EA S T E RN T OWNS H I PS

Q U E B E C

A g ro up o f t h o ro ug h bre d s o n an E ast e rfi T o wns h ip s Dal ry F ar m

I S S UE D B Y TH E A U T H O R I TY O F TH E M " INI STER OF COL O NI ATION MINES A ND FI SHER IE S — QUE B EC 1 91 2

A g ro u p o f t h o ro u g h br e d s o n an E ast e rn T o w nsh ip s Dai ry F arm

I S S UE D B Y TH E A UTH O R I TY O F TH E M "A INISTER OF COL ONI TION MINES AND FISHER IES — QUEB EC 1 91 2 TABL E OF CONTENTS

P A G S E .

OPPORTUNITIES I N EA ST RN TOWNSHIPS —— E — To Farm Workers w TO Farmers w h Ca a To o n . it pit l y u g Women for D om ic S er e est vic . WHA T TO DO A T QUEB E C; ' ' Nece r I nf rm fi r f ar s ssa o a i Tab e o F e et c . y o l , OMPTON OUNTY C C . Jz .

D ri ionfi P l r esc t o u ation of nc a Towns et c . p p P i ip l , ‘ A A D ST NSTE C OUNTY . — ’ D esc r on P o ula-t I on of r nc a Towns et c . ipti p P i ip l , R I CHMON D — ’ Descr on o u a on o f rinci al Towns et c . ipti P p l ti P p , B ROME — D esc r on o u ation of r nc a Towns et c . ipti P p l P i ip l , MI S S I S U OI OUNTY Q C .

fi Desc ri tion P o ulat f r nc a Towns et c . p p rqnb P i ip l , SHE F F ORD OUNTY C — D escr on o u a on o r nc a Towns et c . ipti P p l ti f P i ip l , ME G ANTI OUNTY C C — . D esc r on o u1a ion of r nc a T owns et c . ipti P p t P i ip l , WO L FE COUNTY — ‘ D escr on P o ulation f P rinci al T owns et c . ipti p n p , ARTHA B A SK A OUNTY C— ” D escr on o u a ionof r nc aTowns et c . ipti P p l t P i ipl , DRUMMON D OUNTY C— D esc r on o u a on of r nc a Towns et c . ipti P p l ti P i ip l , L O CA TION A N D ARE A EA STERN TOWNSHIPS — OF — E ar H s or r n Cond ons Tes moni a s rom ly i t—y P es—e t —iti —ti l f resident s Climate S cenery R elig i on E ducati on

et c . TESTIM ONY F ROM EA STERN TOWNSHIPS P E OPL E A G RIC UL TURE . — D escripti on Of Typi cal Farms Three chi ef I ndust ri es r — — r Dai y L ive St ock Maple S ug a . MININ G — — — — General D escripti on Asbest os Copper Gol rl J ron S ru r M r t ctu al ate ial s . SHERB RO O K E ITY C — — General D escrip ti on Growth in Populati on Cost of L n —et ivi g c . DENSI FY OF P OPUL A TION

—“ — Opp ortunities General Stati sti cs L ist of Government R e resen a e — t c p t tiv s e . THE EAS TERN TOWNS HIP S OF THE P ROV INCE OF Q UEBEC

: v.43 1500 MILES NEARER Ehfi ligAND THAN THE CANADIAN fWEST

L N TAB E OF D I STA C E S .

—2 6 0 mil e Liverpool to Quebec , 5 s . — i t o 1 6 . Liverpool Toronto 3 , O m les — 2 mil 2 u es. Liverpool to Winnipeg 4, 4 o Liverpo l to Calgary miles .

Liverpool to Vancouver miles .

Unexcelled Opportunities fo r the following classes

Farmers . “f Farm ork ers .

Domestic Servants . Eastern Townships Immigration Agents meet all fo r o f . boats at Quebec , the port landing People the k 1 2 Eastern Townships are forwarded to Sherbroo e , 5 m iles south , the heart of the Eastern Townships , e has e where the Gov rnment a distributing, d pot , whence they are sent out to their various destin t i a o ns . A railway trip o f three or four hours from t he port o f landing brings the settlers to a beautiful region o f e rich farming country , wh re they can find homes and employment amongst a people and in a country which is far more homelike and congenial than that of the

- bare prairies of the North West , thousands o f miles away . K TO FARM WOR ERS .

Perhaps the greatest immediate demand in t he Eastern Townships o f Quebec is for good farm labor er s . The man w ho understands farming in the Old Country can soon ac custom himself to Easte rn Town and mm . c o and ships methods the highest wages . ’ VVa es a dditiO io g , in n board and lodging , range from $ 1 0 er to p month , according to the s o f t h m n u efulness e y a . Hundreds o f farmers ‘ throughout the E astern Townships would greatly in “ crease their o pe rati bris if they could Obtain suitable

. OSit io ns fo r help Immediate p h are available several f n thousands o farm aha ds . As soon as they accustom themselves to E aSterII Townships farming methods

’ c o mmari they would d the highest wages . r v a Mixed farming p e ails here s in England . Many farm workers from“ the Old Country have come to

w s . the Eastern To nship "during the last few years Those who have taken up their work seriously and ar a e proved industrious e h ppy and content d , enjoying a w m a . good homes , and co m nding remunerative ges a A certain farmer in Warwickshire , Engl nd , where the country looks a good deal like the Eastern Tow n e r ships , paid over p acre annual rent for his farm . The taxes which he also had to pay were just ten times what a farm o f the same si z e has to pay in the Eastern Townships . He could purchase a farm here for the price paid for five or six years ’ rent and a o w n and t xes Of an English farm , be his mas ter make more money

L TO FARM ER S WITH CAP ITA .

Eastern Townships farmi ng closely resembles that 1 0 t o 0 0 in B ritain . The best farms Of from 5 3 acres range I n price s from to Farming here

- w as t o . never more remunerative than day , and many —4

Old Country farmers are already established in this territory .

‘ There is no g eneral des ire o n the part o f East e rn

Townships far me rs to part with their holding s . is to Agriculture o profitable here . Dairying yields constant cash returns . Maple sugar industry is an asset peculiar to this territory . Eggs , butter , pota toes , and other produce command the highest prices o n ° 0 th b local and foreign markets . Farms in the o f o f hands young men , who have plenty help to carry o n their operations , are held tight and cannot be purchased . There are many instances , however , of farmers advanced in years who have grown independ h re ent through the profit o f t e soil . They desire to tire t o the village for their declining years . They h ave no sons to succeed them . Their farms are for

. e o f sale There are scor s g such instances , and they

‘ ’ i ‘ include some Of the best farms of the Eastern To v v n ships . Here is a the farmer with small ’

n e . capital . He need o t f pga y down the entir price With an investment of a few hundred pounds he may pos sess an estate which would be the p ride of a I ord i n be > as k ed dO Eng land . It may w"hy not the native sons take up these oppor tunities The answer is that the agricultural populat ion of the To wnships is too small to meet the d emands o f agriculture . Many farms should be divided . The Eastern Townships could sustain do ubleftheir present agricultural po pula tion and such a pop ulatio n could more than double the ’ f t is t agricultural output o h territory . The farmer wi h ‘ th o u li lie tw o capital , even g may have only one or the hundred pounds , should investigate Eastern 7 o w ns hi s p before going elsewhere in Canada .

o He can do this with ut additional expense , because the Eastern Townships are at the gateway o f Canada .

TO YOUN G WOM EN F OR D OM E S TI C S ERV ICE

o In the Eastern T wnships of Quebec , there is a steady demand for domestic servants , and many young women from England and Scotland find employment

. e as here In the city of Sh rbrooke , as well in the towns and villages , opportunities always exist . No competent girl seeking employment fails to find work immediately at wages ranging from $ 1 0 as a minim u m 1 8 to $ or more per month , in addition , of course to board and a comfortable home . The fact that the Eastern Townships o f Quebec are T so much nearer the Old Country , even than oronto and s a points in Ontario , to y nothing of Western

Canada , makes the positions available here very o f attractive to young women limited means , who are intereste d in saving the expense o f a longer journey .

WHAT TO D O ON ARR I V A L AT Q U E B EC .

A special Eastern Township s agent meets all boats fo r o f . at Quebec , the port landing Persons destined this section should inquire fo r 1;he Eastern Townships

Agent immediately on arrival . The accompanying map will show the two rout es from Quebec to the

Eastern Townships .

G AT K D I STR I B UTI N D EPOT S H ERB ROO E , I N ‘

TH E EASTE RN TOWN S H I PS .

o f In Sherbrooke city , the centre the Eastern Town

‘ is t fo r ships , located the distribu ing depot this dis t ri t r c . It is just across the st eet from the Union s ho uldfi re o rt o fi ic e o n Station . New arrivals p at this arrival in Sherbrooke . While the Eastern Townships o f Quebec have no t o f been extensively advertised , a large number Old Country men have come to this district during the u past few years . Statistics show that over five tho sand men and women from the rural se ctions o f Eng o f land have found homes here since 1 90 6 . Most them have gone o n to the land . A good many have ,

. however , found work in the mills and shops All are

apparently happy and contented . 6

FACTS TO B E R EM EMB ER ED .

