“RUSH HOUR 2“ THESIS English Department Faculty of Letters A
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CODE CHOICES BY THE TWO MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED “RUSH HOUR 2“ (Based on Socio-Pragmatics Approach) THESIS Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department By WINDA ISTRINA C0305060 English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Surakarta 2010 i CODE CHOICES BY THE TWO MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED “RUSH HOUR 2” (Based on Socio-Pragmatics Approach) By Winda Istrina C0305060 Approved to be examined before the Broad of Examiners Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Thesis Consultant Drs. Sri. Marmanto, M. Hum NIP. 195009011986011001 The Head of English Department of Regular Program Dr. Djatmika, M. A NIP. 196707261993021001 ii CODE CHOICES BY THE TWO MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE MOVIE ENTITLED “RUSH HOUR 2” (Based on Socio-Pragmatics Approach) By Winda Istrina C0305060 Accepted and Approved by the board of examiners of Broad of Examiners Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University on January 2010 Position Name Signature Chairman Dr. Tri Wiratno, M. A ( ) NIP. 196109141987031001 Secretary Dr. Djatmika, M. A ( ) NIP. 196707261993021001 First examiner Dr. Sri Marmanto, M. Hum ( ) NIP. 195009011986011001 Second examiner Drs. Sugiyarto Budi Waskito, M. Pd ( ) NIP. 195211081983031001 The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University Drs. Sudarno, M. A NIP. 195303141985061001 iii PRONOUNCEMENT Name : Winda Istrina NIM : C0305060 Stated wholeheartedly of the thesis entitled Code Choices by the Two Main Characters in the Movie Entitled “Rush Hour 2” (Based on Socio- Pragmatics Approach) is originally made by the researcher. It is not a plagiarism nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are written in quotation and included in the bibliography. If it is then proved that the research cheats, the researcher is ready to take the responsibilities. Surakarta, January 2010 Winda Istrina iv MOTTO “… surely with difficulty is ease. With difficulty is surely ease. So, when you are free, nominated. And make your Lord your exclusive object.” (Holy Qur’an, 94: 7-8) What do we live for if it is not to make less difficult for each other? (George Eliot) Don’t be worried about tomorrow because tomorrow has not come, AND Don’t be afraid of today because today will be end. v DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to: My beloved “babe”and “ibuk” My lovely ‘brother’ in heaven, my sister and my little cute nephew, Ichal My future groom My lovely friends My self vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT Alhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamiin All praises are just for the Almighty God, Allah SWT and the prophet Muhammad SAW for the blessing so that I can have the capability to complete this thesis. Many sides had given a lot of assistance from the beginning to completion for this thesis. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to all people as follow: 1. The Dean of faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Sebelas Maret University, Drs. Sudarno, M.A. 2. The Head of English Regular Program, Dr. Djatmika, MA. 3. My thesis consultant, Drs. Sri Marmanto, M. Hum for the guidance, patience and critical advice to finish this thesis. 4. My academic consultant, M. Taufiq Al Makmun, S.S for all the guidance since last four wonderful years. 5. All lectures in English Department who have enriched my knowledge. 6. My beloved “Babe” and “Ibuk” for your never ending love, support, pray, and patience, devotion, affection and everything. 7. My ‘brother’ in heaven and my sister Anis Setyaningsih for giving me such a great love and support. 8. My future groom, Nit-Not (Insyaallah) for your support, care, and love. vii 9. My lovely friends, Napiz, Epha, Peya,and Benk-benk thanks for the love, fun time, and wonderful companionship. Thanks to you all who never stop to remind and support me to finish this thesis. Love you so girls. 10. The Chomskies 2005 (Pitria, Ratih, Dini, Anggi, Arif, Hesti, Lilis, Melon, Chemitz, Sari, Irena, Dian, and so on) thanks for the cooperation in Linguistics Study and for the nice jacket. 11. All my friends in English Department 2005 (Sony, Nunik, Yogi, Alwi, Intan, Joe, Astri, Hemi, Wunendro, Ebsy and everyone whom I cannot mention one by one). Thanks for our wonderful togetherness and keep our spirit by yelling “2005 SEMANGAT” 12. My Black English consultant, Miss Sarah, for all the guidance and nice meeting. 13. My Chinese consultant, Dek Putri, for the assistance. 14. All sides who give support and assistance directly or indirectly. I have tried my best in conducting this thesis. However, I realize this thesis is not perfect. Therefore, I expect some advices and supporting criticism to make this thesis give contribution for everyone. Researcher Winda Istrina viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE………………………………………………………………………..