DOCSLIB.ORG

A HOARD of ANTONINIANI from QULA* a Hoard of Silver Billon Was

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A HOARD of ANTONINIANI from QULA* a Hoard of Silver Billon Was ‘Atiqot 84, 2016 A HOARD OF ANTONINIANI FROM QULA* ROBERT KOOL A hoard of silver billon was discovered in 1996 dispersed on both sides of a wall (W2522) that during a salvage excavation at the site of the bisected the room, presumably built long after situated the hoard was deposited. The cache came from ,(قولة) former Arab village of Quleh along the boundary between the coastal plain a mixed fill containing a small quantity of Late and the Judean foothills, about 5 km northeast Roman Ware and Cypriot Red Slip Ware that of the city of Lod (map ref. 19658–61/66030– date to the fifth–sixth centuries CE. No remains 60).1 The hoard dates to the second half of of a receptacle were found (Miriam Avissar and the third century CE and consists of 2109 Ianir Milevski, pers. comm.). antoniniani (Fig. 1), radiate-busted coins The coins were retrieved over a two-month containing less than 50% silver that were issued period: The first group, comprising 51 coins, by the Roman emperors in the third century CE was unearthed first; the bulk of the hoard, 2014 (the coin catalogue is appended to the online coins, was uncovered about a month and a half version of the article). later; and the final 44 coins were found the next The hoard was found in a room (Area E, day. One intrusive find, a fourteenth-century L25139; Fig. 2) in the northern part of a Mamlūk fals, was found with the hoard. structure identified as a farmhouse and dated to the Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad periods (third–eighth centuries CE). The coins lay * In memory of Miriam Avissar. Fig. 1. Coins from the hoard. 70 ROBERT KOOL Fig. 2. Room 25139, where the hoard was discovered (marked by an arrow). DATE OF DEPOSIT of Diocletian’s reform (293/4–296 CE) were introduced, for it contained none of the new The exact reasons for the concealment of the coin types. This seems to have taken place not hoard remain a matter for conjecture. However, long after the construction of the building. This two aspects of the hoard’s archaeological assumption is borne out by the in situ coins context suggest that the coins were forgotten and pottery found in the same archaeological by the time that Room 25139 was altered, context as that of the hoard. These coins sometime after the sixth century CE (Miriam include a silver tetradrachm of Philip I, dated Avissar and Ianir Milevski, pers. comm,). The 248/9 CE, found in an adjoining locus to the first aspect is that the mixed fill in which the south (L25140) and three antoniniani found in coins were found contained fifth–sixth century the southern corner (L25072) of the room in CE ceramics and seems to have been formed which the hoard was discovered. The date of when the inner wall was added. The second the tetradrachm is congruent with that of the aspect is that although most large hoards of earliest coin in the hoard, an antoninianus of similar weight (7.73 kg) were found buried in Philip I, dated 247 CE. Although this particular receptacles,2 no remains of a receptacle were tetradrachm did not belong to the hoard, found for this hoard. It thus seems probable similar heavy silver coins are often found in that the pot or cloth containing the hoard contemporary hoards alongside antoniniani disintegrated before or during the repair of the (Table 1). The three antoniniani were found room in the sixth century CE. This explains together, directly above the bedrock and a floor. why the coins were found dispersed below the The latest of these three coins dates to 293 CE, level of the later wall, on both its sides. during Diocletian’s reign, as does the latest When was the hoard deposited? The hoard’s coin in the hoard (295/6 CE). The pottery found composition suggests that it was deposited in in an adjoining foundation trench (L25259) of the early 290s CE, before the new currencies one of the walls of the structure is dated to A HOARD OF ANTONINIANI FROM QULA 71 Table 1. Antoniniani Hoards from the Roman East Hoards Archaeological Context Antoniniani and Earliest Latest Other Coins (N) Date (CE) Date (CE) Dura Europos No. 1 Excavation: in jar under embankment, 281 and 507 211 256 (Bellinger 1949:165–166) beside gate tetradrachms Dura-Europos No. 10 Excavation: under embankment, 150 and 393 238 256 (Bellinger 1949:175–177) beside main gate tetradrachms