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Presentación Presentación El panorama naval latinoamericano prevé a futuro una significativa demanda para reemplazar fragatas y submarinos, en un marco en el que las grandes amenazas son el narcotráfico, la pesca ile- gal y, también en algunos casos, históricas fricciones vecinales. Es un proceso a largo plazo, en el que se van dando pasos y analizando opciones, adaptando muchas veces los requisitos iniciales a las realidades presupuestarias y que pasa por dar ventaja a las ofertas internacionales que aseguren la mayor transferencia tecnológica, incentivar la participación de la industria local y dar carga de tra- bajo a los grandes astilleros nacionales de la región. En Brasil, pese a los duros recortes aplicados a los presupuestos de Defensa, el año 2018 arran- ca con la adquisición del que fuera el buque insignia de la Royal Navy, el HMS Ocean, que será des- programado oficialmente en marzo de este año. La Marina Brasileña, que despedía el año 2017 fir- mando el contrato que da continuidad al programa del MANSUP (Misil Anti Navío Nacional de Superficie), ha publicado los criterios de la RFP (Request For Proposal) que, si nada falla en el cro- nograma previsto, dará paso en septiembre al anuncio del ganador para proveer las corbetas de la Clase Tamandaré, para lo que se exige un 40% de contratación local. Serán 4 buques, que deberán ser entregados en el plazo de 8 años desde el momento de la firma. Otra de las grandes marinas militares de América Latina, de la que cabría esperar importantes anuncios en 2018, es la argentina. La tragedia del submarino ARA San Juan es el revulsivo que cabe esperar para ir poniendo remedio, al fin, a la precaria situación que arrastra desde hace lustros su Armada y el Gobierno de Macri debería anunciar avances en ese sentido este año. Una crisis provo- cada por el establecimiento de aranceles extras en el suministro de biodiesel argentino hacia Francia, realizada por el Gobierno galo, fue inmediatamente respondido por el Presidente argentino con el congelamiento de las negociaciones que daban al astillero Naval Group como virtual ganador para proveer 4 buques del tipo OPV (Offshore Patrol Vessel). Se ha abierto así una licitación internacio- nal para la provisión de estos navíos, dando nuevamente oportunidades a otros astilleros para pre- sentar sus ofertas. Perú, Chile, México y la muy activa Colombia, con COTECMAR marcando la pauta, siguen dando pasos en los planes de modernización de sus plataformas y sistemas de armas que garanticen su poder naval. A este último capítulo dedicamos en estas páginas un apartado, así como a la impres- cindible protección de buques e instalaciones portuarias bajo el SVAP (Sistema de Vigilancia de Aguas Próximas), que aspira a convertirse en elemento clave de la seguridad. Al otro lado del Atlántico, en España, repasamos la actualidad del gran astillero nacional, Navantia, y de la crecien- te actividad exportadora de los fabricantes privados en este ámbito. Eva Cervera Directora ANUARIO DE LA DEFENSA NAVAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y ESPAÑA • 3 Contenidos 6 CARTAS PRESENTACIÓN. 10 PROGRAMAS NAVALES EN AMÉRICA LATINA. 16 ARMADA DE MÉXICO. 20 ARMADA DE ARGENTINA EN UN INTERROGANTE PERMANENTE. 24 LA MARINA DE GUERRA DEL PERÚ. PROGRAMAS DE RENOVACIÓN Y MODERNIZACIÓN. 