The Eastern Townships of Quebec are a developed section o f country where newcomers will enjoy all modern comforts , pleasant homes , good schools for u their children , ch rches , amusements , and all the con yeni enc es and Opportunities o f establishe d commun t I e I s . The Eastern Townships in their general conditions s o closely resemble rural districts in England and Scot land that Old Countrymen will find it especially easy r to take up life he e . The Eastern Townships have need o f and will have room and opportunities for a much greater pop ala tion . At present the population is only 3 4 to the s r w t quare mile , as compa ed i h 3 44 per square mile in the United Kingdom .

L TAB E O F FAR ES .

6 5 Liverpool to Quebec , £ 5 . 1 0 Liverpool to Winnipeg , £ . r 1 Liverpool to Calga y , £ 5 . 1 Liverpool to Vancouver , £ 7 .

COMPTON CO UNTY .

Compton County , the largest county in the Eastern is i Townships , espec ally adapted for farming and

dairying purposes . It has an area o f acres . o f The diverse scenery of hill and dale , fertile farms , o ne o f of woods and streams , reminds of some the i f nest parts c f the Midland Counties o f Old England . In addition to this there are lakes and riv ers which f as w a ford splendid fishing , well as furnishing po er

to many large industries . Four o f the leading railroads have lines running f th rough the county at di ferent points , which make

the various markets easily accessible to the farmers .

Good farms with fi rs t - class buildings can be bought

at reasonable figures and on favorable terms . Some o f the res pected farmers in Compton Co unt v are men P U B L IC H IG HWA N W L L W L E Y EAR I O DA FARM. L ennoxv E as r Town hl s e in the te n s . ill , p who came o ut from the Old Country years ago with

To - and out a penny . day they own their farms their children are prosperous land owners , or are doing well in other lines o f business .

SOME O F TH E COUNTY TOWN S . — o - u COOK S H IRE . P pulation chef lieu or co nty a im town as it would be c lled in England , and an portant trade and industrial centre . Situated at the j unction o f the Canadian Pacific and Maine Central

Railways . Pure spring water and sewerage system

. owned by ‘ the Corporation

- LAKE MEGANTI C . Population On Canadian u Pacific and Q uebec Central Railways . Sit ated on

- fi v e the shores of Lake Megantic , with its forty miles

- o r of beautiful lake shore . Chef lieu of the newly n z a g a i ed county o f Frontenac . Noted s a summer resort as well as for its hunting and fishing attra e tions . A — EA S T NGU s . Population On Quebec Cen

“

n - v v i h tral Railway . A busy industrial to w t its g reat u w w s a . p lp and paper mills , ground ood and mills

V — WATER ILLE . Population On Grand Tru nk

Railway , at which place a larg e bedstead factory is located .

S W — S COT TO N . Population 95 0 . On Canadian Paci fi c Railway . Large cask manufacturing establish s aw ment and mills . A noted lumber centre . Annual county fair held here .

W RV —A SA YE I LLE . prosperous village on Maine Cen w tral Rail ay . Local trade centre with lumber a nd splendid agricultural interests . — COM PTON . A pretty rural village on Grand Trunk ’ ’ . n Railway Seat of King s Hall Ladies School . C c o f c o munit tre a rich farming y. V —A MARTI N I LLE . pretty little village in the ag ric ul

. no t a tural district Besides these , incorpor ted , may L a at rie o hnv ille be mentioned Gould , Bury , p , J , etc . _ - 9 STAN STEAD COUNTY .

Stanstead County is an extremely fine farming sec

tion . It borders on the State o f Vermont o n the

South . Dairying is carried o n extensi v ely in this county , and butter and cheese factories are located at i all conven ent points . Some o f the finest sugar o r y chards are to be found in Stanstead Count . Mixed farming is carried o n under very favorable condi i r ' t . T a N s . o tions here , howeve , scarci y of help

person seeking work on the farm , in Stanstead Coun

t . y, fails to find it at remunerative wages A number o f Splendid farms I n this county are o f fered for sale by their propri etors who have reached

advanced years .

— v STAN S TEAD PLAI N . Population Attracti e

village on Boston Maine spur line . One mile from

International boundary . Noted as the seat o f Stan

stead Wesleyan College which , while actually within m o f the unicipality Ro”ck Island , occupies a prominent position o n the plain just to the south of the village municipality . — ROC K I S LAND Population Busy industrial

centre located just north o f International line . Noted i for it s overall factor es , tap and dye works , whip and blanket factor—ies , etc . l OAT COO P 0 ulat io n . C I K . p Important centre

Eastern part o f Stanstead County , on the Grand

- r Trunk Railway . Has good water power and seve al

busy industries . A O — s o n M G G . Population Pro perous town

o f . C . P . R . at outlet Lake Memphremagog Noted

for it s large textile works . — ORT AT E O u . N H H L Y . Boston Railway At as the outlet Of Lake Mas s aw ippi. Noted a summer o f A i resort . Thousands mericans are enterta ned here

every year . ’ — ER S I o f . AY CL FF . Seat County Building Located i e at northern end of Lake Mass aw ipp . Trade c ntre

’

- . and summer reso rt . Annual County Fair held here

I O

EEB E —On B . Boston Maine Railway , near Inter

national boundary . Attractive residential locality .

Noted for granite quarries and works . Annual Camp

Meeting held here .

— 2 DI"V ILLE . Population 4 5 . On Grand Trunk

Railway . Six miles from Coaticook . Trade centre w ith important timber interests . Stanstead County has s everal other pretty village o : o communities not inc rporated , such as Barnst n , ’ Hatley , Ways Mills , Fitch Bay , Georgeville , Smith s ’ K i l at ev l e . Falls , Boynton , Baldwin s Mills , , etc

R I CHMOND COUNTY .

This county is located along the rich valley of the o f the St . Francis River , and has some finest farms

in the Province . This is especially the case with

n e . such tow ships as Clev land , Melbourne and Shipton Mixed farmi ng with dairying as the leading feature i n s carried o extensively . There are Opportunities in this county for many Old Countrymen willing and qualified to take up farm w o rkf C H MOND — RI County town . Population w Grand Trunk Railway junction . Noted as rail ay

and industrial town ; also summer resort . County

Fair held here .

— P o u ANV E . n . D ILL Attractive village o G . T . R p r lation Summer resort ; also trade and indus

trial centre . Horticultural Fair held — . B ROM PTON V I LLE . B usy industrial town on the it s Grand Trunk . Population Noted for big

pulp mill . — I SOR M L L Ou a . W ND I s . Grand Trunk Railw y Population Busy industrial town noted for it s

paper mills and p o wder works . A — s B E To . S s Population On Grand Trunk ,

fo r it . near Danville . Noted s asbestos mines Mention should also be made of the attractive vil l o f . ages Melbourne , Kingsbury and New Rockland

— I I B ROM E COUNTY .

o f While not one the largest , Brome County , agri o f o f culturally , is one the best sections , the Eastern

Townships . It reaches to the United States Border Mem hrem on the south , while to the east is Lake p A f h . s o t e agog in other sections the townships ,

dairy industry has been highly developed . Stock and i n grain rai sing s also cmarried o extensively . There is a great de and for Old Country farmers . o f They can readily find employment , and , possessed i ac a little cap tal , will find splendid Opportunities to fo r o o f quire land themselves here , as in ther parts the E astern Townships . o r Area , acres . Population , er p square mile . K — W rl . O TO A E . C 0 u t N L N VILL G y Town Population , 8 6 . o n a 5 Picturesque village Brome Lake , f mous as o summer resort . Knowlton C nference , the Canadian

N hfi n . . . o rt eld . , held here a nually Railway , C P R — 86 . i TTO A E . SU N VILL G Population , 9 Progress ve manufacturing community o n the Canadian Pacific o f u Railway . Centre very pros perous agric ltural dis i t tr c . — A ST A A E 60 . E M N VILL G . Population , 7 On Cana

' dian Pa c ific and Orford Mountain Railways . Centre n C o f lumber and mining operations . Promisi g opper and asbestos dep osits in vicinity .

e at Brome , Mansonville and Fost r are among the

o . tractive little villages , though not incorp rated The famous Potton Sulphur Springs are located in this county . I MI S S I S O U O COUNTY .

Here is another fine s ection o f the Townships . The land is exceptionally fertile and permits the s uc bes s ful x raising of grapes and pears . Dairying and mi ed

is o n c . farming carried , as well as sto k raising Some o f the finest horses in the Province are t o be found here .

