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Barberton Geological Field Mapping 2012.Pdf School of Environmental Sciences Department of Mining and Environmental Geology BARBERTON GEOLOGICAL FIELD MAPPING REPORT 2012 Surname & Initials Student No. Mbedzi A. 11602169 Mufamadi N. 11591847 Doyoyo F. Z. 11605822 Kgare F. M. 11605824 Neduvhuledza T. 11605842 Ramuada T. E. 11605952 Rakhadani F. 11606638 1 CONTENTS About the authors…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Akoledgeets…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Astrat…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Schematic representation of standards for geologial field appig……………………………… 6 List of figures…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 1. Chapter Oe: Itrodutio………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.1. Description of the study area……………………………………………………………………………… 9 1.1.1. Loatio……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 1.1.2. Vegetatio……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 1.1.3. Lad use…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 1.1.4. Cliate…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12 1.1.5. Pedology…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 1.1.6. Draiage patters…………………………………………………………………………………….. 13 1.1.7. Topography and terrain…………………………………………………………………………… 14 1.2. Ojeties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 1.2.1. Mai ojetie…………………………………………………………………………………………. 14 1.2.2. Geeti ojeties……………………………………………………………………………………. 14 1.2.3. Other ojeties………………………………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Chapter Two: Literature revie………………………………………………………………………….. 17 2.1. Geeral geology………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 2.2. ‘egioal geology………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 2.3. Detailed geology………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 2.3.1. Oeraht group…………………………………………………………………………………… 23 2.3.2. Fig Tree group………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25 2.3.3. Moodies group………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 2.4. “trutural geology……………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 2.4.1. Faults……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27 2.4.2. Folds………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 2.4.3. Joits………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 2.5. Mieralisatio…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30 3. Chapter Three: Methodology of the field appig…………………………………………….. 32 3.1. ‘eoaissae surey……………………………………………………………………………………….. 32 3.1.1. Ojetie………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32 3.1.2. Preparation and construction of traverse lines……………………………………….. 32 3.2. Field ork…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 3.2.1. Detailed field ork…………………………………………………………………………………… 34 Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 2 3.2.2. Items of equipment and tools………………………………………………………………….. 41 4. Chapter Four: Presentation of field obseratios……………………………………………….. 45 4.1. Rock descriptio…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 4.1.1. “edietary roks……………………………………………………………………………………. 45 4.1.1.1. Chert…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 4.1.1.2. “hale…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46 4.1.1.3. “iltstoe……………………………………………………………………………………….. 49 4.1.1.4. Quartz areites………………………………………………………………………………50 4.1.1.5. Arkosi sadstoe…………………………………………………………………………. 51 4.1.1.6. Conglomerate………………………………………………………………………………. 52 4.1.2. Metaorphi roks………………………………………………………………………………….. 53 4.1.2.1. “late……………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 4.1.2.2. Quartzite………………………………………………………………………………………. 54 4.2. Geologial ap produtio………………………………………………………………………………… 55 4.2.1. Procedure for map produtio…………………………………………………………………. 55 4.2.1.1. How to make a geologial ap……………………………………………………. 59 4.2.1.2. Cross setio………………………………………………………………………………… 60 4.2.1.3. Future of geologial appig……………………………………………………… 61 5. Chapter Fie: Disussios…………………………………………………………………………………… 63 5.1. Lily ie isit………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63 5.2. ‘eoedatios……………………………………………………………………………………………… 68 5.3. Colusios………………………………………………………………………………………………………….69 Referees………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70 Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 3 About the authors This document was compiled by group 2/B of 2012 group third year Mining and Environmental Geology students after mapping a portion of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. From Left behind: Mbedzi Adam (group leader) and Muleya Salume (tutor). From left middle: Rakhadani Fhumulani, Kgare France Mathudi, Doyoyo Farani Zwanga, Neduvhuledza Tshiembe, and Mufamadi Ndivhuwo (assistant group leader). Front: Ramuada Tshifhiwa Emmanuel. Every group member had a chance in the field to express themselves through the use of instruments i.e compass, map, hammer, etc., identitifying outcrops and rock specimen analysis. It should be noted though that, the tutor had no direct involvement or participation to the compilation of the document except through advice and guidance. The contents where divided and allocated for each member to write according to the interest of the group and the final compilation was done through discussions that involved revision and addition by other members of the group to each content written by a group member, and the information was agreed to be presented as compiled in this document. Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 4 Acknowledgements First and far most we would like to thank God who had helped us to keep up in hush conditions and kept us safe from all possible kinds of danger throughout our field mapping. We would also like to express our gratitude to our lecturers who had worked very much friendly with us, making sure that we grasp all concepts by going to the field with us and ready to answer every question of understanding we had in an objective manner such that we apply all we have acquired through our theory. Not forgetting our tutors who worked even more closely to us to help us present our field observation in the format required and also help us to understand some of the important practical concepts. Finally, we would like to say cheers to our group for working together as a group in all things we did during mapping and after, and giving each other the opportunity to express oneself. Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 5 Abstract Geological field mapping is a process whereby geologic data is collected through visiting the field in order to record the relevant data for the purpose of constructing a geological map. It involves reconnaissance where stundents are able to familiarise themselves with the study area including the terrain, weather and other conditions relevant to the actually reality of the field environment of the area. The most important parts also involves the actual field mapping where the actual measurements are conducted using specialised instruments such as magnetic compass, GPS-receiver, and others. The field observations are ought to be presented as per each field day and group discussions are held each day as for group members to have a common understanding about the field findings. The final product is a geological map that shows different lithologies and is produced by combining the maps from different groups, and is traced using the tracing paper and is scanned for digitizing together with the cross section. The line of the cross section is drawn in such that it should cut across almost all or all different types of lithologies in the map. Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 6 Schematic representation of standards for geological mapping Geological Field Mapping Project Inception Pre-field Activities Background and Significant Field Preparation Literature Review Conception Checklist for Field Equipment Guidelines for Project Proposal Forms Field Activities Data Presentation Geological Mapping Guidelines for Field Geological Report Geological Map Scheme for Field Geological Data Writing Preparation Rock Classification and Naming Collection Report on all the Format for Field Work Concerning Color Codes for Integration of Group Note Book Field Mapping Lithologies Maps to Produce a Continuous Map Digitization of the Map Adoption of the Departmental Writing Layout Barberton Greenstone Belt Geological Field Mapping © 2012 7 List of figures FIGURE 1: A MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF BARBERTON, MPUMALANGA, SOUTH AFRICA. .................................................... 9 FIGURE 2: A PICTURE SHOWING VEGETATION COVER AT BOTH LOWLAND AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN BARBERTON. ................... 10 FIGURE 3: A PICTURE SHOWING A PORTION OF BARBERTON LAND COVERED BY FARMS. ........................................................... 11 FIGURE 4: A PICTURE SHOWING BARBERTON LAND COVERED BY TAILINGS DAM AND SETTLEMENTS. ........................................... 11 FIGURE 5: A CHART SHOWING AVERAGE RAINFALL, AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES AND AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 FIGURE 6: IDEAL REPRESENTATION OF A DENDRITIC PATTERN. ............................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 7: A DIAGRAM SHOWING STREAMS FLOWING FROM A HIGH POINT FORMING A RADIAL PATTERN ..................................... 13 FIGURE 8: A PICTURE SHOWING A TYPICAL BARBERTON TERRAIN. ........................................................................................ 14 FIGURE 9: A GEOLOGICAL MAP SHOWING GENERAL VIEW OF THE BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT. ............................................ 18 FIGURE 10: A GEOLOGICAL MAP SHOWING THE DIFFERENT GROUPS OF THE BARBERTON SUPERGROUP. ..................................... 20 FIGURE 11: A DETAILED GEOLOGICAL MAP
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