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Network Troubleshooting

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Network Troubleshooting by Othmar Kyas K Index An Agilent Technologies Publication Agilent Technologies Index K 10 Mbit/s Ethernet Networks 173 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) 297, 301 100Base-T Full-Duplex Connections 177 Asynchronous transmission 277 100Base-T Switch Links 179 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 346 100Base-T Uplinks 179 ATM addressing 367 10Base-T 174 ATM and DXI interfaces 323 2B1Q (two binary, one quaternary) 97 ATM cell 328 2B1Q coding 441 ATM cell streams at 25.6 Mbit/s 323 2B1Q lines 442 ATM cell streams over FDDI infrastructures (TAXI) 322 4B3T lines 442 ATM cell streams over V.35, EIA/TIA 449/530, HSSI, 322 4B5B encoding 123 ATM cell types 335 55555555 197 ATM data rates 307 802.2 LLC XID Test Packet 191 ATM forum signaling: UNI 3.0 372 8B6T encoding 123 ATM forum signaling: UNI 4.0 373 ATM forum UNI signaling: UNI 3.0, 3.1, 4.0 369 A ATM in heterogeneous LAN environments 299 A/C Error (Isolating) 247 ATM in homogeneous private networks 298 AAAAAAAA 197 ATM in PDH networks 307 AAL Type 0 347 ATM in public wide-area networks 301 AAL Type 1 347 ATM in SDH and SONET networks 314 AAL Type 2 349 ATM interface cards 417 AAL Type 3/4 353 ATM interworking 375 AAL Type 5 353 ATM layer 328 AAL2 error messages 351 ATM layer model 303 Abort error (isolating) 247 ATM layer OAM functions 341 Abstract Test Suite (ATS) 118, 119 ATM over 100 Ohm copper cable 320, 321 Acceptance testing 37 ATM over 150 Ohm Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) 321 Accounting management 46 ATM over 6.312 Mbit/s and 97.728 Mbit/s 311 Active Line State (ALS) 267 ATM over 75 Ohm coaxial cable 319 Active Monitor Present (AMP) 235 ATM over DS3: 44.736 Mbit/s 309 Active optical stars 199 ATM over E1: 2.048 Mbit/s 308 Address recognized error 255 ATM over E3 34.368 Mbit/s 308 Address table (forwarding table) 207 ATM over E4: 139.264 Mbit/s 311 Adjusted Ring Length (ARL) 240 ATM over multimode fiber 318 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 97 ATM over Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) 318 Aging 118 ATM over single-mode fiber 316 Aging algorithm 207 ATM performance parameters 401 Aging of materials 49 ATM physical layer 305 Air gap 163 ATM routing label field (VPI-VCI) 329 Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) 316 ATM signaling 359 Alexander Graham Bell 102 ATM: symptoms and causes 418 Alignment errors 189 Attachment Universal Interface (AUI) 173 Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) 442 Attenuation 99, 136 Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) codes 93 Attenuation budget 164 Alternate Space Inversion (ASI) 440 Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) 136 Analog and digital data communications 85 AU AIS 527 Analog data communications 87 AU alarm indication signal 527 Analyzing physical layer OAM information flows 397 AU LOP 527 Annual Failure Rate (AFR) 30 AU NDF 527 Application classes for structured cabling 146 AU pointer–New data flag 527 Application looping 622 Automatic error reaction systems 37 Application slow 623 Availability 32 Asymmetrical load distribution 426 Availability levels and downtime 36 Asynchronous data communication 101 Available time 110 SECTION V APPENDIX 988 INDEX K B Carrier sense failures 191 Carrierless Amplitude Modulation (CAM) 320 B-channel 440 Catastrophe theory 25 B-ISUP signaling 373 Category 7 cabling 155 B1 526 Cause-effect diagram 57 B2 526 Causes of network failure 27 B3 527 Causes of system failures 29 Backup browse servers 621 Cell Delay Variation (CDV) 405 Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN) 470 Cell Error Ratio (CER) 402 Baseband principle 86 Basic rate access 435 Cell Loss Priority (CLP) 331, 340 Baud rate 86 Cell Loss Ratio (CLR) 404 Bayonet Neil-Concelman (BNC) 443 Cell Misinsertion Rate (CMR) 405 Beacon (BCN) 235 Cell switching 127 Beacon error (Token-Ring Protocol) 247 Cell Transfer Delay (CTD) 405 Beacon frame 236 Cell-based physical layer 305, 321 Beacon process 278 Change management 54 Bias distortion 112 Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) 491 BIP 2/B3 527 Character-oriented control systems 102 Bipolar codes 93 Cheapernet 147 Bipolar with Eight-Zero Substitution (B8ZS) 442 Checklist for cable testers 65 Bit rate 86 Checklist for hardware-based protocol analyzers 75 Bit rates in the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) 487 Checklist for oscilloscopes 68 Bit-error-rate measurement 107 Checklist for portable OTDRs 65 Bit-error-rate test setup 112 CIFS (Common Internet File System) 616 Bit-error-rate testers 70 CIR (Committed Information Rate) 483 Bit-oriented control 102 Claim initiator identification 288 Block-error rate 108 Claim token (Token-Ring protocol) 247 BNC connectors 148 Claim token (FDDI protocol) 278 BPDU transmission delay 202 Clamp-on probe 104 Bridge filters 203 Class 1 repeaters 179 Bridge latency 202 Class 2 repeaters 179 