26 LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS UNIDADES DE COMBATE DE LA ARMADA DE CHILE. 30 EXPAL, LÍDER EN ARTILLERÍA NAVAL DE GRAN CALIBRE. 34 PLANES DE MODERNIZACIÓN DE LA ARMADA DE COLOMBIA. 36 PROGRAMAS Y PLANES DE LA MARINA DE BRASIL. 40 ARMADA URUGUAYA. LA LARGA ESPERA. 42 LAS MÁS IMPORTANTES OPCIONES DE NAVANTIA EN IBEROAMÉRICA. 46 LA FLOTA DE SUBMARINOS EN IBEROAMÉRICA. 52 LÜRSSEN EN IBEROAMÉRICA. 54 EL SISTEMA DE VIGILANCIA DE AGUAS PRÓXIMAS. 58 SISTEMAS ASW DE SAES EN UNA MISIÓN DE INTELIGENCIA. 60 SISTEMAS DE ARMAS NAVALES. 66 EL S-80 PLUS PARA LA ARMADA ESPAÑOLA. 70 EL SECTOR NAVAL ESPAÑOL. GALICIA Y ASTURIAS COMO REFERENTE. 75 GRABYSUR. REFERENTE EUROPEO PARA SOLUCIONES HMI. 76 FICHA ARGENTINA. 81 FICHA BELICE. 82 FICHA BOLIVIA. 84 FICHA BRASIL. 92 FICHA CHILE. 96 FICHA COLOMBIA. 98 FICHA COSTA RICA. 99 FICHA CUBA 100 FICHA ECUADOR. 103 FICHA EL SALVADOR. 105 Puerto Príncipe nº 3-B - 1º A FICHA ESPAÑA. 28043 Madrid (España) Tels.: +34 91 382 19 45 / +34 91 382 19 46 112 FICHA GUATEMALA. E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.defensa.com 114 FICHA HONDURAS. www.edefa.com 116 FICHA MÉXICO. 120 FICHA NICARAGUA. Director: Eva Cervera 123 FICHA PANAMÁ. Adjunto a la Dirección: Olivia Illescas ([email protected]). [email protected] Producción: Luis Viñuelas ( ). Informática: 126 FICHA PARAGUAY. Martín Villaverde ([email protected]). Adminis tra ción y Distri bu ción: Manuel Cedillo ([email protected] / [email protected]). Desarrollo Internet: Álvaro Díaz 128 FICHA PERÚ. ([email protected]). 135 FICHA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA. Delegación Chile: VIA56 SA • Av. Providencia N° 187 • Comuna de Providencia • Tels.: +56 2 22306 137 FICHA URUGUAY. 9220 (Anexo 407) • e-mail: [email protected] Coordinador de Tecnología e Industria: José María 142 FICHA VENEZUELA. Navarro García. Producción: Grupo Edefa CORRESPONSALES Imprime: Monterreina Comunicación, S.L. Alejo Mar chessini (Perú), Roberto Sandoval (Santiago de Chile), Cristian Marambio (Valparaíso), Carlos Soto (Brasil), Javier Bonilla (Brasil), Luis Piñeiro (Argentina), Vincenzo E. Laganà (Italia), Jimmy Gálvez (Ecuador), Victor Manuel Saraiva Barreira (Portugal), Aldo Eyzaguirre (Bolivia), Iván Peña Depósito legal: M-5738-2008 (Venezuela), Erwan de Cherisey (México), Carlos Miguel Vanegas Luna (Colombia), Tomás Velázquez (Paraguay). ISSN: 1888-4695 REPRESENTACIONES ARGENTINA: José María Prieto ‐ Ciudad de La Paz, 2211 Piso 21 Dpto “A” ‐ (1428) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ‐ Argentina ‐ Tel.: +54 11 4786 4041 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] • ASIA (China, Vietnam, Corea, Malasia, Singapur, Tailandia, Japón, India, Indonesia y Filipinas): Asia Reps ‐ Yung Han Shen (Gerente General) ‐ A. Barros Errázuriz, 1954 ‐ Of. 706 ‐ Providencia (Santiago, Chile) ‐ Tel.: 562 38 11 777 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] • BRASIL y URUGUAY: Javier Eduardo Bonilla‐ Canelones, 791 ‐ Apto. 5 Florida ‐ Montevideo (Uruguay)‐ Tel.: (00598) 2903 1939 ‐ Tel. móvil: (0059) 9404 1659 • CHILE: VIA56 SA. ‐ c/ Monjitas, 527 ‐ Of. 812 ‐ Santiago (Chile) ‐ Tel.: 562 465 4201 ‐ Fax: 562 465 4202 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] • ISRAEL: Intermedia ‐ 242 Barkanit st. Maccabim (Israel) ‐ Tel.: 08 9700785 