“The most important Roundtable, in the most important small town, at the most important battlefield, in the most important country in the world.”– Joe Mieczkowski, past president

“Butler is branded a OFFICERS AND SUPPORT felon, an outlaw, an Kendra Debany...... 717.334.6375 enemy of Mankind, President...... [email protected] and so ordered that in Roger Heller...... 717.398.2072 the event of his capture, Vice President...... [email protected] the officer in command Lynn Heller...... 717.398.2072 of the capturing force Secretary...... [email protected] do cause him to be im- mediately executed Linda Seamon...... 717.359.7339 by hanging.” Membership Secretary...... [email protected] JoyceAnn Deal...... 717.338.1892 – Jefferson Davis Treasurer...... jdeal@.k12.pa.us on hearing of Butler’s General Dave Joswick...... 717.877.3975 JULY/AUGUST 2014 Newsletter...... [email protected] The Order against the women of New Linda Joswick...... 717.253.5477 Orleans. Webmaster...... [email protected] BOARD MEMBERS Hilda Koontz, Larry Korczyk, Dale Molina, Larry Plymire, Ron Rock, Don Sangirardi, and Cindy King (past President) A bimonthly publication of the Civil War Roundtable of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Visit us online at www.cwrtgettysburg.org ImpendingActions AUGUST 28TH Information and details about upcoming Hancock’s Defense Gettysburg Roundtable presentations. n July 2013, we rallied on to discuss various ele- TH Iments of the Confederate perspective on the attack best known JULY 24 as “Pickett’s Charge.” This time we will view that grand event from the Union perspective. It’s high time we give “Hancock’s Defense” Private Evening With The Painting its due! After all, when was asked why his grand oin the Gettysburg assault failed, he astutely noted that he always believed that the JFoundation’s Sue did have something to do with it! Boardman, Licensed For this field program, please park in the old Park- Battlefield Guide and ing Lot—now designated as National Cemetery Parking Lot author/historian, South—and gather at the monument. After an orienta- on the platform for tion around the flagpole—along with a bit of insight on why all an exclusive private of those I monuments sit around the “after-hours” pro- edges of the parking area—we will begin gram. Visitors will our walk down the west side of Hancock explore the history of the genre of and in particular Avenue along the line of Brigadier General the history of the Cyclorama. Presentation will Alexander Hays’ division of Hancock’s II include a discussion of the massive multi-year conservation effort Corps, proceed south towards , of our country’s largest painting. The painting concludes with ex- and continue down the line of Brigadier tended time on the platform to view the painting in full light and General ’s II Corps division. a journey under the diorama to see how the illusion comes to life. We will then explore the positions of the Cameras are permitted during this program only. units on Gibbon’s left and explain This fascinating evening will run from their role in the repulse of the Confeder- 6:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. at the Gettysburg ate attack. As we circle back to the parking National Military Park Museum and Visi- area, we will focus on the monuments on tor Center, 1195 Pike. You must the east side of Hancock Avenue that mostly—but not always!— pre-register for this event before July 8th. represent units sent in to reinforce the regiments that took the brunt of the Southern assault. We will end our walk back near the Sue Boardman is the Leadership Program Associate parking area. This will be a long but easy walk, with a lot of inter- Director, LBG, and Research Historian for the Gettys- esting stories along the way. burg Cyclorama Conservation Project. Sue is a native of Danville, PA. She graduated with Carol Reardon is the George Winfree Professor of Ameri- honors from Geisinger Medical Center School of Nurs- can History and Scholar-in-Residence of the George and ing and Pennsylvania State University. Sue worked Ann Richards Civil War Era Center at Penn State Univer- as an emergency department nurse for 23 years. In sity. She also has served as a visiting professor of military 2000, she became a Licensed Battlefield Guide and received the Superintendent’s history at the Military Academy at West Point and the U.S. See Painting continued on page 8 Army War College. She recently con- cluded a four-year term as the presi- From September to May, we meet on the fourth Thursday of the month at the GAR dent of the Society for Military His- Building, 53 East Middle Street. Light refreshments and conversation starting at 7:00 PM., tory. Now a resident of Gettysburg, and the featured program beginning at 7:30 PM. she is the author of a number of Our June, July, and August summer meetings are in the field starting at 6:00 PM, with the books and articles on the Civil meeting location announced in the bi-monthly newsletter and on the roundtable website: War and other topics in military www.cwrtgettysburg.org. history. This field program is based largely on her award- Whenever treacherous weather is predicted, the CWRT President and Vice President shall determine by noon on that day whether the program should be cancelled or not. An- winning Pickett’s Charge in History and Memory nouncements will be made on WGTY 107.7 FM and ESPN Radio 1320 AM. (1997) and on her most recent book, coauthored with The next scheduled board meeting begins at 6:30 PM on Thursday, July 17, 2014 at the Licensed Battlefield Guide Tom Vossler,A Field Guide to Avenue Restaurant. Gettysburg, just made available to the public in June 2013. 2 issues for our July meeting, as we will be It’s hard to believe it’s already been one year enjoying “An Evening with the Painting” since the 150th Anniversary of the Battle of Get- at the Cyclorama and Visitor’s Center. If tysburg. Happy 151st! you haven’t already done so, don’t forget I just wanted to remind you all of a few things from the to pre-register for this event! now that we are out in the field again for our For our August program we will be summer programs. Our meetings start at 6:00 welcoming back Carol Reardon who will p.m. at different locations around the battlefield. be presenting her program on Hancock’s If the weather looks inclement at our scheduled by Kendra Debany Defense. We will be meeting at the old Cy- meeting time we will be moving the program in- clorama parking lot and gathering at the doors to the G.A.R. Hall. We will move the pro- Maryland monument. gram indoors not only if there are thunderstorms/rain in the area, but also if the temperature is excessively hot and I hope you all are having a wonderful summer humid on the day of our program. so far! See you out on the field! We won’t have to worry about either of these weather-related Kendra