Dura-Europos No. 17 Excavation: ‘Pocket money’ in burial 45 251 260 (Bellinger 1949:181) of a soldier killed in the last defense of the town Dura-Europos “Corpses” Excavation: ‘Pocket money’ beside 82 251 260 (Bellinger 1949:187) burial remains of soldiers killed in the defense of the town and abandoned in a mine near defense tower Kafr Nebudi, near Hama Stray find: in the village of Kafr 600 244–249 260 (ancient Epiphania Nebudi (Carson 1967–1968) Susita 1951 (Unpublished) Excavation 7 260/261 261 Tel Batnân Stray find c. 3000 251 268 (Cumont 1917:21–22) Capernaum Excavation: in jar under a millstone, 1545 and 270 215 269 (Spijkerman 1958–1959) adhering together; west of an area of tetradrachms shops and agricultural installations, adjacent to the synagogue’s western wall Sebastia (Kadman 1967) Stray find 50 253 270 Bet She’an (Bland 1981) Stray find: purchased in Bet She‘an, 22 253 270 1871 Jenin (CH 5:1979) Stray find 219 253 270s Jerusalem, Mount of Olives Stray find: purchased in Jerusalem, 14 260 Early (Sweeney and Visona 1991) 1886–1891 270s Hama (ancient Epiphania) Stray find: in the vicinity ofH ama 312 271 272 (Seyrig 1966) Horbat Qastra 1996 Excavation: a funerary hoard 19 253 272 (Ancient Castra) (H. Sokolov, pers. comm.i) Syria 3 (Bastien and Stray find 370 254 283 Huvelin 1969) Nahr Ibrahim, near Jebail Stray find: in the village of Nahr 5200 266/7 284 (ancient Byblos; Pink Ibrahim 1963b) Syria A Stray find: purchased; source 136 268/9 284 (Brenot and Pflaum 1965) unknown Syria B Stray find: in the area of Antioch. The 701(?) 263 285/6 (Brenot and Pflaum 1965) hoard showed little sign of circulation Jafiya, Galilee (de Saulcy Stray find: small pot hoard 159 211 286–292 1868–1870; Kadman 1967) Orient (de Roquefeuil 1970) Stray find 480 256 285/93 Tiberias (Hamburger 1964) Excavation: in a room in a bath 99 268 293 complex dated to 3rd c. Syria 4 (Pflaum 1980) Stray find 61 251 293 i See n. 20. 72 ROBERT KOOL the third–fourth centuries CE. It can thus be Most (90%) of the 21 registered and published concluded that the building, and probably the hoards from this region have up to 800 coins. whole farmstead, was first built in the second In fact, two-thirds of these hoards contain 350 half of the third century CE. coins or less, which may indicate a proclivity for smaller hoards of antoniniani in the Roman East. Only two hoards that compare in size with COMPOSITION the Qula hoard have been found in the East: The Qula hoard consists exclusively of radiate the Capernaum hoard, discovered sometime antoniniani and aurelianiani,3 almost all of them between 1905 and 1921 on the northern shore minted in the Roman East. A comparison with of the Sea of Galilee (Spijkerman 1958–1959), similar hoards from Roman Syria, including which comprises 1545 antoniniani mixed with those deposited after Diocletian’s reform 393 tetradrachms; and the Nahr Ibrahim hoard, (293/4–296 CE), indicates that the presence or found in 1938 near Byblos, Lebanon, which absence of denominations other than antoniniani consists of 5200 antoniniani (Pink 1963a:16– (i.e., tetradrachms, denarii, folles) is not related 18). Similarly, hoards found in neighboring to the hoard’s size, but rather to its burial date Asia Minor usually contain no more than 800 (see Table 1). Mixed hoards of antoniniani and coins (i.e., Troy [Bellinger 1961:201–211], silver tetradrachms are characteristic of earlier Smyrna [Eddy 1967], Ankara [Kienast 1962], hoards, deposited up to the 260s CE in the East.4 Western Turkey A and B [Elks 1975] and Thereafter, from Claudius Gothicus’s reign Ephesus [Voetter 1913]). Two exceptions (268–270 CE) onward, tetradrachms or other are the Antioch-in-Pisidia hoard, with 1655 denominations are practically nonexistent in antoniniani (Cesano 1921), and the Canakkale both small and large hoards of antoniniani, with hoard, which contained 3029 antoniniani the exception of the Jafiya pot hoard from the (Pflaum and Bastien 1969). Only one very Galilee (de Saulcy 1868). Also noteworthy is the large deposit has been reported from the East: complete absence of Diocletian’s post-reform a hoard of 16,000 antoniniani, which was currencies, both from the Qula hoard and from allegedly found in the early 1960s in the area of other contemporary hoards deposited in the East el-‘Arish, on the ancient Via Maris in northern during the 290s. Sinai. Unfortunately, it was dispersed before it The same phenomenon is seen in hoards from was studied (King and Spaer 1977:66). Western Europe that were deposited during the In the Roman West, in contrast, very large same period (Besley and Bland 1983:15). As hoards of antoniniani are more common. In Table 1 illustrates, during Diocletian’s large-scale Britain, the Cunetio hoard, deposited in the reform (293/4–296 CE), the nummus, a silver- 270s CE, contained 54,951 coins, virtually all wash bronze coin and a radiate-copper fraction, antoniniani (Besley and Bland 1983), while the completely replaced the radiate antoniniani.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
