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Have you ever picked blackberries barefooted? Remember the last time you climbed a tree clear up to the dead limbs where the hoot owl has its little ones? The hours you spent fishing with worms on a bent pin probably add up. How long has it been since you tried spotting a meadowlark's nest in the open field without any landmarks to guide you? Have you thought about all the hours you spent trying to catch a young crow so you could make a pet of it? It probably has been a good while since you caught those minnows and put them in the horse tanks or raised a cloud of dust dragging your feet down the cow path. I could fill the next few pages with pleasant memories of past experiences and even then I couldn't begin to mention even a small portion of your individual memories. All these things that I have talked about are things that you have probably done, and perhaps the memories of them might actually be more pleasant than the real thing was. We might be prone to brush these memories aside as unimportant in terms of their monetary value . . . some people might even be able to prove that the hours spent in such pursuits constitute a considerable loss. No matter how you look at it, most of us would have to agree that there is a value in reliving youthful experiences, be it only in memory, or by actual re-enactment when that is possible. This leads me to the point I hope to make. Development of conservation programs on a strictly commercial basis is only a temporary answer. In fact, development along our present lines is often more difficult, but the long-range benefits are greater, though a monetary value is hard to establish. Man-made improvements seem to have a way of becoming unpopular and not lasting, and, although a dredged stream might look tremendous on completion, the unspoiled naturalness of a fishing pool under an overhanging tree might have far more lasting value. Biologically man is an animal whose lifespan extends beyond that of most wildlife and plants. Because of this longer life span, we often fail to realize that we are subject to the same laws of nature. But since we are, the faster we face that fact, the quicker will we be adjusted to the world about us. Our major role in conservation and resource management is to preserve and develop the settings that permit man to reflect on the past, enjoy the present and anticipate the future.

DONALD E. FOLTZ, Director Indiana Department of Conservation OUTDOOR INDIANA INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION

MATTHEW E. WELSH, Governor DONALD E. FOLTZ, Director

Commission: Anton (Tony) Hulman, Jr., Chairman, Terr Haute John A. Hillenbranl II, Batesville The Hon. Paul D. Ewan, Lafayette Wilbur Yates, Vincennes

DIVI1SION AND DIRECTORS

Administrative Assistant-Robert Day Sorestry- pert D. Raisch Accounting-Harold B. Smith Geogica S rvey-John B. Patton Comptroller-Wm. Dean Lacy Oil and 00 Homer R. Brown Enforcement-Harold D. Raisor Public Information-Thomas B. March Engineering-Henry C. Prange Purchasing-Anthony E. Sheppard Entomology-John J. Favinger State Parks-Kenneth R. Cougill Fish and Game-Woodrow W. Fleming Water Resources-Charles H. Bechert

Vol. VIII, No. 1 July, 1964

CONTENTS

THE GREAT ESCAPE FROM LIBBY PRISON . . . 2 STATE FORESTS: RESERVOIRS OF RECREATION . 8 85 YEARS OF PROGRESS: EVANSVILLE MUSEUM ...... 12

SOUTHERN INDIANA "NORTHERNS" ...... 16 POISONOUS PLANTS AND NOXIOUS NIBBLERS ...... 22

LOOK MOM, NO WATER ...... 26 SAND GLASS - REVIVAL OF AN OLD INDUSTRY ...... 28

Regardless of time, place or trappings, there's a little of Huck Finn in every boy. Cover photograph by Philip Van Blaricum.

THOMAS B. MARCH, Editor Published monthly by the Indiana Department of Conservation, 6th BETTY BENNETT, Associate Editor Floor, State Office Building, Indianapolis, Indiana-46209. Second class mail privileges authorized at Indianapolis, Indiana. Out-of-state MAC HEATON, Art Director subscription rate $2.00. Change of address should be reported promptly. PHILIP VAN BLARICUM, Photographer Permission to reprint any material in this publication may be granted GENEVA CAHILL, Circulation Manager to responsible parties upon written application to the editor. THE GREAT ESCAPE FROM LIBBY PRISON by T HE LARGEST prison break of the ARVILLE L. FUNK Civil War took place on the night of house prison contained only Union February 9, 1864. On that night, one officers and at the time of the great hundred and nine Union Army offi- escape, over 1200 prisoners were con- cers escaped from the notorious Libby fined on the two upper floors. Prison at Richmond, Virginia. On May 16, 1863, a large number Before the war, Libby Prison had of officers from the ill-fated "Streight been a large, spacious tobacco ware- Raid" arrived at Libby. Most of the house owned by the firm of Libby & new prisoners, including the raid Sons. It was located near the James commander, Brig. General Abel River and the old Lynchburg Canal, Streight, were Hoosiers. General and was situated between Carey Streight, a native of Indianapolis, had Street on the north and Canal Street attempted to destroy the South's rail- on the south. roads at Rome, Georgia, but had been The large tobacco warehouse was a forced to surrender his entire com- strongly built three story structure with large basement cellars under it. The Union prisoners were lodged in the upper two stories which had been ..... divided into large bare rooms, com- ... pletely without furniture. All prison- ers sat and slept on the bare, rough ' floor with their ragged army blankets as their only beds. On the first floor were the quarters for the Confederate prison officers and commandant, a small prison hos- pital, and the large kitchen or dining room where the inmates' food was prepared. In the west portion of the basement cellars was a storage area, a carpenters' shop in the middle por- tion and the unused east cellar was known as "Rat-Hell" by the prison- ers because of the great quantity of rats down there. The large old ware-

The famous old Libby Prison as it appeared in 1865. The large tobacco warehouse held over 1200 prisoners at the time of the escape in February 1864.