moral high ground. In would have “to prove that the until the “Lost Cause” gathered the post war, these posi- Army of Northern had, momentum, Lee was seen as a tions hardened as South- in the end, faced insurmount- very polarizing figure. Outside erners, aided by Copper- able odds”. So he encouraged the South, except to many Cop- head Northerners, made his subordinates to sound that perheads in the North, he was common cause against trumpet relentlessly. Of course, perceived as an arch traitor. Republicans in the North unsaid was the fact that in all Incredulous at the eagerness as to how the Southern his previous battles with over- of some to “canonize” Lee as a states would re-enter the matched Union commanders, “household god,” one Colorado Union and what would Lee was always at a numeri- paper sternly reminded its read- Appomattox – Victory, Defeat, and be the status, and rights, cal disadvantage but secured ers that Lee had “openly and of freedmen in those states. victories nonetheless. Then he wantonly violated a solemn Freedom at the End of the Civil War Consequently, from what was confronted Grant, who applied oath to protect and defend his By Elizabeth R. Varon expected to be a moment of constant attacking pressure country.” In the eyes of Lee’s de- healing, an ideological donny- on Lee’s Army in the Overland tractors, he had done nothing Reviewed by Pat Fairbairn brook ensued. Campaign, and then proceeded since the surrender to earn the While Southerners knew they to outmaneuver him and drive trust of the North. We can expect to see any his battered Army into a siege number of books about Ap- must accept the war was over In a supremely ironic side- and had lost it, the North must situation from which Lee could bar, Varon relates that when pomattox as we approach the not extract it except by a fran- 150th anniversary of that iconic ask nothing more of them. And Lee’s Army of about 27,000 it certainly must not ask them tic attempt to run away from men was surrounded by 60,000 event. Professor Varon’s book is Grant. Yet the “overwhelming one of the first and it’s an excel- to abandon a white supremacist Union troops at Appomattox, society nor to accept civil rights numbers” narrative gained cur- their way forward was blocked lent one. She begins by stating rency and exaggerated to the that Appomattox is a myth in for blacks or any- by General Gibbon’s 24th Army thing beyond the point where Southern news- Corps that included six regi- the sense that its’ meaning has papers and diarists never been fully understood; abolishment of ments of the USCT (the 8th, slavery. were saying Lee’s 41st, 45th, 29th, 31st, and 116th) that while Grant & Lee set their mere force of 8,000 names to the same document, After sign- No soldiers took greater pride in men were holding the surrender than these African they each had very different ing the sur- their own against visions of the peace that it en- render docu- Americans. They were some of Grants 200,000 man the infantry that blocked Lee’s tailed. ment, Lee army at Appomattox! returned escape route and convinced Lee Varon contends that for As Varon observes, the of the hopelessness of a break- Grant, the Union victory was to his valor of the ANV could headquar- out. When they heard of Lee’s one of right over wrong. That not be allowed to be surrender, these black troops he believed his magnanim- ters to tainted either. Privately, write the danced, sang, and “embraced ity vindicated free society and Lee, in the face of rising each other with exuberant joy”. the Union’s way of war. That Farewell desertions , was writing Address to General Foster praised these Grant’s eyes were on the future President Davis decrying 2,000 black soldiers for driving — a future in which Southern- his troops, the signature the failing “fighting spirit” feature of which was the phrase back the rebel flank attack and ers, chastened and repentant, of his men. Publicly, in his for “being among those who would join their Northern breth- that his army “has been com- farewell, that message had to pelled to yield to overwhelm- struck the last blow against the ren in the march towards moral be silenced. The truth is that Army of Northern Virginia.” and material progress. Lee, ing numbers and resources”. in the aftermath of his flight If you’ve ever wondered when Professor Varon relates that by contrast, believed that the from Petersburg, his army was African Americans commemo- Union victory was one of might the 1st shot was fired in “The demoralized and disintegrat- Lost Cause”, a good case can be rated Appomattox for decades over right. In his view, South- ing through desertions and the after the war. In fact, she says erners had nothing to repent made that it was in that docu- punishing attacks of the Union ment. that in interviews with former of and had survived the war army. But Lee could not admit Virginia slaves long after the with their honor and principles “Overwhelming numbers” that; instead, he would demand war many said that it was only intact. That Lee was intent on became an overreaching theme of himself and his lieutenants when “General Lee surrendered restoration — a rewinding of in the post war years as Lee strict fealty to the “overwhelm- that most of the Negroes knew the clock to the days when Vir- sought to preserve his place in ing numbers and resources” they were truly free and that the ginia led the nation and before history and to dispel any notion interpretation of Confederate war was really over.” extremism alienated the North that Grant was the superior gen- defeat. At the end of her book, Varon from the South. Each man be- eral. In order to establish the Following war’s end, and lieved that he alone held the rightness of the surrender, Lee See Book Chat continued on page 8 3