    27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g
    [Show full text]
  • RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
    ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S.
    [Show full text]
  • Hadrian and the Greek East
    HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 27 Sasanian Empire
    4/12/2012 Lecture 27 Sasanian Empire HIST 213 Spring 2012 Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE) Successors of the Achaemenids 224 CE Ardashir I • a descendant of Sasan – gave his name to the new Sasanian dynasty, • defeated the Parthians • The Sasanians saw themselves as the successors of the Achaemenid Persians. 1 4/12/2012 Shapur I (r. 241–72 CE) • One of the most energetic and able Sasanian rulers • the central government was strengthened • the coinage was reformed • Zoroastrianism was made the state religion • The expansion of Sasanian power in the west brought conflict with Rome Shapur I the Conqueror • conquers Bactria and Kushan in east • led several campaigns against Rome in west Penetrating deep into Eastern-Roman territory • conquered Antiochia (253 or 256) Defeated the Roman emperors: • Gordian III (238–244) • Philip the Arab (244–249) • Valerian (253–260) – 259 Valerian taken into captivity after the Battle of Edessa – disgrace for the Romans • Shapur I celebrated his victory by carving the impressive rock reliefs in Naqsh-e Rostam. Rome defeated in battle Relief of Shapur I at Naqsh-e Rostam, showing the two defeated Roman Emperors, Valerian and Philip the Arab 2 4/12/2012 Terry Jones, Barbarians (BBC 2006) clip 1=9:00 to end clip 2 start - … • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_WqUbp RChU&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&featu re=endscreen&v=QxS6V3lc6vM Shapur I Religiously Tolerant Intensive development plans • founded many cities, some settled in part by Roman emigrants. – included Christians who could exercise their faith freely under Sasanian rule • Shapur I particularly favored Manichaeism – He protected Mani and sent many Manichaean missionaries abroad • Shapur I befriends Babylonian rabbi Shmuel – This friendship was advantageous for the Jewish community and gave them a respite from the oppressive laws enacted against them.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION It may be worth explaining why this collection has concentrated on a series of coins which has been, at least until quite re- cently, deeply unfashionable. It would be difficult to argue for the artistic merits of mid third-century coins, and the technical skills apparent in both die-engraving and striking are frequently low. The formation of this collection has passed through a number of successive phases, in fact, with different motivations in each case. When I first started to collect Roman coins, as a university student in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the main attraction of coins of emperors such as Gallienus and Claudius II was that many of them could be obtained without large financial outlay. Common types could be purchased for just a pound or two each. Once in paid employment I was able to expand the range of my collecting to some extent, but I very soon discovered that many of my colleagues in the archaeology and museum profes- sions were deeply opposed to the idea of those employed in this type of work forming private collections at all – an attitude which unfortunately still persists in some quarters today. I disagree with this fundamentally, as I believe that those who are fortunate enough to be able to accumulate numismatic knowledge in the course of their employment are best placed to carry out research on, and publish discussion of, interesting items which appear on the open market. I do, however, accept that it is at the very least unwise to collect in the same field as an institution where one is employed, as aspersions can be cast, however unjustly, and these may harm one’s reputation.
