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Project in Spotlight PROJECT IN SPOTLIGHT Law and Order Trust Fund for Afghanistan 2002 – 2013 Phase 6 : Jan 2011 – Mar 2013 LOTFA is a multi-lateral Trust Fund set up in 2002 as a mechanism for coordinating contributions from partners, as part of the international community’s support to build the Afghan national police force. ANDS Pillar 1 & Kabul Communiqué Focus Area Project Overview Security In recognition of the need to build the police force, in May 2002, at Contributions to date the request of the Afghan Government and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA), UNDP established $ 2.8 billion LOTFA. The project has been supporting the establishment, pay- ment, equipment, training and gender enhancement of the Afghan Proposed Budget for Phase 6 national police force. $1.4 billion LOTFA is nationally managed as per National Implementation Implementing Partners Modality (NIM) through the MoI, and is governed by UNDP’s finan- Ministry of Interior (MoI) cial rules and regulations. The MoF is the other responsible party to Ministry of Finance (MoF) / facilitating partner which all police remunerations are made on a quarterly basis. Current Donors Canada, Denmark, EU, Finland, Germany, Italy, Ja- Key Components: pan, Nether- 1. Improved performance of the Afghan lands, National Police (ANP). Norway, In Afghanistan, the traditional payroll processes used by the Minis- try of Interior (MoI) were manual, which were open to administra- Context tive inefficiencies. Salary payments to the police too, were made in Rebuilding the national civilian police force for nat- cash (rather than through individual bank transfers), thereby open- ional security and recovery represents one of the ing up possibilities for skimming by supervisors and payments to highest priorities for the ghost employ- Afghan Government. The Police Perception Survey 2011: The Afghan Perspective, ees. This im- The Afghanistan Nation- showed an 8-point increase since last year to 81 percent in the pacted serious- ly on police al Development Strategy number of Afghans expressing personal respect for the police; a (ANDS) has envisioned a morale and 6-point gain in the number who see it as a prestigious occupation professional, disciplined retention and and reinvigorated the to 75 percent; and a slight 3-point gain in overall confidence in their ability to police force that is re- the force to 74 percent. For more details about survey read here: respond effec- tively to public sponsible and loyal to http://www.undp.org.af/Publications/KeyDocuments/2011/PPS-Eng%20Version- the MoI, widely visible security re- 2011%20Final%20Lowest%20Res.pdf to and respected by the quirements. public, and capable of protecting human rights as Milestones and Achievements: well as fighting insurgency and drug trafficking. LOTFA developed the Electronic Payroll System (EPS), a com- Leading the Rule of Law Cluster puterized database that tracks time and attendance records for police officers across the country. Since rollout in 2006, the LOTFA has been assigned thee responsibility to lead EPS has become the most advanced payroll system in the GoA in the UNDP-Rule of Law (RoL) Cluster, comprising and operational in all 34 provinces, currently covering 99.2% of the police, justice, peace and reintegration, anti- the total police force. corruption and gender projects. The vision is to This is now being con- make an abiding contribution towards establish- verged into a more ment of improved, accountable and accessible RoL sophisticated and ac- in the country. The focus of the cluster will be on countable centralized building effective cross project synergies within ex- web-based payroll istent mechanisms, with potential for ‘quick-win,’ system, WEPS ‘quick - delivery’ projects, particularly in transition (dependent on net- districts. work expansion). February 2012 Milestones and Achievements: LOTFA helped the Ministry of Interior (MOI) to recruit around 1,300 additional females into the police since 2007 and trained 300 Trainers in gender concepts of domestic violence against women and children, as a sustainable resource base at the sub-national level. The Gender Mainstreaming Unit (GMU) was set up in MoI, among the first in any government Ministry, and provided leadership training and logistics support for progressive independent function- ing. In inaccessible regions, or areas that do not have banks, UNDP adopted Logistic support was provided for technology like the M-paisa system, which transfers salaries through setting up of Family Response Units in mobile phones. The M-paisa technology for mobile salary payments in key zones. LOTFA also set up the Afghan insecure regions currently covers around 500 police, with plans to ex- National Police Women’s Association pand to 25 new districts, covering approximately 4,700 police that do (ANPWA), for addressing service condi- not have access to bank accounts. tions of female police. 