Bridge loops 429 Classical IP and ARP over ATM (RFC 2225) 376 Bridge problems 204 Clock synchronization 102 Bridges 200 Clustering 37 Bridging amplifier 104 Coaxial cable 147 Bridging protocol 201 Codeset extensions (message sets) 453 British Naval Connector (BNC) 443 Cold backups 47 Broadband principle 85 Collision domains 196 Broadband signal level meters 72 Collisions 187 Broadband systems 87 Color coding 159 Broadcast addresses 561 Committed Burst Size (B ) 471 Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) 377 C Committed Information Rate (CIR) 471 Broadcast principle 124 Committed Rate Measurement Interval (T ) 471 Broadcast storms 430 C Burst error (isolating) 247 Common Channel Signaling (CCS) 491 Burst errors 255 Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) 48 Business processes 21 Computer hardware problems 29 Concatenation of VC-4 containers 508 C Configuration Element Management (CEM) 280 Cable audits in Local-Area Networks 50 Configuration management 46 Cable audits in Wide-Area Networks 50 Conformance testing 118 Cable documentation 45 Congested frame relay 483 Cable length 137 Connecting LAN protocol analyzer systems 133 Cable testers 62 Connecting test instruments 105 Cable testing 135 Connection rules for SAS and DAS nodes 283 Calculating the costs of network downtime 35 Connectionless Network Access Protocol (CLNAP) 301 Call reference 451 Connectionless Network Interface Protocol (CLNIP) 301 Campus backbone 145 Consequential costs 34 CAP (Carrierless Amplitude/Phase) 97 Continuity Checks (CC) 343 CAP-64 encoding 123 Control connection 606 Capacity of data lines 86 Corporate guidelines for data processing systems 41 SECTION V APPENDIX 989 INDEX K Corrected header ratio 398 E Correlation diagram 58 E-Mail 591 Costs incurred due to network failures 32 E1 interface 490 Costs of availability 36 E3 interface 492 Costs of network failure 22 E4 interface 497 Critical cable lengths for X.21 541 Echo Frame (ECF) 282 Crossed wires (in BRI) 464 EIA/TIA 568A 145 Crosstalk 116 Elasticity buffer 268 Crosstalk and Near-End Crosstalk (NEXT) 136 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) 139, 158 CSMA/CD 125, 169 Employment patterns 22 Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) 29 Emulated LANs (ELANs) 299 Cusp graph 25 EN 50173 145 Cut-through 423 Encryption in IPv6 570 D Entity Coordination Management (ECM) 279 Error management 39, 46 D channel 443 Error symptoms in Ethernet 187 Data Communication Equipment (DCE) 531 Error symptoms in FDDI 288 Data communications by modem 88 Error symptoms in IP Networks 580 Data Encryption Standard (DES) 599 Data field scrambling 332 Error symptoms in ISDN 461 Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) 469 Error symptoms in PDH 520 Data link layer audit 52 Error symptoms in SDH/SONET 528 Data storage management 47 Errored Second (ES) 109 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) 531 Errored Second Ratio (ESR) 109 Data transmission technologies 24 Ethernet 169 dBm 103 Ethernet Configuration Test Packets (CTPs) 191 Dead zone 165 Ethernet frame format 170 Decibel 102 Ethernet interface cards 190 Default gateway 213 Ethernet network topologies 172 Defective concentrators 252 Ethernet standards 181 Demux error ratio 399 Ethernet v2.0 AUI cabling 193 Design guidelines for FDDI networks 283 Excessive TCP retransmissions 586 Design guidelines for ISDN 456 Exchange Termination (ET) 436 Design guidelines for switched LANs 425 Executable Test Suite (ETS) 119 Design rules for ATM networks 385 Expert systems 76 Diagnostic tools 48, 61 Extended Service Frame (ESF) 283 Differential manchester encoding 123, 225 Extended Superframe (ESF) 307 Digital data communications (baseband systems) 90 Discard Eligibility (DE) 470 F Discarded cell ratio 399 F4 and F5 OAM cell format 342 Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation 97 Failed insertion 256 Diskless stations unable to boot 586 Failure of a segment 152 Distance limitations for IEEE 802.3z gigabit ethernet 180 Far End Receive Failure (FERF) 316 Distributed Feed Back (DFB) laser 101 Far-End Crosstalk (FECT) 116 Distributed Sample Scrambling (DSS) 332 Fault tolerance 35 Distribution of data network problems 31 Fault tolerance in FDDI 263 DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone modulation) 97 Faulty MAUs 192 Documentation of network problems 59 Faulty subnet masks 213 DS1 (Digital Signal level 1) 487 FCS errors 189 DS3 frame format 496 FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) 263 DS3 signal 495 FDDI data format 269 DSL technology 97 FDDI frame 270 Dual homing 264 FDDI frames with the error bit set 294 Dual port measurements 76 FDDI interface cards 291 Dual-Attachment Stations (DAS) 264 FDDI MAC layer 269 DUP (Data User Part) 439 FDDI protocol 265 Duplicate Address Test (DAT) 234 FDDI Station Management Specification (SMT) 279 Duplicate FDDI address 292 FDDI token 270 Duplicate TEI assignment 464 FECT (Far-End Crosstalk) 116 Duplicate Token-Ring address 251, 254 Fiber Distributed
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