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Cicero Leg. Agr. 2,1-46 Www-Fassung Inhalt Vorwort .......................................................................................................................... 3 Verzeichnis der abgekürzt zitierten Literatur ............................................................ 5 Einführung ..................................................................................................................... 9 1. Die Fakten ................................................................................................................... 9 2. Perspektiven .............................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Der Redner: Ciceros Karriere bis zum Konsulat .................................................... 11 2.2. Die Situation: Konstellationen und ‘Hintermänner’ in Rom Anfang 63................. 15 2.3. Der Gegenstand und seine Geschichte: leges agrariae – eine strittige Tradition ... 22 2.4. Der Gesetzesvorschlag des Rullus: ein verlorener Text ......................................... 27 2.5. Der Text des Gesetzes im Jan. 63: streng öffentlich, aber unkenntlich .................. 28 2.6. Der Aufbau der Rede .............................................................................................. 34 2.7. Die erste, dritte und vierte Rede ............................................................................. 35 2.8. Die Erschließung der Reden: Rezeption, Kommentare, Interpretationen ............... 40 Kommentar Cic. agr. 2, 1-46 ...................................................................................... 43 Appendices ................................................................................................................. 102 1. Nobilitas und novus homo ....................................................................................... 102 2. popularis .................................................................................................................. 104 3. Rhetorische und politische Leitmotive in agr. 2 ...................................................... 106 4. Die Sekundärüberlieferung zu den drei Reden ........................................................ 108 5. Die im Kommentar von Harvey erklärten Passagen ............................................... 113 Register ....................................................................................................................... 114 Vorwort Die hier vorgelegte Kommentierung der Paragraphen 1 bis 46 von Ciceros zweiter Rede gegen die Vorlage eines Ackergesetzes durch den Volkstribunen P. Servilius Rullus ist Ergebnis eines Experimentes. Im Laufe einer Übung wurde im Wintersemester 2011/12 am Arbeitsbereich Alte Geschichte der Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft, Philoso- phie und Theologie der Universität Bielefeld die Rede im Original gelesen. Dabei erga- ben sich sehr häufig, streckenweise in jedem einzelnen Satz Fragen, die zu klären es eines umfassenden Kommentars bedürfte. Einen solchen gibt es jedoch nicht (das gilt merkwürdigerweise auch für manche andere Cicero-Rede!); die vorliegenden Kommen- tierungen der Rede sind entweder schwer zugänglich oder in der einen oder anderen Hinsicht unzureichend. Aus dem Ungenügen ergab sich die Idee, im Rahmen eines Pro- jektseminars mit fortgeschrittenen Studierenden einen solchen Kommentar zu erstellen. Das vierstündige Seminar fand im Sommersemester 2012 statt und wurde im anschließenden Wintersemester in teilweise anderer personeller Zusammensetzung zweistündig fortgeführt. Teilnehmer waren Master-Studierende der Geschichtswissen- schaft sowie solche der Lateinischen Philologie. Sechs von ihnen lieferten (formal als Prüfungsleistungen) Bausteine zur Einleitung, zu geschlossenen Textpassagen und zu den Appendices. Alle Stücke wurden von Uwe Walter mehr oder weniger stark bear- beitet, durch eigene Beiträge ergänzt und zu einem Ganzen vereinigt. Aus der Zusammensetzung der Gruppe heraus und mit Blick auf wahrscheinli- che Interessen künftiger Benutzer stehen im Kommentar historische Erklärungen sowie die rhetorische Argumentationstechnik im Vordergrund. Dagegen werden Fragen der Grammatik und des ciceronischen Sprachgebrauchs nur behandelt, wenn uns das unbe- dingt notwendig und erhellend erschien. Das Gleiche gilt für die Textkonstitution; Ausführungen hierzu sind im Kommentar durch kleinere Schrift abgesetzt. Zugrundegelegt wurde die neueste Teub- ner-Ausgabe von Václav Marek. Sie zeichnet sich durch einen umfangreichen kritischen Apparat aus, der Emendationen und Konjekturen vollständiger verzeichnet als die Ox- ford-Ausgabe von Albert C. Clark. Allerdings hat Marek wohl öfter in die Überliefe- rung eingegriffen, als das unbedingt notwendig erscheint. Der in den Lemmata zitierte Text weicht daher hier und da von Marek ab und geht zurück auf