Exploring Discursive Constructions of Motherhood and Depression in Emerging Adult Talk Surrounding Maternal Depression
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Denver University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2015 “She Can Be a Superhero, but She Needs Her Day Off”: Exploring Discursive Constructions of Motherhood and Depression in Emerging Adult Talk Surrounding Maternal Depression Leah Seurer University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Seurer, Leah, "“She Can Be a Superhero, but She Needs Her Day Off”: Exploring Discursive Constructions of Motherhood and Depression in Emerging Adult Talk Surrounding Maternal Depression" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 589. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/589 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. “She can be a super hero, but she needs her day off”: Exploring Discursive Constructions of Motherhood and Depression in Emerging Adult Talk Surrounding Maternal Depression ________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of Social Sciences University of Denver ________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ________________ by Leah M. Seurer June 2015 Dr. Elizabeth Suter ©Copyright by Leah M. Seurer 2015 All Rights Reserved Author: Leah M. Seurer Title: “She can be a super hero, but she needs her day off”: Exploring discursive constructions of motherhood and depression in emerging adult talk surrounding maternal depression Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Suter Degree Date: June 2015 ABSTRACT Despite studies demonstrating the impact of health on the family and the family on members’ health, research exploring this intersection remains scant in both family communication and health communication. This study explores the nexus of health and family by examining constructions of motherhood and depression in emerging adult talk surrounding maternal depression. Using relational dialectics theory as the theoretical lens, the study examined talk collected in 36 one-on-one interviews with emerging adults asked to describe their experiences of having a mother with depression. Participant talk surrounding motherhood voiced two primary discourses of motherhood: (1) the discourse of real mother and (2) the discourse of ideal mother. Participant talk surrounding depression included four primary discourses of depression: (1) the discourse of depression as sadness, and (2) the discourse of depression as illness, (3) the biomedical discourse of depression, and (4) the psychosocial discourse of depression. Participant talk surrounding both motherhood and depression was a dialogically rich site of study with a high degree of diachronic separation, synchronic interplay, and transformative dialogue. Results demonstrate that meanings of motherhood and depression remain highly contested in emerging adult narratives. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At its core, this project was and is for my participants. Your resilience, compassion, and bravery demonstrate that every individual, no matter how young, has a powerful and beautiful story to share. To my mentors: Beth, thank you for teaching me more than I thought possible about research. Erin, thank you for teaching me more than I thought possible about teaching. Jill, thank you for continuing to advise me ten years beyond that first meeting. To Rieck, Barton, and Lightfield: You all consistently get my worst self but continue to be my friends anyway. Thank you for the care packages, phone calls, and emails. To my academic family: Lacey, thank you for taking that 16-hour “detour” on your trip home to see my farm. Steph, thank you for the hocus pocus in Salem. Brian, thank you for giving that presentation at NCA. Salma, thank you for driving me to the airport for my first on-campus job interview and subsequently walking me all the way to the security gate to make sure that I went. #DB #Besties #Nexties #Boxies #Perchies To my family: Keith, Krista, Joe, and Andrea, thank you for always welcoming me home with open arms and letting me be a part of Owen, Cason, Lucas, and Emily’s life. Dad, thank you for agreeing to pay for my car insurance as long as I had my first car or was in school, not realizing I would do both for twelve years. To my own mother, who always assured me I could become whomever I wanted, never realizing that the person I most wanted to become was her. I hope you know how perfectly you mothered, and how grateful I am every day for it. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER TWO ...............................................................................................................14 Review of Literature ..........................................................................................................14 CHAPTER THREE ...........................................................................................................74 Methodology ......................................................................................................................74 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................104 Results Part One: Discursive Constructions of Motherhood ...........................................104 CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................155 Results Part Two: Discursive Constructions of Depression ............................................155 177 CHAPTER SIX ................................................................................................................242 Discussion ............................................................................................................242 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................271 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................304 iv CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Along with providing individuals their first and often longest-lasting relationships, the family has long been regarded as a primary and powerful socializing unit for its members (Dunn, 2015; Grusec & Davidov, 2007). Parents, and in particular mothers, are integral to these communicative socializing practices (Ebsersole, Miller- Day, & Raup-Krieger, 2014). We learn about our family through our family stories (Koenig Kellas & Kranstuber Horstman, 2014). We develop ideas about gender roles and expectations and learn patterns of relational interaction by communicating with family members (Stack & Burton, 1994; Wood, 2012). Even after leaving our families of origin in adulthood, we recall memorable messages from family members that continue to impact the ways in which we live and understand our lives (Lucas & Buzzanell, 2012; Medved, Brogan & McClanahan, 2006). It is not surprising then that we also begin to establish our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding health through communication about health within the family (Geist-Martin, Ray, & Sharf, 2003; Pecchioni, Thompson, & Anderson, 2006; Segrin & Flora, 2006). In fact, everyday interactions and conversations in the family can impact how we make choices surrounding our health in addition to how we negotiate meanings of health and illness (Bruss et al., 2005; Tardy & Hale, 1998). 1 Just as the family serves as a central socializing unit in shaping members’ understanding of health, disruptions in health such as the diagnosis or maintenance of an illness shape members’ understanding of family. Because illness is inextricably linked to one’s body, it is often conceptualized as an individual experience. However, it is more accurately described as that which is physically experienced by one but socially and emotionally experienced by many (Jones, 2002). The experience of illness in the family, whether minor or life threatening, has the power to alter individual family members and their relationships to one another, as well as the family unit as a whole (Kawanishi, 2006). When a family member is ill, other members may undergo small and large-scale changes such as performing new tasks, handling new responsibilities, or taking on new roles. Because of this, illness in the family often requires family members to renegotiate their own roles and responsibilities, the roles and responsibilities of their family members, and their changing relationships to one another in the face of these renegotiations (Miller-Day, 2011). If the illness is chronic, these new tasks, roles, and responsibilities may become permanent, thereby altering the family and its members forever (Miller-Day, 2011). Though numerous physical and mental illnesses have the potential to create drastic and profound changes to the family, of particular interest to this study is the experience of depression. Unlike physical illnesses that can be explicitly