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Mis s is quo i County extends west to Mis sisquo i Bay

at Lake Champlain . Cowansville , the seat of the ’ Eastern Townships Dairyman s Exchange , is located

in this county . o Area , acres . P pulation , or

per square mile . — E OR . F . B D D County Town Population , Sev

eral important manufacturing plants . Considerable

- water power developed . On Canadian Pacific Rail a w y. M — ARN HA . F Population , Railway and manu f r n ac t u i g centre . Important water works On

Canadian Pacific and Central Vermont Railways .

- 8 1 . n COWANS V I IJL E . Population , 3 Importa t trade

centre , being surrounded by very rich agricultural dis i t r c t . Seat of Eastern Townships Dairying Associa

tion . On Canadian Pacific Railway . — 2 6 . l U N HAM . v e 6 D Populat_ion , 9 Attractive i lag , ‘ D ’ miles from Cowansville . unham Ladie s Coll eg e

situated here .

FR E L I G H B U R V 1 L L A E — 2 82 S G G . Population . Local

fi

‘ ' f M I u i n R o uv ill trade centre . Head O fice of iS S S q O a d e

Fire Insurance Co . — I I P S B RG A E . PH L U VILL G Population , 3 47 On Miss is quo i Bay Famous fo r—it s marble quarries S WE - ETS B U R G A E 0 . VILL G Population , 3 5 Chef lieu o f district , court house and jail located here . District hospital recently established .

Stanbridge East , St . Armand , Clarenceville and r other attractive villag e communities not inco porated .

S H E FF ORD COUNTY .

This county has won an enviable reputation for agriculture . Around Waterloo and Granby especially the land has been brought to a high state o f cultiva

. w ell > as tion Dairying is carried on extensively , as i stock raising and general mixed farm ng . Exception al opportunities are offered in this county for Old

Countrymen desiring to take up farming in Canada .

1 3 Area , acres . Population , o r per s quare mile . — RANB Y . G Population , On Central Vermont

Railway , near Canadian Pacific Railway . Very im portant manufacturing centre . Famous for its rub ber and tobacco factories . Second largest town in o the Eastern T wnships .

- - AT ER OO . o f W L Population , Chef lieu coun

- t . y Important manufacturing and water power . On

Central Vermont and Canadian Pacific Railways . f O fers Special attractions to manufacturers . — W . A REN CEV E 2 2 6 . L ILL Population , Local trade centre . Lawrenceville Dairy Board meets here . F — " L L . . O TO A s 8 fa R N Population , 73 Manu cturing

- r . centre . Water powe A chair factory is the chief industry . — P R DE TI E . 8 1 0 . TE . U N N S Population , Local trade centre . — E S T HE FFOR . 6 . W S D Population , 3 3 On Canadian

Pacific Railway . Important d airy and farming cen tre . — SOUTH S TU K E L v . Famous for its marble deposits B B OTS OR it s and A F D for fruit , are located in this coun ty.

M E GANTI C COUNTY .

Megantic County , as will be noted from the map , is the most northerly Of the Eastern Townships Coun i . s ties There much fine farm land in this county , is and general farming carried on , with special atten o tion to st ck raising . Old Countrymen will find ex n n c ellent Opo rt u ities i this county . ET OR NE S — TH F D MI Population , On Quebec Famc us t he Central Railway . for its asbestos mines , richest in the world . AC A E — B L K L K Population , On Quebec Cen tral Railway , four miles from Thetford ; also noted for its great asbestos mm i ng operations . — - I . NV E R NE s s . Chef lieu of county Pretty village c centrally located in good agricultural distri t .

— LEED S VILLAGE Attractive village in Leeds Town Of ships , centre agricultural district .

B - O O ERT S ON . u R Quebec Central Railway . Trade centre with lumber and asbestos interests . E S S I S V I E —Ou w F PL LL . Grand Trunk Rail ay . opu ih lation , Prosperous village , large lumber

t eres t s .

. a Mention may also be m de of St . Ferdinand , ’ B e rnierv ille L aurierv ille Broughton , Kinnear s Mills , , , etc . L WO F E COUNTY .

s Wolfe County , up to the pre ent , has been more a fo r field the lumbermen than for the farmer . Thi s Dudsw ell does not apply to , however , which is one of the oldest and most hig hly cultivated of the East i f ern Townships . There is much splend d land in Wol e

County available at very reasonable prices . ’ — u i P l S RAE I O . O u a D I L . Quebec Central Ra lway p ' m n n i lu ber c e t re . c o s d tion , Important Has c rable electrical developments .

o n LA KE WEEDON and WEEDON C ENTRE . Quebec Central Railway noted for their lumber inter ests .

ARB ETON —In Dudsw ell a ric ul M L . Township , is an g tural centre . County Fair held here . ’ In Wolfe County there are also Bishop s Crossing , W lf t ow n o s . St . Camille , and Garthby

K ARTHABAS A COUNTY .

Arthabaska County is one o f the interior counties of the Eastern Townships , and is devoted to general n farming . Dairying and stock raising are carried o throughout the county — - AR TH AB A S K AV I L L E . Population , chef lieu of district . On Grand Trunk Railway . Prosperous town with lumber and manufacturing interests .

C TOR A E - VI I VILL . Population , Attractive resi _ _ 1 5 n dential town in Arthabaska , oted as the home of Sir

Wilfrid Laurier . W —P ” K . 28 AR C . W I opulation , 9 On Grand Trunk

. Railway Manufacturing interests .

D RUMMOND CO UNTY .

o This county along both banks f the St . Francis

Valley is an exceptionally fine farming section . A large trade is done by the farmers o f this county in m ilk and cream shipped every morning to Montreal . There are also many butter and cheese factories at n convenient dista ces . There is a great demand for farm help in this county . A good many fully equipped farms can also be bought from farmers who wish to retire . — - P l V . O u D RU MMOND ILLE Chef lieu of county . p a tion , On I . C . R . Railway . Noted for its iron forg es . ’ — L AV E NI R J Attractive village and agricul tural dis i t r t . c Annual County Fair held here .

Within this county are also located South Durham , with extensive lumber interests ; Kingsey Falls , where U lv n is ert o . a paper mill in operation , , etc

Drummond and Artha baska Counties are. united in o ne Federal matters , sending only member to the o f o tw o House C mmons at Ottawa , but to the Quebec t o Legislature . The same condition applies the twin counties of Richmond and Wolfe .

L A OCATION AND AR E .

t The Eas ern Townships , a name which for years has been applied to the townships comprising the o f counties Brome , Compton , Drummond and Artha Mis s is u o i baska , Megantic , _ q , Richmond and Wolfe f u She ford , Sherbrooke and Stanstead , form the so th m be east corner o f the P ro v c e o f Quebec . They lie tw een the forty - fi fth and fo rty - sixth parallels Of lati “ and tude , on the south and east are bounded by the

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o f . United States America In area this district , one o f of the most fertile the Dominion of Canada , com prises acres .

L EAR Y H I STORY .

A century and a half ago the country with which this pamphlet deals was unknown to the white man . The Indian hunter pursued wild animals through it s vast fo rests o r fished its streams and lakes to provide food for himself and family , but the uncultivated land gave then no promi se of the immense possibilit ies since realized . o f 1 8 a In the autumn 7 4 a h rdy band of pioneers , o f p w ho e many them United Em ire Loyalists , had s en service on the B ritish side in the American R ev o lu o n Mis s is uo i tion , settled the Shores of q Bay , purchas ing land at about two shillings per acre , and proceed o ut h r ed to hew for themselves omes in a land whe e ,

- o f to day , many their descendants live amidst peace “ ” it and plenty . This advance guard as may be

w as b new mers - called , yearly followed y _ co attracted by the reports of the fertility of the soil , and the East ern Townships became settled ; schools were Opened ; o churches built ; r ads constructed , and the evolution from a frontier settlement to a thickly populated and well cultivated agricultural community was gradu ally accomplished .

PR E S ENT COND ITI ON S .

1 1 1 dec en In 9 , the year in which the last Canadian w as hi nial census taken , and the latest date for w ch f o ficial figures are available , the Eastern Townships o f 2 had a population persons . There were 9 , 1 w 8 3 4farmers occupying acres . There ere 4 5 cheese and butter factories with an output valued at without taki ng into account the la rge a mount o f cheese and butter manufactured o n the 88 farms . There were 7 manufacturing establishments with an invested capital o f turning o ut annually manufactured —goods valued at I 7 There was in 1 9 1 1 an output from the asbestos mines valued at There are now in the Eastern Townships 73 6 miles of fi rs t - class rail ways . From this general review o f present conditions and before proceeding to deal with the Eastern Townships e a in detail , it may be interesting to the read r to le rn the Opinion held of the Townships by a well informed

- u . British nobleman , three quarters of a cent ry ago

L OR A ER GOV ER NOR - G E ERA OF CA A A N 1 8 1 D YLM , N L N D I 3 ,

o f in a letter to the B ritish Secretary State , wrote “ I have visited the Eastern Townships as far as the U frontier of the State of Vermont , in the nited States . It is extremely diffi cult to form an estimate o f the numbers which the uncultivated parts o f the Eastern To wnships will bear ; but I think I am w ithin the mark in saying that might be added to the existing population with a certainty o f raising sufh fo r o w n cient agricultural produce their subsistence , and for the purposes o f commerce necessary for their other wants . The country which goes under the name of Townships appears to me the ”most eligible for settlement o f any I have yet visited . Men of the present day will say that Lord Aylmer w h o f as well within t e mark . The present population the Eastern Townships is about o r one - half of what this particular section of Canada , sometimes “ ” o f r called the Eastern Garden Canadian Agricultu e , o could , according to Lord Aylmer , support in comf rt and prosperity . 1 8 1 It is not necessary , however , to go back to 3 to find w e ll known gentlemen occupying important pub li o n c p sitio s , who hold high opinions of this section of country .