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] • PERÚ: Alejo Marchessini ‐ c/ Caracas, 2502 (alto) ‐ Jesús María (Lima, Perú) ‐ Tel.: 511 460 6447 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] • PORTUGAL: Victor Manuel Saraiva Barreira ‐ PADU ‐ Publishing & Advisement ‐ Tel.: 351 966 804 505 ‐ E‐mail: [email protected] / Precio para Canarias, Ceuta y Melilla: 15,20 € sin IVA [email protected] • REINO UNIDO, ESTADOS UNIDOS, ESCANDINAVIA y FINLANDIA: David Harrison ‐ 23 Princes Avenue ‐ Petts Wood Kent BR5 1QP UK ‐Tel.: +44 (0) 1689 837 447 ‐ Tel. móvil: +44 (0) 7768 892 869 ‐ E‐ incluyendo gastos de transporte. mail: [email protected] • RUSIA y CEI: Laguk Co. ‐ Krasnokholmskaya Nab., 11/15, app. 132 ‐ Moscow, 115172 (Rusia) ‐ Tel.: +7 495 912 1346 / 911 2762 ‐ Fax: +7 495 912 1260 ‐ E‐mail: ylarm‐lml@mtu‐net.ru 4 • ANUARIO DE LA DEFENSA NAVAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y ESPAÑA 6 • ANUARIO DE LA DEFENSA NAVAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y ESPAÑA ANUARIO DE LA DEFENSA NAVAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y ESPAÑA • 7 Las 3 fragatas del Tipo 23 son hoy las más avanzadas unidades a flote de la región. Ejemplares usados podrían eventualmente reforzar la Escuadra de la Armada de Chile. Programas navales en América Latina CRISTIÁN MARAMBIO CORRESPONSAL DE GRUPO EDEFA EN VALPARAÍSO Bajos crecimientos, inestabilidad económica y una seguidilla de problemas políticos y de al narcotráfico. Las fragatas ligeras de corrupción son parte del escenario que afecta la región. Todos los factores, de una u otra construcción alemana FS1500, dotadas de misiles MM40 y la capacidad de portar forma, han repercutido en alguna medida los programas de modernización de las fuerzas helicópteros ligeros, fueron modernizadas de armadas regionales y en gran medida los procesos de reemplazo de unidades navales. forma significativa con nuevos radares, sistemas ESM y CMS y artillería OTO Melara Strales, capaz de emplear munición La mayoría de los países de la región DIANCA. Situación similar ocurre con los 2 guiada. De particular interés es el reemplazo aspira a una componente naval disuasiva y submarinos de la Clase 209, de los cuales de sus misiles Exocet con los surcoreanos mantiene, al menos en papel, aspiraciones sólo 1 ha sido puesto a punto en ese astillero, SSM-700K Haeseong, recuperando una oceánicas. Pese a que la histórica carrera A, B con resultados muy poco exitosos. Un notable capacidad de guerra de superficie. y C (Argentina, Brasil y Chile) quedó en el ambicioso programa de adquisiciones en pasado, cada uno de estos estados ha seguido España incorporó una serie de OPV (Offshore A los 2 submarinos de la Clase 209 aproximaciones propias, en algunos casos con Patrol Vessel) armados, mientras que modernizados de forma profunda con apoyo resultados inadecuados, en parte también numerosas adquisiciones en la República de proveedores alemanes se han sumado 2 debido a las nuevas percepciones de amenaza, Popular China han potenciado notablemente a unidades de la 206A de segunda mano. entre ellas el narcotráfico, la pesca ilegal y la Infantería de Marina en su material Cascos, originalmente alemanes, fueron también en algunos casos el cese de históricas mecanizado. Recientes declaraciones del completamente
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