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REDUCING SENATORIAL CONTROL OVER PROVINCIAL COMMANDERS: A FORGOTTEN GABINIAN LAW OF 67BCE F.J. Vervaet I. Introduction At two critical junctures in Roman history, M. Tullius Cicero (cos. ) bit- terly complained that Caesar’s legally-guaranteed second quinquennium in the Gauls and Illyricum (from March to March ) had put him in a formidable position of power vis-à-vis a frustrated Senate.*1 On the th of December , less then a month before the outbreak of civil war between Caesar and his opponents in the Senate, Cicero indicates in Ad Atticum .. (Trebula) that this second five-year term, protected by law, was one of the main factors that had made Caesar nigh-irresistible. He complains, Curimperiumilliautcurillomodoprorogatumest?Curtantooperepugna- tum ut de eius absentis ratione habenda decem tribune pl. ferrent? His ille rebus ita conualuit ut nunc in uno ciui spes ad resistendum sit; qui mallem tantas ei uiris non dedisset quam nunc tam ualenti resisteret. Why was his command extended, and in such a fashion [i.e., in under the terms of the lex Pompeia Licinia]? Why was there such pressure to get the ten tribunes to bring in the law about his candidature in absentia [i.e., for a second consulship in , passed with the support of Cn. Pompeius as consul sine conlega]? By these steps, he has become so strong that hope of resistance now depends on one man; and I would rather that he [i.e., Pompeius] had not given Caesar such formidable strength in the first place than that he should resist him now that he is so powerful. -
Cicero Leg. Agr. 2,1-46 Www-Fassung
Inhalt Vorwort .......................................................................................................................... 3 Verzeichnis der abgekürzt zitierten Literatur ............................................................ 5 Einführung ..................................................................................................................... 9 1. Die Fakten ................................................................................................................... 9 2. Perspektiven .............................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Der Redner: Ciceros Karriere bis zum Konsulat .................................................... 11 2.2. Die Situation: Konstellationen und ‘Hintermänner’ in Rom Anfang 63................. 15 2.3. Der Gegenstand und seine Geschichte: leges agrariae – eine strittige Tradition ... 22 2.4. Der Gesetzesvorschlag des Rullus: ein verlorener Text ......................................... 27 2.5. Der Text des Gesetzes im Jan. 63: streng öffentlich, aber unkenntlich .................. 28 2.6. Der Aufbau der Rede .............................................................................................. 34 2.7. Die erste, dritte und vierte Rede ............................................................................. 35 2.8. Die Erschließung der Reden: Rezeption, Kommentare, Interpretationen ............... 40 Kommentar Cic. agr. 2, 1-46 ..................................................................................... -
On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation
On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation by Jared McCabe Hudson A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ellen Oliensis, chair Professor Maurizio Bettini Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2013 On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation © 2013 by Jared McCabe Hudson Abstract On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation By Jared McCabe Hudson Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Ellen Oliensis, Chair The first chapter examines the role played by the litter (lectica) and sedan chair (sella) in Roman literature and culture. The portrait of the wealthy freedman, lounging in his deluxe octaphoros (litter carried by eight imported slaves), is one which appears repeatedly, taking shape in the late Republic and reaching a climax of frequency in the satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial, in the late first century CE. While by this stage the conveyance undeniably functions as a satirical symbol, the origins and constructedness of its role as such have been surprisingly under-examined by modern scholars. In order to excavate the litter’s developing identity, I first unravel Roman accounts of the vehicle’s origins. The lectica was repeatedly framed by Roman authors such as Cicero as an exotic import from the near east (Bithynia, in particular), only available to Romans upon their exposure, through the process of imperial expansion, to eastern softness. However, such a projection involved carefully distinguishing this “decadent” litter from already existing, sanctioned litter use: thus the lectica also encompasses a category closer to our “stretcher.” Indeed, the litter’s status as a newfangled import is belied by coexisting narratives of republican-era patriarchs riding in the lectica, usually because of injury, old age, or disability. -
