Borders and Transborder Processes in Eurasia (Границы И Трансгранич- Ные Процессы В Евразии) / Колл
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Sino-Russian Transboundary Waters: a Legal Perspective on Cooperation
Sino---Russian-Russian Transboundary Waters: A Legal Perspective on Cooperation Sergei Vinogradov Patricia Wouters STOCKHOLM PAPER December 2013 Sino-Russian Transboundary Waters: A Legal Perspective on Cooperation Sergei Vinogradov Patricia Wouters Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu Sino-Russian Transboundary Waters: A Legal Perspective on Cooperation is a Stockholm Paper published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Stockholm Papers Series is an Occasional Paper series addressing topical and timely issues in international affairs. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research centers worldwide. The Institute is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publica- tions, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a fo- cal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. The opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute for Security and Development Pol- icy or its sponsors. © Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2013 ISBN: 978-91-86635-71-8 Cover photo: The Argun River running along the Chinese and Russian border, http://tupian.baike.com/a4_50_25_01200000000481120167252214222_jpg.html Printed in Singapore Distributed in Europe by: Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden Tel. +46-841056953; Fax. +46-86403370 Email: [email protected] Distributed in North America by: The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. -
CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN for the RUSSIAN FAR EAST ECOREGION COMPLEX Part 1
CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST ECOREGION COMPLEX Part 1. Biodiversity and socio-economic assessment Editors: Yuri Darman, WWF Russia Far Eastern Branch Vladimir Karakin, WWF Russia Far Eastern Branch Andrew Martynenko, Far Eastern National University Laura Williams, Environmental Consultant Prepared with funding from the WWF-Netherlands Action Network Program Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshensk, Birobidzhan 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN. Part 1. 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. The Russian Far East Ecoregion Complex 4 1.2. Purpose and Methods of the Biodiversity and Socio-Economic 6 Assessment 1.3. The Ecoregion-Based Approach in the Russian Far East 8 2. THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST ECOREGION COMPLEX: 11 A BRIEF BIOLOGICAL OVERVIEW 2.1. Landscape Diversity 12 2.2. Hydrological Network 15 2.3. Climate 17 2.4. Flora 19 2.5. Fauna 23 3. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST 29 ECOREGION COMPLEX: FOCAL SPECIES AND PROCESSES 3.1. Focal Species 30 3.2. Species of Special Concern 47 3.3 .Focal Processes and Phenomena 55 4. DETERMINING PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVATION 59 4.1. Natural Zoning of the RFE Ecoregion Complex 59 4.2. Methods of Territorial Biodiversity Analysis 62 4.3. Conclusions of Territorial Analysis 69 4.4. Landscape Integrity and Representation Analysis of Priority Areas 71 5. OVERVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 77 5.1. Legislative Basis for Biodiversity Conservation in the RFE 77 5.2. The System of Protected Areas in the RFE 81 5.3. Conventions and Agreements Related to Biodiversity Conservation 88 in the RFE 6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCES 90 6.1. -
Environmental Performance Reviews Kazakhstan
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Committee on Environmental Policy ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS KAZAKHSTAN UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2000 Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 8 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city of area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.01.II.E.3 ISBN 92-1-116770-1 ISSN 1020-4563 iii Preface The EPR project in Kazakhstan had originally started in September 1997, but had to be interrupted for organizational reasons. A second preparatory mission therefore had to be organized and took place in October 2000. It resulted in a new structure for the report, which was adapted to the many changes in the country that had occurred in the meantime. The review team for the project was constituted following these decisions and included national experts from Finland, France, Denmark, Germany, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Uzbekistan, together with the ECE secretariat, UNEP and the Bilthoven Division of the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health. The costs of the participation of experts from countries in transition, as well as the travel expenses of the ECE secretariat, were covered by extrabudgetary funds that had been made available from Finland, Germany and Italy. -