Page 2 * OUTDOOR INDIANA mand near Gaylesville in north- mauga Rooms," where the prisoners eastern Alabama. slept, down to the prison dining room. Soon after Streight and his officers Since the dining room was used only arrived at Libby Prison they began to during the day, the plan was to dig make plans for tunneling out of the through the dining room wall at night huge structure. A command group into the east cellar and then tunnel known as the "Secret Council of Five" under the vacant lot on the east side was appointed to regulate the escape of the prison into Kerr's Stable, a plans. Although Colonel Thomas small shed structure that opened onto Rose of the 77th Penna. Regt. and Canal Street. Major A. G. Hamilton of the 12th On their first night, the plotters Kentucky Cavalry Regt. are usually found that an old fireplace in the east given the credit for the construction end of the dining room was just above of the escape tunnel, General Streight, the west end of the rat cellar. By who was the commander of the Coun- working in several shifts, the prison- cil, probably had as much to do with ers succeeded in removing enough the formation of the escape plans and bricks from the fireplace to be able to the tunnel as any other prisoner. dig into the wall separating the dining After much investigation of the in- room from the cellar. They then had terior and the foundation of the old to construct an "S" curve tunnel that warehouse prison, the Secret Council finally opened into the east cellar. decided that the best route of escape Once in the cellar, they began their was through the "Rat Hell" east cel- hardest task, that of tunneling lar. There was an old stairway that through the foundation wall and con- led from the upper stories of "Chicka- structing a fifty foot tunnel under the

July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 3 ,- CANAL .-. -A 06.. / , a APMR~ PQAW/NGtJ FRO0/ .A110W APVZtflMtN *41AYP2/6011 AECAP OF 7/T Cft'/ WAR' vacant lot that lay between the prison later. During the early morning hours and Kerr's Stable. of February 8th, the digging crew The prisoners found that the foun- broke through into the little stable dation wall of the east cellar was shed in the Kerr warehouse property. made of heavy timbers, and it took Since it was then too late to escape several nights to dig through these because of the coming of daylight, the timbers using their pocket knives, Council decided that the big escape sharpened spoons and other crude would be made the following night. tools. They tried three different por- At approximately nine o'clock p.m. tions of the foundation before they on the night of February 9th, the found a place suitable for the escape more than 70 prisoners who had tunnel. The work crews were divided worked on the project began to slowly into five men each when work was disappear into the east cellar to begin begun on the tunnel itself. One of the the tiresome crawl through the nar- men would do the digging, one would row escape tunnel. General Streight, fan air into the tunnel, two passed out who was one of the first became stuck the dirt and hid it under the damp in the narrow part of the tunnel that straw that covered the floor of the curved around a large rock. He had cellar, while the fifth man stood sen- to be pulled back, remove his clothes, try duty. to warn of the approach of and was then finally able to wiggle the prison guards. through by pulling his clothes behind The actual digging of the tunnel him on a string. Before half of the began on the night of January 21st, planned group had escaped, word 1864 and was finished eighteen nights spread through the upper floors of the Page 4 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 Infantry Regt., from Plymouth Capt. Leander Williams, 73rd Ind. Infantry Regt., from Westville Lt. John Fislar, 7th Ind. Battery, from Lawrenceburg Lt. John Sterling, 30th Ind. Infan- try Regt., from Allen Co. Lt. William Reynolds, 73rd Ind. In- fantry Regt., from Westville Lt. Col. Ivan Walker, 73rd Ind. In- fantry Regt., from Rush Co. and Michigan City (recaptured) Capt. L. D. Phelps, 73rd Ind. In- fantry Regt., from Michigan City (recaptured) Capt. McCaslin Moore, 29th Ind. Infantry Regt., from Rochester (recaptured) Lt. John D. Simpson, 10th Ind. In- fantry Regt., from Lafayette (re- captured) The break-out was discovered the next morning when the guards con- General Abel Streight of Indianapolis, the leader ducted the daily morning head count. of the mass escape of 109 prisoners from old Many of the guards were immediately Libby. placed under arrest, as it was first be- prison and several hundred anxious lieved that they had been bribed to prisoners rushed for the escape route. let the prisoners out. Later, they were Although several hundred tried to released when a thorough inspection force their way into the narrow tun- of the prison disclosed the tunnel nel, only 109 were able to escape by under the vacant lot. Immediately, a the coming of the dawn. large posse made up of prison guards Among the 109 Union officers who and other Confederate troops around escaped were sixteen from Indiana. In Richmond was sent off after the fugi- addition to General Streight, the tives. others were: Since the escaped fugitives had to Major J. P. Collins, 29th Ind. In- travel through several miles of hostile fantry Regt., from Rochester territory, it was only possible to jour- Major G. W. Fitzsimmons, 37th ney at night. Many of the escapees Ind. Infantry Regt., from Ft. were unfamiliar with the country and Wayne after aimlessly wandering were finally Capt. David Flamsburg, 4th Ind. captured by the posse or unfriendly Battery, from Indianapolis citizens. A total of 48 of the fugitives Capt. Eli Foster, 30th Ind. Infantry were recaptured and two drowned try- Regt., from Kosciusko Co. ing to cross the Chicahominy River. Capt. Will W. Scearce, 51st Ind. However, 59 of the Union officers suc- Infantry Regt., from Danville ceeded in reaching friendly lines and Capt. William Wallich, 51st Ind. returned to active duty. Among those Infantry Regt., from Peru recaptured was Lt. Colonel Ivan Capt. Matthew Boyd, 73rd Ind. Walker, commanding officer of the July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 5

Elaa~ 73rd Indiana, and a native of Arling- Since the Pamunkey River was full ton in Rush County. of ice, they could not attempt to swim Among those who reached the across. General Streight found a large Union lines safely were General tree down in the river and was able Streight and his traveling companion, to cross on the trunk and return in a Captain Will Scearce of the 51st In- small rowboat for Captain Scearce. diana Regiment. These two joined The next night they reached the Mat- forces as they emerged from the tun- taponi River which was also full of nel into Kerr's shed. They then made floating ice and very treacherous to their way to the house of a friendly cross. They finally discovered a small, Negro woman who hid them for the leaky boat which carried them over remainder of the day. Then a Mrs. to the eastern shore. Abbie Green, who had Northern lean- After resting for a day, the weary ings, found them and made arrange- pair continued on their journey, fin- ments for hiding places for them as ally reaching the fourth river they they made their way in a northeast- had to cross, the Rappahannock, on erly direction toward the Union Army the sixth night after leaving Rich- lines. On their first night after leav- mond. They reached a crossing point ing Richmond they had to swim the near Rappahannock Station and there Chicahominy River, then by hiding constructed a crude raft which they at day and traveling at night, they poled across the river. reached their second destination, the After three more days of wandering Pamunkey River on the fourth night they arrived at the Potomac River after leaving the Virginia capital. and made their way to a small island

"Prison Barn" as it appeared in 1955, built from the Libby Prison timbers near the Starke- La Porte county line.

