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ORGANZING Pennsylvaniaworkers The Historical Society of PENNSYLVANIA LEGACIESSPRING 2014 VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1 ORGANZING Pennsylvania WORKERS Recognizing Our Supporters he Historical Society would in September 2013, also expanded the user experience by allowing not be able to provide any visitors to enter the site through of its valuable programs and multiple doors, whether through OFFICERS OF THE services without each and the documents themselves, thematic BOARD OF COUNCILORS sections, or a new timeline feature. every generous supporter. At Bruce K. Fenton, Esq. HSP is again building upon Chair Tthis time, we would like to recognize the its previous work as it completes many supporters that have helped establish the planning phase of Uncovering Alice Lea Tasman William Still’s Underground Railroad Executive Vice Chair HSP’s interpretive digital history program. this March with support from the Majid Alsayegh National Endowment for the Treasurer and Vice Chair, Since 2010 HSP has been building a robust Humanities (NEH) and the Pennsylvania Planning and Finance framework for interpretive digital history Abolition Society Endowment Fund (c/o the Nathan K. Raab projects that employ new technologies to Philadelphia Foundation). This digital project, Secretary tell important stories from HSP’s nationally now seeking funding for a full implementation Alice L. George significant primary source materials. The phase, will weave new connections between the Vice Chair, Collections projects make HSP’s collection material not manuscript journal and published book of William and Programs only more widely available through the web, Still, known as the “Father of the Underground Howard H. Lewis but even more valuable and discoverable Railroad.” This effort adds new geographic and Vice Chair, Institutional Advancement through the use of encoding and tagging and by network mapping capabilities to the platform providing such enhancements as transcription, and will provide extraordinary insight into the John Pickering annotation, and contextual essays. The projects experiences of enslaved individuals and families Vice Chair, Audit also include curricular supports for educators who passed through Philadelphia between 1852 David A. Othmer and links to related collection materials. and 1857 and the covert networks that aided their At-Large Member In 2010, with a grant from the Albert escape. Finally, the society has just begun a digital Robert J. Rittenhouse M. Greenfield Foundation, HSP began project that will focus on 500 political cartoons At-Large Member development of a pilot digital history project from the collections, but, more importantly, will called Closed for Business: The Story of Bankers Trust develop new tools for image annotation and SENIOR STAFF Company during the Great Depression, launched in standard practices for describing graphic items Page Talbott April 2013. This project uses HSP collections to that will improve sharing, discoverability, and President tell the story of the quick rise and steep fall of interpretation. This work is supported by a grant Lee Arnold Bankers Trust Company, the first large bank to from the National Historical Publications and Senior Director of the fail in Philadelphia during the Great Depression. Records Commission (NHPRC). Library and Collections Building upon this platform with a grant from We encourage each of our readers to visit our Michael Hairston the Bank of America, HSP developed Preserving digital history projects and learn more about our Chief Operating Officer American Freedom, a project that tells the story of current initiatives at http://hsp.org/history-online/ John Houser the evolution of American freedom through 50 digital-history-projects. Once again, thank you to Chief Information Officer remarkable and nationally significant documents all of the supporters that have made this exciting Beth Twiss Houting from HSP’s collection. This project, launched work possible. Senior Director of Programs and Services The Historical Society of Pennsylvania inspires people to create a better future PENNSYLVANIA LEGACIES through historical understanding. We envision a world where everyone understands Tamara Gaskell Historian and Director the past, engages in the present, and works together to create a better tomorrow. of Publications and Scholarly Programs To learn more about the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and how you can support its extraordinary collections, its programs, and its publications, please visit our website at www.hsp.org or contact Jon-Chris Hatalski, Director Rachel Moloshok Assistant Editor of Institutional Development and Grants Management, at [email protected] or 215-732-6200 ext. 220. Masters Group Design The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5699 