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China and Hungary: 70 Years of Bilateral Relations in a Changing World

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China and Hungary: 70 Years of Bilateral Relations in a Changing World CHINA AND HUNGARY: 70 YEARS OF BILATERAL RELATIONS IN A CHANGING WORLD Chief Editors: Chen Xin and Ugrósdy Márton CHINACEE INSTITUTE:CHINA AND HUNGARY: 70 YEARS OF BILATERAL RELATIONS IN A CHANGING WORLD RELATIONS YEARS OF BILATERAL 70 INSTITUTE:CHINA AND HUNGARY: CHINACEE Chen Xin and Ugrósdy Márton ISBN 9786156124012 China and Hungary: 70 Years of Bilateral Relations in a Changing World Chief Editors: CHEN Xin, UGRÓSDY Márton CHINA-CEE INSTITUTE Budapest, December 2019 PART II People and Society ............................................................................... 190 Phases in the Hungarian China Studies between 1949–2018 ............................. 191 The Dissemination of Chinese Literary Works in Hungary after the Establishment of the Sino-Hungarian Diplomatic Relations ....................................................... 212 Sino-Hungarian cooperation in higher education and research: a 70-year overview in light of bilateral diplomatic dynamics ............................................................. 230 The Development of Confucius Institutes in Higher Education Exchange and Cooperation between China and Hungary .......................................................... 252 Thoughts on the Origin and Migration of Hungarians in Chinese Academic Community .......................................................................................................... 271 Future Visions: Narratives of Chinese Children and Adults Living in Hungary .... 292 Beijing–Budapest, Budapest– Beijing: How do we see each other in 2019? ...... 325 3 Preface 1 2019 is the 70 years anniversary of the funding of the People Republic of China (PRC), as well as the 70 years anniversary of the bilateral relations between China and Hungary. The two countries, hand in hand, had gone through a colorful path in the past 70 years. Seventy years bilateral relations is a path for exploration. In the 1950s, the Hungarian made Csepel trucks had the experimental test at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, examining the capacity of the truck in the high altitude environment. This is a very good example of the bilateral cooperation in fields of technology and machinery. In the 1980s, China had learned the reform experiences from Hungary, and made exchanges and exploration with Hungary on the economic reform, seeking the path for development, which is a very good example of the cooperation in the fields of economic development. Stepping into the 21st century, Hungary became the first European country which had signed the MOU on the cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative. Two countries is exploring the new path for constructing the Community for Human Destiny based on mutual benefits and win-win cooperation. Seventy years bilateral relations is a path of friendship. When the New China (PRC) had been established, their are two words which can describe the situation, one is poor, the other is empty. After more than a 100 years destruction of different kinds of wars and conflicts, China was so empty as a white paper. Hungary had contributed to the economic recovery and development in the early days of PRC. The Chinese people remembers any kind of help very deep in mind. After the big earth quake in 2008 in Wenchuan China, the Hungarian 4 government had invited 50 Chinese students from the earth quake disaster areas to Hungary in summer for the rehabilitation, which is a very good example of the friendship presented by the Hungarian government and Hungarian people. In recent years, the people to people exchanges are going deeper. Chinese-Hungarian bilingual school had been established in Hungary, students can learn Chinese from primary school to gymnasium. In addition, 5 Confucius institute had been opened in Hungary teaching Chinese. More and more Hungarians are learning Chinese. At the same time, by the time to time, new Hungarian language course had been opened in the Chinese universities. As I remember, when I had started to learn Hungarian in 1984 when I registered into the Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU), we were the third Hungarian language class in the Chinese university in PRC. And now around 10 Chinese universities had launched Hungarian language program, covering Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Tianjin, Xi’an etc. Seventies years bilateral relations is going to the path of prosperity. 