Life-History Traits and Intra-Cohort Divergence of Clearhead Icefish (Protosalanx Chinensis), Indicating Cannibalism Increased Fitness
Life-history traits and intra-cohort divergence of clearhead icefish (Protosalanx chinensis), indicating cannibalism increased fitness Fujiang Tang1, Wei Liu1, Jilong Wang1 and James Henne2 1 Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China 2 United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bears Bluff National Fish Hatchery, Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina ABSTRACT Cannibalism is considered one of the causes of intra-cohort size divergence in fish and is usually believed to result in increased fitness in terms of survival and reproduction, but direct evidence of this is lacking. Population demographics of the clearhead icefish (Protosalanx chinensis) from Lake Xingkai (Khanka) were investigated for one year. Size-frequencies exhibited a bimodal distribution from July through January, where the population diverged into an upper and a lower modal group based on size. Stomach content analysis confirmed the occurrence of cannibalism, where fish belonging to the larger, upper modal group preyed upon those of the smaller, lower modal group. We found P. chinensis does not spawn until all of the oocytes have reached maturity and then a single spawning event occurs although the oocytes may develope asynchronously in the ovary. Upper modal group females matured slightly earlier than those of the lower modal group, and reproductive investment was considerably greater in the upper modal group than the lower modal group. The lower modal males made up the majority of the population after the spawning period, which meant they may have few opportunities to participate in reproduction. Therefore, piscivory and cannibalism of P. chinensis appears to have increased fitness of the fish belonging to the upper modal group and greatly reduced the fitness of those belonging to the lower modal group. -
Environmental Problems of the Oil and Gas Industry in Kazakhstan
E3S Web of Conferences 215, 03008 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021503008 BFT-2020 Environmental problems of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan Тurgai Alimbaev1, Kuralay Yermagambetova2, Samal Kabyltayeva2, Abilkhan Issayev2, Zhadyra Kairat2, and Zhanna Mazhitova3,* 1Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan 2 L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan ³Astana Medical University, Nur Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan Abstract. This article examines the environmental problems of the oil and gas sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that for many decades the oil fields of Kazakhstan have developed mainly a raw material management system with extremely high technogenic loads on the environment. It is noted that for Kazakstani economy, oil and gas production and especially their export play a key role in generating income and growth within the gross product. At the same time, the authors point out that the impact of the oil and gas field on the environment in recent years has been characterized by its intensity, diversity and significant scale. The issue of developing new hydrocarbon raw materials deposits is considered, which is accompanied by geological exploration, drilling and construction works, laying of pipelines and roads. The authors come to the conclusion that a strong anthropogenic impact on all components of the environment causes an active change in the chemical and physicochemical properties of the soil, disrupts the hydrological regime of territories, leads to impoverishment and changes in the species composition, structure and productivity of phytocenoses, a reduction in the spatial distribution and number of animal populations. -
International Action Plan for the Pallid Harrier (Circus Macrourus)
Strasbourg, 17 September 2003 T-PVS/Inf (2003) 18 [Inf18e_2003.doc] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 23rd meeting Strasbourg, 1-4 December 2003 __________ International Action Plan for the Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) Document prepared by BirdLife International with support from AEWA and the Dutch government This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf (2003) 18 - 2 – International Action Plan for the Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus) Compiled by: Vladimir Galushin (Russian Bird Conservation Union), Roger Clarke (The Hawk and Owl Trust, UK), Anatoly Davygora (Orenburg branch, Russian Bird Conservation Union) Contributors Abuladze, Alexander (Tbilisi, Georgia) Shergalin, Jevgeni (Estonia) Ananyan, Vasily (Erevan Armenia) Shijirmaa, D. (Ulaan-Baatar, Mongolia) Arroyo, Beatriz (UK) Simmons, Robert (South Africa) Belik, Victor (Rostov, Russia) Sultanov, Elchin (Baku, Azerbaijan) Bogomolov, Denis (Moscow, Russia) Vetrov, Vitaly (Lugansk, Ukraine) Borodin, Oleg (Ulyanovsk, Russia) Walsh, Marcus (Helsinki, Finland) Bragin, Evgeny (Naurzum, Kazakhstan) Ye, Xiaodi (Beijing, China) Bukreev, Sergey (Moscow, Russia) Zubakin, Victor (Moscow, Russia) Callaghan, Des (BirdLife International, NL). Zubkov, Nikolay (Kishinev, Moldova) Charalambides, Melis (Cyprus) Chernobay, Vasily (Volgograd, Russia) Clarke, Roger (UK) Cu, Nguen (Vietnam) Davygora, Anatoly (Orenburg, -
