Making Life Multiplanetary
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By Tamman Montanaro
4 Reusable First Stage Rockets y1 = 15.338 m m1 = 2.047 x 10 kg 5 y2 = 5.115 m m2 = 1.613 x 10 kg By Tamman Montanaro What is the moment of inertia? What is the force required from the cold gas thrusters if we assume constancy. Figure 1. Robbert Goddard’s design of the first ever rocket to fly in 1926. Source: George Edward Pendray. The moment of inertia of a solid disk: rper The Rocket Formula Now lets stack a bunch of these solid disk on each other: Length = l Divide by dt Figure 2: Flight path for the Falcon 9; After separation, the first stage orientates itself and prepares itself for landing. Source: SpaceX If we do the same for the hollow cylinder, we get a moment of inertia Launch of: Specific impulse for a rocket: How much mass is lost? What is the mass loss? What is the moment of inertia about the center of mass for these two objects? Divide by m Figure 3: Falcon 9 first stage after landing on drone barge. Source: SpaceX nd On December 22 2015, the Falcon 9 Orbcomm-2 What is the constant force required for its journey halfway (assuming first stage lands successfully. This is the first ever orbital- that the force required to flip it 90o is the equal and opposite to class rocket landing. From the video and flight logs, we Flip Maneuver stabilize the flip). can gather specifications about the first stage. ⃑ How much time does it take for the first stage to descend? We assume this is the time it takes � Flight Specifications for the first stage to reorientate itself. -
Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science
MaRS: Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science M. Pätzold1, F.M. Neubauer1, L. Carone1, A. Hagermann1, C. Stanzel1, B. Häusler2, S. Remus2, J. Selle2, D. Hagl2, D.P. Hinson3, R.A. Simpson3, G.L. Tyler3, S.W. Asmar4, W.I. Axford5, T. Hagfors5, J.-P. Barriot6, J.-C. Cerisier7, T. Imamura8, K.-I. Oyama8, P. Janle9, G. Kirchengast10 & V. Dehant11 1Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, D-50923 Köln, Germany Email: [email protected] 2Institut für Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany 3Space, Telecommunication and Radio Science Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 95305, USA 4Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91009, USA 5Max-Planck-Instuitut für Aeronomie, D-37189 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany 6Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, F-31401 Toulouse, France 7Centre d’etude des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires (CETP), F-94107 Saint-Maur, France 8Institute of Space & Astronautical Science (ISAS), Sagamihara, Japan 9Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Geophysik, Universität zu Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria 11Observatoire Royal de Belgique, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium The Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science (MaRS) experiment will employ radio occultation to (i) sound the neutral martian atmosphere to derive vertical density, pressure and temperature profiles as functions of height to resolutions better than 100 m, (ii) sound -
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp
Project Selene: AIAA Lunar Base Camp AIAA Space Mission System 2019-2020 Virginia Tech Aerospace Engineering Faculty Advisor : Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Team Members : Olivia Arthur, Bobby Aselford, Michel Becker, Patrick Crandall, Heidi Engebreth, Maedini Jayaprakash, Logan Lark, Nico Ortiz, Matthew Pieczynski, Brendan Ventura Member AIAA Number Member AIAA Number And Signature And Signature Faculty Advisor 25807 Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Brendan Ventura 1109196 Matthew Pieczynski 936900 Team Lead/Operations Logan Lark 902106 Heidi Engebreth 1109232 Structures & Environment Patrick Crandall 1109193 Olivia Arthur 999589 Power & Thermal Maedini Jayaprakash 1085663 Robert Aselford 1109195 CCDH/Operations Michel Becker 1109194 Nico Ortiz 1109533 Attitude, Trajectory, Orbits and Launch Vehicles Contents 1 Symbols and Acronyms 8 2 Executive Summary 9 3 Preface and Introduction 13 3.1 Project Management . 13 3.2 Problem Definition . 14 3.2.1 Background and Motivation . 14 3.2.2 RFP and Description . 14 3.2.3 Project Scope . 15 3.2.4 Disciplines . 15 3.2.5 Societal Sectors . 15 3.2.6 Assumptions . 16 3.2.7 Relevant Capital and Resources . 16 4 Value System Design 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 4.2 Analytical Hierarchical Process . 17 4.2.1 Longevity . 18 4.2.2 Expandability . 19 4.2.3 Scientific Return . 19 4.2.4 Risk . 20 4.2.5 Cost . 21 5 Initial Concept of Operations 21 5.1 Orbital Analysis . 22 5.2 Launch Vehicles . 22 6 Habitat Location 25 6.1 Introduction . 25 6.2 Region Selection . 25 6.3 Locations of Interest . 26 6.4 Eliminated Locations . 26 6.5 Remaining Locations . 27 6.6 Chosen Location . -
The SKYLON Spaceplane