APR Meeting

CandidsPhotos by Lynn Heller

Encounters With History – Gettysburg Foundation Seminar Our war, our constitution – significant constitutional & legal issues arising from the Date...... August 16 Registration deadline...... August 1 Presenter...... LBG John Fitzpatrick Cost...... Gbg. Foundation members: $80; non-members: $105 A full day indoor program held in the Valentine Hall classroom. Lunch and a continental breakfast are provided as part of the reg- istration fee. Spring field trip The United States Constitution and the laws enacted under it govern, impact, and protect us all. Its meaning and interpretation were stretched and tested greatly during the American Civil War. Did the South have the right to secede (perpetual union or volun- to Cedar Creek tary compact)? Was the American Civil War a war (can the presi- dent blockade the ports of his own country)? What right did Presi- dent Lincoln have to order or allow the arrest, without charge of thousands of American citizens (suspension of the “Great Writ”)? Did the United States have a claim against Great Britain under in- ternational law, for her role in support, directly or indirectly, of the Confederacy such as the Seaborne Blockade Runners, Raiders and rams originating there (treaty/arbitration)? How were all these is- sues ultimately resolved – the president, the congress, the Supreme Court, an International Tribunal? In the final module, which describes Claims the U.S. had against Great Britain after the Civil War, Arbitration will be discussed. As practical pointer, John is also an Arbitrator who arbitrates and decides many types of cases, including Securities cases between investors and their Brokers, Financial Advisors, Investment Firms, etc. Fhat process, potentially applicable to all investors in the U.S. market, will be described. Join Licensed Battlefield Guide John Fitzpatrick, also an attor- ney and arbitrator, for a lecture and discussion of these important issues – important then and relevant today. More photos on pages 6 & 7 4 of the Monocacy & emancipation in Maryland. Military, medi- cal & civilians welcome. Demonstrations, artillery, children’s ac- tivities, manor tours, Sunday church service. $3 admission. For information 301-600-1650; www.rosehillmuseum.com. July 19-20, Westminster, MD. Living History. Civil War En- campment & Living History at Union Mills Homestead. Living history, infantry & artillery drills. Hosted by Union Mills Home- stead Foundation, Inc. For information [email protected]; www.unionmills.org. July 19-20, Gettysburg. Living History. Soldiers of the Civil War tuff living history event at the Daniel Lady Farm. $10 donation over S to do age 16. Proceeds benefit American Living History Education Cen- ter being developed at the farm for students. For information, in the area Kirk Davis 717-388-1776, [email protected]. July 19 & 26, Gettysburg. Seminar. Friends of Gettysburg Ad- JULY ams Seminar When Yankees Attack: Rare Offensive actions by the July 4-6, Gettysburg. Reenactment. Annual Gettysburg Civil Union at Gettysburg with Licensed Battlefield Guide Ralph Sie- War Battle Reenactment, Pumping Station Road, Gettysburg. gel. Half day each lecture, tour. $95 nonmembers, registration Dailly balltes with pyrotechnics, living history; Saturday dance deadline July 4. Seminar repeated on July 26. For information, with 2nd South Carolina String Band. Civilian camps for mili- www.friendsofgettysburg.org. tary dependents, living history village, activities tents. Bounty for horses cannons. Registration for walk-on $25. Sponsored by AUGUST Gettysburg Anniversary Committee. For information, registra- August 2, Frederick, MD. 150th Program. A tion, [email protected]; www.gettysburgreenactment.com; PO 150th program at the Thomas House, Monocacy National Bat- Box 3482, Gettysburg, PA 17325 tlefield. Space is limited, registration opens July 2 for program July 5, Gettysburg. Living History. Voices of the Confederacy at on August 5, 1864 meeting of Gen. Grant and his generals at General Lee’s Headquarters, 9-3. Southern history from Southern Thomas House that changed the war’s course. For information, perspective, military & civilian portrayals, shooting demonstra- registration, 301-662-3515; www.nps.gov/mono. tions. Free. For information 717-334-3141. August 2, Frederick, MD. Talk. Navel Surgeons in the Civil War July 5, Gettysburg. Living History. Living History at Black talk by Don Fisher, National Museum of Civil War Medicine, 2 Horse Tavern which was part of the Francis Bream Farm, Gettys- p.m. Call 301-695-1864 ext. 1013; [email protected]; burg, 10-3. Telling the tavern’s role during the battle and month www.CivilWarMed.org. after. Free. For information, [email protected]. August 2, Gettysburg. Living History. Voices of the Confederacy July 5, Gettysburg. Living History. Confederates Take the Shriv- at General Lee’s Headquarters, 9-3. Southern history from South- er House recreation of 1863 sharpshooter action at the Shriv- ern perspective, military & civilian portrayals, shooting demon- er House Museum, 5-9 p.m. For information 717-337-2800; strations. Free. For information 717-334-3141. www.shriverhouse.org. August 2-3, Sharpsburg, MD. Living History. Signal Corps July 5-11, Frederick, MD. 150th Monocacy. 