Threatened Birds of Asia: the Birdlife International Red Data Book
Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H. -
The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict
Pierce – The American College of Greece Model United Nations | 2021 Committee: Historical Security Council (Year: 1969) Issue: The Sino-Soviet Border Conflict Student Officer: Louai EL-Hajj Position: Deputy President PERSONAL INTRODUCTION Dear esteemed delegates, My name is Louai and I am 15 years old. This will be my second time chairing and I am very excited to meet every single one of you. I am absolutely delighted to be serving as one of the co-chairs in the Historical Security Council. Even though MUN is an extracurricular activity in which you have to devote your time and efforts, it is a key stepping stone to a bright future. In this committee, you will be intrigued to keep up with global affairs without being bored, representing your delegation at a ‘global’ level whilst feeling a sense of power, control and jubilation. Most importantly, you will have the opportunity to interact with people from different backgrounds, make alliances and come up with diverse and effective solutions manifesting a fruitful conference. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions on the topic at [email protected]. Best of Luck, Louai EL-Hajj TOPIC INTRODUCTION Strains at long last reached a crucial stage in March 1969, along the Ussuri River, the ineffectively differentiated line between the USSR and Northeast China. The Sino-Soviet boundary conflict gives significant exact proof to reevaluating hypotheses of atomic discouragement and emergency conduct created during the ACGMUN Study Guide Page1 of 13 Pierce – The American College of Greece Model United Nations | 2021 Cold War, and offers new experiences and exercises for current and future atomic difficulties. -
04 TOR2-Bibl 177
Tethys Ornithological Research II December 15, 2005 Bibliography Abdrushin E.V., 1989. Occurrence of Booted Eagle in the middle current of Ilek river. Distribution and fauna of birds of Ural, Orenburg: 3. (In Russian). Abdusalyamov I.A., 1961. The birds of Rang-Kul lake on Pamir. Proc. of Inst. Zool. and Parasithol. of AS TajSSR, 21: 3-153. (In Russian). Abdusalyamov I.A., 1966. Data on biology of Greater Red-mantled Rose Finch in Tadjikistan. Vertebrate animals of Middle Asia, Tashkent: 144-149. (In Russian). Ali S., Ripley S.D., 1981. Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Divers to Hawks, Delhi, 1: 1-384. Ali S., Ripley S.D., 1987. Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Larks to Grey Hypocolius, Delhi, 5: 1- 278. Andrusenko N.N., 1984. Ornitho-faunistic records in Kurgaldzhin Reserve. Migration of birds in Asia, Tashkent: 132-134. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., 1986a. Rare birds of Kurgaldzhin Reserve. Rare, disappearing and not well known birds of USSR, Ì.: 109-114. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., 1986b. The brief messages about Steppe Eagle. In Kurgaldzhin Reserve …. Rare animals of Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata: 128. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., 1989. About Grey Crane in Kurgaldzhin Reserve. Communications Baltic Commission Study Bird Migration, 21: 165-169. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., 1990. New data about Swans of Kurgaldzhin Reserve. Ecology and protection of Swans in USSR, 2: 3-5. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., 2002. Addition to the bird list of Kurgaldzhin nature Reserve. Selevinia, 1-4: 122-126. (In Russian). Andrusenko N.N., Dudenkov N.A., 1982. -
Toponymy of a Coastal Band of Northern Part East (Japanese) Sea