Page 6 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1 96'4 known as Blackstone Island. Finally, Exposition, where the prison was re- on March 1st, Commodore Parker built and visited by thousands of fair of the Union Potomac Squadron visitors. When the Exposition ended, picked the fugitives up and conveyed a farmer from Starke County, Indi- them to Washington. So after 11 days ana, purchased the timbers and used of perilous wandering through enemy them to construct a large barn that territory, the escaped Hoosiers finally became known as the "Prison Barn", reached safety. on the LaPorte-Starke County line In addition to the fact that the near U.S. Highway 35. Then in the great escape from Libby was planned early months of this year, the Mercer and led by citizens of the Hoosier Realty Company of Spencer pur- State, Indiana also had another con- chased the timbers when the old barn nection with the famous old Confed- was razed and stored them near that erate prison. Several years after the southern Indiana town. So, not only war ended, an enterprising promoter the Hoosier prisoners of Libby, but purchased the timbers of the old also the actual timbers of the famous prison, dismantled them and moved old warehouse prison have found their them to the 1893 Chicago World's way to Indiana soil. A

McHarry's Tomb

AN INTERESTING reminder of the steamboat era in Indiana is a large and imposing tomb that is built into a Harrison County hillside overlook- ing the Ohio River. This large stone tomb is located in Posey Township near the little village of Bridgeport, about ten miles southeast of the county seat of Corydon. The tomb was built by Frank Mc- Harry, a steamboat captain and a in the prepared tomb. After several resident of Portland, Kentucky. Mc- years, his relatives in Louisville Harry often traveled passed Locust finally had the remains moved to the Point near Bridgeport and when he Cave Hill Cemetery at that city. became wealthy, he purchased vast However, the large tomb remained, tracts of land in that vicinity in Posey and since it was in such an isolated Township. He selected a very promi- place, it has mainly remained undis- nent site on one of the bluffs and turbed. It still stands on the cliff there constructed an elaborate tomb where it can be seen easily by modern that offered a commanding view of boats moving up and down the Ohio the river. Tradition says that he se- River. lected this solitary location so that It is said, even now, that on a S after his death, and burial there, he windy, stormy night, if you are travel- S (or his ghost) could shout curses at ing on the river and you reach the the steamboats passing on the river vicinity of Locust Point, you can hear below. Upon his death, his wishes Old McHarry shouting curses at all were carried out and his body placed who pass on the river below. A July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 7 STATE FORESTS: Reservoirs of Recreation

by BETTY BENNETT Associate Editor,Outdoor Indiana

AS MORE and more people realize better conservation practices and the the potential of state forests as recre- lands were acquired for reforestation ation areas, the cry of "timber" is of cutover and burned over areas and supplemented by the happy sounds of to put more enlightened timber man- picnickers and the crackling of camp- agement practices into effect. fires emanating from the forests' many This remained the forests' reason campsites. for existence until the 1930's when de- The establishment of the first Indi- mands for more recreation areas be- ana state forests more than 60 years gan to mushroom due to the public's ago was strictly the result of an en- increased leisure time. hanced awareness of the need for Since then, Indiana state foresters

A view from the Morgan-Monroe fire tower showing a portion of the 21,553 acres of forested area. STATE FORESTS

1. CLARK STATE FOREST, 19,435 acres, located on US Highway 31, 10 miles south of Scottsburg, Indi- ana. Two lakes and several picnic areas and shelter houses available for your pleasure. 2. FERDINAND STATE FORREST, 6,978 acres, located in Dubois County, 6 miles east of Ferdinand on State Rd. 264. Beautiful lake with beach, camping and picnic facilities along the shore. 3. FRANCES SLOCUM STATE FOR- EST, 1,087 acres, lying on the Mis- sissinewa River, 10 miles southeast of Peru, Indiana. Camping and pic- nic facilities available. 4. GREENE-SULLIVAN STATE FOR- EST, 4,139 acres, north of Pleasant- ville, on State Rd. 159. Has more than 27 lakes for fishing. Limited camping and picnic facilities are available. 5. HARRISON STATE FOREST, 20,018 acres, on State Rd. 462, 8 miles west of Corydon, Indiana. Camp- 10. SALAMONIE RIVER ing, picnicking and .hiking avail- STATE FOR- EST, 805 acres, on able. State Rd. 524, 2 miles east of Lagro, Indiana. Lake 6. JACKSON STATE FOREST, 10,492 and picnic area in the forest. acres, 3 miles south of Brownstown, 11. SELMIER on State Rd. 250. Two lakes with STATE FOREST, 352 acres, picnic areas available. Starve Hol- 3 miles east of North Vernon, low Beach is located here. Ind. This property was a gift of the late Frank Selmier of Indianapolis 7. MARTIN STATE FOREST, 3,580 to the State. Many plantations of acres, 8 miles north of Shoals, In- various trees are a testimony to his diana, on U.S. 50. Two attractive interest in forestry. picnic areas and shelter houses in 12. YELLOWWOOD the heart of the forest. STATE FOREST, 21,583 acres, on State Rd. 46, 8 8. MORGAN-MONROE STATE FOR- miles west of Nashville, Indiana. EST, 21,553 acres, on U.S. 37, 14 Very popular because of the excel- miles south of Martinsville, Indiana. lent boating and fishing on the lake A large forest, 3 lakes for fishing, situated in the Brown County hills. picnicking, camping and hiking. 13. OWEN PUTNAM STATE FOREST, 9. PIKE STATE FOREST, 2,826 acres, 4,295 acres, scattered holdings still located 4 miles east of Winslow, on in the organization stage. Runs State Rd. 364. Picnic area and shel- from north of Cunot, Road 243 to ter house in the forest. south of Vandalia, Rd. 46. July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 9

m . ki- l1 lI 1 ULIL p 1. 1 1117 VP 'r have been recognizing the vastly ex- get back to the land for a brief inter- panded role of the 13 state forests val. whose picnic areas, beaches, camp- One of the forests' major attraction sites, and hunting and fishing oppor- is that hunting and fishing are per- tunities are becoming favorite leisure mitted and thousands of outdoors- time attractions for thousands of men are perfectly willing every year Hoosiers and out-of-staters. to sacrifice modern facilities for the Recreation opportunities in state chance of finding a good fishing hole, forests differ subtly - and sometimes away from the crowds, and of stalk- drastically - from those offered by ing the varied species of wildlife with state parks. a good chance of success. Also part The subtle differences lie mostly in of the growing popularity of the for- the atmosphere of the forests. In con- ests is the fact that campgrounds and trast to parks, the forests are more picnic areas there are generally less rugged . . . trails are not marked . . . crowded than those in the parks. This there is no guide service . . . there are relative privacy effectively counter- no inn or cabin accommodations. balances the lack of some built-in Forest campsites are not equipped services. with electricity, nor are sanitary fa- Until a few years ago, forest camp- cilities strictly modern, but camping sites were used mainly by people liv- in a state forest presents a real chal- ing in the immediate vicinity because lenge to "get away from it all" and it was not widely known that these