    [Show full text]
  • Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Coin quality, coin quantity, and coin value in early China and the Roman world Version 2.0 September 2010 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: In ancient China, early bronze ‘tool money’ came to be replaced by round bronze coins that were supplemented by uncoined gold and silver bullion, whereas in the Greco-Roman world, precious-metal coins dominated from the beginnings of coinage. Chinese currency is often interpreted in ‘nominalist’ terms, and although a ‘metallist’ perspective used be common among students of Greco-Roman coinage, putatively fiduciary elements of the Roman currency system are now receiving growing attention. I argue that both the intrinsic properties of coins and the volume of the money supply were the principal determinants of coin value and that fiduciary aspects must not be overrated. These principles apply regardless of whether precious-metal or base-metal currencies were dominant. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] How was the valuation of ancient coins related to their quality and quantity? How did ancient economies respond to coin debasement and to sharp increases in the money supply relative to the number of goods and transactions? I argue that the same answer – that the result was a devaluation of the coinage in real terms, most commonly leading to price increases – applies to two ostensibly quite different monetary systems, those of early China and the Roman Empire. Coinage in Western and Eastern Eurasia In which ways did these systems differ? 1 In Western Eurasia coinage arose in the form of oblong and later round coins in the Greco-Lydian Aegean, made of electron and then mostly silver, perhaps as early as the late seventh century BCE.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gallic Empire (260-274): Rome Breaks Apart
    The Gallic Empire (260-274): Rome Breaks Apart Six Silver Coins Collection An empire fractures Roman chariots All coins in each set are protected in an archival capsule and beautifully displayed in a mahogany-like box. The box set is accompanied with a story card, certificate of authenticity, and a black gift box. By the middle of the third century, the Roman Empire began to show signs of collapse. A parade of emperors took the throne, mostly from the ranks of the military. Years of civil war and open revolt led to an erosion of territory. In the year 260, in a battle on the Eastern front, the emperor Valerian was taken prisoner by the hated Persians. He died in captivity, and his corpse was stuffed and hung on the wall of the palace of the Persian king. Valerian’s capture threw the already-fractured empire into complete disarray. His son and co-emperor, Gallienus, was unable to quell the unrest. Charismatic generals sought to consolidate their own power, but none was as powerful, or as ambitious, as Postumus. Born in an outpost of the Empire, of common stock, Postumus rose swiftly through the ranks, eventually commanding Roman forces “among the Celts”—a territory that included modern-day France, Belgium, Holland, and England. In the aftermath of Valerian’s abduction in 260, his soldiers proclaimed Postumus emperor. Thus was born the so-called Gallic Empire. After nine years of relative peace and prosperity, Postumus was murdered by his own troops, and the Gallic Empire, which had depended on the force of his personality, began to crumble.
