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JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY VOLUME 49 * MARCH 1984 0 NUMBER 3 Edward M. Scolnick, Editor in Chief (1987) Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories West Point, Pa. David T. Denhardt, Editor (1987) Harold S. Ginsberg, Editor (1984) Michael B. A. Oldstone, Editor (1988) University of Western Ontario Columbia University Scripps Clinic & Research Foundation London, Ontario, Canada New York, N.Y. La Jolla, Calif. Bernard N. Fields, Editor (1988) Robert M. Krug, Editor (1987) Robert A. Weisberg, Editor (1988) Harvard Medical School Sloan-Kettering Institute National Institute of Child Health and Boston, Mass. New York, N.Y. Human Development Bethesda, Md. EDITORIAL BOARD David Baltimore (1984) Hidesaburo Hanafusa (1986) Bernard Moss (1986) Bart Sefton (1985) Amiya K. Banerjee (1985) William S. Hayward (1984) Fred Murphy (1986) Phillip A. Sharp (1985) Andrew Becker (1985) Martin Hirsch (1986) Nancy G. Nossal (1984) Thomas E. Shenk (1984) Tamar Ben-Porat (1984) John J. Holland (1984) Abner Notkins (1986) Charles J. Sherr (1984) Kenneth I. Berns (1985) Ian H. Holmes (1986) J. Thomas Parsons (1986) Saul J. Silverstein (1985) Michael Botchan (1986) Robert W. Honess (1986) Ulf G. Petterson (1986) Lee D. Simon (1984) David Botstein (1985) Nancy Hopkins (1986) Lennart Philipson (1984) Ann Skalka (1985) Dennis T. Brown (1984) Peter M. Howley (1984) Lewis I. Pizer (1984) Ahmad I. Bukhari (1984) Alice S. Huang (1984) Craig R. Pringle (1986) Patricia G. Spear (1984) Barrie J. Carter (1984) Tony Hunter (1986) Carol Prives (1986) Nat Sternberg (1986) Purnell Choppin (1986) Masayori Inouye (1985) Robert Purcell (1986) Mark F. Stinski (1986) John M. Coffin (1986) Robert Kamen (1985) Fred Rapp (1984) F. William Studier (1984) Geoffrey M. Cooper (1984) Thomas J. Kelly, Jr. (1985) Dan S. Ray (1986) Lawrence S. Sturman (1985) Richard Courtney (1986) George Khoury (1984) M. E. Reichmann (1985) Jesse Summers (1985) Walter Doerfler (1986) Elliott Kieff (1984) Gordon M. Ringold (1984) William Summers (1985) Peter Dougherty (1986) Jonathan A. King (1984) Harriet Robinson (1985) John M. Taylor (1984) Harrison Echols (1984) Daniel Kolakofsky (1986) William S. Robinson (1986) Howard M. Temin (1985) Elvera Ehrenfeld (1986) Robert Lamb (1985) Bernard Roizman (1985) George F. Vande Woude (1986) Robert N. Eisenman (1985) Robert A. Lazzarini (1984) Naomi Rosenberg (1986) Inder Verma (1986) Suzanne U. Emerson (1986) Myron Levine (1985) Roland R. Rueckert (1985) Edward K. Wagner (1986) S. Jane Flint (1984) Douglas R. Lowy (1986) Norman P. Salzman (1984) Eckard Wimmer (1985) Yasuhiro Furuichi (1985) Robert Martin (1984) Joseph Sambrook (1985) Owen Witte (1986) Costa Georgopolous (1986) Thomas Merigan (1986) Charles Samuel (1986) Charles Hamish Young (1986) Walter Gerhard (1986) George Miller (1984) Priscilla A. Schaffer (1984) Julius S. Youngner (1986) Larry M. Gold (1985) Lois K. Miller (1985) Sondra Schlesinger (1986) Peter Gruss (1985) Peter Model (1986) June R. Scott (1986) Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications Board Walter G. Peter III, Director of Publications Linda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Journals Paula R. Ellison, Production Editor The Journal of Virology (ISSN 0022-538X), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the dissemination offundamental knowledge concerning viruses of bacteria, plants, and animals. Investigators are invited to submit reports of original research in all areas of basic virology, including biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, immunology, morphology, physiology, and pathogenesis and immunity. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available from the editors and the Publications Department. The Journal is issued monthly, four volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $249 per year; single copies are $21. The member subscription price is $37 (foreign, $49 [surface rate]) per year; single copies are $7.00. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies, availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition of submitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should be directed to the ASM Publications Department, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006 (phone: 202 833-9680). Claims for missing issues from residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico must be submitted within 3 months after publication of the issues; residents of all other countries must submit claims within 6 months of publication of the issues. Claims for issues missing because offailure to report an address change or for issues "missing from files" will not be allowed. Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Journal of Virology, ASM, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006. Made in the U.S.A. Copyright © 1984, American Society for Microbiology. E*: {rllif+kuJ ( I Jkt. All Rights Reserved. The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the arti- cle may be made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Author Index Anderson, Carl W., 692, 873 Fleckenstein, Bernhard, 938 Kohler, Martin, 658 Rafield, Lori F., 960 Anderson, Steven M., 881 Friedrich, Roland, 828 Kolakofsky, Daniel, 680 Ramig, Robert F., 665 Arsenakis, Minas, 813 Friedrichs, William E., 992 Kozak, Christine, 1005 Reagan, Kevin J., 635 Kuhn, Andreas, 902 Rice, Patricia L., 766 Robertson, Alice T., 652 Babiss, Lee E., 731 Galibert, Francis, 782 Roizman, Bernard, 813 Baltimore, David, 686 Gallahan, Daniel, 1005 Langer, Charlotte A., 701 Rombaut, B., 1002 Barisas, B. George, 980 Galloway, Denise A., 724 Leuther, Michael D., 980 Rose, John W., 988 Basilico, Claudio, 984 Gentsch, Jon R., 641 Levine, Arnold J., 692 Rosenthal, Ken S., 980 Bates, Robert C., 652 Gerin, John L., 701 Levine, Myron, 947 Rueckert, Roland R., 873 Beckson, Mace, 881 Gilboa, Eli, 686 Lomniczi, Bela, 970 Rundell, M. Kathleen, 997 Beigel, Michel, 1009 Ginsberg, H. S., 731 London, William, 848 Bellini, William J., 988 Girard, M., 717 Loyter, Abraham, 1009 Salzman, Lois A., 1018 Ben-Porat, Tamar, 970 Glorioso, Joseph C., 947 Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne M., 94' Blankenship, Mayme Lee, 970 Goff, Stephen P., 909, 918 Boettiger, David, 841 Sarnow, Peter, 692 Goldberg, Barbara, 635 Mackett, Michael, 857 Schirm, Sabine, 938 Boeye, A., 1002 Goldin, Alan L., 947 Bouck, Noel, 997 Maeder, Marlies, 892, 902 Schlesinger, Sondra, 865 Gordon, Marc L., 918 Mandart, Elisabeth, 782 Schwartzberg, Pamela, 918 Bouloy, M., 717 Graham, Dale E., 819 Brown, Dale D., 1018 Mauel, Catherine, 806 Semler, Bert L., 873 Grose, Charles, 992 McFarland, Henry F., 988 Shenk, Thomas, 692 Grubman, Marvin J., 760 McFarlin, Dale E., 988 Shenoy, Suresh, 674 McKeever, Paul E., 848 Smith, Geoffrey L., 857 Callahan, Robert, 1005 Medina, Daniel, 819 Smith, Gilbert H., 819 Carter, V. Celeste, 766 Halbert, Donald N., 692 Meyer, Thomas, 709 Spear, Patricia G., 741 Champoux, James J., 686 Hanafusa, Hidesaburo, 881 Miller, Nancy R., 848 Stout, Ernest R., 652 Chejanovsky, Nor, 1009 Hassell, John A., 925 Monroe, Stephan S., 865 Swain, Margaret A., 724 Cloyd, Miles W., 772 Hearing, Patrick, 692 Montenarh, Mathias, 658 Colicelli, John, 918 Henning, Roland, 658 Moss, Bernard, 857 Cote, Paul J., 701 Hirai, Kanji, 1014 Muller, Ingrid, 