TE STI MONY F ROM EAST ERN TOWN S H I PS L P EOP E .

" The following testimonials are from prominent

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is in some instances valuable timber still standing .

There are farms for sale , large and small , and a man who wishes to invest money could find something in this vicinity to his mind . The maple sugar industry n is a good proposition . Syrup bri gs from five to Six er cents p pound , and sugar in pound cakes brings r from eight to ten cents p e pound . “ C f Nearly all kinds grain are raised here , and a apples , pe rs , plums , and small fruits in abundance . Butter factories and skimming stations are in easy o f reach the farms , and butter brings good prices . “ is The outlook for laborers good , wages are hig h and even then many farmers are compelled to do their o w n work owing to the scarcity o f help . Good trusty men can find work the year round .

RO C . N . STER I R A E U E . F M LY , K KD L , Q

Chan c es o f saving money are much gre ater in the a s Eastern Townships than in the Prairie Provinces , men can get work all the year round at good wag es , 2 0 say from $ 5 to $3 , per month , with board , at farm as o ne o f houses , where they will be used the family , h r t o suc as having thei clothes repaired , a horse go to o r b the stores church , eating at same ta le as farmer , t n etc . , etc . , and they can hire , if they wan a cha ge , and go into the lumber camps during the winter months ne at about the same wag es as in farming time . At o time it was necessary t o be an expert with an axe to

get into a lumber camp , but now nearly all the work

s aw . is done with a , even to cutting down the trees a s um Where s , in the Prairie Provinces during the o n o r o n mer , wages may be higher than farms , rail i o f i way construct on , but at the beginning w nter all o f work stops o n account the cold , and the laborers fl ock to the cities and are O r lad to work fo r their ’ o r board . Hundreds can t get this chance , and all nearly all o f their money which was earned du ring the a s preceeding season is spent , living is excessively w h a s . R e , hig , are also rents farmers ith capital and ° their chances o f success in the Eastern Townships

- 2 0 The Eastern Townships were originally settled by Eng

- had lish Speaking people , and although they not very o r good markets much railway facilities at that time , et v i y nearly all succeeded in making a good li ng , and o f o n o f laid up a good bit money , account the fertil

. o ur ity of the soil At the present time , with home o markets in our cities , t wns and villages , which are o ur all v growing rapidly , and network of railways o er , there is a keen demand for everything the farmers v t a o . h e spare , at fine prices There are also many m n and i es quarries in the Eastern Townships , that

r furnish farmers with good markets for thei produce . P i n the r ces for la d are extremely low , about value of the buildings only . We have cheese and butter fac tori e s scattered all over at convenient distances from f r s o f a m houses , good roads , schools , churche all k n e i ds , good health , long life , no bad storms to d stroy o ur as crops , and a rule , fine weather to gather in our place in the British Empire where large capital will do as well .

"

B E UE. RO ER E S T E . PI ERCE E O R N F M N , M L U , Q

The possibilities in the Eastern Townships of Que bec for farm laborers and farmers with a small a o f mount capital to invest are , I consider , very , very good indeed . Capable young men , who are sober and industrious can find go o d homes with the bes t o f fam ilies where salary according to ability will be willing l y paid , work plentiful throughout the entire year . No one willing to work need be idle . Farmers with small capital can purchase desirable f homes near churches , schools , post o fice , railway,

. n etc Good markets are always ear at hand . No section in Canada offers such inducements to ag ric ul t uralis t s o f a s Great Britain the Eastern Townships , “ ” as o f n known the Garden Quebec . Here the ew settler will find himself surrounded by his o w n co un” t r men y in a land where all are prosperous and happy .

2 1 RO MR . H . s . OS TER K NOW TON E F M F , L . QU .

be The rich endowment , with which nature has unsu r stowed our Eastern Townships , make them passed for the production o f gilt edge butter and fancy C e heese , and unit d effort upon broad lines , with med r ium capital and labor , will Show great futu e develop h ment . Our magnificent pasture lands give cows t e fo r necessary requirements good flow of milk , and by o f the cultivation sugar beet and ensilage corn , a fall and winter feed is produced that keeps up the milk

flow . General conditions make this section part ic u larl y desirable to newcomers , who will find a country

in many ways Similar to the home land , but with

greater opportunities .

- RO EO . F . A S ECRETAR TREA S RER OF B ROM E F M G H LL , Y U

CO N T AGRI C T RA SOCIET B RO E U E U Y UL U L Y , M , Q .

The scarcity of farm help is felt very keenly by the at Eastern Townships farmers . Many farmers are o f bo tempting to till the soil with the aid a small y ,

their wives and daughters helping in the hay field . Many have rented their farms and retired t o the vil

lage . Others having made themselves comfortable by o f fo r results their labor , are advertising their farms

sale , their sons having chosen professions . The outl o ok fo r good men t o work o n a farm is ex n do c elle t . Those who can milk and farm work can

earn fr o m $ 2 0 t o $2 5 per month . The home seeker with a few hundred pounds can procure a f ully w ell he equipped farm ”stocked , and in a few years comfortably well off .

RO ROB ERTSO WATER OO E . M w . W . F M N , L , QU

o o f ln Immigration , like most ther affairs human

r t , t e es , is more or less subject to fashion and smee

the Great North - West with its inestimable resources o f was acquired by the Dominion Canada , and the the Canadian Pacific Railway was built , thus linking eastern provinces on the Atlantic seaboard with the

2 2

great province of British Columbia on the Pacifi c , in the indissoluble bond of mutual intercourse and a o f m the common interest , the fashion im igrating to

North - West has become more popular every succeed ing year , until at the present it has reached that stage o f steadily increasing interest which would justify the “ n popular expressio All the rage . Teeming thou sands are steadily pouring into this veritable land o f promise , from every country of Europe and the Uni ted States , with not a few from the Orient and Asia o f Minor , where all industrious habits and pers evering faith may realize the ideals of human happiness and fo r progress . I would not wish one moment that anything I may s ay concerning the Eastern Town ships O f Quebec should cast reflection upon the im m ense possibilities in store fo r the Western Provinces of the Dominion ; possibilities which eve n in the near future will far exceed the dreams of the most sanguine

- n of to day ; p o ssibilities incapable of o v erestimatio . My object is simply to point out a few Of the induce ments which the Eastern Townships hol d out t o t he practical agriculturalist with more o r les s mg ney to ‘ “ “ n n purchase a farm home suited to his mea s a d wishes . o o r To all such , the Townships offer many inviting pp i r c o nv en t unit es . Here , sur ounded by all modern ienc es i o f o n , with a cho ce the v ery best markets the continent , with Montreal at our door , so to speak , and Y Boston , New ork and other United States centres within easy reach , we are able to Obtain the most

satisfactory prices for all sorts o f produce . The seen ery o f the Eastern Townships is s eldom surpassed anywhere fo r real natural beauty . For instance , Shefford and adjoining counties would compare very favorably with much of the finest scenery in Scotland . l These counties , with their beautifu ly wooded moun o f tain stretches , in every Shade green throughout the ih Spring and Summer months , or aglow with the describable autmun tints ; with their long stretching ' fe rtile v alle s i y , and with here and there some beaut ful lake reflecting its surroundings with panoramic ex

ac t ness . and exquisite charm , are truly magnificent Nor Should it be overlooked that fo r beautiful rivers o f g o h and general supply o d wholesome water , t e

Eastern Townships , in common with the entire Prov n be i ce , cannot surp assed . To such as might shrink from the conditions asso c iat ed o n with the earlier settlements the prairies , it may be o f interest t o kn ow that beautif ul farms with s w comfortable home , barns ith stabling and other o conveniences , orchards and other attracti ns , can be purchased at very reasonable prices , at almost any time . Perhaps the Eastern Townships are u ns ur

fo r s passed dairy purposes , their chee e and butter com manding the very highest prices o n the English mar

t o - ket day . Their maple sugar products are in in creasing demand . s a o o r ac To the sober , indu trious farm l b rer , those uaint ed g o f o r q with the mana ement horses cattle , the f fo r e n Townships O fer a very inviting field settlem t , the demand for such hel p always being in excess o f the supply . None need fear want o f employment at u g ood rem nerative wages .