A FORGOTTEN GABINIAN LAW of 67 BCE FJ Vervaet I
REDUCING SENATORIAL CONTROL OVER PROVINCIAL COMMANDERS: A FORGOTTEN GABINIAN LAW OF 67BCE F.J. Vervaet I. Introduction At two critical junctures in Roman history, M. Tullius Cicero (cos. ) bit- terly complained that Caesar’s legally-guaranteed second quinquennium in the Gauls and Illyricum (from March to March ) had put him in a formidable position of power vis-à-vis a frustrated Senate.*1 On the th of December , less then a month before the outbreak of civil war between Caesar and his opponents in the Senate, Cicero indicates in Ad Atticum .. (Trebula) that this second five-year term, protected by law, was one of the main factors that had made Caesar nigh-irresistible. He complains, Curimperiumilliautcurillomodoprorogatumest?Curtantooperepugna- tum ut de eius absentis ratione habenda decem tribune pl. ferrent? His ille rebus ita conualuit ut nunc in uno ciui spes ad resistendum sit; qui mallem tantas ei uiris non dedisset quam nunc tam ualenti resisteret. Why was his command extended, and in such a fashion [i.e., in under the terms of the lex Pompeia Licinia]? Why was there such pressure to get the ten tribunes to bring in the law about his candidature in absentia [i.e., for a second consulship in , passed with the support of Cn. Pompeius as consul sine conlega]? By these steps, he has become so strong that hope of resistance now depends on one man; and I would rather that he [i.e., Pompeius] had not given Caesar such formidable strength in the first place than that he should resist him now that he is so powerful. -
Hudson Dissertation Final Version
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rp2b2ws Author Hudson, Jared McCabe Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation by Jared McCabe Hudson A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ellen Oliensis, chair Professor Maurizio Bettini Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2013 On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation © 2013 by Jared McCabe Hudson Abstract On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation By Jared McCabe Hudson Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Ellen Oliensis, Chair The first chapter examines the role played by the litter (lectica) and sedan chair (sella) in Roman literature and culture. The portrait of the wealthy freedman, lounging in his deluxe octaphoros (litter carried by eight imported slaves), is one which appears repeatedly, taking shape in the late Republic and reaching a climax of frequency in the satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial, in the late first century CE. While by this stage the conveyance undeniably functions as a satirical symbol, the origins and constructedness of its role as such have been surprisingly under-examined by modern scholars. In order to excavate the litter’s developing identity, I first unravel Roman accounts of the vehicle’s origins. -
Hudson Dissertation Final Version
On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation by Jared McCabe Hudson A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ellen Oliensis, chair Professor Maurizio Bettini Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2013 On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation © 2013 by Jared McCabe Hudson Abstract On the Way: a Poetics of Roman Transportation By Jared McCabe Hudson Doctor of Philosophy in Classics University of California, Berkeley Professor Ellen Oliensis, Chair The first chapter examines the role played by the litter (lectica) and sedan chair (sella) in Roman literature and culture. The portrait of the wealthy freedman, lounging in his deluxe octaphoros (litter carried by eight imported slaves), is one which appears repeatedly, taking shape in the late Republic and reaching a climax of frequency in the satires of Juvenal and the epigrams of Martial, in the late first century CE. While by this stage the conveyance undeniably functions as a satirical symbol, the origins and constructedness of its role as such have been surprisingly under-examined by modern scholars. In order to excavate the litter’s developing identity, I first unravel Roman accounts of the vehicle’s origins. The lectica was repeatedly framed by Roman authors such as Cicero as an exotic import from the near east (Bithynia, in particular), only available to Romans upon their exposure, through the process of imperial expansion, to eastern softness. However, such a projection involved carefully distinguishing this “decadent” litter from already existing, sanctioned litter use: thus the lectica also encompasses a category closer to our “stretcher.” Indeed, the litter’s status as a newfangled import is belied by coexisting narratives of republican-era patriarchs riding in the lectica, usually because of injury, old age, or disability. -