938 Templeton, Dennis, 799 Crawford, Sarah, 909 Holland, John J., 793 Tevethia, Satvir S., 766 Crowell, Richard L., 635 Holland, Louis E., 947 Traub, Franz, 892, 902 Horisberger, Michel A., 709 Nichol, Stuart T., 793 Horodyski, Frank M., 793 Dailey, Lisa, 984 Ueda, Shigeharu, 1014 Desrosiers, Ronald C., 938 O'Hara, Patrick J., 793 Drexler, Henry, 754 Ikuta, Kazuyoshi, 1014 Oliff, Allen, 828 Vialat, P., 717 Durban, Elisa, 841 Omilianowski, Daniel R., 873 Vrijsen, R., 1002 Jennings, Stephen R., 766 Walker, Duard L., 848 Eckhart, Walter, 799 Padgett, Billie L., 848 Ehrlich, Melanie, 674 Wallen, William C., 848 Pallansch, Mark A., 873 Wang, Lu-Hai, 881 Engle, Ronald E., 701 Karamata, Dimitri, 806 Pardigon, N., 717 Evans, Leonard H., 772 Wang, Richard Y.-H., 674 Kato, Shiro, 1014 Patterson, Jean L., 680 Williams, Bryan R. G., 748 Kay, Alan, 782 Pellegrini, Sandra, 984 Wimmer, Eckard, 873 Keller, Beat, 902 Penn, Linda J. Z., 748 Fields, Bernard N., 641 Kew, Olen M., 873 Petrie, Betty L., 665 Fikes, John, 997 Knipe, David M., 960 Pomerantz, Betsy J., 925 Zezulak, Kathleen M., 741 Fisher, P. B., 731 Koch, Werner, 828 Ponzetto, Antonio, 701 Zimmermann, Wolfgang, 828 AUTHOR INDEX VOLUME 49 Abramczuk, Jan, 540 Copeland, Neal G., 437 Gerin, John L., 701 Karamata, Dimitri, 806 Amati, Paolo, 566 Costa, R. H., 287 Gilboa, Eli, 686 Kashmiri, S. V. S., 583 Anderson, Carl W., 692, 873 Cote, Paul J., 701 Gilden, Raymond V., 615 Kates, Joseph R., 459 Anderson, Steven M., 881 Couez, Dominique, 615 Ginsberg, H. S., 731 Kato, Shiro, 1014 Arsenakis, Minas, 813 Courtney, Richard J., 594 Giordano, Roberto, 566 Katz, Richard A., 557 Aschman, Doris P., 236 Crawford, Sarah, 909 Girard, M., 717 Kay, Alan, 782 Auer, Bernhard, 588 Crowell, Richard L.,
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  • An Exploration of the Interplay Between HSV-1 and the Non-Homologous End Joining Proteins PAXX and DNA-Pkcs

    An Exploration of the Interplay Between HSV-1 and the Non-Homologous End Joining Proteins PAXX and DNA-Pkcs

    An exploration of the interplay between HSV-1 and the non-homologous end joining proteins PAXX and DNA-PKcs Benjamin James Trigg Gonville and Caius College This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 2. Abstract An exploration of the interplay between HSV-1 and the non-homologous end joining proteins PAXX and DNA-PKcs Benjamin James Trigg Abstract DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are essential in maintaining genomic integrity in cells, but many DDR proteins have other important functions such as in the innate immune sensing of cytoplasmic DNA. Some DDR proteins are known to be beneficial or restrictive to viral infection, but most remain uncharacterised in this respect. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a mechanism of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) repair that functions to rapidly mend broken DNA ends. The NHEJ machinery is well characterised in the context of DDR but recent studies have linked the same proteins to innate immune DNA sensing and, hence, anti-viral responses. The aim of this thesis is to further investigate the interplay between herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a dsDNA virus, and two NHEJ proteins, DNA protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA- PKcs) and paralogue of XRCC4 and XLF (PAXX). PAXX was first described in the literature as a NHEJ protein in 2015, but whether it has any role in the regulation of virus infection has not been established. Here we show that PAXX acts as a restriction factor for HSV-1 because PAXX-/- (KO) cells produce a consistently higher titre of HSV-1 than the respective wild type (WT) cells.