The SKYLON Spaceplane Borg K.⇤ and Matula E.⇤ University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA This report outlines the major technical aspects of the SKYLON spaceplane as a final project for the ASEN 5053 class. The SKYLON spaceplane is designed as a single stage to orbit vehicle capable of lifting 15 mT to LEO from a 5.5 km runway and returning to land at the same location. It is powered by a unique engine design that combines an air- breathing and rocket mode into a single engine. This is achieved through the use of a novel lightweight heat exchanger that has been demonstrated on a reduced scale. The program has received funding from the UK government and ESA to build a full scale prototype of the engine as it’s next step. The project is technically feasible but will need to overcome some manufacturing issues and high start-up costs. This report is not intended for publication or commercial use. Nomenclature SSTO Single Stage To Orbit REL Reaction Engines Ltd UK United Kingdom LEO Low Earth Orbit SABRE Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine SOMA SKYLON Orbital Maneuvering Assembly HOTOL Horizontal Take-O↵and Landing NASP National Aerospace Program GT OW Gross Take-O↵Weight MECO Main Engine Cut-O↵ LACE Liquid Air Cooled Engine RCS Reaction Control System MLI Multi-Layer Insulation mT Tonne I. Introduction The SKYLON spaceplane is a single stage to orbit concept vehicle being developed by Reaction Engines Ltd in the United Kingdom. It is designed to take o↵and land on a runway delivering 15 mT of payload into LEO, in the current D-1 configuration. -
Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS
ICES-2020-333 Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS Jason Silverman1, Andrew Irby2, and Theodore Agerton3 Space Exploration Technologies, Hawthorne, California, 90250 SpaceX designed the Crew Dragon spacecraft to be the safest ever flown and to restore the ability of the United States to launch astronauts. One of the key systems required for human flight is the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which was designed to work in concert with the spacesuit and spacecraft. The tight coupling of many subsystems combined with an emphasis on simplicity and fault tolerance created unique challenges and opportunities for the design team. During the development of the crew ECLSS, the Dragon 1 cargo spacecraft flew with a simple ECLSS for animals, providing an opportunity for technology development and the early characterization of system-level behavior. As the ECLSS design matured a series of tests were conducted, including with humans in a prototype capsule in November 2016, the Demo-1 test flight to the ISS in March 2019, and human-in-the-loop ground testing in the Demo-2 capsule in January 2020 before the same vehicle performs a crewed test flight. This paper describes the design and operations of the ECLSS, the development process, and the lessons learned. Nomenclature AC = air conditioning AQM = air quality monitor AVV = active vent valve CCiCap = Commercial Crew Integrated Capability CCtCap = Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CFD = computational fluid dynamics conops = concept of operations COPV = composite overwrapped -
CEO Yusaku Maezawa Announces the Launch of His Art Project, “#Dearmoon” the First Ever Flight of Private Passengers Around the Moon by Inviting Artists
Dear All media related readers September 18th, 2018 Start Today Co., Ltd. CEO Yusaku Maezawa Announces the Launch of His Art Project, “#dearMoon” The First Ever Flight of Private Passengers Around the Moon by Inviting Artists Yusaku Maezawa, CEO of Start Today Co., Ltd. (Headquarters in Chiba city) has announced his art project staged in space, “#dearMoon”, which will be the first ever flight of private passengers around the moon. This was announced at the Space Exploration Technologies Corp (State of California, USA - Hawthorne, from hereon SpaceX), accompanied by its CEO Elon Musk. Maezawa will invite up to eight selected world-renowned artists representing each field to join him on an orbiting flight on SpaceX's super heavy-lift launch vehicle “BFR”, which will fly them around the moon and earth for one week. This is an art project staged in space, which is purposed to have these artists create works of art from their inspiration of this experience of seeing the moon and round earth from space. The project was named “#dearMoon” to express admiration and respect to the moon, which has been such an inspiration to generations of humankind. Maezawa himself will certainly be joining these artists on this first ever flight of private passengers around the moon. The origin of this “project for humankind” came from Maezawa’s hope to “retain works of art 1 / 3 created from the inspiration of these artists who will fly around the moon” with him, for the future generation to admire. Maezawa has always believed that “art can bring people closer together, make them smile, inspire creativity and provide strength.” As an avid art lover and collector himself, he has founded the Contemporary Art Foundation, as well as lending the art work of Jean-Michel Basquiat to museums all over the world. -
Orbital Fueling Architectures Leveraging Commercial Launch Vehicles for More Affordable Human Exploration
ORBITAL FUELING ARCHITECTURES LEVERAGING COMMERCIAL LAUNCH VEHICLES FOR MORE AFFORDABLE HUMAN EXPLORATION by DANIEL J TIFFIN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis of DANIEL JOSEPH TIFFIN Candidate for the degree of Master of Science*. Committee Chair Paul Barnhart, PhD Committee Member Sunniva Collins, PhD Committee Member Yasuhiro Kamotani, PhD Date of Defense 21 November, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 2 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction and Background.................................................................................. 14 1.1 Human Exploration Campaigns ....................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Previous Mars Architectures ..................................................................... 21 1.1.2. Latest Mars Architecture ......................................................................... -
On-Orbit Servicing and Refueling Concepts!
