A Cryptographic Evaluation of Ipsec
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrency Or Is Private Chain a Hoax Or How I Lose Money in Bitcoin but Still Decide to Get in the Research
Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrency Or Is Private Chain a Hoax Or How I Lose Money in Bitcoin but still Decide to Get in the Research Hong Wan Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Sept 2019 In this talk: • Blockchain and trust • Different kinds of blockchain • Cases and Examples • Discussions First Things First https://images.app.goo.gl/JuNznV8dZKTaHWEf9 Disclaimer Block and Chain https://youtu.be/SSo_EIwHSd4 https://youtu.be/SSo_EIwHSd4 Blockchain Design Questions • Who can access data: Private vs. Public • Who can validate data/add block: Permissioned vs Permissionless • Consensus to be used: Trade-off among security and efficiency. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwinjN2s7_DkAhXlmeAKHXxhAIUQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=ht tps%3A%2F%2F101blockchains.com%2Fconsensus-algorithms-blockchain%2F&psig=AOvVaw23pKh4qS8W_xgyajJ3aFl9&ust=1569669093339830 Bad News First • “Private blockchains are completely uninteresting… -- the only reason to operate one is to ride on the blockchain hype…” Bruce Schneier Tonight we will talk about cryptocurrencies… .everything you don’t understand money combined by everything you don’t understand about computers…. Cryptocurrencies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO) https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2019/02/blockchain_and_.html http://shorturl.at/ahsRU, shorturl.at/gETV2 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj- https://d279m997dpfwgl.cloudfront.net/wp/2017/11/Trustp72L7vDkAhVjQt8KHU18CjsQjRx6BAgBEAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fonpoint%2F2017%2F11%2F20%2Fwho-can-cropped.jpg-you- -
Impossible Differentials in Twofish
Twofish Technical Report #5 Impossible differentials in Twofish Niels Ferguson∗ October 19, 1999 Abstract We show how an impossible-differential attack, first applied to DEAL by Knudsen, can be applied to Twofish. This attack breaks six rounds of the 256-bit key version using 2256 steps; it cannot be extended to seven or more Twofish rounds. Keywords: Twofish, cryptography, cryptanalysis, impossible differential, block cipher, AES. Current web site: http://www.counterpane.com/twofish.html 1 Introduction 2.1 Twofish as a pure Feistel cipher Twofish is one of the finalists for the AES [SKW+98, As mentioned in [SKW+98, section 7.9] and SKW+99]. In [Knu98a, Knu98b] Lars Knudsen used [SKW+99, section 7.9.3] we can rewrite Twofish to a 5-round impossible differential to attack DEAL. be a pure Feistel cipher. We will demonstrate how Eli Biham, Alex Biryukov, and Adi Shamir gave the this is done. The main idea is to save up all the ro- technique the name of `impossible differential', and tations until just before the output whitening, and applied it with great success to Skipjack [BBS99]. apply them there. We will use primes to denote the In this report we show how Knudsen's attack can values in our new representation. We start with the be applied to Twofish. We use the notation from round values: [SKW+98] and [SKW+99]; readers not familiar with R0 = ROL(Rr;0; (r + 1)=2 ) the notation should consult one of these references. r;0 b c R0 = ROR(Rr;1; (r + 1)=2 ) r;1 b c R0 = ROL(Rr;2; r=2 ) 2 The attack r;2 b c R0 = ROR(Rr;3; r=2 ) r;3 b c Knudsen's 5-round impossible differential works for To get the same output we update the rule to com- any Feistel cipher where the round function is in- pute the output whitening. -
Ipv6-Ipsec And
IPSec and SSL Virtual Private Networks ITU/APNIC/MICT IPv6 Security Workshop 23rd – 27th May 2016 Bangkok Last updated 29 June 2014 1 Acknowledgment p Content sourced from n Merike Kaeo of Double Shot Security n Contact: [email protected] Virtual Private Networks p Creates a secure tunnel over a public network p Any VPN is not automagically secure n You need to add security functionality to create secure VPNs n That means using firewalls for access control n And probably IPsec or SSL/TLS for confidentiality and data origin authentication 3 VPN Protocols p IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) n Open standard for VPN implementation n Operates on the network layer Other VPN Implementations p MPLS VPN n Used for large and small enterprises n Pseudowire, VPLS, VPRN p GRE Tunnel n Packet encapsulation protocol developed by Cisco n Not encrypted n Implemented with IPsec p L2TP IPsec n Uses L2TP protocol n Usually implemented along with IPsec n IPsec provides the secure channel, while L2TP provides the tunnel What is IPSec? Internet IPSec p IETF standard that enables encrypted communication between peers: n Consists of open standards for securing private communications n Network layer encryption ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication n Scales from small to very large networks What Does IPsec Provide ? p Confidentiality….many algorithms to choose from p Data integrity and source authentication n Data “signed” by sender and “signature” verified by the recipient n Modification of data can be detected by signature “verification” -