Toponymy of a coastal band of Northern part East (Japanese) Sea EvagenH Pospelov (Russia I"stlute of Geography. Russia) The offered report is a logic prolongation of a theme covered on the first session of an International seminar on the Geographical Name of "East Sea" (by 1995) in the report, represented by the professors APostnikov and E. Pospe!ov. The further researches have shown. that for full understanding of a name of any sea it is necessary for considering is not isolated, and in a context of a toponimical system including a names of a coastal band. This system will be derivated by names of elements of water surface of the sea: separate parts of the sea, gulfs. bays, straits and names of elements of a coastal line: plots of shores, peninsulas, capes, isthmuses, separate islands and archipelagoes. In turn, the names many from these objects are connected with toponymy of a land. Toponymy of a coastal band East or Japanese (the name officially is accepted in Russia) Sea developed under influence of a number of the geographical and historical factors. In the rushing on East Russian pioneers in a middle seventeenth century achievd to shores of other Far East seas named nowadays Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. The plot of a shore from cape a BoI ' shoi Kamennoj Nos (nowadays Cape Deznev) up to Cape Ollutorskij in 1648 has passed Deznev. a southern part of western coast Sea of Okhotsk in 1645 has passed Pojarkov, and northern part that shores in 1651 Stadukhin; western coast of Kamchatka in 1696 - 1699 inspected of the Atlasov. -
The Creation of the Russian-Chinese Border
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (7): 844-846, 2014 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.20.07.21058 The Creation of the Russian-Chinese Border Marina O. Dmitrieva Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova st.8, Vladivostok city, Russia Abstract: In this article an attempt is made to look at the history of the border between Russia and China through the prism of foreign affairs and bilateral Russian-Chinese relations.Today experts agree that the Russian-Chinese relationship has a definite impact on the development of global politics. However, this influence on the world system is certainly less significant than Sino-American relations. Events on extensive Russia-China border line provide a laboratory for examining shifts in the economic, military and political power of both countries and the resolution of border issues is indicative of improvements in Russian-Chinese interactions occurring within the context of the global political system. Key words: Border % Relationship % Negotiations % Treaty % Balance of power INTRODUCTION Organization (SCO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), BRIC (the group of Brazil, Russia, President V. Putin, at a press-conference on 20 India and China), the Conference on Interaction and December, 2012, said that the relationship between Russia Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA), the Six- and China was at “an unprecedentedly high level of trust Party Talks and other international bodies. and cooperation”1. An important element of the Russian-Chinese The two countries have made efforts to conduct a partnership is transborder exchanges. For a number of concerted policy on the world stage. -
Birds in Red Book of Kazakhstan and in IUCN Red Book
Tethys Ornithological Research II December 15, 2005 Appendix 1 Birds in Red Book of Kazakhstan and in IUCN Red Book Species Red Book of Kazakhstan, 1996 IUSN Red List, 2004 (www.redlist.org) Bewick’s Swan (Cygnus bewickii) Restored Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) Reducing Swan Goose (Cygnopsis cygnoides) Disappearing Decreasing Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) Reducing Decreasing Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis) Reducing Unknown Baikal Teal (Anas Formosa) Decreasing Marbled Duck(Anas angustirostris) Disappearing Decreasing Ferrugineus Duck (Aythya nyroca) Rare Near-Threatened Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) Rare White-winged Scote (Melanitta deglandi) Rare White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala) Disappearing Endangering Altai Snowcock (Tetraogallus altaicus) Reducing Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus) No status White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) Disappearing Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) Reducing Stable Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides) Reducing Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) Rare Black Stork (Ciconia nigra) Rare White Stork(Ciconia ciconia) Disappearing Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) Reducing Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) Reducing Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) Reducing Pallas’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus) Disappearing Decreasing White-tailed Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) Reducing No status Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) Rare Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) Rare Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis) Uncertain Eurasian Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) Decreasing