Strategi Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Mengatasi Konflik

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Strategi Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Mengatasi Konflik STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK BUDAYA PASOLA (Studi Tentang Kebudayaan Pasola di Desa Wainyapu Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur) TESIS Oleh: SAMUEL BORA LERO 17610016 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU PEMERINTAHAN SEKOLAH TINGGI PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT DESA”APMD” YOGYAKARTA 2018 PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : SAMUEL BORA LERO NIM : 17610016 Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa tesis yang berjudul STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK BUDAYA PASOLA, Studi Kasus Tentang Kebudayaan Pasola di Desa Wainyapu Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian di Desa Wainyapu Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya adalah betul-betul karya saya sendiri. Hal-hal yang bukan karya saya dalam tesis tersebut telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti pernyataan saya ini tidak benar, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan tesis dan gelar yang saya peroleh dari tesis tersebut. Yogyakarta, 5 November 2018 Yang membuat pernyataan Samuel Bora Lero iii KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yesus Kristus/Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan tesis sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan program Studi Magister (S2) Ilmu Pemerintahan di Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “APMD” Yogyakarta. Penelitian berjudul “STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK BUDAYA PASOLA, Penelitian di Desa Wainyapu Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Terselesaikannya penyusunan tesis ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan doa, bimbingan maupun saran-saran yang berguna dalam penyusunan tesis. Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. R. Widodo Triputro, selaku Direktur Program Magister Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “AMPD” Yogyakarta. 2. Ibu Dr. Yuli Setyowati, selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang telah memberikan arahan dan bimbingan dengan penuh kesabaran sampai selesainya tesis ini. 3. Bapak Drs. Triyanto Purnomo Raharjo, M.Si, selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah memberikan arahan dan bimbingan dengan penuh kesabaran sampai selesainya tesis ini. 4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Program Magister Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “AMPD” Yogyakarta, yang telah membekali banyak ilmu pengetahuan. iv 5. Saudara-saudari yang telah memberikan dukungan dan menjadi motivator untuk menyelesaikan tesis ini. 6. Rekan-rekan mahasiswa Program Magister Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “AMPD” Yogyakarta. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam usaha penyusunan tesis ini tidak luput dari kekurangan, kesulitan, hambatan maupun rintangan, sehingga tesis ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Tuhan kita Yesus Kristus memberikan dan melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya kepada Bapak dan Ibu Dosen dan semua pihak atas segala bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga tesis ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak serta menambah wacana pemikiran bagi semua pihak yang berminat pada penelitian dibidang ini. Yogyakarta, 5 November 2018 Penulis Samuel Bora Lero v MOTTO Serahkanlah perbuatanmu kepada Tuhan Maka terlaksanalah segala rencanamu. (Amsal 16:3) Orang-orang yang menabur dengan mencucurkan air mata, akan menuai dengan bersorak-sorai. Orang yang berjalan maju dengan menangis sambil menabur benih, pasti pulang dengan sorak-sorai sambil membawa berkas-berkasnya. (Mazmur 126:5-6) Tuhan tidak pernah merancangkan kecelakaan dalam hidupku, tetapi rancangan damai sejahtera untuk memberikan kepada ku hari depan yang penuh harapan. (Yeremia 29:11) Bersukacitalah dalam pengharapan, sabarlah dalam kesesakan, dan bertekunlah dalam doa! (Roma 12:12) vi PERSEMBAHAN Dengan sukacita tesis ini ku persembahkan kepada: 1. Sahabat karibku Yesus Kristus sang Juruselamat ku yang memberikan napas kehidupan hingga sampai detik ini dan pemberi damai sejahtera. 2. Almarhum ayah tercinta Petrus Malo Bulu yang sudah bersama para Roh kudus di surga dan Mama terkasih Magdalena Leda Dapa yang memberikan dukungan doa setiap saat maupun dukungan lewat materi. 3. Kaka Lodowyek Dapa Ramo beserta istri Mama Helga, kaka Pdt Soleman Ole Awa bersama istri Mama Calista, kaka guru Simon Boru Lodo, angw guru Menase L. Pote serta istri terkasih Mama Jhosua, adi bungsu Santy Solagratia kaka bapak Jhen, kaka Bapak Fani dan kaka Bapak Rio yang dengan sepenuh hati mendidik, mengajar semua hal tentang hidup, terima kasih untuk didikan, bimbingan serta dukungan moril maupun materil dalam proses perjuangan mencari ilmu, Tuhan Yesus baik. 4. Teman-teman sekeluarga besar Kerapatan Gereja Baptis Indonesia Jemaat Immanuel Bali yang dengan kerendahan hati mendoakan saya. 5. Teman-teman Ikatan Pemuda Kalimbutadei (IPK), GKNF Babarsari Yogyakarta dan adi-adi yang telah membantu dalam penelitian, adi Lodo, adi Oncu dan angw Petu. 6. Masyarakat Kodi dan pada umumnya masyarakat Sumba yang menjaga dan mencintai budayanya serta pemerintah kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. vii 7. Sahabatku bang Gani Latuconsina, Ningrum puspa, Dewi Chatarina, Rizal Pawane, Jefri Hahang, Rolly Luku, Eky Rahawarin, Arifudin dan Chika Kadmaerubun. 8. Semua sahabatku dan teman-teman angkatan 19 tahun 2017 STPMD “APMD” yang telah memberi dukungan dalam proses perkulian sampai pada proses pembuatan tesis ini. Terima kasih untuk cinta dan kasihnya. 9. Almamater tercintaku Program Magister Sekolah Tinggi Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa “AMPD” Yogyakarta. 10. Tuhan Yesus memberkati kita semua dengan kasih karuniaNya. viii DAFTAR ISI halaman JUDUL …............................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAH …...................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN….................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANT ….............................................................................. iv MOTTO.................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR PERSEMBAHAN................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................... xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................... xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN............................................................................ xiv ABTRAKSI............................................................................................... xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ........................................................... 1 B. Fokus Penelitian ........................................................................ 12 C. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................... 12 D. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................. 12 1. Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................... 12 2. Manfaat Penelitian................................................................... 13 E. Kerangka Konseptual.................................................................... 15 1. Konflik Sosial ........................................................................ 15 ix 2. Kebudayaan Pasola ................................................................ 24 3. Strategi Pemerintah Daerah ................................................... 25 F. Kerangka Pemikiran...................................................................... 27 G. Metode Penelitian…...................................................................... 29 1. Jenis Penelitian ..................................................................... 29 2. Obyek Penelitian .................................................................. 31 3. Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................. 31 4. Teknik Pemilihan Subjek Penelitian ...................................... 32 5. Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 33 6. Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................ 34 BAB II PASOLA SEBAGAI BUDAYA DI DESA WAINYAPU KECAMATAN KODI BALAGHAR KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR........... ........... 37 A. NYALE ( Cacing Laut)............................................................ 44 B. KUDA...................................................................................... 46 C. TOMBAK ............................................................................... 48 D. TUJUAN PASOLA................................................................. 49 E. ATURAN-ATURAN DALAM PASOLA............................... 49 F. SUKU-SUKU YANG IKUT DALAM PASOLA.................... 51 G. TEMPAT DAN PERLENGKAPAN PASOLA....................... 53 BAB III NALISIS STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK BUDAYA PASOLA......................... 58 x A. TEMUAN PENELITIAN............................................................ 58 1. Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Konflik dalam Budaya
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