    [Show full text]
  • Verzeichnis Familiärerverbindungen Senatorischer Amtsträger
    anhang 5 Verzeichnis familiärer Verbindungen senatorischer Amtsträger Folgende Mitglieder der im 3. Jh. fassbaren und politisch aktiven gentes aus dem Sena- torenstand hatten im Laufe des Untersuchungszeitraums Ämter im Staatsdienst inne; aufgelistet wurden dabei jene Familien, bei denen mindestens zwei Angehörige als Funktionsträger im Staatsdienst bezeugt sind: – Acilii: M.’ Acilius Aviola (Nr. 1) – Acilius Clarus (Nr. 2) – M(’?). Acilius Glabrio (Nr. 3). – Attii: (P.?) Attius Rufinus (Nr. 40) – (P.?) Attius Ulpius Apuleius Clementinus Rufi- nus (Metillianus?) (Nr. 41). – Caelii: D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (Nr. 60) – Caelius Severus signo Thoracius (Nr. 63). – Caesonii: C. Caesonius Macer Rufinianus (PIR2 C 210) – L. Caesonius Lucillus Macer Rufinianus (Nr. 64) – L. Caesonius Ovinius Manlius Rufinianus Bassus (Nr. 65). – Catii: L. Catius Celer (Nr. 70) – Sex. Catius Clementinus Priscillianus (Nr. 71) – Catius Clemens. – Ceionii: Ceionius Rufius Volusianus (Nr. 72) – Ceionius Varus (Nr. 73) – C. Ceionius Rufius Albinus (PLRE I, 37, Albinus 14). – Cervonii: C. Cervonius Papus (Nr. 74) – [---]s Cervonius (PIR2 C 683) – Cervonius (PLRE I, 199, Cervonius). – Claudii Acilii: Cl(audius) Acilius Cleobulus (Nr. 75) – [Cl.?] Acilius Cleobulus (Nr. 76). – Claudii: Claudius Illyrius (Nr. 84) – Claudius Leonticus signo Illyrius (Nr. 85) – Clau- dius Sollemnius Pacatianus (Nr. 91) – Ti. Claudius Marinus Pacatianus (Nr. 86). – Clodii Pupieni: M. Claudius Pupienus Maximus (Nr. 97) – T. Clodius Pupienus Pul- cher Maximus (Nr. 98) – M. (Clodius) Pupienus Africanus Maximus (Nr. 241). – Cocceii: M. Cocceius Anicius Faustus Flavianus (Nr. 100) – Sex. Cocceius Anicius Faustus Paulinus (Nr. 101). – Cosinii: P. Cosinius Felix (Nr. 104) – Cosinius Marcianus (Nr. 105). – Egantii: (Q.?) Egnatius Dexter (Maximus?) (Nr. 111) – Egnatius Lucilianus (Nr. 112) – Egnatius Lucillus (Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Historical References on Coins of the Roman
    Register Free To Download Files | File Name : Historical References On Coins Of The Roman Empire From Augustus To Gallienus PDF HISTORICAL REFERENCES ON COINS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM AUGUSTUS TO GALLIENUS Tapa blanda 6 febrero 2020 Author : Historical references on coins of the Roman Empire from Augustus to Gallienus Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Share to Twitter. ... Historical references on coins of the Roman Empire from Augustus to Gallienus by Sydenham, Edward Allen, 1873- 1948. Publication date 1917 Topics Coins, Roman Publisher Historical references on coins of the Roman Empire from Augustus to Gallienus by A. Sydenham, Edward The importance of the scientific study of ancient coins relative to that of history has long been recognised. In their historical aspect the coins of the Roman Empire present three phases of interest: 1.) As contemporary monuments the coins supply corroborative evidence of facts which are recorded by historians. 2.) In a number of instances the coins fill up gaps in the narrative and supply ... Historical references on coins of the Roman Empire from Augustus to Gallienus by Edward Allen Sydenham, 1968, Spink, Pegasus edition, in English - [1st ed. reprinted]. CONTENTS. Introduction. TheImperialCoinage. TheGrowthandDeclineofArt. TheBeginningoftheEmpire. B.C. 29 TheTriumphofOctavian. 28.OctavianandAgrippa. 27.Augustus . 27-24 ... Historical References on Coins of the Roman Empire: From Augustus to Gallienus (Classic Reprint) by Sydenham, Edward Allen Excerpt from Historical References on Coins of the Roman Empire: From Augustus to Gallienus The purpose of the following notes is obviously not new. But the writer ventures to state his experience as a collector and student of Roman coins to the effect that the interest which he derived from amassing varieties of types was as nothing compared with the reve lation of new interest which resulted ..