150th Battle of Weekend at Pry House Field Hospital Museum, Antietam Na- Monocacy commemoration at Monocacy National Battlefield. tional Battlefield, 11-5. U.S. Army 114th Signal Corps encamp- Living history encampments, military demonstrations, hikes, ment, demonstrations including modern U.S. Army 114th Signal programs, concerts, guest speakers throughout battlefield. Spe- Battalion. Suggested donation $5. For information, 301-695-1864 cial museum exhibit Honoring Heroism featuring Library of ext.1013, [email protected]; www.CivilWarMed.org. Congress map by Jedediah Hotchkiss. For information, 301-662- August 15-16, Gettysburg. Music Muster. The Aftermath de- 3515; www.nps.gov/mono. piction of the devastation after the Battle of Gettysburg at Daniel July 7-12, Middletown, MD. 150th Middletown. The Ransom Lady Farm. Hospital demonstrations, ladies aid societies, offi- of Middletown 150th Commemoration in Historic Middletown. cers from both sides, skirmish demonstrations. For information, Free Monday 7 p.m. Heart of the Civil War documentary. Wednes- Harry Sonntag, Civil War Historical Impressions 267-760-5716; day preview of Civil War Experience Exhibit with ransom note [email protected]. ordered by Gen. & talks by Dennis Frye, Steve Bock- August 15-17, Gettysburg. Living History. 19th Annual Civil miller. Saturday ransom reenactment, living history, demonstra- War Music Muster at Gettysburg National Military Park Museum tions, tours, kid activities, music, evening Taste of the Town ticketed & Visitor Center & Dobbin House Courtyard, evening concert at event. For information, tickets, www.CivilWarMiddletownMd.com. Pennsylvania Memorial. Free. For information, 717-334-1124 July 11-13, Willliamsport, MD. Reenactment. The 5th An- ext. 3251; www.nps.org/gett. nual Retreat Through Williamsport with focus on events during August 22-24, Manassas, VA. Civil War Weekend. Manassas Lee’s . Reenactments. speakers, demon- Civil War Weekend in Old Town Manassas & nearby historic strations, battles, book signing, barn dance, music. Bounties for Liberia Plantation. Living History, exhibits, lectures, period artillery, cavalry, specialty groups, large infantry companies. baseball, tours. Free. For information, 703-368-1873; Registration $10, $15 walk-on. For information 301-573-7364; www.manassasmuseum.org. www.williamsportretreat.com. July 12-13, Frederick, MD. 150th Emancipation. 150th Commemoration of Maryland Emancipation at Monocacy National Battlefield. United States Colored Troops, living his- Time doesn’t always fly tory demonstrations, concerts, archeology programs, Honoring No one is sure of the exact number of brevet promotions made Heroism museum exhibit, talks. For information 301-662-3515; by Congress in the aftermath of the Civil War. In some respects, the www.nps.gov/mono. most unusual of hundreds was that of Col. William M. Graham. July 12-13, Frederick, MD. Living History. 10th Annual Civil He got that brevet on March 13, 1865 as a reward for valiant War Encampment at Rose Hill Manor Park where US & CS troops service in leading a regiment of infantry at Molino del Rey, Mexi- camped. Saturday 10-4, Sunday 10-3. Highlighting 1864 Battle co, on September 8, 1847! 5 New video series puts viewers at Let’s get the epicenter of historical events The Civil War Trust, the nation’s largest nonprofit battlefield preservation organization, is pleased to announce the latest break- acquainted through in digital historical interpretation and education — an on- going web series designed to move past lists of names and dates, en- with Kendra Debany couraging viewers to analyze the broader impact of historical events. At the suggestion of Lynn Heller, and be- The War Department™ Video Series approaches subjects not only from ginning with this issue of The Angle, will the question of what happened, but why it happened and why it mat- be a new column dedicated to meeting the tered, prompting deeper critical thinking about past events. A trailer members of our Roundtable. Lynn has pre- for the project, introducing this engaging new concept and offering a pared a small questionnaire and at future glimpse of the techniques and topics to be explored is now available Roundtable meetings she will be asking members if they would like to participate. on the Trust’s website