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Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Power Generation Sector Project (RRP INO 49203)

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Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Power Generation Sector Project (RRP INO 49203) Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Power Generation Sector Project (RRP INO 49203) Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 49203-002 February 2019 INO: Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia ─ Power Generation Sector Project Kupang Peaker 2 Core Subproject Main Report Prepared by Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted on 9 March 2018 available on {http://www.adb.org/projects/49203-002/documents}. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 February 2019) Currency unit – Indonesian Rupiah Rp1.00 = $0.0000657 $1.00 = Rp.15,224.75 ABREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Air Dispersion Calculation AIMS ASEAN Interconnected Master Plan AMDAL Indonesian broad equivalent to an Environmental Impact Assessment APG ASEAN Power grid AQS Air Quality Standard DLH Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (Environmental Agency) CFPP Coal Fired Power Plant EA Executing Agency (PLN) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (for Category A projects) EMP Environmental Management Plan GWh Giga Watt hours GFPP Gas Fired Power Plant GHG Green House Gas GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HSD High Speed Diesel IEE Initial Environmental Examination (for Category B projects) IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework ISO International Organization for Standardization LNG Liquefied Natural Gas NG Natural Gas O&M Operation and maintenance PAI Potential Acid Input PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Indonesian State Electricity Company) POI Point of Interest (receptor in the noise emission study) PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (the “PPTA Consultant” has been appointed by ADB to carry out the PPTA assignment) RKL - RPL EMP - Environmental Monitoring Plan in Indonesia RF Resettlement Framework PV Photovoltaic REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SMP Social Management Plan SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SS Substation OHL Overhead transmission line TOR Terms of References UKL – UPL Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Effort in Indonesia DEFINITIONS EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment: Assessment of the substantial impacts of a business and / or activities on the environment. EIA documents in Indonesia consist of: Terms of Reference (KA), AMDAL and RKL – RPL KA-ANDAL = Terms of Reference for the AMDAL AMDAL = Environmental Impact Assessment Document in Indonesia for significant impacts of a business and / or activity on the environment. RKL-RPL = Environmental Management Plan - Environmental Monitoring Plan: is a document containing a series of management and monitoring measures to be applied by the Proponent. This document applies for activities whose licensing requires a mandatory EIA UKL-UPL = Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Effort: is a document that contains the management and monitoring measures to be applied by the Proponent. This document applies for activities where licensing does not require a mandatory EIA. NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents I. Executive Summary i A. The Project i a. Project Background and General Objective i b. Project Classification, Objectives and Scope of the EIA i c. Project location and access to the site i d. Technical Project description ii B. Legal requirements iii C. Project categorization iii D. Environmental and social baseline conditions iii a. Physical environment iii b. Natural environment iv c. Socio-economic conditions v E. Impact assessment vi a. Impact on physical environment vi b. Impact on natural environment / ecological resources vii c. Impacts to socio-economic resources vii F. