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CLASS THREE Handout #1A CLASS THREE Handout #1A National Alliance on Mental Illness page printed from http://www.nami.org/ 1-800-950-NAMI; [email protected] ©2008 Facts on Children’s Mental Health in America The reports by the U.S. Surgeon General1 and President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health offer great hope to the millions of children and adolescents living with mental disorders and their families.2 Through appropriate identification, evaluation, and treatment, children and adolescents with mental disorders can lead productive lives. They can achieve success in school, in work, and in family life. Nonetheless, the overwhelming majority of children with mental disorders fail to be identified, lack access to treatment or supports, and needlessly suffer throughout their lives. Stigma persists, and millions of young people in this country are left behind. Prevalence of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders Four million children and adolescents in this country suffer from a serious mental disorder that causes significant functional impairments at home, at school, and with peers. Twenty-one percent of our nation’s children ages 9 to 17 have a diagnosable mental or addictive disorder that causes at least minimal impairment.1 Half of all lifetime cases of mental disorders begin by age 14. Despite effective treatments, there are long delays, sometimes decades, between the first onset of symptoms and when people seek and receive treatment. An untreated mental disorder can lead to a more severe, more difficult to treat illness, and to the development of co- occurring mental illnesses.3 In any given year, only 20% of children with mental disorders are identified and receive mental health services.4 Consequences of Untreated Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents Suicide Suicide is the third leading cause of death in youth aged 15 to 24. More teenagers and young adults die from suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia, influenza, and chronic lung disease combined.5 Over 90% of children and adolescents who commit suicide have a mental disorder.6 In 2002, almost 4,300 young people ages 10 to 24 died in this country by suicide.7 States spend nearly $1 billion annually on medical costs associated with completed suicides and suicide attempts by youth up to 20 years of age.8 School Failure Approximately 50% of students with a mental disorder age 14 and older drop out of high school; this is the highest dropout rate of any disability group.9 Juvenile and Criminal Justice Involvement Youth with unidentified and untreated mental disorders also tragically end up in jails and prisons. According to an NIMH funded study – the largest ever undertaken – an alarming 65% of boys and 75% of girls in juvenile detention have at least one mental disorder.10 We are incarcerating youth with mental disorders, some as young as 8 years old, rather than identifying their disorders early and intervening with appropriate treatment. Higher Health Care Utilization When children with untreated mental disorders become adults, they use more health care services and incur higher health care costs than other adults. Left untreated, childhood disorders are likely to persist and lead to a downward spiral of school failure, limited or non-existent employment opportunities, and poverty in adulthood. No other illnesses harm so many children so seriously. Early Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment are Essential to Recovery and Resiliency Research shows that early identification and intervention can minimize the long-term disability of mental disorders.2 Mental disorders in children and adolescents are real and can be effectively treated, especially when identified and treated early. Research has yielded important advances in the development of effective treatment for children and adolescents living with mental disorders. Early identification and treatment prevents the loss of critical developmental years that cannot be recovered and helps youth avoid years of unnecessary suffering.11 Early and effective mental health treatment can prevent a significant proportion of delinquent and violent youth from future violence and crime.12 It also enables children and adolescents to succeed in school, to develop socially, and to fully experience the developmental opportunities of childhood. May 2006 1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999. 2 New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, Achieving the Promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America. Final Report. DHHS Pub. No. SMA-0303832. Rockville, MD: 2003. 3 National Institute of Mental Health Release of landmark and collaborative study conducted by Harvard University, the University of Michigan and the NIMH Intramural Research Program (release dated June 6, 2005 and accessed at www.nimh.nih.gov). 4 U.S. Public Health Service, Report of the Surgeon General’s Conference on Children’s Mental Health: A National Action Agenda. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 2000. 5 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2001. 6 Shaffer, D., & Craft, L. “Methods of Adolescent Suicide Prevention.” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60 (Suppl. 2), 70-74, 1999. 7 Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Anderson RN, Scott C. Deaths: Final data for 2002. National vital statistics reports; vol. 53 no 5. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2004. 8 NGA Center for Best Practices, Youth Suicide Prevention: Strengthening State Policies and School-Based Strategies 9 U.S. Department of Education, Twenty-third annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Washington, D.C., 2001. 10 Teplin, L. Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 59, December 2002. 11 The National Advisory Mental Health Council Workgroup on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Intervention Development and Deployment. “Blueprint for Change: Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health.” Washington, D.C.: 2001. 12 U.S. Surgeon General, Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. DHHS. Rockville, MD: 2001. CLASS THREE Handout #2 DIAGNOSIS: _________________________________ 1. List the symptoms and behaviors. 2. Prevalence rates/gender 3. Is this a hereditary disorder? 4. What treatment would be recommended? 5. List one interesting fact you learned from this research. 6. Anything else you would like to share. CLASS THREE Handout #3 DISTRIBUTED BY NAMI New Hampshire New Hampshire’s Voice on Mental Illness (800) 242-6264 or (603) 225-5359 National Alliance on Mental Illness [email protected] or www.naminh.org page printed from http://www.nami.org/ 1-800-950-NAMI; [email protected] ©2008 Adapted based on DSM V December 2013 Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents What are anxiety disorders? Anxiety disorders cause people to feel excessively frightened, distressed, and uneasy during situations in which most others would not experience these symptoms. Left untreated, these disorders can dramatically reduce productivity and significantly diminish an individual’s quality of life. Anxiety disorders in children can lead to poor school attendance, low self-esteem, deficient interpersonal skills, alcohol abuse, and adjustment difficulty. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses in America; they affect as many as one in 10 young people. Unfortunately, these disorders are often difficult to recognize, and many who suffer from them are either too ashamed to seek help or they fail to realize that these disorders can be treated effectively. What are the most common anxiety disorders? Panic Disorder -- Characterized by panic attacks, panic disorder results in sudden feelings of terror that strike repeatedly and without warning. Physical symptoms include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, abdominal discomfort, feelings of unreality, and fear of dying. Children and adolescents with this disorder may experience unrealistic worry, self- consciousness, and tension. Specific Phobias -- A phobia is a disabling and irrational fear of something that really poses little or no actual danger. The fear leads to avoidance of objects or situations and can cause extreme feelings of terror, dread, and panic, which can substantially restrict one’s life. "Specific" phobias center around particular objects (e.g., certain animals) or situations (e.g., heights or enclosed spaces). Generalized Anxiety Disorder -- Chronic, exaggerated worry about every day, routine life events and activities that lasts at least six months is indicative of generalized anxiety disorder. Children and adolescents with this disorder usually anticipate the worst and often complain of fatigue, tension, headaches, and nausea. Separation Anxiety –developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached and may include persistent and excessive worry about experiencing an untoward event e.g. getting lost, being kidnapped; fear or reluctance about being alone, reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or without major attachment figure; repeated physical complaints when separation from major attachment figures occurs or
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