On-orbit Servicing and Refueling Concepts! June 17, 2015 Benjamin B. Reed Deputy Project Manager Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office http://ssco.gsfc.nasa.gov Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] Introduction! • Over the past five years, NASA has: – Invested in satellite-servicing technologies and tested them on the ground and in orbit – Examined several different “design reference missions” • Non-Shuttle-based Hubble Space Telescope • Propellant depot • 30-m telescope assembly • GOES-12 refueling (GEO) • Landsat 7 refueling (LEO) Growing momentum towards robotic satellite servicing capability. Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 2 In Space Robotic Servicing ! • The Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office is responsible for the overall management, coordination, and implementation of satellite servicing technologies and capabilities for NASA. To meet these objectives it: – Conducts studies – Conducts demonstration experiments in orbit and on the ground – Manages technology development and satellite servicing missions – Advises and designs cooperative servicing elements and subsystems Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 3 In Space Robotic Servicing Team and Partners! Johnson Space Canadian Space Center Agency Goddard Space Flight Center Department of Defense Space Test Program Glenn Research Center WVU RPI JHU UMD Naval Research Kennedy Laboratory Space Center Pre-decisional. Do not forward or post without the consent of [email protected] 4 Servicing Supports Multiple Objectives! On-orbit Assembly Asteroid Infrastructure Redirection Inspection and Maintenance Fleet Management Government and Commercial Human Exploration Observatory Servicing Servicing Planetary Capabilities! Defense Propellant Depot 5 5 Pre-decisional. -
The Terraforming Timeline. A. J. Berliner1 and C. P. Mckay2
Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1989) 8031.pdf The Terraforming Timeline. A. J. Berliner1 and C. P. McKay2, 1University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, [email protected], 2Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94075. Introduction: Terraforming, the transformation of particularly the winter South Polar Cap, and any CO2 a planet so as to resemble the earth so that it can sup- that is absorbed into the cold ground in the polar re- port widespread life, has been described as a grand gions. Once the warming starts all this releasable CO2 challenge of both space sciences and synthetic biology will go into the atmosphere. Thus, it is important to [1,2]. We propose the following abstract on a Martian know the total before warming starts. Current esti- Terraforming timeline as a guide to shaping planetary mates of the releasable CO2 on Mars today range from science research over the coming century. a little more than the present thin atmosphere to values Terraforming Mars can be divided into two phases. sufficient to create a pressure on Mars equal to the sea The first phase is warming the planet from the present level pressure on Earth. Nitrogen is a fundamental re- average surface temperature of -60ºC to a value close quirement for life and necessary constituent of a to Earth’s average temperature to +15ºC, and re- breathable atmosphere. The recent discovery by the creating a thick CO2 atmosphere [3,4,5,6] This warm- Curiosity Rover of nitrate in the soil on Mars (~0.03% ing phase is relatively easy and quick, and could take by mass) is therefore encouraging for terraforming [7]. -
Organic Matter and Water from Asteroid Itokawa Q
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Organic matter and water from asteroid Itokawa Q. H. S. Chan1,2*, A. Stephant2, I. A. Franchi2, X. Zhao2, R. Brunetto3, Y. Kebukawa4, T. Noguchi5, D. Johnson2,6, M. C. Price7, K. H. Harriss7, M. E. Zolensky8 & M. M. Grady2,9 Understanding the true nature of extra-terrestrial water and organic matter that were present at the birth of our solar system, and their subsequent evolution, necessitates the study of pristine astromaterials. In this study, we have studied both the water and organic contents from a dust particle recovered from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission, which was the frst mission that brought pristine asteroidal materials to Earth’s astromaterial collection. The organic matter is presented as both nanocrystalline graphite and disordered polyaromatic carbon with high D/H and 15N/14N ratios (δD = + 4868 ± 2288‰; δ15N = + 344 ± 20‰) signifying an explicit extra-terrestrial origin. The contrasting organic feature (graphitic and disordered) substantiates the rubble-pile asteroid model of Itokawa, and ofers support for material mixing in the asteroid belt that occurred in scales from small dust infall to catastrophic impacts of large asteroidal parent bodies. Our analysis of Itokawa water indicates that the asteroid has incorporated D-poor water ice at the abundance on par with inner solar system bodies. The asteroid was metamorphosed and dehydrated on the formerly large asteroid, and was subsequently evolved via late-stage hydration, modifed by D-enriched exogenous organics and water derived from a carbonaceous parent body. Understanding the earliest chemical reactions involving liquid water provides crucial insights to how simple building blocks of organic compounds evolved into increasingly complex macromolecules via actions of water. -
A New Era for AI, Human-Robotic Interactions (HRI), and Multidisciplinary Social Science?