Design TEL 215-732-6200 FAX 215-732-2680 WEBSITE www.hsp.org The Historical Society of PENNSYLVANIA LEGACIES SPRING 2014 VOLUME 14, NUMBER 1 Class Conflict and the 2 Demise of the Artisan Note from the Editor 6 Order: The Cordwainers’ 1805 Strike and 3 1806 Conspiracy Trial Window on the Collections BY Brian Greenberg BY Rachel Moloshok 32 Industrial Citizenship Teachers’ Page and Industrial Unionism BY Karalyn McGrorty Derstine 12 in Pennsylvania Steel, 1910–42 34 BY Perry K. Blatz Teachers’ Turn BY Karalyn McGrorty Derstine 36 Legacies for Kids: Book Reviews BY Sarah Stippich 38 Book and Website Reviews BY Rachel Moloshok 40 Food for Thought BY Dorothy Sue Cobble AND Michael Merrill ON THE COVER Organizing Ladies’ Garment Workers Virginia Matthews, secretary of the 18 in Northeastern Philadelphia branch of the United Pennsylvania: Textile Workers, 1934. Philadelphia Record Photograph Collection. Min Matheson and the ILGWU Unless otherwise noted, all images in BY Robert P. Wolensky Pennsylvania Legacies are from the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. © The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 2014. All rights reserved. AFSCME and ISSN 1544-6360 (print); ISSN 2169-687X (online) the Campaign for 26 Commonwealth Workers in Pennsylvania BY Francis Ryan NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Socialist-led American Federation of Hosiery Organizing for Workers’ Rights Workers and the labor-based feminism of Kensington’s female hosiery workers in the 1920s; the story of the Industrial Workers ennsylvania, home of the Pennsylvania’s mining and manufacturing of the World (Wobblies) on Philadelphia’s “Steel City,” the “Workshop industries began their long, steady decline. In waterfront, who, as documented in the of the World,” and countless more recent times, workers in nonindustrial Tides of Freedom: African Presence on the smaller communities that workplaces, including teachers, other public Delaware River exhibit now at Philadelphia’s were built around the sector workers, and even service sector Independence Seaport Museum, were able commonwealth’s extractive employees, have turned to new unions and to overcome racial divisions in the early 20th Pand manufacturing industries, has played forms of organization to protect their jobs, century to promote their common interests; a leading role not only in the growth of their wages, and their welfare. and many, many others. these industries but also in the history of Of course the story of labor organization is What readers will find is a sampling labor and of union organizing. Students of not one only of David versus Goliath, of the that attempts to give a taste of this rich Pennsylvania history are familiar with the lowly worker against the giant corporation history. They will learn about artisan violent clashes that took place in Pittsburgh or greedy industrialist. It is also a story shoemakers in the early republic whose and Reading during the Great of ethnic and racial conflict attempt to band together to demand Railroad Strike of 1877, the and gender discrimination, better wages led instead to a court decision battle between steel workers of politics and economics, that declared unions illegal conspiracies and Pinkerton agents during and of both resistance to and and about immigrant steelworkers in the Homestead Strike of 1892, accommodation of change. western Pennsylvania who struggled for, the intervention of the federal Ethnic divisions between and eventually achieved, some measure of government in the Anthracite workers in the mining towns industrial democracy. They will meet Min Coal Strike of 1902 in northeast and steel mills weakened Matheson and hear about the difficulties Pennsylvania, and the massive, worker cohesion, while of organizing the garment industry shops but failed Great Steel Strike of management used (and often in the depressed coal towns of north- 1919, in which one-fifth of the fueled) racial hatreds by central Pennsylvania, and they will be nation’s industrial workforce hiring black workers to break reminded of the important role that went on strike. strikes. Women were not welcome in many unions still play for millions of workers Long before the state became an industrial workplaces or in most unions in the early in more recent public sector unions. They powerhouse, however, Pennsylvania workers years. As a response, they organized unions will also learn about an organization of formed associations to protect their mutual of their own. Even so, they faced special Philadelphia printers, the International interests. As early as 1724, Philadelphia hurdles in dealing with male bosses and Typographical Union of Philadelphia, carpenters formed the Carpenters’ Company owners. Far from being above politics, now part of the Printing, Publishing
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