HISTORIA Y FUENTES DEL DERECHO ROMANO.Pdf
María-Eva Fernández Baquero Apuntes Unidad 1 Profesora Titular de Derecho Romano UNIDAD 1: HISTORIA Y FUENTES DEL DERECHO ROMANO 1.1.- CONCEPTO DE DERECHO ROMANO. TERMINOLOGÍA Antes de comenzar analizando el concepto de Derecho Romano es preciso detenernos en el significado del término “Derecho”. Entendiendo por tal como “norma de convivencia social”. Esto implica que la sociedad, en general, para poder conseguir una convivencia pacífica necesita de unas pautas, reglas o normas de comportamiento que vendrán determinas por el sistema político que en cada etapa de la historia social exista. Ahora bien, con independencia del sistema político concreto que se desarrolle, lo que está claro es que el Derecho (como norma de convivencia social) tiene, a su vez, distintos significados diferentes pero complementarios: 1º) Derecho Objetivo (norma agendi)Æ Conjunto de normas jurídicas que regulan la convivencia en sociedad y se imponen a la conducta humana de una forma coactiva. 2º) Derecho Subjetivo (facultas agendi)Æ Facultad jurídica que a una determinada persona atribuye el Derecho Objetivo. Facultad concedida a una persona de usar o disfrutar de una cosa de una manera más o menos completa (ius in rem), o bien de exigir a una determinada persona (ius in personam) una cierta prestación o comportamiento de dar, hacer o no hacer. 3º) Derecho PositivoÆ Es el derecho objetivo y subjetivo vigente o actual, es decir, es el que se aplica efectivamente a una sociedad determinada. 4º) Derecho HistóricoÆ El derecho del pasado que el jurista actual puede estudiar o analizar pero no aplicar, puesto que no es un derecho vigente o derecho positivo. -
TESI FILE UNICO Sezioni
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITÀ DI BOLOGNA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN ISTITUZIONI, MERCATI E TUTELE INDIRIZZO DIRITTO AMMINISTRATIVO Ciclo XXV Settore Concorsuale di afferenza: 12/D1 – Diritto amministrativo Settore Scientifico disciplinare: IUS/10 – Diritto amministrativo IL PRINCIPIO DI CONTINUITÀ NEL DIRITTO AMMINISTRATIVO Coordinatore Dottorato: Presentata da: Chiar.mo Prof. Dott. ssa FRANCO MASTRAGOSTINO OLIVIA PINI Relatore: Matricola n. 0000566138 Chiar.mo Prof. MARIO MIDIRI Esame finale anno 2013 INDICE BREVI CONSIDERAZIONI INTRODUTTIVE ................................................................... 1 PARTE PRIMA LA CONTINUITÀ NELL’AMMINISTRAZIONE: RICOSTRUZIONE IN CHIAVE CRITICA DELLO STATO DELL’ARTE CAPITOLO 1 IL PRINCIPIO DI CONTINUITÀ NELL’ORGANIZZAZIONE DELLA P.A. 13 1.1. La prorogatio dei poteri .................................................................................. 20 1.2. La supplenza e il commissariamento .............................................................. 39 1.3. I poteri sostitutivi ............................................................................................ 51 1.4. Lo spoils system .............................................................................................. 60 CAPITOLO 2 IL PRINCIPIO DI CONTINUITÀ NELL’ATTIVITÀ AMMINISTRATIVA 75 2.1. I tempi procedimentali: la continuità nel farsi dell’atto .................................. 77 2.2. Il silenzio: continuità e discontinuità nell’assenza dell’atto ........................... 96 2.3. Effetti dell’atto e potere amministrativo: -
Ancient and Modern Concepts of Lawfulness
Ancient and Modern Concepts of Lawfulness by Zˇika BUJUKLIC´ (University of Belgrade) The legal system, in the broadest sense of the term, should ensure a community’s basic cohesion, prevent severe forms of discord hazardous to its existence, and establish an effective social structure. That the community of Ancient Rome successfully accomplished these objectives was best proven by its longerrity. On the hills above the Tiber river the Latins established their urbs, which saw tremendous growth and fundamental transformations: regnum – res publica – Imperium Romanum. For centuries, the Roman community served as a model of government for other nations (1). The Romans’ strength 1) DE VISSHER, L’espansione della civitas romana e la diffusione del diritto romano, in Conferenze romanistiche, Milano, 1960, 181 ss. SESTON, 124 ZˇIKA BUJUKLIC´ lay not only in their deep reverence for their own gods, customs and traditions, in their fighting spirit and their military prowess, but also in a marked adherence to the norms they had established. The greatest difference between the Romans and other ancient peoples, however, lay in the manner they looked upon the nature of these norms and on the origin of their binding force. Heraclitus, for example, warned his contemporaries that the polis had to care as much about its laws as about its city ramparts (2). In Crito Plato describes how Socrates was condemned to death by certain laws. The following message still stands, engraved in the rocks of Thermopylae: “Traveller, tell Sparta that we died here in obeisance to its laws”. The Roman respect for the law derives from the fact that they were considered to be of divine origin and, as Plato said, obeisance to laws meant obeisance to the gods. -