and through its social media channels. As it’s always good to put a face with a name, she will also ask for your photo- graph or she will take one of you herself. We encourage you to participate and Each episode in the web-based video series will see expert histori- hope you enjoy learning more about the folks who, like yourself, share a common ans, educators, military veterans and enthusiasts debate, discuss and interest in the Civil War. – Ed. analyze a particular aspect of Civil War history. Where do you currently live and where did you grow up? Visit www.civilwar.org/wardepartment to watch the project’s ex- Gettysburg, PA. Allenstown, NH citing trailer, designed to preview the engaging and dynamic tech- What brought you to this area? niques already familiar to many television and web entertainment viewers, but not typically applied to historical content. Future epi- The battle, of course! It started when we lived in NH and vis- sodes and shorts will be posted at regular intervals, together with links ited here often. Then we moved to Fredericksburg, VA and kept to topically relevant material elsewhere on the Trust website. coming here on weekends. It was so depressing to leave, so we ended up buying our farm on Plum Run, south of . Nonie Kennell, of Gettysburg, presents Do you have any hobbies? Reading, genealogy, exercising, needlepoint, metal detecting, two artifacts to Ed Clark, Superintendent researching, and writing history. of Eisenhower National Historic Site What would you like us to know about your career? I worked for years as a Staff Accountant and then decided to get my Master’s Degree in Military History (concentration in Civil War Studies). When we moved to Gettysburg I fell in love with researching the history of my home and couldn’t believe all of the interesting information I was able to find. I wanted to be able to provide this service to others so I started a business doing house history research. I’m always amazed at what I find! What got you interested in the Civil War? I was around 12 years old when “the (Civil War) bug” hit. I bought a lot of books and read everything I could find on the war. I re- member when Ken Burns’ series came out on PBS (I was 15 or 16 then) I watched it over and over again. I couldn’t get enough of it! Are you involved in any other Civil War activities? Volunteer? Groups? Presenter? In addition to being President of the Gettysburg Civil War Round- table, I am also on the Roundtable’s Book Award Committee and Plaque Committee. I am a member of the New Hampshire Histori- cal Society, Cumberland Township Historical Society, The Civil War Trust, and HGAC (Historic Gettysburg Adams County). For HGAC I am a McAllister Mill Site Tour Guide and I am also on their Barn Preservation Committee. A few times per year I give house histories tours and do presentations on battle-related/local-related Two recent donations to Eisenhower National Historic Site reflect topics. President Eisenhower’s hobbies of golf and oil painting. It was Art Kennell’s wish that a set of Eisenhower’s golf clubs and an oil paint- Tell us about your family. ing by the president of the Eisenhower home and putting green be Most of my family lives back in New Hampshire so I try to visit a donated to the site. When Art was in charge of maintenance at the Gettysburg Country Club, the United States Secret Service needed few times a year. My husband, Walter, and I have been married someone that could caddie for the president on short notice. Ken- for fourteen years. We live on the Civil War Farm of Samuel Foulk, nell got the job and, later, these gifts. He also assisted with the along Plum Run, about a half mile south of Big Round Top. We live maintenance of Eisenhower’s putting green at the farm. with our fur and feather family….nine indoor-only (spoiled rotten!) cats, two barn cats, and forty free-range chickens. We also have a koi pond with fish and baby turtles, frogs, and sometimes snakes. What else would you like the members to know about you? Got e-mail? Some things you may not know about me…I LOVE all wildlife. I’ve Want to receive your newsletter ahead of traditional mail delivery, had a past-life regression. I am somewhat ambidextrous (not very and enjoy it in full color? Then join the growing list of members good at left-handed writing though!). I have visited nearly all of who already receive their newsletter via e-mail. Simply send your the Civil War battlefields, even Valverde, New Mexico! (the Atlanta e-mail address to Roundtable Treasurer JoyceAnn Deal: jdeal@ gettysburg.k12.pa.us, and the next issue will be sent right to your Campaign, Pea Ridge, and a couple of others are still on the list!), computer on or around September 1, 2014. I was very shy growing up and absolutely hated public speaking. 6