All of the state forests have available campsites, with the exceptions of Owen-Putnam and Selmier. Page 10 - OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 Fishing is available in all state forests, which provide some of the best fishing holes in the state. state properties are horns of plenty left to their own devices. However, where recreation opportunities are if help is needed, Indiana's sequel to concerned. the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Now, however, state forests rank the professional state foresters and high on the list of vacation spots, es- their trained staffs, will find time to be pecially with people who like to be of assistance, even though their regu- lar duties keep them busy. Their in- timate knowledge of the forests is not only of great help in emergencies, but can be an invaluable asset on a hunt- ing or fishing trip. Among other "fringe benefits" of- fered by state forests is the free ad- mission (except at the Ferdinand and Starve Hollow beaches, where a gate fee is charged), the chance to gather hickory nuts and walnuts, wild ber- ries, mushrooms, to indulge in rock hounding and gold panning and, last but not least, the forests are a virtual paradise for canine pets, who need be chained only in picnic and camping areas. Although the growth and manage- ment of timber remains a major con- cern of state foresters, plans for the expansion of recreation facilities are always in the mill and more and more Hoosiers will awaken to the rugged beauty of the more than 120,000 acres Starve Hollow Beach in Jackson State Forest. of Indiana state forests. A July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 11 View of Evansville Museum of Arts and Sciences from entrance.

85 Years of Progress EVANSVILLE MUSEUM

by JAMES E. GILLIHAN

THE Evansville Museum of Arts & tries; they are welcomed to an insti- Sciences is the cultural center for a tution which serves not only the local community of over a quarter of a mil- community, but the tri-state as well. lion people in Southern Indiana's The dynamic quality of the museum "Valley of Opportunity". The mu- is dependent on the infinite variety of seum building, designed by the noted its exhibits and activity. The shrill architect Victor Gruen, is truly a call of a rooster welcoming the new work of contemporary art, enhanced day in a 19th century Evansville doc- by its picturesque setting in Sunset tor's office, the rhythmic chant of Park overlooking a bend on the Ohio three-year-olds in a French conversa- River. The museum is a major step tion class, and the eerie grind of rock in the Urban development of Evans- drill in a model of the famous Tutus- ville and is a positive influence in ville oil well are only some of the maintaining the atmosphere of one of many sounds which draw the visitors the finest old residential areas of the through the exhibition areas and class tri-state. rooms. Over 9,000 visitors each month The museum's visitors come from come to participate in special classes, every state and many foreign coun- see planetarium demonstrations, or Page 12 • OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 j Craft exhibit - main gallery.

View of sunken garden. INDIANA * Page 13 July, 1964 OUTDOOR Museum director demonstrates Italian armour. view the ever-changing exhibition again and the Temple of Fine Arts program. was established at 216 West Second From the museum's inception be- Street. By 1935 the museum received fore the turn of the century, the citi- 15,000 visitors for the year in its well- zens of the community have become known location in a condemned increasingly aware of the need to pre- building of the Y.W.C.A. Despite the serve their cultural and historical hardships of poor facilities, inade- heritage. As early as 1879 the "Old quate lighting, and daily battles with Settler's Club" of Vanderburg County budgets and vermin, the museum's recorded the wisdom and the lore of spirit and activity grew with the help the past generation. Within the next of many volunteers aiding the small few years the "Ladies' Literary Club" staff with the many shows, classes established the first museum exhibit and special activities. in Willard Library. Six years later, in It was in 1959 that the dream of 1905, the museum opened in its own the community was realized with the building, a handsome Georgian home opening of the present museum on in Sunset Park. This building was the Ohio River. The completed proj- razed in 1910 and the art objects of ect has great meaning to the com- the museum were distributed among munity for it is everyone's museum; the schools in 1912-13 for the benefit with a total cost of over $600,000 the of students. The historical section of largest single donation was only $20,- the museum was re-established in 000! And the community came! On Willard Library in 1922. that proud and perhaps hectic day in In 1928 the museum was moved October of 1959 when the museum Page 14 - OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 Figure art class in progress at museum. opened its doors over 5,000 visitors War period room, and a room depict- saw the new exhibits during the five ing typical victorian decor of over hours open to the public. (Later, it half a century ago. was fun to brag that the new Gug- The historian or casual visitor will genheim Museum in New York an- see the only piece of furniture made nounced only 600 visitors an hour on by Abe Lincoln's own hand, a corner their opening day!) cabinet made by Thomas Lincoln, or The approach to the new museum an original portrait of Ben Franklin includes the textured use of local by Joseph Wright. The collection at brick contrasting with the unusual the museum also includes the dueling beauty of dark grained Travertine pistols of the poet Lord Byron, a com- Marble from Trivoli, Italy. Modern plete set of Civil War currency and sculpture in the form of mobiles and an excellent collection of Currier and stabiles serve as a foreground to the Ives originals showing scenes from magnificent Gobelin Tapestries for- the Civil War. Many other exhibits merly in the collection of Marie An- include art history with works by toinette. As the visitor enters, he can Utrillo, Leger and Rouault; a com- either go to the beautiful Ohio River plete model train layout with over 30 Room overlooking the river where trains, and a 10 foot tall Alaskan daily luncheon is served; or he can bear. The museum is truly a museum go to the main gallery with its col- for everyone's interests. lections in art, history or anthro- The Evansville Museum of Arts pology; or to the upper level class- and Sciences is a living force in the rooms, Sunday planetarium shows, or community. It is dedicated to the en- river history exhibit; or he can visit richment of the visitor's understand- the ground level exhibits in science, ing and appreciation of the achieve- transportation, or the civic theater. ments of mankind. Just as science Special exhibits include a Gothic deals with man's environment and the Room with 16th Century linen-fold laws which govern man's natural ex- paneling housing many original art istence, so art deals with the objects works of the period including master- of man's profoundly expressive and pieces by VanDyck, Titian, and creative impulses. The two go hand Bronzino. Special rooms depict the in hand and are the foundation of the interior of a pioneer log cabin, a Civil museum's total program. A July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 15 SOUTHERN INDIANA "NOI

