Poetická Krutost? Nad Dramatickou Tvorbou Dennise Kellyho

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Poetická Krutost? Nad Dramatickou Tvorbou Dennise Kellyho JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Divadelní fakulta Ateliér režie a dramaturgie Divadelní dramaturgie Poetická krutost? Nad dramatickou tvorbou Dennise Kellyho Bakalářská práce Autor práce: Sabina Machačová Vedoucí práce: prof. PhDr. Miroslav Plešák Konzultant: MgA. Marek Horoščák, Ph.D. Oponent práce: PhDr. Pavel Aujezdský Brno 2012 Bibliografický záznam MACHAČOVÁ, Sabina. Poetická krutost? Nad dramatickou tvorbou Dennise Kellyho. [Poetic Cruelty? About dramatic work of Dennis Kelly]. Brno: Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Divadelní fakulta, Ateliér režie a dramaturgie, rok 2012. Vedoucí diplomové práce prof. PhDr. Miroslav Plešák. Anotace Diplomová práce „Poetická krutost?“ pojednává o dramatické tvorbě současného britského dramatika Dennise Kellyho. Na základě analýzy jednotlivých her se snaží pojmenovat jejich společné prvky a uvést je do širších historicko-uměleckých souvislostí: jejich návaznost na dramatiku 20. století a motivy vycházející z politicko- společenské situace. Annotation Diploma thesis „Poetic Cruelty?” deals with dramatic work of contemporary british playwright Dennis Kelly. On the basis of analysis of particular plays the diploma thesis tries to term their common elements and to introduce them into historical and artistic circumstances: their continuity of dramatic works of 20 th Century and themes proceeded from political and social situation. Klíčová slova Dennis Kelly - in-yer-face – Debris – Usáma je hrdina – Láska a peníze – Bohové roní slzy – Sirotci Keywords Dennis Kelly - in-yer-face – Debris – Osama The Hero – Love and Money – The Gods Weep – Orphans Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato diplomová práce byla umístěna v Knihovně JAMU a používána ke studijním účelům. V Brně, dne 15.5.2012 Sabina Machačová Poděkování Úvodem práce bych ráda poděkovala panu prof. M. Plešákovi za laskavou ochotu i přísnou důslednost při vedení práce, panu doktoru M. Horoščákovi za pomoc při překonávání jazykové bariéry i důležité informace z oblasti současného dramatu, slečně Marii Špalové a panu Michalu Kotroušovi za zprostředkování dramatických textů a panu magistru T. Grunovi za radu při formální úpravě textu. S úctou Sabina Machačová Obsah 1. Úvod.................................................................................................................7 2. Dennis Kelly .....................................................................................................8 2.1. Biografie...............................................................................................8 2.2. Dílo.......................................................................................................9 3. Politicko-společenský kontext.........................................................................12 3.1. Velká Británie.....................................................................................12 3.2. Svět....................................................................................................13 4. Kontext divadla a dramatické tvorby...............................................................14 4.1. Kořeny současného britského dramatu..............................................14 4.2. Zahraniční vlivy...................................................................................16 4.3. In-yer-face theatre..............................................................................17 4.4. Současné britské drama.....................................................................18 5. Debris.............................................................................................................20 5.1. Forma a struktura...............................................................................20 5.2. Děti rostou ve smetí............................................................................21 5.3. Téma..................................................................................................31 5.4. Jazyk .................................................................................................33 5.5. Další prostředky..................................................................................35 5.6. Žánr....................................................................................................35 6. Osama the Hero..............................................................................................36 6.1. Forma a struktura...............................................................................36 6.2. Najděte si hrdinu ................................................................................37 6.3. Téma..................................................................................................47 