State / District Wise Area, Production, Price and Value of Ten Major Crops in Assam from 2003-04 to 2012-13
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STATE / DISTRICT WISE AREA, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE OF TEN MAJOR CROPS IN ASSAM FROM 2003-04 TO 2012-13 (The Report prepared under 13th Finance Commission Grant.) Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam Jawaharnagar, Beltola, Guwahati-28 STATE / DISTRICT WISE AREA, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE OF TEN MAJOR CROPS IN ASSAM FROM 2003-04 TO 2012-13 (The Report prepared under 13th Finance Commission Grant.) Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam Government of Assam, Guwahati-28 <FOREWORD> The Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam has been conducting Crop Estimation Survey (CES) to estimate the Yield rate and Production of nine major crops starting with Winter Paddy, Autumn Paddy & Potato in 1950-51. However from 1974-75 onwards the CES has been conducted regularly for nine food and non-food crops to meet the Agricultural Statistics needs from time to time. In this issue of the publication an effort has been made to depict and analyse the Area and Production of ten major crops including nine CES Crops for ten consecutive years w.e.f. 2003-04 to 2012-13 alongwith farm harvest prices and accrued values to estimate the contribution of each individual crop towards the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Assam. The analysis work was taken up under 13th Finance Commission Grants, 2013-14 of the Government of India. I hope the report would be of immense help to the administrators, researchers, planners and academicians etc. I appreciate the pain taken by officers and staff of the Agriculture Division in bringing out the publication. Suggestions and comments for improvement of next issue of the publication are cordially solicited. Dated : -29th June , 2015 (Bimal Kr. Phookan) Place : -Guwahati-28 Director of Economics and Statistics, Assam OFFICIALS OF THE DIRECTORATE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PUBLICATION Pronay Kr. Goswami, Additional Director Ranjan Kr. Dutta, Joint Director Sewali Das, Senior Research Officer Dipalee Medhi, Research Officer Diluar Hussain, Research Officer & Officers & Staff of Agriculture Division <CONTENTS> Items- Page No. Introduction i – ii Findings from the Tables iii – xx Conclusion of the study xxi – xxii 1.) AREA, PRODUCTION, PRICE & VALUE OF TEN MAJOR CROPS Tables- Page No. 1.01 Area, Production, Price & Value of Autumn Paddy from 2003-04 to 2012-13 1-10 1.02 Area, Production, Price & Value of Winter Paddy from 2003-04 to 2012-13 11-20 1.03 Area, Production, Price & Value of Summer Paddy from 2003-04 to 2012-13 21-30 1.04 Area, Production, Price & Value of Jute from 2003-04 to 2012-13 31-40 1.05 Area, Production, Price & Value of Rape & Mustard from 2003-04 to 2012-13 41-50 1.06 Area, Production, Price & Value of Potato from 2003-04 to 2012-13 51-60 1.07 Area, Production, Price & Value of Wheat from 2003-04 to 2012-13 61-70 1.08 Area, Production, Price & Value of Matikalai from 2003-04 to 2012-13 71-80 1.09 Area, Production, Price & Value of Sugarcane from 2003-04 to 2012-13 81-90 1.10 Area, Production, Price & Value of Masur from 2005-06 to 2012-13 91-98 <INTRODUCTION> Agriculture continues to play a predominant role in the Indian Economy both in terms of share in the National Income as well as the economic activity for a majority of the rural population. Even though, presently this primary sector’s contribution in India’s Gross Domestic Product is 12.7 percent during 2012-13 (new series 2011-12 at Current Prices), with a share of employment to around 70 percent of the total workforce and accounts for around 13.6 percent of the total value of the country’s exports. The transition towards faster and more inclusive growth calls for significant thrust on Agriculture Sector. The economy of Assam is predominantly agrarian in nature where agriculture sector continues to support more than 75 percent population of the state directly or indirectly by producing employment avenues to more than 50 percent of the total workforce of the state. The farmers and the workforce engaged in agriculture activities has to encounter with adverse weather condition such as frequent flood and draught like situations along with lack of proper inputs in time, which affects the production and growth in this sector. The agriculture sector has registered a gradual decline in its contribution (GSDP at current 2004-05 prices) over the years from 2006-07 to 2012-13 towards state economy. Assam, the eastern most state of the Indian Sub-Continent extends from 220 19’ to 280 16’ North Latitude and 890 42’to 960 30’ East Longitude between the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas and the Patkai and Naga Hill ranges. There are mainly three types of soil