Mist Teleworker ME
MIST TELEWORKER GUIDE Experience the corporate network @ home DOCUMENT OWNERS: Robert Young – [email protected] Slava Dementyev – [email protected] Jan Van de Laer – [email protected] 1 Table of Contents Solution Overview 3 How it works 5 Configuration Steps 6 Setup Mist Edge 6 Configure and prepare the SSID 15 Enable Wired client connection via ETH1 / Module port of the AP 16 Enable Split Tunneling for the Corp SSID 17 Create a Site for Remote Office Workers 18 Claim an AP and ship it to Employee’s location 18 Troubleshooting 20 Packet Captures on the Mist Edge 23 2 Solution Overview Mist Teleworker solution leverages Mist Edge for extending a corporate network to remote office workers using an IPSEC secured L2TPv3 tunnel from a remote Mist AP. In addition, MistEdge provides an additional RadSec service to securely proxy authentication requests from remote APs to provide the same user experience as inside the office. WIth Mist Teleworker solution customers can extend their corporate WLAN to employee homes whenever they need to work remotely, providing the same level of security and access to corporate resources, while extending visibility into user network experience and streamlining IT operations even when employees are not in the office. What are the benefits of the Mist Teleworker solution with Mist Edge compared to all the other alternatives? Agility: ● Zero Touch Provisioning - no AP pre-staging required, support for flexible all home coverage with secure Mesh ● Exceptional support with minimal support - leverage Mist SLEs and Marvis Actions Security: ● Traffic Isolation - same level of traffic control as in the office. -
Configuring Secure Shell
Configuring Secure Shell The Secure Shell (SSH) feature is an application and a protocol that provides a secure replacement to the Berkeley r-tools. The protocol secures sessions using standard cryptographic mechanisms, and the application can be used similarly to the Berkeley rexec and rsh tools. Two versions of SSH are available: SSH Version 1 and SSH Version 2. • Finding Feature Information, page 1 • Prerequisites for Configuring Secure Shell, page 1 • Restrictions for Configuring Secure Shell, page 2 • Information about SSH, page 2 • How to Configure Secure Shell, page 5 • Configuration Examples for Secure Shell, page 16 • Additional References for Secure Shell, page 18 • Feature Information for SSH, page 18 Finding Feature Information Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module. Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required. Prerequisites for Configuring Secure Shell The following are the prerequisites for configuring the switch for secure shell (SSH): • For SSH to work, the switch needs an Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) public/private key pair. This is the same with Secure Copy Protocol (SCP), which relies on SSH for its secure transport. -
Episode 230: Click Here to Kill Everybody
Episode 230: Click Here to Kill Everybody Stewart Baker: [00:00:03] Welcome to Episode 230 of The Cyberlaw Podcast brought to you by Steptoe & Johnson. We are back and full of energy. Thank you for joining us. We're lawyers talking about technology, security, privacy, and government. And if you want me to talk about hiking through the rain forest of Costa Rica and just how tough my six-year-old granddaughter is, I'm glad to do that too. But today I'm joined by our guest interviewee Bruce Schneier, an internationally renowned technologist, privacy and security guru, and the author of the new book, Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World. We'll be talking to him shortly. For the News Roundup, we have Jamil Jaffer, who's the founder of the estimable and ever-growing National Security Institute. He's also an adjunct professor at George Mason University. Welcome, Jamil. Jamil Jaffer: [00:00:57] Thanks, Stewart. Good to be here. Stewart Baker: [00:00:58] And David Kris, formerly the assistant attorney general in charge of the Justice Department's National Security Division. David, welcome. David Kris: [00:01:07] Thank, you. Good to be here. Stewart Baker: [00:01:08] And he is with his partner in their latest venture, Nate Jones, veteran of the Justice Department, the National Security Council, and Microsoft where he was an assistant general counsel. Nate, welcome. Nate Jones: [00:01:23] Thank you. Stewart Baker: [00:01:25] I'm Stewart Baker, formerly with the NSA and DHS and the host of today's program. -