hour; and the close attention given to the public buildings, except the Pub- As reported... him during the delivery showed that lic School house, Jail and Railroad his bearers fully appreciated his bril- buildings, which were of iron. liant discourse. We expect to see the The Rebels left town about 1 Address published shortly, and will o’clock, p.m., going southwest - tak- therefore not attempt to give a syn- ing Gen. McCausland with them, 1864 opsis of it. The several parts of the drunk. Gen. Averill, who had been GETTYSBURG exercises were interspersed with fine for a day within 8 miles of Cham- vocal music by a select choir from bersburg, with his forces, entered the Excerpts of interest as printed in Gettysburg newspapers of the time. Gettysburg, and also with instrumen- town at 3 o’clock, pursued them, and Compiled by Kendra Debany tal music by the Chambersburg Band captured several prisoners. His men – both of which acquitted themselves were much fatigued, it is said, and with credit. therefore could not pursue far. It ap- Anniversary of the breastworks thrown up by our Army After these exercises the people pears very mysterious, however, that one year ago. Battle of Gettysburg were invited to a table near by, to par- he, with a force of 3,000 men, should On arriving at the ground, David take of a dinner prepared by the Com- remain for a day and a night within “The undersigned having been Wills, Esq., called the meeting to or- mittee of Arrangement. 8 miles of Chambersburg, and allow appointed a committee for the pur- der, and announced that the Commit- After the dinner the crowd formed 5 or 600 men to sack and burn that pose of making arrangements for the tee of Arrangements had invited his into groups throughout the woods beautiful town. It needs explanation. celebration of the first anniversary of Excellency A. G. Curtin, Governor and spent the rest of the day socially. The Rebel fiends, of course, got safe- the battle of Gettysburg, as part of of Pennsylvania, to be present and Nothing occurred to mar the pleasures ly across the Potomac. the duty assigned them hereby ten- preside, and make the opening speech of the celebration, but much anxiety The cruelties and barbarities of der an invitation to all the charitable at this First Anniversary, and that the was manifested on account of the ru- the Savages were heart sickening; and benevolent societies, and me- Governor had accepted the invita- mors of the approach of the Rebels.” and we do hope a fearful retribution chanical and industrial associations, tion, and left Harrisburg on Saturday may yet reach them. There are sev- and the citizens generally, of all the Star and Sentinel afternoon, and came to York Springs; eral instances recorded, of female en- loyal States, to meet at Gettysburg on July 5, 1864 that late on Sunday night a messenger ergy and bold defiance, which show the 4th of July next, and participate was dispatched from Carlisle to him the determined action of patriotic in an appropriate celebration on the with a telegram that the Rebels were women who stood out in defense of battlefield, of the first anniversary of A Fiendish Act! threatening an invasion of Cumber- their houses and firesides, when the the great victory of Gettysburg. His land Valley; and that the Governor, Chambersburg savage incendiary was applying his Excellency A. G. Curtin, Governor very properly, and with commendable torch. One Rebel Major, we under- of Pennsylvania, will preside at this vigilance, at three o’clock yesterday Destroyed By stand, was taken, and also another anniversary. The ceremonies are ex- morning, started back to Harrisburg, soldier who was among the fiendish pected to be of a most interesting and the Rebels! to be at this post ready for any emer- crew. They were promptly sent to imposing character.” “On Saturday morning last, at 6 gency that might arise. Mr. Wills then their doom, as such wretches should o’clock, a.m., a force of Rebels, under Star and Sentinel read the following letter, which he be. We shall have probably more Gen. McCausland, numbering from June 28, 1864 had received from the Governor by a particulars hereafter of the terrible 4 to 600, entered Chambersburg, special messenger: calamity.” My Dear Sir, – You notice by and immediately made a demand Fourth of July the enclosed dispatch that I on the town for $100,000 in gold or To the Citizens of Adams County “The first anniversary of the must return to Harrisburg, al- $500,000 in U. S. Notes, accompa- “The terrible calamities inflicted Battle of Gettysburg was celebrated though I feel assured there is nied by a threat to burn the town in upon the citizens of Chambersburg yesterday, being also the Anniversary not any reason to apprehend three hours unless the demand was by a savage and inhuman enemy, of our National Independence, with a an invasion of the State. I re- complied with. They at once com- appeal most eloquently to your sym- spirit and display worthy of the oc- gret that I must return with- menced to plunder, and at 8 o’clock pathies. Humanity and pity plead for casion. The morning was ushered in out reaching Gettysburg, as I (after an hour) fired the buildings their relief, as they, with their wives with the ringing of all the bells on looked forward to the celebra- – commencing with the Town Hall, and little ones, sit among the smol- the public buildings in the Borough, tion of the Anniversary of our Franklin House, Court-house, & c. dering ruins of their dwellings, with and firing of cannon on Cemetery Independence on the Field and proceeding to fire dwellings, & c., their furniture and every article of Hill, besides the usual performances of Battle as an event of life. until the whole central portion of the comfort or necessity destroyed by of Young America. The citizens of Yours, truly, A. G. Curtin, York town was consumed – embracing the the remorseless flames, lit by a more the County soon began to come into Springs, PA, July 4th, 1864. whole area from Presbyterian church cruel and remorseless foe. town from every section, and also It was a disappointment to many in the North to the German Reformed Let the different villages and large numbers of strangers from oth- that the Governor was thus necessitat- church in the South, we cannot say neighborhoods unite and contribute, er Counties – so that when the hour ed to be absent. After a most impres- how many squares, and from the Rail- either in articles of food or clothing, of 9 o’clock had arrived for forming sive prayer by Rev. H. L. Baugher, D. road east to Jos. Chambers’ south, 5 or house utensils, or money…” the procession, a large number of D., the Declaration of Independence squares; also other dwellings and Star and Sentinel people had collected in the town. The was read by Dr. Charles Horner. This factories, and all the Printing offices, August 2, 1864 procession was then formed accord- was followed by an excellent oration Hotels, and Boarding-houses, and all ing to the published program, and by Rev. J. R. Warner. He entertained proceeded to Culp’s Hill, along the the large audience for more than an