by GARY DOXTATER Fisheries Research Biologist

WILL THE northern pike live in our ern might do well in the southlands warm waters? What is wrong with of Indiana? At this point we must go you, don't you know the northern is back into the past and relive the story a cold water species? Will he repro- of Starve Hollow Lake in Jackson duce this far south? These are a few State Forest. of the many questions which we have In 1960, reports of poor fishing in been asked since the start of the Starve Hollow Lake were being re- northern pike project. ceived by the Department. A fisher- Trying to establish pike in southern ies' biologist was sent to the lake to Indiana comes as a shock to most survey the fish population. His find- people because this fighter is asso- ings were a real shock . . . too many ciated with the northern states and carp, shad, and bluegills! The recom- thus is thought of as a cold water mendation was to drain the lake, sal- species. In view of this general belief, vage the game fish, remove the what led us to think that the north- "rough" fish, refill the lake, and re-

Starve Hollow Lake, where fry-sized northern pike are being released this year, is 170 acres in area.

Page 16 - OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 STHERNS"?

Breeder pike were imported from Wisconsin and were immediately introduced into the marsh on arrival at 5 a.m.

stock. This was done in the fall of ered a 4-inch fish which looked like a 1961 and 22 adult northern pike rang- small northern. There was a possi- ing from 24 to 30 inches were found bility that it might be the northern's and saved. The history of their origin little brother, the grass pike, which is was a mystery. Tons of rough fish found in the area. Closer examination were removed along with thousands under a microscope proved that it was of stunted bluegills. The game fish a fingerling northern pike, which were wintered over in nearby holding meant that the adults that had been ponds and in May, 1962, the lake was released in 1962 had spawned in the restocked. Among the fish released spring of 1963. This was surprising were 16 adult northerns. news to everyone in the Department, From this point we must progress but nevertheless, it was true. to the summer of 1963 when we con- The event brought to mind an oper- ducted a fish population study in ation which the state of Michigan Starve Hollow. One morning, as we carried out about four years ago - were checking the traps, we discov- the artificial pike spawning marsh. July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 17 Aerial view of the artificial pike spawning marsh before flooding. Arrow points to the loca- tion of the spillway which is shown in greater detail below. Water flowing through the spill- way empties into ditch from which pike are carried into Starve Hollow Lake. These pike fry are only two or three weeks old and have already grown to two and a half to three inches in length. This is a shallow marsh impoundment only one per cent or less to develop along the edge of a lake with its into three-inch fish or bigger. In the water outlet draining into the lake. artificial marsh we can eliminate most No fish are present in the marsh area, of the predators and thus increase the except for the adult northern pike. survival rate. The adults are allowed to spawn and Another factor controlling produc- the eggs hatch in about two weeks. tion is the fluctuating water level in the The young fish are kept in the marsh natural marsh. It often happens that until they reach 2-3 inches, and are the flood waters recede before the eggs then released into the lake as the hatch and they are left stranded on marsh is drained completely. the vegetation. Again, in the artificial One might wonder why artificial marsh this can be eliminated by a marshes are needed. Under natural controlled water level. conditions, the spawners lay their Why did the adults spawn in 1963 eggs in the shallow water - on grass. without a pike marsh, and will they The eggs and fry are not protected continue to do so in the future? We and many fall prey to other fish and can only answer this question with insects, because of this, we expect speculation. Conditions were "right" July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 19 in '63. The whole fish population had question was whether we could in- been drastically reduced. And thus itiate a northern pike program at gave the eggs and fry better odds in Starve Hollow Lake. The possibili- surviving. The shallow areas, in which ties were investigated and the final weeds had grown up while the lake O.K. was given. The 6-acre site was was dry, were then flooded and pro- chosen and work began in the fall of vided cover and an ideal spawning last year. Indiana's first artificial pike area. We doubt that the northern pike spawning marsh was constructed with could bring off such a successful the cooperation of the Division of spawn against a normal fish popula- Forestry and the U.S. Soil Conserva- tion which will soon build up. tion Service, and, of course, the Di- With all this in mind, our next vision of Fish and Game.

Fisheries biologist using a hand counter to record the number of pike fry going over the spillway.

I -. _I An aide seining adult pike from outlet ditch. The upper end of Starve Hollow Lake is barely visible in the center background. After the completion, only one man to a royal battle. To protect the problem remained - a source of adults for this first year, a size limit spawners. The Jackson County Con- of 26 inches is stipulated and bag servation clubs were interested in a limit is 2 fish per day. project which would benefit and serve Only one hurdle remains. We must the whole county. Through James trap a few adults from Starve Hollow Olmstead, Jackson County Conser- next spring to provide brood stock for vation Officer, the various clubs were the marsh operation next year. They contacted and it was agreed that they do it in Michigan - we'll try it in would provide money for the pur- Indiana! ! chase of adult pike and that the Di- Looking into the Division's crystal vision of Fish and Game would find ball, how does the future look for a commercial source and transport construction of other marshes in Indi- the fish to Starve Hollow. After con- ana? At present, it is too early to say, tacting numerous commercial fisher- but with continued success, there is a men around the Great Lakes area, a good possibility for the establishment supplier was found. of pike marshes at other suitable lakes On March 22 of this year, 100 throughout the state. large adults were released into Starve This operation is two-fold. It will Hollow Lake and 62 spawners were provide fishermen in southern Indi- placed into the marsh above the lake. ana with a "trophy fish" which in the The fish in the marsh spawned, the past involved considerable travel. eggs hatched, and the fry grew to 3 Secondly, the northern may play a inches by late April. At this time an major role in controlling the tendency estimated 20,000 two to three-inch toward overpopulation of the pan and young pike were released into their rough fish in our lakes. new home. By this fall these future There are still unanswered ques- tackle busters should be about 15 tions, but, meanwhile, fishermen will inches and in the years to come they enjoy the results of a project which should challenge the Hoosier fisher- many believed to be impossible. A July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 21 POISONOUS PLANTS and NOXIOUS NIBBLERS