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan viii G. Public participation ix H. Overall findings and Recommendations x II. Introduction 1 A. Project Background and Objective 1 B. Scope of the Study 1 C. Data sources 3 D. Project categorization 4 III. Institutional and Legislative Framework 5 A. Domestic regulatory framework 5 a. Ambient Air Quality Standards 7 b. Regulatory framework related to Occupational health and safety, Disaster risk management 10 B. ADB Safeguards 11 C. National Legal and Institutional Framework 11 a. National Legal Framework 11 b. Indonesian Law related to Environmental Impact Assessment 13 c. Head of Environmental Impact Management Agency (BAPEDAL) Decrees 16 d. Other Relevant Requirements 17 e. National Institutional Framework 17 D. International Guidelines and Standards 18 E. Gaps between national requirements and international standards 19 IV. Description of the Project 22 A. Project setting 22 a. Project location 22 b. Access to the project site 23 c. The project site 25 B. Technical Description 26 a. Planned Technical Infrastructure of the PLTU Timor 1 and Kupang Peaker 1 site 26 b. Planned Technical Infrastructure for Kupang 2 29 c. Project Layout 33 C. Project associated facilities 33 D. Assessment of Project Alternatives 35 V. Description of the Environment 37 A. Physical environment 37 a. Topography 37 b. Geology and Soil 37 c. Seismicity 39 d. Surface water 40 e. Ground water 41 f. Climate 42 g. Precipitation 42 h. Wind 42 i. Air quality 44 j. Noise 45 B. Natural environment 45 a. Flora 45 b. Fauna 50 c. Protected areas and species 51 d. Laut Sawu Marine National Park (LSMNP) 51 e. Marine Habitats 54 f. Consultations with Fishermen 56 g. Additional marine expert study 60 h. Terrestrial Habitats 63 i. Species and conservation concern 65 j. Critical Habitat Screening Assessment 66 C. Socio-economic conditions 83 a. Population 83 b. Language 84 c. Ethnic Groups/Minorities 84 d. Human health 86 e. Land Acquisition and Social Safeguards Issues 86 f. Gender Aspects 88 VI. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 89 A. Methodology 89 B. Assessment criteria 90 C. Cumulative impacts 91 D. Design Phase and Pre-Construction Impacts 92 E. Studies and audits to be conducted during DED and pre-construction phase 93 F. Construction Phase Impacts 95 a. Earthwork, Material and Equipment Requirement 95 b. Physical Environment 97 c. Natural Environment 107 d. Human Environment (Socio-economic resources) 110 G. Operation Phase Impacts 112 a. Physical Environment 112 b. SO2 Impacts 116 c. NO2 Impacts 118 d. PM10 Impacts 121 e. Greenhouse Gases Emissions 127 f. Noise 128 g. Natural Environment 133 H. Critical Habitat Considerations 138 VII. Public participation 140 I. Information disclosure 140 J. Public Consultations to Date 140 K. Findings 140 L. Future information disclosure and public consultation 142 VIII. Environmental Management Plan 143 A. Introduction 143 B. Institutional arrangements for EMP implementation 144 C. Corrective Actions to be Implemented by PLN prior to contract award 145 D. Contractor Obligations Prior to Construction 146 1. Conduct of additional studies and surveys as part of DED 146 2. Preparation of Contractor EHS Plan 147 3. Securing Permits for Spoil Disposal Sites, Work Areas 148 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 148 F. Monitoring, Reporting 176 a. Monitoring 176 b. Reporting 176 G. Emergency/Incident Response Procedures during Facility Installation 184 a. Institutional arrangements and responsibilities 184 b. Alert Procedures 186 c. Emergency Response Situations 187 H. Costs of EMP Implementation 188 IX. OVERALL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 190 X. References 192 List of Tables Table 1: Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources 5 Table 2: Adapted Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources 6 Table 3: IFC emission guidelines for facilities larger than 50 MW with combustion turbines and combustion engines (IFC, 2008) 6 Table 4: National Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines 7 Table 5: National Standards and IFC Guidelines for Noise 8 Table 6: Marine discharge standards for Kupang Peaker 2 derived from National Standards and IFC Guidelines for thermal power plants 10 Table 7: Other characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Timor 1 PP 27 Table 8: Characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kupang 1 Peaker PP 28 Table 9: Characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kupang Peaker 2 30 Table 10: Clean water need plant at construction stage 31 Table 11: Water use and wastewater generation during operation phase 32 Table 12: Existing facilities and their Status 35 Table 13: Average Baseline Air Quality during 2016 44 Table 14: Air Quality observations during February 2017 44 Table 15: Data of forest function based on Kupang Regency 46 Table 16: Diversity of Mangrove Types in Nusa Tenggara Timur 46 Table 17: Forest Area in Kupang Barat Sub district 48 Table 18: Condition of mangrove habitat 50 Table 19: Nesting Locations for turtles near Kupang and Semau and Rote islands 59 Table 20: Marine features and coordinates of observations points during marine study 61 Table 21: List of Animals of Tuadale Lake Wildlife Reserve
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