Since I commenced to write this article , a gentle man from the Townshi p s has appro ached me to s ee if I could assist him t o Secure the services o f a good t o a clever young man , sober and reliable , h ndle cat 2 e r u tle , the wages bein g $ 5 p month , with Opport n Tr a a ities for p romotion . is rare indeed th t any re ll y u a t o fi nd o r careful , industrio s person has any f ult a n o n complaint to make , gainst co diti s p revailin g in o f a w any p ortion Can da , and the same applies ith equal force to the East”ern Townships as t o other pe r tions o f the Dominion .

RO M ROB ERT I C T H AT E U E . R . NOR F M D K , H L Y , Q

My experience of over four years is that the P rov ince of Quebec a ffords opportunities which I never found in England o r Scotland . After a few weeks in

Sherbrooke , the impression was born in me that if I could adapt myself to Canadian conditions and

o f . methods , the possibilities success were right here 2 4

s o I tried to do , and the result has been beyond my

expectation .

w . . RO M . C COO S I RE E R . G F M LU Y , K H , QU

" - Canada The native born Canadi a n can never realize the attraction the name has fo r the Old Coun

t r man o r . y , be he English , Welsh , Scotch I rish Allur

in o f - m g dreams a care free , unfettered life a ong fields o f golden wheat in the prairies o f the middle West o r W in the lumbering districts Of the East or est , are never dispelled until that glad day when those dreams materialize and he ploughs westward from the Mother “ Country , where every rood of ground maintains its “ ” be o nd the man to the Greater England y _ Seas .

where he eventually hopes to find a home . “ a A Londoner by birth , attracted to Canad by such z I s t visions as these , I alighted at Cookshire on May , 1 0 6 lat 9 , accompanied by my wife and two sons , the h ar . ad ter aged thirteen and ten , respectively I no p t ic ular reason for my selection o f a locality except that the very peacefulness and environment o f Cook

i o ne c e Was us sh re appealed to me , and as pla J t the

same as another , I determined to try my luck . “ Like the majority o f emi g rants I w as no t over ’ burdened with this world s go o ds and naturally my fi rst thoug ht was o f the prospects o f finding employ d ment , but any fears I may have entertaine on those as grounds were quickly dispelled , I had secured a f o r . o f place as farm laborer Mr John Learned , Cook w as shire , before I half an hour in the town . “ A Londoner transformed into a farm hand may an he seem incongruity , and I doubtless looked it w n as no t o f I fi rst started in , I did know the rudiments

a . t f rming The work , hard though it Some imes was when contrasted with what I w as used to in the great a metropolis , was more suitable to my disposition th n a nd a nd toiling moiling among bricks and mortar , in a short time I became quite a competent h and . In

return fo r my se rvices I received twenty - fi v e dollars a w month , house rent free , milk and fi re ood . Between my wife and myself we saved enough to

fi v e purchas e outright at the end of eleven months , a roomed house and an acre Of land on the outskirts o f the town . Needless t o s ay this was not accomplished w h o n t a s it out some striving both our par s , but an instance of what the Eastern Townships holds forth t t ha t to one who is willing to work , I may men ion though I S PENT FOURTEEN YEAR S I N ONE POS ITION A ND O R EAR S N A OT ER N T H E OL D CO TR 1 SAV E F U Y I N H I UN Y , D MORE I N E LEV EN MONTH S I N COOK S HIRE TH A N I DID I N

EI G HTEEN YEAR S I N ENG LAND . “ no w o f Having a house my own , I determined to try and amass a little money and started to work fo r w a firm o f chemical manufacturers situated in the to n .

m . be a . As I gan to work at about , and got

- o f through generally about mid day , I had quite a lot spare time which I devoted to the improvement o f my house or the cultivation o f my garden . “ One must not infer that it was all work and no play , however . Quite the contrary . I spent many a day fi shing or Shooting , and the contrast between the outdoor life of the country and the artificial enjoy ments of the city , was all in favor Of the former . “ My second year in the country found me much better o ff than I ever thought o f being in such a com a rat iv el p y short time , due mainly to the untiring o f efforts my wife , to whose industry and manage ment I am mainly indebted fo r any share o f prosperity a I may now enjoy . During this year I r ised more th an suffi cient vegetables in my garden for o u r home it a consumption , which item , small though may p s um pear , meant the saving of a nice at the end of the t f o r y ear . Things went on in much the same s yle a two years more , when I bought another cre adjoin ing my own , still retaining my position with the h Chemical Company . In the meantime bot my sons had secured positions with the local newspaper , the o f elder being now foreman . This is but a synopsis what the Eastern Townships has done fo r o ne immi is ev er p nc grant , and there no reason why y cannot do o f i equally as well . The absence anyth ng approach ing the conventionalities with which one is more o r

less hemmed in in the Old Country , and the kindnes s o f the people , whom I found ever ready to lend a is hand , a greater incentive than one would imagine to the accomplishment o f s omething appro a ching in dependence . “ a s o f Dear the land his birth is to every man , it is within the bounds of p os sibility that the land o f _his as h adoption would prove equally dear , especially w en

it has treated him as kindly as Canada has me . Six years ago I w as practically a penn i less immi

- o w n t w o o f grant ; to day I have my home , acres o land , both my sons in go d positions , with excellent n prospects for the future , e ough money to make fur o r ther real estate purchases invest otherwise , and — perhaps the greatest boon o f all a contented mind . AS the greater portion o f British emigrants leave VVest the United Kingdom bound for the Canadian , it is well to note that the Eastern Townships are on “ the road t o the West Here is a point worthy o f emphasis . It costs less money t o reach this part Of m a w Canada , and people arriving in the country y ell find it t o their advantage to investig ate Opportunities h n ere . If Ot satisfied they have only to resume their w . o f estern journey Sherbrooke city , the hub the ‘ iS 1 0 1 o f Eastern Townships , miles east Montreal , 1 o f 6 2 43 miles south Quebec city , and 5 miles west of ’ w . t o Halifax Canada s greatest railways , the Cana dian Pacific and Grand Trunk , pass through the heart of the Eastern Townships and there are several other penetrating lines .

L G L T C I MATE AND TOPO RAP H ICA F EA UR ES .

I t may be remarked that the climate of Canada has been more misunderstood than any other fact per taining to the country . Very exaggerated impress ions prevail regarding the rigors o f the Canadian w in ters . It is true that thes e are very decided in their character ; and the snow , in many parts , covers the ground t o a depth o f two or three feet ; but there are advantages in this . The snow is dry and p acks un

der foot , making the best roads and forming a warm covering for the earth , producing , moreover , an effect upon the soil which greatly facilitates the operations o f the farmer in the Spring . The dry winter atmos here p is bracing and pleasant . The sensation of cold is far more unpleasant during the damp days , such as fo r March , instance , than when the winter regularly

. sets in The summers , like the winters , are also Of decided character , being in the main warm and bright . Fruits and vegetables , which cannot be ripened in the open air in England , will ripen here to

. It perfection is believed that , taken as a whole , the climate of Canada is more favorable fo r both the agri u culturist and horticult rist than that Of England , with the single exception o f length o f season in which labor can be done in the field . The above statement o f climatic conditions in C anada , by a writer well acquainted with all sections r of this country , is especially applicable to the Easte n

Townships . The people of these southern counties o f Quebec

Province enjoy every season of the year . It is of ten a subject of debate in local lyceums as to which is the

o r . most enjoyable , winter summer Snow seldom rests upon the ground before December , and the “ is green Christmas by no means a rarity , but win r ter weather , as a ule , sets in about the first of De c ember , and then the sooner the snow comes the bet ter . Early in March the warm sun of spring begins o f to be felt and the glory the Eastern Townships , the maple sugar season , is at hand .

Canadians have no desire to change their climate , fo r and s ettlers in the country , after residing here a

e o f i . year or two , are g nerally the same Opin on Eastern Townships people frequently make the statement that there is no healthier section in Canada en than this portion o f Quebec Province . The last c s us figures support them in their claim , as they Show that the death rate is very low and the number of per

—2 8

ranks high as among the most important in the Town

. I t e ships is situated in B rome County , a s ction that is noted for its particularly fine scenery , and has “ ” it s among other features the famous Bolton Pass .