International Robotics & Automation Journal Research Article Open Access Terra forming of social systems and human behavior: a new era for AI, human-robotic interactions (HRI), and multidisciplinary social science? Abstract Volume 6 Issue 4 - 2020 This mini-script seeks to generate concerns around an emerging field of work related Édgar Giovanni Rodríguez Cuberos to space exploration and the rest of society generated by the idea of human colonies in Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Fundación Universitaria extraterrestrial environments (space stations, moons, and planets). There exists abundant Juan de Castellanos, Colombia literature on terraforming from biogeochemical conditions, however, there is very limited research about human behavior, interactions, and specific studies of relationships with Correspondence: Édgar Giovanni Rodríguez Cuberos, robots and artificial intelligence into the environments presented previously. For this Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Humanidades y Artes, reason, and with the intention of not replicating the same problems derived from our human Fundación Universitaria Juan de Castellanos, Tunja –Colombia, condition (violence, extractivism, corruption, etc) preliminary ideas are exposed to think Email and contribute to the emerging field of cosmoeducation or exo-humanities and others “exo –disciplines” oriented to alternated social systems and human behavioral for a new era of Received: August 20, 2020 | Published: December 17, 2020 exploration. Keywords: AI ethics, human robot interactions (HRI), social terraforming, exohumanities, posthumanities Introduction of supporting Earth-like life, however, the looming ecological consequences of human activities suggest that in the decades to come “When you eliminate the impossible, what remains, while we might need to terraform our own planet if it is to remain a viable improbable, must be the truth.” host for Earth-like life.” Mr. -
Satellite & Newspace Snapshot
Global Recruitment & Executive Search Satellite & NewSpace Specialists MARCH 2021 Satellite & NewSpace Snapshot INDUSTRY INSIGHTS - LATEST NEWS No Let Up In February as NASA Lands on Mars In this issue: and Funding Free For All Omnispace Close $60m Funding Round Continues To Help Develop Satellite Network for 5G, IoT and Global Communications While it might be the shortest month of the year, February still managed to cram in a number of exciting developments and further innovation to keep up the strong start in 2021. In fact, so much has happened this February we SpaceX Announce Inspiration4 Mission and struggled to condense it into just a few articles! Offer The Chance to Win a Seat on a Falcon 9 This month we have seen NASA land its Perseverance rover on the surface of Mars, SpaceX launch more of it’s Starlink constellation and have a rare first stage landing failure, investment keeps rolling into the NewSpace Omnispace Lyteloop economy with a number of start-ups closing funding rounds and more established players like Telesat receive further funding as well exciting news SpaceX Axiom Space from Intelsat as they move closer to coming out of chapter 11. NASA Telesat As more and more positive development take place in the space industry we wait with baited breath to see what more 2021 has up its sleeves for us. Intelsat Osprey Technology BlackSky Acquisition www.neuco-group.co.uk [email protected] Market Insights Omnispace Close $60m Funding Intelsat Announce Agreement with Round To Help Develop Satellite Creditors to Reduce Debt By More Network for 5G, IoT and Global Than 50% Communications The world’s largest satellite operator, Intelsat, announced Omnispace announced this month they had closed a this month that they have come to an agreement with round of equity financing of $60m to keep the launch of their creditors to reduce its debt liabilities by over 50%.