by JAMES A. CLARK Assistant State Entomologist

PLANTS

IN THE days of the pioneers and Many other plants are irritating to even in more recent generations the skin of some people. Cow pars- plants were known for their useful nip Heracleum, a native of low damp qualities and medical uses. Great areas will cause a rash similar to store was put in the healing ability of poison ivy. Leaves of Christmas rose, many plants. Conversely, the plants wild clematis, dog fennel, hops, indian which produced irritation or other ill tobacco, Jack-in-the-Pulpit, jinson- effects were recognized and avoided. weed, lady slippers, may apple, wild Today's out-of-doors enthusiasts in parsnips, scarlet pimpernel, smart- their haste to enjoy and commune weed, snow-on-the-mountain, tree-of- with nature often neglect to familiar- ize themselves with plant material which should be avoided. The most toxic of these plants which should be avoided are poison ivy and its relative, poison sumac. Poison oak is only a variation in leaf form of poison ivy. The toxic agent in these plants is a non-volatile oily phenolic substance called urushiol and is found in all parts of the plant, including roots, leaves, stems and fruit. Poisoning may occur when the plant is contacted or from contam- inated clothing, shoes or pets which have contacted ivy or sumac. Irri- tation may result from touching the plant winter or summer; even the smoke from burning plants can cause severe poisoning. Several other species of sumac occur commonly but are non-poisonous. Page 22 - OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964

I 1 1 ,= heaven and trumpet vine occasionally cause a skin rash. Juice from daffodil, mulberry and osage orange have like- wise caused severe irritation to some Poison Ivy individuals. Parents are continually concerned about what their children put in their mouth. Plant poisoning from in- gestion is infrequent. Nevertheless there is a real threat considering the numerous common plants which con- tain toxins injurious to man. The Poison Sumac entire plant of boxwood, christmas rose, death camas, water hemlock, poison hemlock, false hellebore poin- settia and jimsonweed are poisonous. laurel, monkshood and mountain The fruit and seed of bittersweet laurel are known to cause ill effects. Solanum, caster bean, deadly night- Wilted leaves of numerous plants shade, dogwood, english ivy, lily-of- contain hydrocyanic or prussic acid. the-valley, mistletoe, holly, lupine, The root of pokeweed, bloodroot and yew and ginkgo are toxic. It is jack-in-the-pulpit have also caused thought by some that if birds feed poisoning to those who ate the, plant. on the fruit and seed of a plant that Pokeweed is often used as food by these seed or berries are safe to eat. wild greens collectors, here the top is However, this is not always a safe safe but the root dangerous. criteria. Leaves of wild cherry, ole- Wild mushrooms have long en- ander, rhubarb, meadow saffron, ori- joyed a bad reputation. Many a ental poppy, foxglove, larkshur, sheep mother has been frightened by young- sters who have eaten mushrooms. And this fear is well based, since few of these fungi are entirely safe for ev- eryone. A species which does not harm one individual may cause dis- comfort in others. A few species are deadly poisonous as the destroying angel and the beautiful orange- colored fly amanita. Any mushroom which has a bulbous base and a dis- tinct skirt or veil below the top of the plant should be viewed with supi- cion. A little closer observation and the ability to recognize toxic plant mate- rial may be the difference between pleasant memories of an outing or nursing an itch or possibly worse. The old saying about poison ivy "Leaves of three, let it be" is a good rule to follow if you are not sure when you see ivy. July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 23 Mosquitoes and the other Diptera INSECTS are recognized as the group that af- fects more humans either as pests or by JOHN FAVINGER as vectors of disease than do all other species of arthropods. Malaria is sel- Chief Entomologist dom reported in Indiana these days and most cases are exotic in origin. Man and insects have been in Encephalitis fortunately is infrequent constant competition for the same and localized, but mosquitoes are still thing at the same time at least since present and hungry over most of the man began to produce or store his state, though populations vary from food and fiber, but, no doubt, the time to time and from place to place. competition for man's own blood be- Community mosquito control is usu- gan prior to this. ally more effective than individual ef- In primitive societies, as well as in forts, but such action requires con- the lower strata of modern civiliza- siderable planning and cooperation. tions, man is the primary host or Blackflies and related species in- meal-ticket for obnoxious pests such flict irritating bites mostly in the as bedbugs, fleas, and lice. These spring, though they are not as popu- parasites have so adapted themselves lous in Indiana as they are farther to the environment that man has cre- north. Punkies, or no-see-ums, as ated for himself, that for the most some Indian dubbed them long ago, part they cannot exist except where are blood-sucking midges that are tolerated by their hosts. It is only re- found locally in large numbers. Punk- cently that sanitary conditions and ies attack mainly early in the morning reasonable precautions have started to and at dusk and inflict bites whose help the average American to avoid pain is all out of proportion to the contact with these pests - even tem- size of the insect. porarily. However, for centuries such The various species of indignities were accepted as inevita- deer flies are also ble much in the same vein as death vicious biters. But although they are closely and taxes. related to the horse flies, which seldom attack There are other insects and related man, deer flies fly wildly about arthropods which feed more or less in- the head and if given the opportunity discriminately on any warm-blooded bite any ex- posed skin. animal, including man. In this group are mosquitoes, certain flies, ticks and The common house fly is annoying chiggers. Also there are those which but does not bite. The stable fly or accidently or occasionally injure man biting house fly is similar in appear- by stinging, biting, nettling or blister- ance and usually attacks about the ing the skin as a defense mechanism. ankles or other thinly-clad areas. In this category are bees, wasps, as- Ticks are closely related to insects, sassin bugs, spiders, nettling cater- but have eight legs like a spider. pillars and blister beetles. There are several species that some- These last two groups along with times feed on people. Tick bites are poison ivy and sunburn are respon- usually not felt at the time but can sible for the greater part of the sum- have serious consequences. Tick pa- mer discomfort of those who spend ralysis and Rocky Mountain spotted considerable time out-of-doors dur- fever are infrequent, but nevertheless ing the warmer months. crop up occasionally.