Cedar Creek 7 150 years ago – 1864 Cedar Creek July 9 (MD). Union General Lew Wallace delayed Confederate General Jubal Early’s attack on Washington DC long enough to allow Federal reinforce- ments to arrive.

July 11 & 12 General Early reached the suburbs of Washington DC. The assembled Federal units are able to force Early back into the . President Lincoln observed some of the combat from Fort Stevens.

July 17 Jefferson Davis relieved Joseph E. Johnston of command of the Army of the Tennesee and replaced him with Gen. .

July 22 Battle of Atlanta. Sherman’s victory helps to insure Lincoln’s reelection. July 24 The 2nd Battle of Kernstown in the Shenandoah Valley. July 30 Battle of the Cra- ter. Pennsylvania coal miners engineered and dug a tunnel under the Confederate fortifications around Petersburg, VA, packed it with explosives and set off the charge. Because of mismanagement, Union troops were unable to take full advantage of the breach in the Confed- erate line and a 9 month Siege of Petersburg resulted. August 1 Admiral David Farragut wins the Battle of Mobile Bay and utters the famous line, “Damn the torpedoes, Full speed ahead!”

August 15 Battle of the Weldon RR. August 30 Sherman begins to fully invest Atlanta.

Submitted by Roger Heller Civil War Roundtable of Gettysburg, PA PO Box 4236

Gettysburg, PA 17325-4236

$20.13 on Amazon; Hardback Amazon; on $20.13

Published By Oxford University Press, October 2013; 320 pages; pages; 320 2013; October Press, University Oxford By Published

become a guerrilla force. force. guerrilla a become

army, to escape its predicament at Appomattox, should scatter to the woods and and woods the to scatter should Appomattox, at predicament its escape to army,

thoroughly enjoyed it and highly recommend it. recommend highly and it enjoyed thoroughly to General E. Porter Alexander in response to the latters’ suggestion that the the that suggestion latters’ the to response in Alexander Porter E. General to

Robert E. Lee, Lee, E. Robert sor Varon has set the bar high for those whose books follow hers. I I hers. follow books whose those for high bar the set has Varon sor

Informed by her solid research and sparkling narrative, Profes narrative, sparkling and research solid her by Informed - “I am too old to go bushwacking.” go to old too am “I

ently with a straight face, “George McClellan.” McClellan.” “George face, straight a with ently

from Pat Fairbairn Pat from

- who was the best Union general he ever faced, Lee replied, appar replied, Lee faced, ever he general Union best the was who Notable Quotables Notable

terness of that humiliating defeat never left him. Asked years later later years Asked him. left never defeat humiliating that of terness

- never did “get over” the whipping that Grant gave him. The bit The him. gave Grant that whipping the over” “get did never

tion to the Presidency as a “tragedy”. Lee didn’t hate Grant but he he but Grant hate didn’t Lee “tragedy”. a as Presidency the to tion