Clark. Dessen Text ist (ohne Apparat) übrigens auch in der Latin Library und auf der Perseus-Webseite zu- gänglich. Auf eine Verlinkung wurde aber verzichtet, weil der Nutzen den Aufwand nicht rechtfertigt und wir zur Arbeit mit gedruckten textkritischen Ausgaben ermutigen möchten. Angesichts der Arbeitskapazitäten der recht kleinen Gruppe musste ferner darauf verzichtet werden, eine deutsche Übersetzung zu erstellen. Das erscheint jedoch ver- schmerzbar, da gleich zwei neuere Versionen – von Manfred Fuhrmann und Helmut Kasten – vorliegen, die selbstverständlich auch bei der Diskussion im Seminar und der 3 Erstellung des Kommentars stets zu Rate gezogen wurden. An einigen Stellen zitieren wir die Übersetzungen und schlagen mitunter auch Formulierungen vor, die den Sachverhalt besser zu treffen scheinen, ohne damit die titanische Leistung zumal Fuhr- manns, der alle Cicero-Reden übertragen hat, damit irgendwie schmälern zu wollen. Weil keine eigene Übersetzung geboten wird, der Kommentar sich andererseits auch nicht an eine der beiden vorliegenden Verdeutschungen anschließt, geht er vom lateinischen Text aus. Wir hoffen jedoch, dass auch Benutzer ohne Lateinkenntnisse sich zurechtfinden können (gegebenenfalls mit etwas Hilfe). Da die Arbeit am Kommentar für die Beteiligten der ohnehin recht kleinen Pro- jektgruppe nur eine Pflicht unter mehreren darstellte, war schon früh klar, dass es un- möglich sein würde, die gesamte, immerhin 103 Paragraphen umfassende Rede zu er- schließen. Der größere Teil, darunter die historisch außerordentlich interessante Capua- Passage (76-97), fehlt also. Wir haben aber den gesamten Text gelesen und zumindest kursorisch besprochen; in der Kommentierung finden sich deshalb viele Vorverweise und sind Phänomene, die im weiteren Verlauf der oratio wieder vorkommen, nach Möglichkeit bei ihrem ersten Auftreten behandelt. Was hier vorgelegt wird, möchte dazu ermuntern, die Attacke auf Rullus vor dem Volk, die freilich stets im Schatten etwa der Catilinarischen Reden aus dem glei- chen Jahr gestanden hat, einmal im Zusammenhang zu lesen und zu würdigen – im Rahmen einer Seminarveranstaltung oder privat. Den Umständen und Beschränkungen der Entstehung des Teilkommentars sind sicher mannigfache Mängel, Blindstellen und Unebenheiten geschuldet. Es sind auch manche Stücke, die vorgesehen waren, nicht eingegangen. An vielen Stellen könnte man gewiss erheblich weiterkommen, aber das würde sehr viel mehr Zeit und Aufwand erfordern, als im Rahmen zweier Seminare und der Nachbereitung fairerweise einzufordern und dem Dozenten zuzumuten sind. Deshalb und mit Blick auf den eher schmalen Umfang verzichten wir auf eine Buchpublikation und stellen das Erarbeitete als pdf-Datei über den Publikationsserver der Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld zur Verfügung. Möge es auch so seinen Weg finden und als nützlich wahrgenommen werden. Alle Beteiligten haben jedenfalls etwas gelernt und Freude an der Arbeit gehabt. Und wenn wir einen Anstoß bieten, den Kommentar zu verbessern1, fortzuset- zen oder sogar einmal die gesamte Rede etwa im Rahmen einer Dissertation zu erschlie- ßen, wäre ein Wunschziel erreicht. Bielefeld, im Frühjahr 2013 Uwe Walter und die Studierenden Julia Geisweid, Gerald Hellweg, Sonja Pollpeter, Thomas Reiz, Andrew van Ross und Gabriel Siemoneit 1 Korrekturen, Ergänzungen und Anregungen bitte an: [email protected]. 4 Verzeichnis der abgekürzt zitierten Literatur Antike Autoren und Werke sowie Zeitschriften und Reihen sind nach dem Vorbild des Neuen Pauly abgekürzt. Andere Abkürzungen wie cos. verstehen sich von selbst. a) Ausgaben, Übersetzungen und Kommentare Clark M. Tulli Ciceronis orationes IV, recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instru- xit A.C. CLARK 1909 u. Nachdrucke. Oxford (Oxford Classical Texts) Fuhrmann Marcus Tullius Cicero, Sämtliche Reden. Eingeleitet, übersetzt und erläutert von Manfred FUHRMANN. Bd. 2, Zürich/München 1970, 21985 Harvey Paul B. HARVEY, Cicero’s Orations de Lege Agraria. Studies and essays, with a commentary on the 3. oration. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Diss., 1973. Ann Arbor/Mich., Univ. Microfilms Internat. 1984 Jonkers Engbert Jan JONKERS, Social and economic commentary on Cicero’s De lege agraria orationes tres. Leiden 1963 Kasten Cicero, Staatsreden. Erster Teil: Über den Oberbefehl des Cn. Pompeius, Über das Ackergesetz, Gegen L. Catilina. Lateinisch und deutsch von Helmut KASTEN (SQAW 26). Berlin 1969 Marek M. Tulli Ciceronis scripta quae mansuerunt omnia, fasc. 16: Orationes de lege agraria, Oratio pro C. Rabirio perduellionis reo, edidit Václav MAREK. Leipzig 1983 (Bibliotheca Teubneriana) Zumpt August W. ZUMPT, M. Tullii Ciceronis orationes tres de lege agraria. Berlin 1861 b) Nachschlagewerke, Handbücher und häufig zitierte
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