    [Show full text]
  • Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
    HISTOIRE DES COLLECTIONS NUMISMATIQUES ET DES INSTITUTIONS VOUÉES À LA NUMISMATIQUE Numismatic Collections in Scotland Scotland is fortunate in possessing two major cabinets of international signifi- cance. In addition over 120 other institutions, from large civic museums to smaller provincial ones, hold collections of coins and medals of varying size and impor- tance. 1 The two main collections, the Hunterian held at the University of Glasgow, and the national collection, housed at the National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh, nicely complement each other. The former, based on the renowned late 18th centu- ry cabinet of Dr. William Hunter, contains an outstanding collection of Greek and Roman coins as well as important groups of Anglo-Saxon, medieval and later English, and Scottish issues along with a superb holding of medals. The National Museums of Scotland house the largest and most comprehensive group of Scottish coins and medals extant. Each collection now numbers approximately 70,000 speci- mens. The public numismatic collections from the rest of Scotland, though perhaps not so well known, are now recorded to some extent due to a National Audit of the coun- try’s cultural heritage held by museums and galleries carried out by the Scottish Museums Council in 2001 on behalf of the Scottish Government. 2 Coins and Medals was one of 20 collections types included in the questionnaire, asking for location, size and breakdown into badges, banknotes, coins, medals, tokens, and other. Over 12 million objects made up what was termed the Distributed National Collection, of which 3.3% consisted of approximately 68,000 coins and medals in the National Museums concentrated in Edinburgh and 345,000 in the non-nationals throughout the rest of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Coin Hoards from the British Isles 2015
    COIN HOARDS FROM THE BRITISH ISLES 2015 EDITED BY RICHARD ABDY, MARTIN ALLEN AND JOHN NAYLOR BETWEEN 1975 and 1985 the Royal Numismatic Society published summaries of coin hoards from the British Isles and elsewhere in its serial publication Coin Hoards, and in 1994 this was revived as a separate section in the Numismatic Chronicle. In recent years the listing of finds from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in Coin Hoards was principally derived from reports originally prepared for publication in the Treasure Annual Report, but the last hoards published in this form were those reported under the 1996 Treasure Act in 2008. In 2012 it was decided to publish summaries of hoards from England, Wales, Scotland, the Isle of Man, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and the Channel Islands in the British Numismatic Journal on an annual basis. The hoards are listed in two sections, with the first section consisting of summaries of Roman hoards, and the second section providing more concise summaries of medieval and post-medieval hoards. In both sections the summaries include the place of finding, the date(s) of discovery, the suggested date(s) of deposition, and the number allocated to the hoard when it was reported under the terms of the Treasure Act (in England and Wales) or the laws of Treasure Trove (in Scotland). For reasons of space names of finders are omitted from the sum- mary of medieval and post-medieval hoards. Reports on most of the English and Welsh hoards listed are available online from the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) website: select the ‘Search our database’ bar under finds.org.uk/database, and type in the treasure case number without spaces (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Eleventh Session, Commencing at 9.30 Am
    Eleventh Session, Commencing at 9.30 am 2632* ANCIENT GOLD COINS Lesbos, Mytilene, electrum Hekte (2.56 g), c.450 B.C., obv. diademed head of a Satyr to right, with full beard and goat's ear, rev. Heads of two confronted rams, butting their heads together, above a palmette all within incuse square, (S.4244, GREEK BMC 40. Bodenstedt 37, SNG Fitz.4340). Fine/very good, scarce. $300 2630* 2633* Macedon, Kingdom of Philip II, (359-336 B.C.), gold stater, Ionia, Phokaia, (c.477-388 B.C.), electrum hekte or sixth (8.64 g), Pella mint, struck under Antipater, Polyperchon stater, (2.54 g), issued in 396 B.C. [Bodenstedt dating], or Kassander (for Philip III and Alexander IV), c.323-315 obv. female head to left, with hair in bun behind, wearing a B.C., obv. head of Apollo to right with laureate wreath, rev. diadem, rev. quadripartite incuse punch, (S.4530, Bodenstedt galloping biga to right, driven by charioteer holding kentron 90 (obv. h, rev. φ, SNG Fitz. 4563 [same dies], cf.SNG von in right hand, reins in left hand, bee above A below horses, in Aulock 2127). Very fi ne with off centred obverse, rare. exergue ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ, (cf.S.6663, cf.Le Rider 594-598, Group $400 III B (cf.Pl.72), cf.SNG ANS 255). Traces of mint bloom, of Ex Geoff St. Clair Collection. fi ne style, has been mounted and smoothed, otherwise good very fi ne and very scarce. The type is known from 7 obverse and 6 reverse dies and only 35 examples of type known to Bodenstedt.
    [Show full text]