Around Knowlton , hills and valleys abound and the h lake itself is bot . pretty _and picturesque . The village contains a fine library and is the headquarters o f the

' Brome Historical Society . B esides an ample provi sion for visitors in the form o f cottages and boarding

houses , it possesses a Sanitarium which attracts a

number in search of invigorated health . is o f C Lake Megantic , which in the County ompton , o f a i on the borders Maine , is noted s a favor te resort for Sportsmen . Hunting and fishing , particularly the former , are enjoyed to a great extent , and guides are always on hand to take the searcher fo r big game into o f the deepest recesses the forest . A number o f other o f t o u lakes , forming somewhat a chain , are be fo nd in these regions . Indeed , lakes and smaller bodies of water abound all through the Eastern Townships . o f Many of them are considerable importance , besides those mentioned above , such as Brome Lake at fo r it s fi s h Knowlton , Brompton Lake , renowned fine ing ; Lake Aylmer , B reeches Lake . The others are n smaller , but very numerous , and are ofte Splendid f r o . fi shing , and their shores for hunting Mention should also be made o f the many rivers and smaller streams that must necessarily be found in

“ a section o f country marked by s o many lakes a nd wooded hills . Of these the two most important are Y o f the amaska draining the District Bedford , and the

. o f . . St Francis , draining the District St Francis The

a . l tter river flows through a valley , the St Francis , is it s that noted for rare beauty , which has elicited spontaneous and surprised exclamations o f pleasure from many a traveller acquainted with the beauties of o f Scotland and Ireland . Probably the chief reason much o f the beauty o f the Townships is because o f its w numerous valleys , mountains , rivers and lakes , hich

- combine to form an ever changing picture , Opening O o i a hic al new beauties at every turn . And these t p g p

features are no t alone valuable as admirable express o f the ions Of the beauty Nature , but are also chief r agents in making the soil rich and well wate ed , and

. i i a richly fertilized For da ry ng purposes , especi lly ,

is . the country , for these reasons , well adapted Good i w t o pasture land s al ays be found . Although considerable o f the forest lands hav e been o f cleared away , an abundance these valuable assets still remain . Not only the maple , but the Spruce , the h birch , the beech , the pine , the elm , and all t eir Cana dian sister trees , are to be found in abundance . Lum bering is therefore carried o n extensively and p ro fi t ably . The Eastern Townships have b een give n a larg e share of these natural gifts which make a country both pleasing to the eye and profitable as a place in which to obtain the necessities and luxuries o f life .

L G R E I I ON AND ED UCATI ON .

There are other matters than climatic conditions and topographical features which interes t people who contemplate becoming settlers . The character o f the ad people , their moral standing , their educational

vancement , the home comforts they possess , are of primary interest t o the prospective settl ers o f any country . er These cannot be dealt with at length h e , but a

pertinent reference may be made .

While all are not church - goers and all_have not chil

dren to educate , it is generally admitted that in their Churches and their Schools are to be found the key to ’ a people s character . o f r The people the Eastern Townships may , the e

fore , well be judged upon this basis . According to the last census there were 3 5 2 church es representing all the principal denomi nations and there were scholars in attendance at the var

ious Sunday Schools . Although many relig ious de

nominations are represented , all dwell together in I n peace and harmony . There is no place the world where the principle of religious liberty receives more i C emphat c recognition than in anada , and the East ern Townships are quite typical of the rest of Canada I n this respect . Now for a word about the schools : the v alue of School property in the Eastern Townships and the number of pupils attending is represented by the fo l

lowing figures . This applies only to schools under o f the control the Council of Public Instruction , and

does not include many o f the higher schools .

Arthabaska B rome Compton Drummo nd Megantic Mis s is quo i Richmond Shefford Sherbrooke Stanstead Wolfe

h An interesting fact , worthy of emp asis in setting forth the advantages o f the Eastern Townships as a

place o f residence , is that here there is a separate o f home for nearly every family . In some lands over

crowded p o pula tion , several families are obliged to v in crowd together beneath the same roof . E en cluding the several towns and villages and o ne city

. in the Townships , this condition is the exception The following stati stics well establish thi s assertion

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A TY P ICA - — L V I L L AG E E P IS COP A L CH U RCIL I p the E astern Tow nships .

acreage o f wheat such as prevails in the West ; there are no great fruit orchards such as are seen in the a fo r Ni gara peninsula , but the farmer raises wheat his family use and grows as fine apples as any in the no world for himself and the local market . But it is t to wheat and fruit that he looks fo r revenue .

L ’ R TH E TYP ICA EASTERN TOWN S H I PS FA M .

’ The typical Eastern Townships farm Of s ay 2 5 0 acres is divided into three sections , cultivated land , pasturage and woodland . The three divisions are Of e uallv probably , about equal extent , and each is q necessary and profitable . The pastures sustain , through the summer , the cattle and sheep , and such ' horses as are turned o ut to g raze . A farm such as that referred to should have forty head o f cattle and fo r perhaps fifty sheep . The woods furnish fuel the o house fire , cordwo d to sell at the village , and , what

mo re im o rt ant fo r - is p , the sap the far famed maple

o f . sugar ~ the Eastern Townships From the culti v at ed o f portion his farm , the farmer will take say o f eighty tons of hay , and a good supply ensilag e corn , turnips , carrots , etc . , for winter live stock feed two or three hundred bushels of potatoes , a few hun o f o f dred bushels oats and barley , a lesser quantity o f wheat , perhaps fifty bushels apples , squashes , is pumpkins , beets , etc . , etc . Strawberry cultivation carried o n by some farmers profitably , and grapes are not grown successfully in some sections , but gener all These and many others are the products o f the

Eastern Townships farms . Many are turned into ready cash at the local village o r town market . Pota

0 2 . C . " ( 4 per toes command from 5 ( s to bushel . Cereals are always saleable , though they are

r 1 0 . generally fed out o n the farm . Eggs bring f om 5

8 . . 0 I s . 0 . " to 4 ( d per dozen Bee keeping is found profitable by those w ho take it up s c ientifi “ ” a a o f cally . All this emphasizes the mixed ch r cter

Ea stern Townships agriculture .

TR TH RE E CH I E F A GRICU LTURA L I ND US I E S .

o f B ut , amid all these various phases farming , in o f this section Canada , three branches stand out prominently as representing the important revenue producing features of Eastern Townships farming

They are Dairying , Live Stock raising and Maple

Sugar manufacture .

TH E DAI RY I ND U STRY .

im First and foremost is dairying . It is the most ’ portant source of the farmers revenue . Its impor has as tance grown immensely within recent years , Canadian dairy products have won a firm place in the

British markets .

In fact , so important has this industry grown , that farms are leased on the basis of the number o f cows r n they are able to maintain , the ental figure bei g

' 1 0 fa rm about $ per cow . This means that a with thirty cows would rent for about $3 0 0 There is reason to believe that the dairy indus t rv " has not yet attained it s greatest su c cess in the East e ern Townships , for the r ason that there is still at least some littl e room for improvement in the methods followed . Eastern Townships butter and cheese have w o n i an enviable reputat on in the market , but a still greater care on the part of both fac t o rymen and farm ers will , it is believed , in the years to come . make dairying still more profitable there than it is now . No w , what is th"e great industry worth to Eastern a Townships farmers It is worth millions . Ex ct

figures are not available , but a leading produce mer chant o f Montreal has estimated that the butter and cheese production of the Eastern Township s rep re sents annually a total of not les than six million dol lars which estimate is generally c o n ceded to be well within the mark . If s ix million dollars are being a nnually dis t rib uted n no w in the Eastern Townships farming commu ity , it is possible to increase these six millions to twelve 3 5 millions in the near future , but more farmers are wanted , more agricultural laborers . The development of the dairy industry in recent years has doubled the value o f Eas tern Townships farms and has resulted in the burning o f many mo rt gages . With Holland and other dairy countries as ex am ples , it is evident that , remunerative as it is , the dairy industry is but in it s infancy in the Eastern To wn t h H o l ships , which district should strive to become e f land o Canada .

L I V E STOC K I ND U STRY

o n The live st ck and dairy industries go ha d in hand . t o The cream goes to the factories , the milk goes the w m s e . The bacon industry is in it s infancy in the Eastern F r Townships . o years the farmers have been fatten fo r the o r ing hogs local Montreal markets , but only recently have they begun to turn serious attention t o e n the production Of bacon fo r export . The Departm t o f Agriculture has been endeavoring t o educate the

Eastern Townships farmers in this connection . The The possibilities fo r the future are great . fattening of cattle for the market has perhaps not greatly ia ia o f creased recent years , but it is still a source con a u s iderable revenue . A visit to the autumn gricult ral fairs is su fficient t o impress o ne with the S plendid clas s of cattle bred in the Eastern Townships . The o f thoroughbred herds Ayrshire , Hereford , Durham , F res iene Jersey , Guernsey , Angus , and Canadian cat tle probably could no t be excelled anywhere .

The same may be said o f horses . Many splendid a nimals have been bred in the Eastern Town s hips and high prices have prevailed fo r several years past .