How to Legislate with Wisdom and Eloquence
HOW TO LEGISLATE WITH WISDOM AND ELOQUENCE HOW TO LEGISLATE WITH WISDOM AND ELOQUENCE The Art of Legislation Reconstructed from the Rhetorical Tradition Luis Alberto Marchili Author’s Edition 2016 Marchili, Luis Alberto How to Legislate with Wisdom and Eloquence. The Art of Legislation Reconstructed from the Rhetorical Tradition. 1st edition, spanish, Editorial Dunken, Buenos Aires, 2009, 498 p. 16x23 cm. ISBN 978-987-02-4047-1. Author’s English translation, Author’s Edition, ebook (pdf), 333 pp. Buenos Aires, 2016. Philosophy of Law. Rhetoric. Art of legislation. Legislative Drafting. © 2016 Luis Alberto Marchili e-mail: luis4@fibertel.com.ar All rights reserved: no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the author. "[...] the orator that we look for, and who we want to make the chief of the State council, [will be] the author of the resolutions to be taken by the government, and either in the senate or in the assemblies, will always make his opinions prevail by the force of wisdom and eloquence." Cicero (106-43 B.C.)1 1 "Entre celles-ci, la secte qui combat pour la volupté, quand même ses principes auraient quelque apparence de vérité, ne peut convenir en rien à l'orateur que nous cherchons, et dont nous voulons faire le chef du conseil de l'État, l'auteur des résolutions à prendre pour le gouvernement, et celui qui, dans le sénat comme dans les assemblées, fera toujours prévaloir ses avis à force de sagesse et d'éloquence." "Ex illis autem, quae remanent, ea philosophia, quae suscepit patrocinium voluptatis, etsi cui vera videatur, procul abest tamen ab eo viro quem quaerimus, et quem auctorem publici consilii, et regendae civitatis ducem, et sententiae atque eloquentiae principem in senatu, in populo, in causis publicis esse volumus." Cicero, De Oratore, III, XVII Cicéron, De l'Orateur, III, XVII; dans Oeuvres Complètes de Cicéron, Traduction de S. -
Mid-Republican Rome and Popular Politics
Review Article Mid-Republican Rome and Popular Politics Alexander Yakobson R. F. Vishnia, State, Society and Popular Leaders in Mid-Republican Rome 241 - 167BC, London -ΝΎ.: Routledge, 1996, xii + 264 pp. R.W s book on mid-Republican politics and society is part of the ongoing debate on the nature of the Roman political system and the people’s role in it.1 How ever, one of the best features of the book is that it provides an integrated analysis of foreign and domestic affairs, always trying to establish the domestic context of foreign policy decisions and the foreign policy background of internal politi cal issues and controversies. In this respect, and contrary to what is often the case, this book offers more than what its title promises. Rome’s wars and con quests, as well as her internal political developments, and the interconnection between the two spheres, are subjected to a learned, careful and thoughtful anal ysis. The overall picture of this period which emerges is lucid and coherent. Although I disagree with some of R.W s views on Roman politics, I have no doubt that this book is a significant contribution to our understanding of mid- Republican Rome. The first chapter deals with ‘the era of Flaminius’ (241-218). R.V. argues, convincingly, that this period should not be seen merely as a prelude to the Sec ond Punic War. Rather, it should be analysed mainly from the standpoint of what was apparently Rome’s highest national priority in that period — the con- The debate was largely sparked by F. -
Luxury As a Theme in Latin Love Elegy
LUXURY AS A THEME IN LATIN LOVE ELEGY by -/ c. E. Chandler Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Classics at the University of Cape Town supervisor: Prof RA Whitaker, University of Cape Town September 1991 The University of Cape Town has been given the right to reprodu:;-; this thesis in whole or In par( Cooyright is :ic!d by the author. The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to thank the following individuals without whose patience and assistance this dissertation would not have been. completed: Prof K. M. Coleman who supervised my dissertation initially and continued to give me valuable advice; Dr M R Mezzabotta who took me under her wing for several months; my friend Miss D. Massenz, who courageously proof-read the English portions of my text; my supervisor Prof R. A. Whitaker, . whose "gentle insistence" and constructive criticism ensured that the job got done . I extend my thanks also to the Interlibrary Loan department of the library of the University of Cape Town for their prompt and efficient service. i ABSTRACT The territorial expansion of Rome in the second and first centuries B.C. was accompanied by an influx of foreign luxuries and fashions into Italy.