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The Solutions for Young People of India Report Delivering High Impact SOLUTIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE OF INDIA Study examining solutions around life skills, employment opportunities and empowerment for young people in India SOLUTIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE OF INDIA Study examining solutions around life skills, employment opportunities and empowerment for young people in India SEPTEMBER 2020 Acknowledgements UNICEF Technical Support: Mita Gupta, Anahit Minassian, Suman Sachdeva, Indrani Sarkar, and Dhuwarakha Sriram. We would also like to acknowledge the invaluable inputs from Dhruv Arora, Terry Durrnian, Abhishek Gupta, Mami Kyo, Ananya Pandey, Prabhash Upadhyay, and Manasa Priya Vasudevan. Project Advisors: Sattva Consulting - Aarti Mohan (Co-founder, Lead - Foundations) and Shambhavi Srivastava (Lead - Research Advisory) Project Team: Sattva Consulting - Geetika Dang, Preity Khandelwal, Aishwarya Heda, Ritika Arora, Gitesh Aggarwal, and Dona Tomy. Design and Typesetting: Bhakthi Dakshinamurthy | [email protected] Cover Photo: Rishi Aurobindo Colony, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, January 2011. © UNICEF/UNI106627/Crouch About Sattva: This report was produced in collaboration with Sattva. Sattva is a social impact strategy consulting and implementation firm. Sattva works closely at the intersection of business and impact, with multiple stakeholders including non-profits, social enterprises, corporations and the social investing ecosystem. Sattva works on the ground in India, Africa and South Asia and engages with leading organisations across the globe through services in strategic advisory, realising operational outcomes, CSR, knowledge, assessments, and co-creation of sustainable models. Sattva works to realise inclusive development goals across themes in emerging markets including education, skill development and livelihoods, healthcare and sanitation, digital and financial inclusion, energy access and environment, among others. Sattva has offices in Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi. Delivering High Impact www.sattva.co.in [email protected] @sattvaindia SattvaIndia _sattva sattva-media-and-consulting-pvt-ltd- SOLUTIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE OF INDIA Study examining solutions around life skills, employment opportunities and empowerment for young people in India Abbreviations AEP Adolescence Education Program CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CYC ComMunity- The Youth Collective DaD Dream a Dream DFC Design For Change DNEP Draft National Education Policy GenU Generation Unlimited GER Gross Enrolment Rate GoI Government of India HHH Head Held High ICO India Country Ofce IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University LAHI Lend A Hand India LFPR Labour Force Participation Rate LFPS Labour Force Participation Survey LMIS Labour Market Information System MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development MoLE Ministry of Labour and Employment MoYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports MSDE Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship MSJE Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment MWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development NCERT National Council of Education Research and Training NCF National Curriculum Framework NCS National Career Services NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NICS National Institute for Career Service NIOS National Institute of Open Schooling NPYAD National Programme for Youth and Adolescent Development NSQF National Skills Qualication Framework NSS National Service Scheme NYKS Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan NYLP National Young Leaders Programme OOSC Out of School Children OOSG Out of School Girls PMKVY Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana PPP Public Private Parternships PSU Public Sector Unit PWD Public Works Department PwD People with Disability RPL Recognition of Prior Learning RSOC Rapid Survey on Children RYSK Rashtriya Yuva Sashaktikaran Karyakram SAG Scheme for Adolescent GirlsSkills Assessment Matrix for Vocational SAMVAY Advancement of Youth SDG Sustainable Development Goals STP Skill Training Providers SSA Samagra Siksha Abhiyan UN United Nations UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WASH Water, Sanitation, and hygiene WHO World Health Organisation Y4J Youth4Jobs YKA Youth Ki Awaaz Table of Contents Terminology 01 Executive Summary 03 About the Study 08 Introduction 11 Landscape analysis 16 Recommendations 39 Appendix 47 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Three Pillars and Five Focus Areas of YuWaah 09 Figure 2: Youth Unemployment Rates by Type of Skill Training 15 Table 1: Intervention Models for Flexible Learning Organisations 19 Table 2: Intervention Models for Life Skills Organisations 24 Table 3: Intervention Models for Career Guidance Organisations 28 Table 4: Intervention Models for Skilling and Placement Organisations 31 Table 5: Intervention Models for Youth Engagement Organisations 36 Terminology This report has evaluated landscapes across ve sectors - Life Skills, Flexible Learning, Career Guidance, Skill 6. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND PLACEMENTS: Development and Placement, and Engagement of Young People. However, there is a complex landscape of A life-cycle approach to Skill Development and Placement that: activities and associated terminology, which is not used consistently across all actors or countries. For consistency, the following terms and associated denitions are used in this document: Ensures that the job skills imparted to trainees are both marketable and aligned with the aspirations of young people. This report will use the terms skilling and skill development to refer to skill development for jobs. Enables placement and post-placement tracking to support handling of on-the-job uncertainties for a specic period.7, 8 1. YOUNG PEOPLE: According to UNICEF denition, the section of population spanning the age-group of 7. ENGAGEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE: 10-24 years are referred to as ‘Young People’. It includes both the overlapping terms of Right based inclusion of young people in the areas affecting their lives and their ‘Adolescents’ and ‘Youth’ that represent the age-groups of 10-19 and 15-24 years, communities through mechanisms that enable their participation in decision-making, respectively. 10-24 years dialogue with policymakers, and co-creation of solutions.9 2. YOUTH: According to the National Youth Policy 2014 (NYP-2014) and hence, Government of India, the term ‘Youth’ refers to the section of the population spanning the age-group of 15-29 years. In this report, the term youth has been used to refer to the age-group 15-29 years when discussing policies designed by the government, as the target beneciary’s age-group is based on the NYP-2014 age-group.1 When discussing participation in the job market, the report uses the term ‘youth’ as job-market indicators are only captured for the age of 15-59 in India.2 15-29 years Similarly, across the implementation organisations cases studies, the term ‘youth’ or ‘young people’ is used in line with the organisations target demograph/ beneciary. 3. LIFE SKILLS: A mix of ability, attitudes and socio-emotional competencies that enables individuals to learn, make informed decisions and exercise rights to lead a healthy and productive life and subsequently become agents of change.3 4. FLEXIBLE LEARNING: Learning solutions that allow for exibility in time, distance, pace, content, and entry requirements for students who have either never enrolled in elementary education or dropped-out of school.4,5 5. CAREER GUIDANCE: A comprehensive, right-based development approach, designed to assist individuals in making and implementing informed educational and occupational choices, that in turn lead to their social, nancial, and emotional well-being.6 Solutions for young people of India 01 6. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND PLACEMENTS: A life-cycle approach to Skill Development and Placement that: Ensures that the job skills imparted to trainees are both marketable and aligned with the aspirations of young people. This report will use the terms skilling and skill development to refer to skill development for jobs. Enables placement and post-placement tracking to support handling of on-the-job uncertainties for a specic period.7, 8 1. YOUNG PEOPLE: According to UNICEF denition, the section of population spanning the age-group of 7. ENGAGEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE: 10-24 years are referred to as ‘Young People’. It includes both the overlapping terms of Right based inclusion of young people in the areas affecting their lives and their ‘Adolescents’ and ‘Youth’ that represent the age-groups of 10-19 and 15-24 years, communities through mechanisms that enable their participation in decision-making, respectively. dialogue with policymakers, and co-creation of solutions.9 2. YOUTH: According to the National Youth Policy 2014 (NYP-2014) and hence, Government of India, the term ‘Youth’ refers to the section of the population spanning the age-group of 15-29 years. In this report, the term youth has been used to refer to the age-group According to UNICEF denition, 15-29 years when discussing policies designed by the government, as the target beneciary’s age-group is based on the NYP-2014 age-group.1 the section of population spanning age-groups of When discussing participation in the job market, the report uses the term ‘youth’ as 2 job-market indicators are only captured for the age of 15-59 in India. 10-19 (adolescents) and 15-24 (youth) Similarly, across the implementation organisations cases studies, the term ‘youth’ or ‘young people’ is used in line with the organisations target demograph/ beneciary. are referred to as ‘young people’. 3. LIFE SKILLS: A mix of ability, attitudes and
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