90-95% of funds were channeled through the national Government of LOTFA’s gender empowerment and fe- Afghanistan (GoA) budget, contributing to national ownership and prior- male recruitment work contributed to itization plans. more responsive police service delivery, particularly for female populace. During major political events like Presidential and Parliamentary elec- tions, as well as major International Conferences, European Police Costs and Partnerships (EUPOL) report appraised that police performed from “professional” or “excellent” to “good” or “reasonable.” Costs since inception have been around $3 million. For 2011 itself, the projected budget Periodic US military surveys (2010-2011) revealed that timely police remunerations through LOTFA led to an increase in police retention (8- is $2 million and for the whole of Phase VI, 10%) and decrease in absenteeism (13-15%), contributing to greater the estimated budget was $4.5 million. police professionalization. Effective synergies were built with the Min- Costs and Partnerships istries of Women’s Affairs, Labour and Edu- Contributions to the project since inception have been $2.4 billion. The 3 cation. LOTFA collaborated with the Europe- largest donors were US ($914 million); Japan ($565 million); and EU ($423 an Police (EUPOL) and bilateral police gen- million). For 2011 itself, the projected budget was $604 million. der projects for capacity and gender- themed workshops, and with UN Women, There was strong collaboration with other police sector organizations like UNHCR and UNFPA on promotion of UNSC EUPOL and International Police Coordination Board (IPCB) to align policy Resolution 1325 and Campaign against Elim- and funding components. Effective collaboration was developed with the ination of Violence Against Women. At the NATO Training Mission (NTM-A) in particular, for M-paisa and EPS pro- NGO level, strong partnerships were contin- grammes. Partnerships also proved useful in dealing with the security chal- ued with women organizations like the Af- lenge, particularly joint monitoring of projects at the provincial level. ghan Women's Network (AWN). 2. A more gender sensitive police force Given the Afghan context, there have been serious challenges to female recruitment and gender mainstreaming in the police and Ministry of Interior (MoI). Although the MoI’s strategy calls for 5,000 female police by 2014, there continues to be reluctance by young women to join the force because of the reputation and image of the police, systemic factors in work environ- ment like inadequate promotional avenues and lack of clear-cut allocation of operational functions, Afghan culture and family compulsions. This has been a constraining factor in Afghan National Police (ANP) developing into a more gender balanced force (current female ratio is only around 1% in total po- lice), and this impacts on the ability to provide gender- February 2012 sensitive service delivery. 3. Improved police and com- THE LOTFA IMPACT IN THE FIELD munity relations Improved police and community relations is now being institutionalized A pilot community policing project was un- through the establishment in 2011 of a “police-e-mardumi” (“policing dertaken in 8 Kabul districts for building with the people”) Secretariat in MOI. The Secretariat role includes for- credible and institutional police-community mal information sharing with civil society. However, limitations of insti- partnerships through supporting police and tutional capacity remain. community dialogue, legal literacy training and establishing “Information Desks” at Po- lice Stations. The objective to bridge the gap Supporting Female Leaders in the Po- between the police and communities in sup- port of the rule of law, furthering human lice rights and improving service delivery at the local level. At the request of MOI, the pilot Kabul, Afghanistan - Inside a classroom at the Kabul Police Academy, 21 has been expanded to 65 new districts in female po- lice officers are busy “transition” provinces of Nangarhar, Pan- typing away One of these students is on computers, cre- jsher, Laghman, Herat, Parwan, Daikundi, ating organ- Colonel Jamila Bayaz, with izational diagrams Bamiyan, Herat and Kabul. The expansion and enter- ing data into a docu- 25 years of experience as a programme has key components of sup- ment. “They’re writing a porting police deliver safety lessons to case file,” police officer. “Most police says Habiba, their schools, formal engagement with Universi- computer officers, male or female, do instructor. ties, setting up of women platforms, police not have these skills,”
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