TH E MAP L E S U GA R I NDU STRY .

o f Canada is the land the Maple , and the Eastern W in Townships its m ost favored home . hile many other parts of the Dominion this magnifi c ent tree

wooden bucket and that in its turn to the tin bucket . The iron kettle for boiling purposes has been replaced

by the tin pan , and that by the modern evaporator .

- - u - In p to date sugar places to day , the sap , after leaving the tree , drop by drop , touches no more wood fi in the various stages to the nished article , even the o f o r z n hauling tubs and storage tanks being tin i c . Thus the purest and best mapl e sugar o r syrup is pro duc ed and the farmer profits thereby . The Eastern Townships are fortunate in their maple sugar season . It comes at a time when other farm operations are not pressing . Winter is passing and Spring is at hand . The snow is disappearing . The land is not ready for the plough or harrow or to receive the seed . Here are three o r four weeks when the farmer is entirely free to turn his hand to some “ - special money making job . Sugaring is the Oppo r unit t y. There is probably no other time in the year when he can make money s o quickly . Such briefly are the striking features o f Eastern

Townships agriculture . In dairying there are millions annually fo r the

Eastern Townships farmers . In sugar making there is an easy annual revenue almost peculiar to this part of the country . In live stock there is a handsome fo r profit the breeder . If in March next there should emigrate t o the East ern Townships competent farm hands to meet all de mands there is scarcely any doubt that the p roduction ’ of the Eastern Townships farms would be i ncreased many times over .

- Prosperity there is to day . What greater prosper ity the district might share with the addition o f a few thousand agricultural settlers who would e nable the farmers to draw from rich mother earth the great abundance she annually has to offer to the tillers of is the soil in that favored territory , it indeed hard to s aY

M I N IN G I N EASTERN TOWN S H I PS .

The Eastern Town ships o f Quebec have ne v er posed before the world —as a great mining community , 3 8

as Y such British Columbia , the ukon , New Ontario ,

o r . , perhaps , some other parts of the Dominion A r k deep rich soil , ather than mineral producing roc s , has o f been the pride and boast her people , yet some of the Eastern Townships mines are o f world - wide

- fame and there is , probably , to day in the Eastern fo r Townships , greater possibility the development of mining than in almost any other line Of industry in that part of the country . The Eastern Townships are marked by the high re

‘ gion formed by the continuation o f the Green Moun tain range northward . They have their little moun e t s et tain ranges , and rugg d hills , a pro ection and a ting fo r the rich undulating farm lands which stretch fo r miles between .

Those mountains and hills , those Eastern Town ships rocks are rich in minerals .

L D TH E S ITUATI ON B R I EF Y STATE .

T Briefly , the mining situation in the Eastern own ships may be stated as follows " “ t m - ih the Asbestos , the best and riches ines world and the total Canadian output .

Copper , extensive mines at Weedon and Eustis and scores of undeveloped properties scattered throughout the townships .

Gold , found in the streams and pyritous ores and has been mined to the extent that up to date some worth o f gold has been extracted from the ' auriferous gravels of the Chaudie re river and its tri b t i u ar es .

a Iron , found extensively throughout the E stern

Townships , especially in Sherbrooke , Brome and Mis s is uo i b re q Counties , and in the Que ec Central g ion ; in the last mentioned district at least three com ani p es in successful mining of chromic iron .

Granite , extensively quarried at Graniteville , in

Stanstead County . Dudsw e ll Lime , extensive plant at Lime Ridge , in , VVOlfe C ounty . 3 9 at P Marble occurs hilipsburg , where extensi v e Du s Operations have been begun ; also in . d w ell and S t ukel y townships , where the deposits give rise to re m unerat iv e quarrying .

Slate , extensively quarried at Rockland , in Rich mond County , and found both in Richmond and Shef ford counties ;

B rick clay and flagstone a profitable product . z Silver , inc , magnesite , lead and other minerals ex ist , but their mining has never been undertaken to any great extent .

S AS B ESTO .

The Canadian pro duction of asbestos is entii ely de o f rived from the Province Quebec . This mineral o c curs there in connection with rocks o f two di fferent ages . In the Eastern Townships it is found in the serpentines . The centres of production fo r these de posits are Thetford , Black Lake , East B roughton , t on the Quebec Central Railway , and Asbes os , near

Danville , on the Grand Trunk Railway . In the dis

- triet of the north and north east of Ottawa , asbestos is found in serpentinous and crystalline limestone of ‘ w Laurentian age . However , only the Eastern To n ships deposits are worked at present and they are res o nsibl p e for the total Canadian output .

C o . The Quebec Central Railway , in an interesting o n o f : little leaflet bearing the subject asbestos , says o f Of the many marvellous productions nature ,

is . not one , perhaps , more singular than asbestos

Using the words o f a well - known writer on the sub “ ec t —a j , it may be ca”lled a physical paradox mineral o ic al o f c o n g vegetable , occupying the position a nec tin t g link between the animal , vege able and min eral kingdoms . It is composed of about equal parts o f of silica and magnesia , with about fifteen per cent water and traces o f alumina and ferrous oxide . “ o ne o f Its uses are varied , the principal being a is e m fire protecting material . In this direction it ployed in connection with steam - pipes and boilers i around iron and steel girders , and for build ng pur

s h uc as doors , door frames , window frames , sashes , baseboards , etc . The production of asbestos in the Eastern Town ships mines has steadily increased year by year 1 0 The production in 9 3 was tons , which was sold for In 1 90 4 the produc tion was tons , representing

In 1 9 1 1 this production w as increased to tons , valued at o f e The price asbestos covers a wide rang . from

1 8 1 2 . 60 t o n ] t o $ s "to $ a for mil stock ,

$ 1 75 t o $3 0 0 for the best fi rst - class mineral . As showing the great growth in the asbestos indus it 1 880 i w as try , may be said that in the product on 80 1 8 0 1 0 0 only 3 tons ; in 9 , tons ; in 9 , 1 0 tons ; in 9 5 , tons , while now it has increased to over tons .

COPP ER .

Copper occurs extensively in the pyrite deposits o f the Eastern Townships and particularly in the County of Sherbrooke extending into all the adjoining coun ties . G L O D .

T o f t he he gold of the Province Quebec , with ex tio n c ep of a very small amount , is derived from the working of the Beauce region placers and from the

pyritous ores of the Eastern Townships .

Gold exists throughout the Eastern Townships . There is scarcely a stream from the sands of which the yellow grains o f the precious metal cannot be

washed , not in large amounts , but sometimes in pav

ing quantities .

The gold - bearing region par excellence is the

valley of the Chaudiere River and o f its tri butaries . These placers are at present being worked by modern

hydraulic methods . Gold - b earing quartz occurs in several sections o f

the Eastern Townships , and although in the past de posits Of this nature have not attracted much atten o n o f tion , it is possible that systematic work some them would give satisfactory returns . Extensive ex ploratory work is being carried o n o n aurifero us o f VV es tbur quartz deposits in the township y, near

East Angus .

CH ROM I C I RON .

Chromic iron o r chromite is a compound o f ebro mic oxide and ferrous oxide together with variable is proportions of magnesia , alumina and silica . It the only important ore o f the metal chromium and it s value depends o n the quantity of chromic oxide it c o n tains . “ The main producing countries are Syria ( Asia

: " : a Minor ", New eal nd and New Caledonia ; some is e chromite also Obtained from Australia , Gre ce , i Norway , Russia , and Newfoundland . In the Un ted

States , Pennsylvania and Maryland have for many o f o re years been producers this . “ — ‘ The occurrence of chromic i ron o r e o r chromite i n the serpentine rocks of the Eastern Townships has been known fo r many years and it is mentioned by the late Sir William Logan in the Geology o f Canada 1 86 for 3 . It is only within the last few years , how i o f ever , that there i as been any active development the industry . “ The principal Canadian chromite deposits are located at Coleraine and Black Lake on the Quebec an Central Railway , and the production is increasing nu l a ly. Large deposits of the mineral are found and several pits are constantly at work . It is expected

' that in the cours e o f a short time the annual o utput o f Crude chromite or concentr”ated chromite will ag g re o gate twenty th usand tons .

I RON OR ES .

The Government report o n the mineral resources o f the province deals extensively with the iron deposits of the townships . It mentions the existence o f ex tensive beds of iron ore in Wolfe , Sherbrooke , Brome , as well as in other sections of the townships .

L L STRUCTURA MAT ERIA S .