Page 24 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 Chiggers are a perennial problem especially in weedy areas. Chigger larvae feed on a wide variety of ani- Chigger mals with man serving as a relatively minor host. The chigger attaches it- self to the skin and secretes a fluid that digests a localized portion of the skin while the tissue underneath forms into an elongated tube. The chigger may continue to feed for some time, drawing predigested ma- terial through this tube. The lesion may persist for a while after the chig- ger is gone and "itch like the blazes" as related in the familiar song, with secondary infections that result from cause considerable discomfort when scratching many times prolonging the they come in contact with the skin. discomfort. The saddle-back and the larva of Stings, particularly those of yellow the Io moth are two of the species jackets, were covered very well in more frequently met with in this re- Ralph Stark's excellent article in the gion. Many times they are innocuous June 1963 OUTDOOR INDIANA. in appearance, while the evil looking Assassin or kissing-bugs are capa- hickory horned-devil is entirely harm- ble of inflicting extremely painful less to humans. bites and have been covered in previ- Blister beetles, like the old-fash- ous "Bug of the Month" series in this ioned potato beetle, have a substance publication. Other Hemiptera like called cantharidin that is capable of water boatmen and gaint water bugs causing prominent blisters when one should be handled with caution and of these insects is crushed on the skin. respect. All of these bite people mostly Many attacks by insects, chiggers in self defense when handled rather and ticks that seek man as a source than as deliberate feeders. of food can be avoided by the use of In his very definitive book "Medi- various chemical repellents like di- cal Entomology", William R. Horsfall methyl phalate, Rutgers 612, and states that most spiders bite humans other preparations on the market. A as defensive reflexes to a vibration. certain amount of experimentation is Normally an insect causes a vibration necessary to find the repellent best to the spider's web and the spider adapted to one's personal tastes and strikes to impale the prey. If the vi- requirements. For those who have bration is made by a human, the been unable to successfully avoid at- spider usually strikes and retreats- tack, there are also many lotions and apparently realizing that this is a ungents that will alleviate the itch- little more than it can handle. For ing and pain of bites and stings. Some this reason, the spider is seldom seen of these preparations contain anes- and rarely captured for identification. thetics and other anti-histamines Black widow spiders are found in which make the symptoms less un- Indiana, but other spiders also are comfortable until naturally healed. In capable bf inflicting serious bites. cases of severe reaction to insect bites Several types of caterpillars have or stings a physician should be con- specialized nettling hairs that can sulted immediately. A

July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA - Page 25

I i uit 1 . Whitewater Lake, drained in 1962, was filled by 1963, at which time it was also opened for fishing with some restrictions.

by RICHARD E. BASS Fish Management Biologist

SINCE 1961, the Indiana Department also true that the lake needs more of Conservation has undertaken an fish, that is, more fish of desirable active fish management program on species and more fish of catchable state-owned lakes. Visitors observing size. The answer to the problem is these activities have been heard to not to add more fish into a lake which exclaim: "Look Mom, no water!" and already has too many rough fish and "Hey, those men are taking all the stunted game fish, but to eliminate fish out of the lake!" Probably the those fish which are creating the prob- first question which enters the visitor's lem. mind is, "Why in the world are they When fish toxicants are used the doing this? I know fishing has been desirable fish are destroyed along bad here but the lake needs restock- with the undesirable ones and they ing, not draining." also cost hundreds, even thousands of It is true that complete drainage of dollars to use. The most practical a lake is a drastic measure and it is solution for new lakes is to install Page 26 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 drain valves at the time of construc- ing of a renovated lake is usually tion. When it is necessary to drain characterized by heavy reproduction the lake, the desirable species can be of the stocked fishes and rapid growth rescued and kept in small holding of the young. Fishermen are content ponds until the lake has refilled to be patient during this waiting pe- enough to permit restocking. This riod because they know that very practice not only results in a mini- good fishing is just around the corner. mum of lost fishing time but costs are To some people variety is the spice much lower than treating the entire of life, at least when it comes to fish- lake with chemicals. ing. For example, some misguided Draining and rescue operations have citizen may even attempt a clandes- already been conducted on man-made tine stocking of carp and bullheads. lakes such as Starve Hollow Lake, This type of stocking is one of the Jackson State Forest; Whitewater few instances in conservation where Lake, Whitewater State Park; and volunteer help is not welcomed or Murphy Lake, Willow Slough Fish appreciated. and Game Area. Natural lakes also One of the darkest moments in the have problems which require drastic life of a fishery biologist comes when corrective measures; however, com- he and his fellow workers have la- plete drainage is physically impos- bored long and hard to rid a certain sible so more costly chemical methods lake of a harmful species, only to dis- have to be used. cover that some well-meaning person Fishery biologists make every effort has reintroduced the same type of to clean out all rough fish remaining fish. It is hoped that fishermen will in the lake basin and tributaries fol- concentrate on the fun of catching lowing a complete drainage operation, fish and "leave the stocking to us!" A although some unknown pothole or spring might escape the attention of the work crew and so serve as a source of rough fish contamination. There are also a few natural methods by which fish may be transported from one body of water to another. When the drainage and cleanup operation has been completed and the valve closed by fall, normal precipita- tion will refill the lake by the follow- ing spring. Generally, a few select species of fish are restocked into the "clean" or renovated lake. Examples are the largemouth bass, bluegill, redear, channel catfish, and in certain situa- tions, the crappie and northern pike. A regulation protecting the adult fish until the first spawning season is over or permitting young fish to reach spawning size will be in effect tem- Willow Slough was drained during March and porarily, if needed. April 1963, a time that was carefully chosen The first year following the restock- not to interfere with wildlife. July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA • Page 27

Ib II I Revival of an Old Industry

R. DEE RARICK Indiana 4 Geological Survey

AS A RESULT of geologic research, a velopment possible. Intensive drilling new Hoosier industry began opera- and further testing proved that re- tion in southern Indiana in late serves of this high-silica sand were March 1964. Reports prepared in more than adequate. In time, a pro- 1952 and 1953 by geologists of the cessing plant was constructed and a Indiana Geological Survey* clearly pit was opened near Elizabeth in showed that the extent and thickness southeastern Harrison County. Un- of sand deposits in southeastern Har- der the direction of Mr. Ben H. Put- rison County made commercial de- nam of New Albany, a natural sand

Indiana Glass Sand Corp's. plant near Elizabeth in southeastern Harrison County. Water from the pond is used in washing sand. Page 28 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964 deposit is being used for manufac- and little vegetation, there are many turing glass, for abrasives, and for steep-walled gullies and miniature foundry uses. "badlands" along the sloping edges of Sand, especially high-silica sand, is sand ridges. a mineral seldom noticed and little Where the sands of the Ohio River appreciated by most people; and yet, Formation came from and when it high-silica sand has been used in In- was deposited is not definitely known. diana since Civil War days. New Some geologists believe that an methods of improving the quality of ancient stream deposited the sand natural sand deposits have revived more than 240 million years ago dur- S the glass sand industry, which was ing the latter part of the Mississip- inactive for nearly 50 years. Since the pian Period of geologic time. Other glass sand industry in Indiana de- geologists believe that the sand bodies clined about 1900, most sand used by glass manufacturers has been shipped in from other states. The deposit now being worked in A 4 CLARK Harrison County by the Indiana Glass Sand Corp. is a part of a large i. sand body, called the Ohio River Formation, extending from south of Fort Knox, northward through east- ern Harrison County, Floyd County, L_ and Clark County, to a few miles ' NEW ALBANY south of Salem in Washington County. The Ohio River Formation is a quartz sand that is poorly con- solidated but well compacted and medium to fine grained.

