The optimization of tray forming and wall thickness distribution is explored. -
POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY and ENGINEERING June 1999 Aims and Scope
rJ 31 CY Ls dM F4 B cnY 0 cc z=8 OE 0 U POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING June 1999 Aims and Scope. The joumal Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering will provide a forum for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed, English lan- guage articles such as state-of-the-art reviews, full research papers, reports, notes/communications, and letters on all aspects of polymer and plastics tech- nology that are industrial, semi-commercial, and/or research oriented. Some ex- amples of the topics covered are specialty polymers (functional polymers, liq- uid crystalline polymers, conducting polymers, thermally stable polymers, and photoactive polymers), engineering polymers (polymer composites, polymer blends, fiber forming polymers, polymer membranes, pre-ceramics, and reac- tive processing), biomaterials (bio-polymers, biodegradable polymers, biomed- ical plastics), applications of polymers (construction plastics materials, elec- tronics and communications, leather and allied areas, surface coatings, packaging, and automobile), and other areas (non-solution based polymerization processes, biodegradable plastics, environmentally friendly polymers, recycling of plastics, advanced materials, polymer plastics degradation and stabilization, natural, synthetic and graft polymerskopolymers, macromolecular metal com- plexes, catalysts for producing ultra-narrow molecular weight distribution poly- mers, structure property relations, reactor design and catalyst technology for compositional control of polymers, advanced manufacturing techniques and equipment, plastics processing, testing and characterization, analytical tools for characterizing molecular properties and other timely subjects). Identification Statement. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering is pub- lished five times a year in the months of February, April, June, September, and November by Marcel Dekker, Inc., P.O. Box 5005, 185 Cimarron Road, Monti- cello, NY 12701-5185. -
Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN Rotomolding Fluoroplastic Resin
Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN Rotomolding Fluoroplastic Resin Product Information Description Processing Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN is a premium resin available only as For rotational molding, Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN powder is placed a free-flowing powder. Its most unique features, controlled inside a hollow metal structure that is slowly rotated biaxially particle size and size distribution, provide proper flow and and heated above the melting point of the powder. As the powder fusion behavior in rotational molding process. In addition, melts, it builds up on the inner surface of the structure. Powder Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN is chemically modified to yield enhanced flow and distribution are critical, because the high melt viscosity resin purity, lower extractable fluorides, and freedom from of Teflon™ PFA limits the lateral flow of melted resin. A cooling other foreign materials. Its surface smoothness is improved step then causes the molten resin to solidify and densify in place, by minimizing spherulite size, and its chemical permeability creating an integral lining or a removable, hollow plastic part. resistance is enhanced by increasing its crystallinity. This Good molding requires close attention to many details, such as product contains no additives and is designed for hostile choice of metals for the mold, preparation of the metal surface, chemical environments where purity in the parts-per-billion rate of rotation, venting, and heating/ cooling cycles. The equipment range is needed. must operate at high temperature and resist thermal shock. The properties of Teflon™ PFA 9738-JN in molded form are similar to other grades of Teflon™ PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) Safety Precautions fluoroplastic resin. -
Innovations in High Performance Polyaryletherketone Victrex Polymer Solutions – Product and Technology Overview
Innovations in High Performance Polyaryletherketone Victrex Polymer Solutions – Product and Technology Overview With over 30 years of focus and experience Victrex Polymer Solutions, a division of Victrex plc, is the world’s leading manufacturer of high performance polyaryletherketones, including VICTREX ® PEEK polymer. Demands for higher performing and more efficient products combined with an increasing rate of change driven by shorter product life cycles and product development timeframes requires companies to provide cost effective solutions to meet these challenges. Victrex provides a wide range of polyaryletherketone products, technical service and support to our customers and end users on a global basis to help them deliver innovative cost effective solutions to the market. Working together we identify material and technical solutions that meet the most difficult design challenges. Using our high performance materials can help to achieve weight reduction, enhanced energy efficiency, the ability to produce smaller yet more powerful and functional devices, an increase in application lifetime, enhanced performance, compliance with legislation and environmental regulations, and overall lower cost. aving the most diversified product range of all suppliers • VICTREX ® PEEK High Flow Polymers — Designed for Hof polyaryletherketone allows us to offer different injection molding thin-walled intricate parts; they can viscosities and a wide range of product modifications to be used unfilled or with the capability for high filler meet customer requirements. Victrex materials are used loadings, offering ease of processing, shorter cycle times, successfully in a wide range of applications. When compared and outstanding performance. The excellent weld line with other polymers such as LCPs, PPS, PEI, and polyimides strength compared to LCP and PPS enables use for PI and PAI, or polysulfones like PES, fluoropolymers PTFE, design of thin wall moldings and micro parts. -
Financial Costs of Plastics Marking" Was Launched by the Com- Mission of the European Communities (DG-XI) in February 1999
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