The State of the Authenticated Encryption 1
Ø Ñ ÅØÑØÐ ÈÙ ÐØÓÒ× DOI: 10.1515/tmmp-2016-0038 Tatra Mt. Math. Publ. 67 (2016), 167–190 THE STATE OF THE AUTHENTICATED ENCRYPTION Damian Vizar´ ABSTRACT. Ensuring confidentiality and integrity of communication remains among the most important goals of cryptography. The notion of authenticated encryption marries these two security goals in a single symmetric-key, crypto- graphic primitive. A lot of effort has been invested in authenticated encryption during the fifteen years of its existence. The recent Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) has boosted the research activity in this area even more. As a result, the area of authenticated encryption boasts numerous results, both theoretically and practically oriented, and perhaps even greater number of constructions of authenticated encryption schemes. We explore the current landscape of results on authenticated encryption. We review the CEASAR competition and its candidates, the most popular con- struction principles, and various design goals for authenticated encryption, many of which appeared during the CAESAR competition. We also take a closer look at the candidate Offset Merkle-Damg˚ard (OMD). 1. Introduction Perhaps the two most fundamental goals of symmetric-key cryptography are providing confidentiality (privacy) and authenticity (together with integrity1) of messages that are being sent over an insecure channel. These two security properties of communication have traditionally been studied separately; they were formalized in separate notions [13], [14], and achieved by separate primitives (e.g., CBC mode for confidentiality and CBCMAC for authentication). c 2016 Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences. 2010 M a t h e m a t i c s Subject Classification: 94A60. -
How Secure Is Textsecure?
How Secure is TextSecure? Tilman Frosch∗y, Christian Mainkay, Christoph Badery, Florian Bergsmay,Jorg¨ Schwenky, Thorsten Holzy ∗G DATA Advanced Analytics GmbH firstname.lastname @gdata.de f g yHorst Gortz¨ Institute for IT-Security Ruhr University Bochum firstname.lastname @rub.de f g Abstract—Instant Messaging has gained popularity by users without providing any kind of authentication. Today, many for both private and business communication as low-cost clients implement only client-to-server encryption via TLS, short message replacement on mobile devices. However, until although security mechanisms like Off the Record (OTR) recently, most mobile messaging apps did not protect confi- communication [3] or SCIMP [4] providing end-to-end con- dentiality or integrity of the messages. fidentiality and integrity are available. Press releases about mass surveillance performed by intelli- With the advent of smartphones, low-cost short-message gence services such as NSA and GCHQ motivated many people alternatives that use the data channel to communicate, to use alternative messaging solutions to preserve the security gained popularity. However, in the context of mobile ap- and privacy of their communication on the Internet. Initially plications, the assumption of classical instant messaging, fueled by Facebook’s acquisition of the hugely popular mobile for instance, that both parties are online at the time the messaging app WHATSAPP, alternatives claiming to provide conversation takes place, is no longer necessarily valid. secure communication experienced a significant increase of new Instead, the mobile context requires solutions that allow for users. asynchronous communication, where a party may be offline A messaging app that claims to provide secure instant for a prolonged time. -
Bruce Schneier 2
Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. House of Representatives Witness Disclosure Requirement - "Truth in Testimony" Required by House Rule XI, Clause 2(g)(5) 1. Your Name: Bruce Schneier 2. Your Title: none 3. The Entity(ies) You are Representing: none 4. Are you testifying on behalf of the Federal, or a State or local Yes No government entity? X 5. Please list any Federal grants or contracts, or contracts or payments originating with a foreign government, that you or the entity(ies) you represent have received on or after January 1, 2015. Only grants, contracts, or payments related to the subject matter of the hearing must be listed. 6. Please attach your curriculum vitae to your completed disclosure form. Signatur Date: 31 October 2017 Bruce Schneier Background Bruce Schneier is an internationally renowned security technologist, called a security guru by the Economist. He is the author of 14 books—including the New York Times best-seller Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World—as well as hundreds of articles, essays, and academic papers. His influential newsletter Crypto-Gram and blog Schneier on Security are read by over 250,000 people. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University, a Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Tor Project, and an advisory board member of EPIC and VerifiedVoting.org. He is also a special advisor to IBM Security and the Chief Technology Officer of IBM Resilient. -