quality across the state such as red loamy, lateritic and alluvial soil. Assam has an estimated Cultivable Land of 40.9 percent to the total Geographical Area and 87.5 percent of the Cultivable Land falls under Net Area sown. Rice is the predominant crop in the state along with some other important crops like pulses, jute, tea, sugarcane, potato, cotton, oil seeds, fruits crops, coconut, arecanut etc. In Assam, Area and Land use Statistics are built up on the basis of the Land Records maintained by the Revenue Agencies. (Referred to as “Land Record Statistics” for temporarily settled state). But in the Hill Districts of Assam, where there is no agency for Area Enumeration, Area Statistics is based on the impressionistic approach. i The area, of main component of 37 major crops are finalised by the State committee on Agricultural Statistics (SCAS). The second most important component of Production is yield rates. The yield estimates of 9 principal crops are estimated through analysis of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCE) conducted under scientifically designed General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES) under the technical guidance of the Field Operation Division (FOD) of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). The objective of these surveys is to determine the yield rates of the crops and to estimate their production at district level and for the State as a whole with reasonable degree of precision. The CCEs consists of identification and marking of experimental plots of a specified size and shape in a selected field on the principle of random sampling, harvesting and threshing the produce and recording the harvested produce for determining the percentage recovery of dry grain on the marketable form of the produce. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam has been conducting CES to estimate the Yield and production statistics of nine major crops since 1950-51 ( Winter Paddy, Autumn Paddy & Potato from 1950-51, Jute from 1951-52, Sugarcane and Rape & Mustard from 1957-58, Black Gram from 1962-63, Wheat from 1973-74 and Summer Paddy from 1974-75 ) From 1974-75 onwards Crop Estimation Survey has been conducted regularly for all the above mentioned food and non-food crops in the State by following the scientific method of Stratified Multistage Random Sampling method under the technical guidance of NSSO, (GOI). It is an old adage that “Agriculture Price Mirror the Economy of a Country”. It is truer in the case of an agricultural country like India. Viewed from this angle, study of farm harvest prices along with area, yield and production is quite important. In Assam no study has been carried out separately for these crops to ascertain how much values added to GSDP by these crops individually. Considering the importance of the matter, ten major crops have been identified and efforts have been made to prepare this report viz. –“State/District wise Area, Production, Price and values of ten major crops in Assam from 2003-04 to 2012-13”, with a set of tables from (1.01 to 1.10) where areas are finally approved by the State committee on Agricultural Statistics (SCAS). Productions are estimated from average Yield obtained by the General Crops Estimation Survey (GCES). Prices are the farm harvest price, and are collected in the peak harvesting period from different districts of the state. The report is prepared under the grants provided by the 13th finance Commission. ii < Findings from the Tables > From the tables depicted in the report it has been observed that during 2003-04, the highest area was covered by Winter Paddy 17,69,203 hectares followed by Autumn Paddy 4,41,142 hectares, Summer Paddy 3,19,480 hectares and Rape & Mustard 2,64,103 hectares. Accordingly Production of Winter Paddy was the highest which was 44, 26,729 tonnes with a highest contribution of value worth Rs. 2, 32,806 lakh the reference year followed by Jute and Sugarcane with a remarkable contribution of value amounting Rs. 79,152 lakh and Rs.42, 227 lakh respectively. Though the area under Jute (64,033 hectares) and Sugarcane (25,431 hectares) were in the 7th and 9th position among the ten reporting crops, it is noteworthy that Jute and Sugarcane accrued high values in that year. In the year 2004-05 too with a coverage of 16,36,050 hecteres area, Winter Paddy stood in top with a highest value of Rs. 2,20,632 lakhs. During the year under reference with a minimal value of Rs. 26,021 , lakh Autumn Paddy covered an area of 4,36,244 hectares. Jute added the second highest value of Rs. 61,749 lakh despite its area coverage of only 57,981 hectare. Sugarcane added 3rd highest value of Rs 57,215 lakh with a coverage of area of 23,942 hectare. In 2005-06 also, Winter Paddy covered the highest area of 17,07,340 hectares followed by Autumn Paddy (3,98,316 hectare), Summer Paddy (3,14,671 hectares) and Rape & Mustard (2,12,471 hectares).