8th Grade Science Developed byMrs. LaRosa

www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

All images are from www.Chem4kids.com Periods •Each row is called a “period” •The elements in each period have the same number of shells

www.chem4kids.com Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it Group 2 = 2 electrons has 2 electrons

•Each column is called a “group”

•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.

•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com Transition Metals

•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.

•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

www.chem4kids.com Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:

22ndnd Period = 2 shells

44thth Group = 4 valence electrons

www.chem4kids.com Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:

33rdrd Period = 3 shells 11stst Group = 1 valence electron

www.chem4kids.com Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Neon Number of shells ? 22ndnd Period = 2 shells Valence electrons ? 88thth Group = 8 valence electrons Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Hydrogen Number of shells ? 11stst Period = 1 shell Valence electrons ? 11stst Group = 1 valence electron Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Beryllium Number of shells ? 22ndnd Period = 2 shells Valence electrons ? 22ndnd Group = 2 valence electrons Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Sulfur Number of shells ? 33rdrd Period = 3 shells Valence electrons ? 66thth Group = 6 valence electrons Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Potassium Number of shells ? 44thth Period = 4 shells Valence electrons ? 11stst Group = 1 valence electron Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Number of shells ? Valence electrons ? Write your answers on your handout.

Name the element. Helium Number of shells ? 11stst Period = 1 shell Valence electrons ? 88thth Group = 2 valence electrons

• Helium is the exception in Group 8.

• Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.

• It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell. End of Study Guide