Data Encryption Standard
Data Encryption Standard The Data Encryption Standard (DES /ˌdiːˌiːˈɛs, dɛz/) is a Data Encryption Standard symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data. Although insecure, it was highly influential in the advancement of modern cryptography. Developed in the early 1970s atIBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) following the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data. In 1976, after consultation with theNational Security Agency (NSA), the NBS eventually selected a slightly modified version (strengthened against differential cryptanalysis, but weakened against brute-force attacks), which was published as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977. The publication of an NSA-approved encryption standard simultaneously resulted in its quick international adoption and widespread academic scrutiny. Controversies arose out of classified The Feistel function (F function) of DES design elements, a relatively short key length of the symmetric-key General block cipher design, and the involvement of the NSA, nourishing Designers IBM suspicions about a backdoor. Today it is known that the S-boxes that had raised those suspicions were in fact designed by the NSA to First 1975 (Federal Register) actually remove a backdoor they secretly knew (differential published (standardized in January 1977) cryptanalysis). However, the NSA also ensured that the key size was Derived Lucifer drastically reduced such that they could break it by brute force from [2] attack. The intense academic scrutiny the algorithm received over Successors Triple DES, G-DES, DES-X, time led to the modern understanding of block ciphers and their LOKI89, ICE cryptanalysis. -
Nist Sp 800-77 Rev. 1 Guide to Ipsec Vpns
NIST Special Publication 800-77 Revision 1 Guide to IPsec VPNs Elaine Barker Quynh Dang Sheila Frankel Karen Scarfone Paul Wouters This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-77r1 C O M P U T E R S E C U R I T Y NIST Special Publication 800-77 Revision 1 Guide to IPsec VPNs Elaine Barker Quynh Dang Sheila Frankel* Computer Security Division Information Technology Laboratory Karen Scarfone Scarfone Cybersecurity Clifton, VA Paul Wouters Red Hat Toronto, ON, Canada *Former employee; all work for this publication was done while at NIST This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-77r1 June 2020 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Authority This publication has been developed by NIST in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) of 2014, 44 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 113-283. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems. This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. -
Network Layer Security Adaptation Profile
Recommendation for Space Data System Standards NETWORK LAYER SECURITY ADAPTATION PROFILE RECOMMENDED STANDARD CCSDS 356.0-B-1 BLUE BOOK June 2018 Recommendation for Space Data System Standards NETWORK LAYER SECURITY ADAPTATION PROFILE RECOMMENDED STANDARD CCSDS 356.0-B-1 BLUE BOOK June 2018 RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR NETWORK LAYER SECURITY ADAPTATION PROFILE AUTHORITY Issue: Recommended Standard, Issue 1 Date: June 2018 Location: Washington, DC, USA This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and represents the consensus technical agreement of the participating CCSDS Member Agencies. The procedure for review and authorization of CCSDS documents is detailed in Organization and Processes for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS A02.1-Y-4), and the record of Agency participation in the authorization of this document can be obtained from the CCSDS Secretariat at the e-mail address below. This document is published and maintained by: CCSDS Secretariat National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC, USA E-mail: [email protected] CCSDS 356.0-B-1 Page i June 2018 RECOMMENDED STANDARD FOR NETWORK LAYER SECURITY ADAPTATION PROFILE STATEMENT OF INTENT The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an organization officially established by the management of its members. The Committee meets periodically to address data systems problems that are common to all participants, and to formulate sound technical solutions to these problems. Inasmuch as participation in the CCSDS is completely voluntary, the results of Committee actions are termed Recommended Standards and are not considered binding on any Agency.