It ranges in color from nearly white, I to shades of dark red but not in any definite pattern. The thickest expos- ures of the sand (64 feet) are found at Tip Top, Ky. Drilling data from

test holes indicates that the sand in ' ' Indiana ranges from a few inches to about 90 feet in thickness. The Ohio Elizabeth River Formation is regarded as a

"ridge top" sand, but it does not cap INDIANA the highest hills where it is found. The sand deposits seem to have been thicker originally, but some of the sand has been removed by erosion. In some areas of abandoned farms

* Indiana Geological Survey publications: Bulletin No. 9, "High-silica Sand Poten- O 5Miles tialities of the Ohio River Formation," by lilt* Arthur P. Pinsak, 1956, and Bulletin No. 21, "Stratigraphy of the Ohio River For- Map showing the Ohio River Formation in mation," by William J. Wayne, 1960. Indiana. July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 29 Sand pit about one-fourth mile east of the Indiana Glass Sand Corp. plant. Site of the Star Plate Glass Co. sand pit is a short distance to the left of the picture. were formed about 50 million years true age for the Ohio River Forma- ago during the early part of the Ter- tion. tiary Period when the sea invaded the As far as we know, the Star Plate land from the south. Those who be- Glass Co. of New Albany, in opera- lieve this say that the sand was de- tion before 1872, was the first to use posited as longshore bars, barrier the sand of the Ohio River Forma- islands, or beach deposits and may tion in Indiana commercially. Ac- indicate just how far the Tertiary sea cording to State Geologist E. T. Cox, extended into Indiana. in the "Fifth Annual Report of the Geologists don't agree on the origin Geological Survey of Indiana for the and age of the Ohio River Formation Year 1873" and in the "Eighth, Ninth, because there are no fossils in the and Tenth Annual Reports of the sand except fossil fragments from Geological Survey of Indiana," made limestones of middle Mississippian during the years 1876-77-78, this New age laid down with the sand when the Albany company was using the sand. sand bodies were formed. If we could Besides being used as a glass sand find and classify fossilized remains of during the late 19th century, the sand animals living when the sand was de- was used as a filtering material and posited, we could better decide on a locally as plaster and molding sand. Page 30 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964

___~ ___ __ Storage bins for processed high-silica sand and silica flour.

The Indiana Glass Sand Corp. built dred yards to the processing plant in its plant in southeastern Harrison huge dump trucks. The capacity of County about 12 miles southwest of the new plant is 40 tons an hour. New Albany and 21/2 miles east of Besides being used in glass making, Elizabeth. This plant is in the gen- high-silica sand is used as engine eral area where the sand pit of the sand, paving sand, and filter sand. old Star Plate Glass Co. was located As an abrasive it is used in scouring and where, late in the 19th century, powder, sandblasting, and sandpaper Captain Lawson, J. F. Irwin, Fred and as a cutting agent for gang saws. Shuck, and others once excavated the It is also used as foundry sand after sand by hand. In those days, they suitable bonding clay has been added. loaded the sand on wagons and Manufacturers are very particular hauled it to Glaze's Landing on the in choosing sand for glass products. Ohio River. From there it was trans- The sand must be almost completely ported by barge to the Star plant in free of impurities. For example, iron New Albany and to other users in the causes color and opacity, clay causes New Albany-Louisville area. Today glass to be cloudy, and magnesia, the sand is dipped from the pit with lime, and alumina are highly refrac- power shovels and hauled a few hun- tory and so increase the time needed July, 1964 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 31 to melt the sand. Uniform grain size ological Survey provided the geologic is desirable to insure an even melt, for information for the program of in- coarse grains tend to melt slowly and tensive exploratory drilling and test- fine grains tend to blow out of the ing by Mr. Putnam's company - a batch and thus cause a loss in output program which proved that reserves per ton of sand. of the raw material were adequate for Like other natural sand deposits in the industry. Indiana, sand of the Ohio River For- The Area Redevelopment Adminis- mation cannot be used as it is mined tration granted a loan to further fi- because it contains impurities. In- nance construction of the plant, and tensive washing, strong bleaching the Rural Electrification Member- agents, magnetic separators, and ship Corp. was most helpful in secur- other modern equipment and tech- ing power for the plant and in pro- nological methods are used to purify viding a loan for purchasing elec- the sand to meet the rigid standards trical equipment. Hard work and dili- set up by the American Ceramic So- gence by Mr. Putnam and his asso- ciety and the National Bureau of ciates have made possible an ideal Standards. high-quality product. Besides provid- The glass sand industry in Harri- ing jobs for Hoosiers, the Indiana son County was given impetus Glass Sand Corporation's operation through the combined efforts of pri- will probably serve as a pilot study vate individuals and local, state, and for other glass sand industries in In- national agencies. The Indiana Ge- diana. A

Interior view of the new plant. Part of the rotary dryer is at the right; the rotary crusher at the lower left pulverizes the processed sand into silica flour. Page 32 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1964

I THE PAST IS ALSO NOW

When memory keeps me company, moves me to smiles and tears, A freckled boy sits by a stream right through the mist of years.

Behind the farm, across the fields, a half a mile or more, Hurrying feet a path had made through the wonders of the out-of-doors.

I had an old willer pole fixed up, strung with stagin line, And had a slab of cheese with home-made bread on which I planned to dine.

With every bobble of the cork my energy was sapped, But usually the fish of trophy size was caught just as I napped.

Time has passed somewhat by now and the old fishing holes are drained, But new lakes often take their place and the boys remain the same.

Although they use more modern gear and their dress is up-to-date, The lure of fishing hooks them still, its pull is just as great. Dedicated to all old-timers, 12 years old. By B. and H. Coverings

Downy feathers serve as insula- tion, but flight feathers must be rugged yet flexible. Inset shows their construction. Interlocking hooklets on overlapping barbules are attached to barbs that join the shaft.