……i APPROVAL OF THE THESIS CONSULTANT………………………….…..ii APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF THE EXAMINERS……………….……iii PRONOUNCEMENT………………………………………………………..….iv MOTTO…………………………………………………………………..………v DEDICATION……………………………………………………………..…….vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………………….vii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………..……ix LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………….….xiv LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………..……xv ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………….…...….xvi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Research Background…………………………………………...…………1 B. Problem Statements………………………………………………………..6 C. Research Objectives……………………………………………………….6 D. Problem Limitations ………………………………………………………7 E. Research Benefits………………………………………….....……………7 F. Research Methodology………………………………………...…………..8 G. Thesis Organization…………………………………………….………….9 CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW A. Sociolinguistics………………………………………….…………….…11 ix a. Definition of Sociolinguistics…………………………………...……11 b. Scope of Sociolinguistics…………………………….……...…….…12 B. Pragmatics………………………………………………………….…….14 C. Socio-Pragmatics…………………………………………………………15 D. Dimension of Sociolinguistics…………………………………………...16 a. A social distance scale………………………………………….…….16 b. Status scale……………………………………………………….…..17 c. Formality scale…………………………………………………….…17 d. Functional scale………………………………………………………18 E. Language Variation…………………………………….………………...19 a. Dialect……………………………………………….……………….21 b. Accent……………………………………………….…………….….22 c. Style……………………………………………………………….….22 d. Register………………………………………………………….……23 e. Standard language………………………………………..…………..23 f. Non-standard language……………………………………………….25 F. Bilingualism and Diglossia………………………………………………26 a. Diglossia and bilingualism…………………………………………...27 b. Diglossia without bilingualism………………………………………27 c. Bilingualism without diglossia……………………………………….28 d. Neither diglossia and bilingualism…………………….……………..28 G. Language Choice……………………………………………..…………..28 H. Language and Code……………………………………………..………..29 x I. Domain of Language Use………………………………………..……….30 J. Code Switching and Code Mixing……………………………….………32 a. Code switching……………………………………………………….32 1. Situational code switching……………………………………….32 2. Metaphorical code switching…………………………………….33 b. Code mixing………………………………………………………….33 K. Ethnography of Communication…………………………………………34 a. Setting or scene (S)…………………………………………………..35 b. Participants (P)……………………………………………………….35 c. Ends (E)………………………………………………………………36 d. Act Sequence (A)…………………………………………………….36 e. Key (K)………………………………………………….……………36 f. Instrumentalities (I)…………………………………………………. 37 g. Norms (N)……………………………………………………………37 h. Genre (G)…………………………………………………….……….38 L. Communicative Competence……………………………………..….…..38 M. Rush Hour 2……………………………………………….……….…….39 a. Synopsis of the movie…………………………………………..……39 b. Character and characterizations……………………..………….……42 N. Review of Related Research…………………..…………………………43 CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research Type……………………………………………………………44 B. Data and Source of Data…………………………………………….……44 xi C. Sample and Technique of Sampling…………………………….………..45 D. Instrument of the Research……………………………………………….46 E. Technique of Collecting Data……………………………………………47 F. Technique of Analyzing Data……………………………………………48 CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS A. Introduction………………………………………………………………49 B. Data Analysis…………………………………………………………….49 a. The Code Choices by the Two Main Characters in the Movie Entitled “Rush Hour 2”…………………………………………...….50 1. English……………………………………………………………50 a) Formal English……………………………………………….50 b) Colloquial English……………………………………………52 c) Black English………………………………………………...54 2. Chinese……………………………………………………….......58 3. Switching between codes………………………………………...60 a) Switching from English into Chinese…………………..…….60 b) Switching from Chinese into English………………….……..62 4. Mixing between codes……………………………………………63 b. The Social Meanings in Choosing the Codes………………...………65 1. English……………………………………………………………66 a) Formal English……………………………………………….66 1) Showing respect……………………………….…………66 b) Colloquial English……………………………………………67 xii 1) Showing intimacy………………………………………...67 2) To avoid misunderstanding………………………………68 c) Black English………………………………………………...69 1) Showing intimacy………………………………………...69 2) Showing anger……………………………………………71 3) Showing surprise…………………………………………71 2. Chinese…………………………………………………………...72 1) Showing respect……………………………………………...72 2) Showing solidarity…………………………………………...73 3) To avoid misunderstanding…………………………………..74 3. Switching between codes………………………………………...75 1) To emphasize the message…………………………………...75 2) To avoid misunderstanding…………………………………..76 4. Mixing between codes……………………………………………78 1) Showing joke…………………………………………………78 2) Showing incompetence………………………………………79 C. Discussion………………………………………………………………..79 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions………………………………………………………………85