Under this heading may be included building stone , granite , marble , slate , flagstone , lime , clay , etc . , and all thes e are found in paying quantities in the East

ern Townships . Three large granite quarries are now in Operation has be in Stanstead township , and Stanstead granite

come famous throughout Canada . Operations at v Lime Ridge in Wolfe County are , also , extensi e . Here is the Canadian terminus o f the Maine Central

Railway . The Slate quarries o f Rockland in Richmond County

are also worked extensively and profitably .

is Such , stated as briefly as possible , Eastern Town It ships mining . is in its infancy and doubtless as more capital is invested and more men engaged in o f the industry , the outcome will justify the Opinion those who now look upon mining as one of the im

portant assets of that part of Canada . While the Eastern Townships as a whole are essen tiall y an agricultural territory , the splendid water powers have resulted in the establishment o f many

manufacturing industries . The towns and villages have grown up around these industries which are

scattered throughout the townships . Manufacturing has great possibilities in the East

s - t he ern Townships . Many thousand hor e power on

streams draining this territory are yet unde v eloped . fo r u o f Railway facilities , necessary the distrib tion t u manufactured goods , are of the best . P resen ind s

tries , with very few exceptions , are enjoying splendid

prosperity , are unable to handle the rush of orders and the necessary extensions o f the works give ample

proof of their prosperity in the past .

“ 44 L PU P AND PAP E R IND USTRY .

Within the boundaries o f the Eastern Townships

there are still extensive timber limits . Lumbering is , i therefore , an important industry , even w thin the as Townships , though not to the same extent in some

sections o f the province more recently Opened up .

The great pulpwood industry here flourishes . Large drives of logs for pulp o r lumber are brought down

the St . Francis and its tributaries every spring . There are in the Province of Quebec 2 8 pulp mills 1 0 6 2 2 t with a capacity of 4 tons , and paper mills wi h a capacity of 72 9 tons per 2 4 hours . Four of these mills are located in the Eastern Townships and pro

vide work at good wages for about employees .

IND USTR I E S .

The largest manufacturing establishments in the Eastern Townships are located at Sherbrooke and

smaller concerns at other points . The principal art ic les manufactured are air e compressing machinery and applianc s , rock drills ,

mining plant , water wheels and boilers . Located at Sherbrooke is one of the largest manu n factories o f woollen and worsted good s in Ca ada .

Other concerns in the Townships manufacture cloth ,

underwear , gloves , shirts , skirts , overalls , suspend

ers , horse blankets , etc . , etc . Cotton and print mills are amongst the most im

portant industries and are large employers of labor . Almost every town and village in the Eastern

’ Townships has a wood manufacturing industry * o f s aw some kind , and mills are scattered along all the

streams .

a Tobacco , rubber , paint , powder and biscuit m nu factories have a large amount of capital invested in them and beside those enumerated are many other concerns too numerous to mention . K CITY O F S H ERB ROO E .

’ T H E TOWN S I P S ETROPO I S H M L .

o f Sherbrooke , by reason its geographical location fo r and exceptional facilities manufacturers , is the chief trading centre and capital o f the Easte rn To w n shi s . Travelling men describe ”it as the only O ula Western City in Eastern Canada . It has a p p

’ 8 0 0 0 o f 1 . tion , The citizens Of Sherbrooke are enter i i as t o pr s ng , progressive and enthusiastic the possi biliti o es f their city and the surrounding territory . This faith is based in part o n the following facts There are some forty manufactories located in the city . These include iron working industries , clothing , wood working , ”carriages , and the largest woollen mills in Canada . Being the centre o f o ne Of the finest ag ricultural districts in Canada , living conditions are ideal for the employees o f the manufacturing industries . Four trunk line railways keep Sherbrooke in close

- fi v e touch with other markets , and some thirty pas senger trains arriving and departing daily . give the residents necessary communication with other sections o f the country .

o f - An unlimited supply water power , both in and fo r around the city , make it possible Sherbrooke to ' “ o fl e r ma”nufacturers the cheapest electric power in Canada . no r Sherbrooke is located neither east west , but in absolutely the right place . ’ The rapid increase in S herbro o k e s population is shown in the following table

L V G COST OF I I N .

The cost Of living in Sherbrooke as compared with in iS ‘ sho w n other cities Canada to be slightly lower . One reason fo r this is the presence o f a very good public market . Every Saturday morning the farm h o f ers from miles around drive in wit loads produce , “ ”

. meats , etc , and everyone Observes market day .

Board and l o dging ranges from per w eek up Of wards . Rent , course , depends entirely upon the

5 lf - r o nt ained hous e and location , but comfortable houses may be said to run from t o

per month . Statistics recently compiled from information furnished by men working in Sher ’ brooke s industries , Show that the working men rent ing their homes are payi ng an average o f 56 per

- o ut o f month . Twenty two every hundred workmen w n in the city of Sherbrooke own their o homes . Many new houses are being built in the city Of t o o r Sherbrooke , and the supply is at all times equal , in excess o f the demand .

The city tax o n all real estate fo r municipal pur 1 2 fo r pos es is mills , and school purposes , 5 mills , o f o f with a Special sewer tax mill , making a total

1 7 % mills .

no t Sherbrooke is a very he althy city . This is due

only t o its location , but also to the excellent sanitary The condition and absolutely pure water supply . city has never had an epidemic o f any kind .

fi rs t There are plenty o f amusement s , including a ' s ci a o r aniz class theatre , moving picture shows , o l g

’ s , atio ns s uc h as hockey , Skating and golf club and all — e the well known fraternal organizations are r present

ed .

All things considered , Sherbrooke and vicinity are no h es it a t i p n very attractive , and business men have fo r t h e e nt e r r i s in predicting a popula tion o f p

n . i g little city , within a few years

N L T N D E S ITY OF POPU A I O .

To return t o the consideration o f the Tow ns hips as a fairl whole , it may be said that although they are v . well settled , yet compared with old world settlements , o they would be considered very sparsely p pulated . e as f0 1 The figur s , according to the last census , are lows

P opul ation Male

Brome 1 6 Compton M I 1 egantic 3 , 3 4 D rummond and Arthabaska Mis s is quo i Shefford R ichmond Wolfe Sherbrooke 1 1 Stans tead 5

These counti es have an area of abou t s quare O u miles , and according to the above figures a total p p ” lation o f This w o uld g iv e an average Of

per square mile .

The District of St . Francis , which includes the counties of Stanstead , Compton , Sherbrooke , Rich mond and Wolfe , mentioned above , is said to contain about square miles , and , therefore , according t o o f the above figures , it has a population density

per square mile . The district of Bedford ; which The o f Miss is uo i includes counties Brome , q and Shef o f r has ford , with about square miles territo y , about to the square mile . Canada as a whole has only persons to the square mile and Quebec province only but in t his calculation are brou g ht vast areas of northern ter rit o r as y yet uninhabited .

The following figures showing the density o f po pu

49 “ a l ti on in some countries o f the Old w o rld are give n fo r comparison Persons

C . ountry per sq . miles . B ritish Empire as a w hole 3 6 ' United Kingdom 3 44 India England and Wales Scotland Ireland Belgium

I II the Eastern Townships there are no barren tract s o f . s land The soil posses es general fertility . A large population Of energetic tillers o f the soil would grea t ly n o f i crease the productiveness Of this part Canada .

OPPORTUN ITI ES OFF ER ED .

No w re o s it io n , what p p are the Eastern Townships o f Quebec able to make t o those people o f the British Isles who may contemplate emigrating to Canada" It is this

Several thousand men and women can fi nd imme ~ di ate and steady empl o ym ent and comfortable home s for themselves and families in the countie s o f Q uebe c i Province known as the Ea stern Townships . Brit sh o f c a it al no t farmers small p , necessarily more than o r c w s four five hundred pounds , can here be ome o ner o f n t sple did farms , already under cultivation , wi h ad good buildings , in communities enjoying all the n vantages O f modern civilizatio . Now t o e rfumerat e

I ARM ER S — s f C . F Eastern Township arming losely o f resembles that in Britain . The best farms from 1 5 0 to 3 0 0 acres range in prices from t o to Many prosperous farmers o f the

Eastern Townships are natives Of the British Isles .

Apply personally o r by letter t o

l - Hon . Dr . Pe letier , Agent General o f the Province 6 o of Quebec , 3 Kingsway , L ndon , England .

o f The Department Colonization , Mines and Fish e 1 ies , Quebec , Canada .

1 Captain Labelle , Imm tion Buildings , Quebec ,

Canada . 1

. 8 2 Mo n Mr Emile Marquette , St . Antoine Street , a tre l , Canada .

— ‘ A - CAU TION . newly arrived person should remem ber that while the Government makes every e ff o r t t o his e t further him on way in saf ty , it cannot protec him against the consequence o f foolish conduct o n his own part . If he prefers t akin fthe advice o f stran g ‘ f w ho s e d is gers to that of o ficials , 1i y esire to help o ne la e him , he will have no to b m but himself if he i ff fl ie f nds he has made a mistake . i has money deal o f a ings any kind with chance cquaintances , he may fo r his i at or he may not have to pay exper ence , and certain times he will find hims elf approached by ap a rentl w ho no t p y disinterested people , will advise him

'

t . e to settle in Canada , but to go _to , he States Th se re g a n men are American agents , who a paid by one or

iz at io n o r . another , to catch unwary immigrants hey e should be told politely , but firmly , that their advic

‘ and informati o n are not required .