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Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016

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Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016 International Labour Organization Checkpoints for Companies Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour Copyright © International Labour Organization 2016 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. About This is the complete text of the mobile appCheckpoints for Companies – Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour, available for download from the Apple Store and from the Google Play Store. This Checkpoints app allows you to create interactive checklists to help you eliminate child labour in your company. There are 18 checkpoints in total, divided into six different categories. Each checkpoint provides best practice recommendations for taking action. This document aims to ensure that the content of the app is available to all users, including those who do not own smartphones or tablets. Checkpoints for Companies – Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour was created by the International Labour Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues. Contents Concepts and definitions 1 Analysis of the situation 4 1. Review national laws regarding child labour 4 2. Refer to your buyers’ requirements 5 3. Check the age of your employees 6 4. Identify hazardous work 7 5. Carry out workplace risk assessment 9 Immediate actions 11 6. Stop hiring children below the minimum age 11 7. Remove children from hazardous work 12 8. Reduce the hours for children under the minimum age 14 Strategic actions 15 9. Apply a safety and health management system 15 10. Use collective bargaining agreements 17 11. Use the link between labour inspection and workplace Occupational Safety and Health Committee 18 12. Compose a code of labour practice 19 Support of child household and welfare 20 13. Provide support to children found in child labour 20 14. Support education 22 Elimination of the need for child labour 24 15. Adapt your business to a child labour-free reality 24 16. Let your suppliers know your requirements 25 17. Ensure your new suppliers do not use child labour 26 Monitoring 28 18. Establish one or more monitoring systems 28 Concepts and definitions Child Anyone under the age of 18 is considered a child, according to the United Nations. Child labour Child labour is work that children should not be doing because they are too young, or if they are old enough to work, because it is dangerous or unsuitable for them. Whether or not work performed by children is defined as child labour depends on the child’s age, the hours and type of work and the conditions in which the work is performed. Decent work Decent work sums up the aspirations of people in their working lives. It involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men. ILO Convention An ILO Convention is an international agreement on an important labour-related issue that has been reached by governments, workers and employers meeting at the annual International Labour Conference of the ILO. After the adoption of a Convention at the Conference, each country is then asked to ratify the Convention through its legislature (parliament, congress, etc.). Ratification may involve the inclusion of provisions specific to the circumstances of the country. Once ratified, the country is bound to carry out the provisions of the Convention (as ratified). The ILO reviews the implementation of Conventions and holds countries accountable. Hazard/risk A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Risk is the chance or probability that a hazard will actually result in injury or illness along with an indication of how serious the harm could be. Therefore, risk = severity of harm x probability of harm. Even if workers are exposed to the same hazard, risks may be greater for young workers than for adult workers because of high severity (e.g. immaturity of immune system) and high probability (e.g. lack of experience). Checkpoints for Companies Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour 1 Concepts and Definitions Hazardous work Hazardous child labour is work in dangerous or unhealthy conditions that could result in a child being killed or injured/harmed (often permanently) and/or made ill (often permanently) as a consequence of poor safety and health standards and working arrangements. Light work Light work may be permitted for those between the ages of 13 and 15 (or 12 and 14 in developing countries). The Convention No.138 on Minimum Age for Work defines light work for these children as that which is: a) unlikely to be harmful to their health or development b) not such ndentas to prejudice their attendance at school, their participation in vocational orientation or training programmes approved by the competent authority, or their capacity to benefit from the instruction received. Microfinance Microfinance refers to financial services offered to low-income individuals who, otherwise, would be excluded from market transactions. Financial services that the working poor need and demand include different types of credit, savings, guarantees, insurance, transfer payments, remittances and other transactions; these services must have a sustainable basis. Minimum age for work There isn’t just one minimum age for work; in general, it should not be less than 15 years, with light work permitted from the age of 13. In countries with insufficiently developed economies and education systems, those ages may be provisionally set at 14 and 12 respectively. But there is no age distinction when it comes to the Worst Forms of Child Labour. No child under 18 should be engaged in a Worst Form of Child Labour: hazardous work; forced labour; commercial sexual exploitation; or criminal activities. It is important that the minimum school-leaving age and the minimum age for full-time work are the same. Social auditing A social audit is undertaken by a company to evaluate the working conditions existing in a facility or supply chain. Unlike monitoring, it lasts anywhere from a few hours to a few days. The performance of a social audit tends to involve three related processes: the document review, the site inspection and interviews with workers, management and third-party stakeholders. An auditor or team of auditors generally conducts the document review, site inspection and interviews. Social auditing does not involve continuous monitoring, although follow-up procedures are not uncommon. Checkpoints for Companies Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour 2 Concepts and Definitions Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) helps learners to acquire skills, knowledge and attitudes needed to enter the world of work. A quality TVET programme plays an essential role in promoting a country’s economic growth and contributing to poverty reduction as well as ensuring the social and economic inclusion of marginalized communities. Worst Forms of Child Labour The term “Worst Forms of Child Labour” comprises: • All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including recruitment of children for use in armed conflict. • The use, procurement or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances. • The use, procurement or offering of a child for unlawful activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties. • Work which, by its nature or the environment where it takes place, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children (referred to as hazardous child labour). Youth employment Not all work done by children under the age of 18 is classified as child labour. Participation in decent work which does not affect their health, personal development or education can be a very positive experience for children or adolescents who have reached the required age. Indeed, millions of young workers around the world between the ages of 14 and 18 are desperate to find decent youth employment. Checkpoints for Companies Eliminating and Preventing Child Labour 3 Analysis of the situation 1. Review national laws regarding child labour Why It is essential to know how your national law defines child labour. An employer needs to understand the content of the national Labour Code and other laws that relate to child labour. It is against the law for a company to break the rules concerning minimum age and hazardous work. The international definitions of child labour define the minimum age for different types of work, the worst forms of labour for those under the age of 18 and the criteria for light work. These definitions are set out in two International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions on child labour: Convention No. 138 on Minimum Age for Work and Convention No.182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
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