70 years ago the bilateral trade started from zero. The trade volume only reached 186 million USD in 1984, now it is 10.88 billion USD in 2018. In which, Chinese export takes 6.54 billion USD to Hungary, and import 4.34 billion USD from Hungary. China becomes the biggest trading partner of Hungary outside EU. At the same time, Chinese investment in Hungary is growing, and Hungary becomes one of the biggest destination for Chinese investors in Central and Eastern Europe. The present book is a common output of the cooperation between the China-CEE Institute and the Hungarian Institute of Foreign Affairs and Trade (IFAT). Promoted by the Institute of European Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) and the Hungarian Embassy in Beijing, the two Think-Tanks in Budapest had jointly 5 announced a Call for Paper program in Spring 2019 on the 70 years bilateral relations between China and Hungary, which had attracted tremendous attention from the academia as well as think tanks in the two countries. Based on the selections of the papers, we had held a conference in Budapest on 23 September 2019. The present book is the final output of the conference. Here I would like to deliver my sincere gratitude to the Hungarian sides for their strong support for the project and the publication, especially my thanks go to Mr. Pesti Mate , the H.E. Ambassador of Hungary to Beijing, as well as to Mr. Márton Ugrósdy, the Director of the IFAT. Also special thanks go to Mr Duan Jielong, the H.E. ambassador of P.R.China to Hungary, as well as to the Chinese Embassy in Budapest, for their strong support to the China-CEE Institute. Beijing, November 2019 Dr. CHEN Xin Deputy Director General Institute of European Studies, CASS & Executive President and Managing Director China-CEE Institute 6 Preface 2 Dear Reader, It is our great pleasure to present the volume showcasing the last 70 years of Hungarian-Chinese relations, in which leaders of the Hungarian and Chinese scientific sphere share their thoughts on our countries’ shared past and present. While preparing the book, we endeavoured to present as wide and comprehensive a picture as possible of not only those areas that have become part of the information hubbub surrounding us through the daily press releases and radio and TV programs, such as politics, the economy, and data on foreign trade, but also of those dimensions which may be less spectacular, but which really make the relationship between the Hungarian and the Chinese nations alive and tangible. Naturally our enterprise cannot present the entire spectrum of Hungarian-Chinese relationships, but we hope that the chapters showcasing the relationships between people will constitute such added value in the understanding of the bilateral relationship that has not been possible before in terms of time, space, and opportunity. The two studies focusing on the Chinese diaspora living in Hungary, or the analyses on the cooperation in higher education shed light on areas of our relations that often go unnoticed due to a lack of time beside the spectacular, high-level political news and communications. Still, these are the relationships that make the daily relations between the two countries really alive. 7 Of course, we are grateful to all our partners who have supported the publication of the volume in some form. First and foremost to the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Embassy of Hungary in Beijing, who have magnanimously supported the creation of the volume not only financially but also through their expertise and network of connections. We thank the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and especially Chen Xin and the China-CEE Institute for the intensive cooperations of the past year which have made the publication of the volume possible. Last but not least, we thank the authors, who have contributed to the publication of this book through their insights and work. We were also surprised by the interest shown by the Hungarian research community following our first announcement, and this is also the reason why we had a wide selection of excellent studies from which to choose the ones our Readers are now holding in their hand. We hope that we will be able to take similar stock of the present and the future of Hungarian-Chinese relations when the next anniversaries come along. November 2019, Budapest. Márton Ugrósdy Director Institute of International Affairs and Trade (IFAT) 8 Preface 3 Traditional Relationship, Model of Cooperation Year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of People’s Republic of China as well as the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Hungary. Hungary was one of the very first countries which established the relation with China and firstly offered great help. In recent years, based on inheriting and developing the traditional friendship, guided by the spirit of mutual respect, sincerity and win-win cooperation, with "the belt and Road” initiative and the "17+1 cooperation" platform, Sino Hungarian relations have come to their best period. High-level exchanges and mutual trust in terms of politics have been greatly improved. In 2015, China and Hungary
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