- Grant accused Lee of “behaving badly” and Lee viewed Grants elec Grants viewed Lee and badly” “behaving of Lee accused Grant

There was no love lost between Grant & Lee in the post war era. era. war post the in Lee & Grant between lost love no was There

National Park Service site at Appomattox was officially dedicated. officially was Appomattox at site Service Park National

. Attractions-cLandmarks-g9

finality of Confederate military defeat. It was not until 1950 that a a that 1950 until not was It defeat. military Confederate of finality

www.tripadvisor.com/TravelersChoice- at: more Read

shame of the surrender lingered. April 9, 1865, still signified the the signified still 1865, 9, April lingered. surrender the of shame

posed efforts to erect a peace monument at the site, for the pain and and pain the for site, the at monument peace a erect to efforts posed filled with awe, struck with disbelief and moved beyond words.” beyond moved and disbelief with struck awe, with filled

ration. Confederate veterans and their descendants doggedly op doggedly descendants their and veterans Confederate ration. - walk along the route where countless soldiers battled. You will be be will You battled. soldiers countless where route the along walk

- But Varon points out that Appomattox also resisted commemo resisted also Appomattox that out points Varon But Quote from Tripadvisor: “It truly is a sobering experience to to experience sobering a is truly “It Tripadvisor: from Quote

noble “Lost Cause.” Cause.” “Lost noble the entire United States and No. 9 worldwide. 9 No. and States United entire the

doomed but but doomed South’s the romanticizing and stability; and order of Gettysburg National Military Park earned No. 1 landmark in in landmark 1 No. earned Park Military National Gettysburg

Radical Reconstruction by ex-Confederate “redeemers” in the name name the in “redeemers” ex-Confederate by Reconstruction Radical Military Park is #1 is Park Military

to the side the issues of racial justice; justifying the overthrow of of overthrow the justifying justice; racial of issues the side the to

valor and glory of white Civil War soldiers, blue and gray; pushing pushing gray; and blue soldiers, War Civil white of glory and valor

Gettysburg National National Gettysburg

around a reconciliation narrative, celebrating the shared martial martial shared the celebrating narrative, reconciliation a around

dissonant.” “White Americans closed ranks in the late 19th century century 19th late the in ranks closed Americans “White dissonant.”

“that Americans’ efforts to memorialize Appomattox have been been have Appomattox memorialize to efforts Americans’ “that

flict, of repression and woe? Her answer is that it never fully did; did; fully never it that is answer Her woe? and repression of flict,

know about it. about know

- agreement” come to triumph over images of competition and con and competition of images over triumph to come agreement”

least, solved by this development, and all our members should should members our all and development, this by solved least,

asks, “How then did the myth of Appomattox as a “gentlemen’s “gentlemen’s a as Appomattox of myth the did then “How asks, relics the GNMP have in their vault. That seems to be, in part at at part in be, to seems That vault. their in have GNMP the relics

Book Chat Book continued from page 2 page from continued It’s always been difficult trying to see the historic artifacts and and artifacts historic the see to trying difficult been always It’s

. www.npsgnmp.wordpress.com or

educational groups. educational www.npscollections.blogspot.com at: available is collection The

Director, and has led leadership tours for corporate, nonprofit, government and and government nonprofit, corporate, for tours leadership led has and Director,

the collection, etc. collection, the

She currently serves as Leadership Program Associate Associate Program Leadership as serves currently She Leaders. of Footsteps the

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tos of items in the museum collection, maps, finding aids for for aids finding maps, collection, museum the in items of tos In In program leadership Foundation’s Gettysburg the developed Sue 2007, In

- pho are Included online. now is Collection Museum GNMP he history of the American Civil War cycloramas. War Civil American the of history

is now online now is Wartime Caretaker of Gettysburg’s Evergreen Cemetery and several articles on the the on articles several and Cemetery Evergreen Gettysburg’s of Caretaker Wartime

Sue has also published the book Elizabeth Thorn: Thorn: Elizabeth book the published also has Sue Guide. and History A clorama:

book the authored She project. conservation clorama - Cy Gettysburg of Battle The Museum Collection Collection Museum

- Cy Gettysburg the for historian research as served Sue 2008, to 2005 From

consultant for the Gettysburg Foundation. Gettysburg the for consultant

NEWS sisted in refining the museum script. Beginning in 2004, she served as historical historical as served she 2004, in Beginning script. museum the refining in sisted

- as and repositories partnering in artifacts identifying exhibits, museum for ages

- im identifying included responsibilities Her complex. center visitor and museum

tysburg Foundation’s Museum Design Team during the project to build the new new the build to project the during Team Design Museum Foundation’s tysburg GNMP

- Get the joined Sue 2002, In 2006. and 2005 in Guiding in Excellence for Award

Painting continued from page 1 page from continued 8 8