6.4. Jazyk..................................................................................................48 6.5. Žánr ...................................................................................................49 7. Stručný přehled dalších dramatických textů....................................................50 7.1. After the End......................................................................................50 7.2. Love and Money.................................................................................50 7.3. Taking Care of Baby...........................................................................54 7.4. D.N.A. ................................................................................................54 7.5. Murder at Gobbler's Wood..................................................................55 7.6. Our Teacher is a Troll.........................................................................55 7.7. Orphans..............................................................................................56 7.8. The Goods Weep...............................................................................56 7.9. Matilda The Musical............................................................................58 7.10. Things that Make No Sense.............................................................59 8. Závěr ..............................................................................................................60 9. Soupis použité literatury..................................................................................65 10. Reflexe bakalářského výkonu.......................................................................74 Příloha č. 1: Scénář k bakalářské inscenaci Letní sníh ........................................1 1. Úvod V této bakalářské práci se budu zabývat tvorbou současného britského dramatika Dennise Kellyho. Ten si během několika málo let vydobyl uznání divadelníků i publika po celém světě, všechny jeho dosavadní texty byly v Británii publikovány knižně a jsou předmětem kritických diskusí i početných inscenací. V první části práce bude nastíněn autorův životopis, který je důležitý především proto, že Kellyho hry obsahují četné autobiografické prvky. Dále se pokusím shrnout vnější okolnosti ovlivňujícího dramatikovo dílo, zejména historicko-společenské pozadí a divadelní zázemí. Politická situace ve Spojeném království i ve světě se nepřímo odráží v autorových dramatech, stejně jako umělecký vliv předchozích generací, zejména vliv generace Angry Young Man či dramatičky Caryl Churchill, dále fenoménu in-yer-face theatre a politického dramatu, absurdního a brechtovského divadla i Artaudových teorií. Neopomenutelné je dědictví individuálních autorů jako Edward Bond, Harold Pinter či David Hare. Poznatky k těmto vlivům budou čerpány z teoretické literatury, ale také ze samotných dramatických textů. Dominantní sekcí bude podrobná analýza dvou Kellyho textů, dramatu Debris a Osama the Hero. Jejich výběr není náhodný – můžeme v nich nalézt tematické i formální prvky, které se posléze objevují také ve zbytku jeho díla. Ve třetí části bych se ráda věnovala kratším pojednáním o zbývajících Kellyho dramatech. U her, které nejsou v České republice k dispozici, budu pracovat především s informacemi získanými z komparace anotací divadel, rozhovorů a odborných kritik předních britských či jiných zahraničních periodik. V závěru práce bych se ráda pokusila o shrnutí základních formálních a tematických prvků, které jsou pro Kellyho poetiku charakteristické. Jednotlivé prostředky a motivy se budu snažit uvést do kontextu k dalším dramatickým autorům, zejména ke Kellyho současníkům, jako je např. Mark Ravenhill, Joe Penhall či Martin Crimp. Cílem práce je snaha o poukázání na moderní a originální pojetí fenoménu společensky angažované hry, která není pouze suchopárnou agitací, ale na pozadí sociálních problémů odhaluje zároveň niterné lidské bolesti, strachy i rozkoše a nadčasové problémy jedince i kolektivu. 7 2. Dennis Kelly "Lidé jsou ze mě v šoku. Jsem moc obyčejný. Nejspíš čekají, že před jejich zraky zabiju kočku nebo tak něco..."1 Dennis Kelly 2.1. Biografie Britský dramatik Dennis Kelly se narodil v roce 1970 v irské katolické rodině. Dlouhá léta žil na londýnském předměstí, v severní čtvrti Barnet. O životě v tomto prostředí říká: "Byli jsme o trochu chudší než ostatní lidé, ale nebylo to hrozné dětství. Nečetli jsme knihy a telka v našem domě byla pouze ITV2 v sobotu večer. Myslím, že jsem nešel do divadla, ani nevěděl, co to je, tak do sedmnácti let."3 S humorem sobě vlastním také prohlašuje, že byl pravděpodobně bitý víc než většina jiných dramatiků. Kellyho otec pracoval jako řidič autobusu a budoucí dramatik byl prostředním z pěti dětí. V
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