DOCSLIB.ORG

Kenya's Tourism: Polishing the Jewel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kenya's Tourism: Polishing the Jewel Kenya’s Tourism: Public Disclosure Authorized Polishing the Jewel Public Disclosure Authorized Finance and Private Sector Development Africa Region Final Report Public Disclosure Authorized 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Group Africa Region Finance and Private Sector Development Abbreviations and Acronyms BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BOK Bomas of Kenya CAS Country Assistance Strategy CC Africa Conservation Corporation Africa CCK Communications Commission of Kenya CDA Coast Development Authority CLEF Community Leaders Education Fund CNN Cable News Network DFI Development Financial Institution DMO destination management organization DRDRS Department of Resources Surveys and Remote Sensing ECMA Environmental Management and Coordination Act EMG Emerging Markets Group ENWDA Ewaso Nyiro South Development Authority ESOK Eco-tourism Society of Kenya EU European Union FIAS Foreign Investment Advisory Service GDP gross domestic product GDS Global Development Solutions, LLC GIG Gambia Is Good GNI gross national income HIV/AIDS Human Immunity Virus/Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome IATA International Air Transport Association ICA Investment Climate Assessment ICCA International Congress and Convention Association ISP Internet service provider JRO Kilimanjaro Airport (Arusha) KAA Kenya Airport Authority KAHC Kenya Association of Hoteliers and Caterers KATA Kenya Association of Travel Agents KATO Kenya Association of Tour Operators KCAA Kenya Civil Aviation Authority KIA Kenya Investment Authority KICC Kenyatta International Convention Centre KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines KMA Kenya Maritime Authority KPA Kenya Port Authority KRA Kenya Hotels and Restaurants Authority KTB Kenya Tourism Board KTDC Kenya Tourism Development Corporation KTF Kenya Tourism Federation KUC Kenya Utalii College KWS Kenya Wildlife Service MCTA Mombasa Coastal Tourism Association MENR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions MMMA Maasai Mara Management Association MOF Ministry of Finance Kenya’s Tourism: Polishing the Gem 2 Abbreviations and Acronyms MOT Ministry of Tourism MSF Multi-Stakeholder Forum NEC National Environmental Council NEMA National Environment Management Authority NBO Jomo Kenyatta Airport (Nairobi) NGO nongovernmental organization NHIF National Health Insurance Fund NSSF National Social Security Fund NTIMS National Tourism Information Management System OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PERAK Pub, Entertainment and Restaurant Association of Kenya PSV public service vehicle RPED Regional Program on Enterprise SME small and medium enterprise TAP Tanzania Airfreight Project TLCT Tanzania Land Conservation Trust TPU Tourist Police Unit TSMPP Tourism Strategic Marketing and Promotion Programme UFTAA Universal Federation of Travel Agents‘ Association UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization VAT value-added tax VCA value chain analysis WTTC World Travel and Tourism Council Vice President: Obiageli K. Ezekwesili Country Director: Johannes Zutt Sector Manager: Gerardo Corrochano Task Team Leader: Hannah Messerli Kenya’s Tourism: Polishing the Gem 3 Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................ 11 I. KENYA’S TOURISM SECTOR A. Why Tourism in Kenya? ................................................................................................................. 13 1. The Importance and Approach of This Study ............................................................................ 13 B. The Tourism Sector ......................................................................................................................... 14 C. Kenya‘s Tourism Product Lines ...................................................................................................... 14 1. Safari tourism ............................................................................................................................. 14 2. Coastal tourism .......................................................................................................................... 14 3. Business and conference ............................................................................................................ 15 D. Demand for Kenya‘s Tourism Product ........................................................................................... 16 E. Economic Profile ............................................................................................................................. 16 1. Tourism‘s Contribution to GDP ................................................................................................. 17 2. Employment ............................................................................................................................... 19 3. Taxation ..................................................................................................................................... 19 F. The Tourism Value Chain ............................................................................................................... 20 1. Value Chain Analysis and Tourism ........................................................................................... 20 2. Value Chain Summary Findings and Implications .................................................................... 22 G. Institutional Framework and Resources .......................................................................................... 24 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 24 1. Public Sector .............................................................................................................................. 26 2. Private Sector ............................................................................................................................. 28 H. Enabling Environment .................................................................................................................... 33 1. Licensing and Regulatory Issues ................................................................................................ 33 2. Taxation ..................................................................................................................................... 36 3. Utilities and Infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 36 4. Telecommunications .................................................................................................................. 36 5. Roads.......................................................................................................................................... 36 6. Electricity ................................................................................................................................... 39 7. Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................. 39 II. ISSUES A. Economy-Wide Issues ..................................................................................................................... 41 1. Land ........................................................................................................................................... 41 2. Environmental Regulation ......................................................................................................... 44 3. Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 47 4. Disenabling business climate ..................................................................................................... 48 B. Industry Specific ............................................................................................................................. 49 1. Access to Natural Assets and Ensuring Sustainability ............................................................... 49 2. Product Competitiveness............................................................................................................ 50 3. Safety and security ..................................................................................................................... 52 4. Public Sector Capacity to Support Tourism ............................................................................... 52 5. Lack of Trained Workforce ........................................................................................................ 53 Kenya’s Tourism: Polishing the Gem 4 Table of Contents III. OPPORTUNITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Natural and Wildlife Assets ............................................................................................................ 55 B. Product Offering and Market Development .................................................................................... 56 C. Enabling Environment .................................................................................................................... 57 D. Institutional Framework .................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Water Infrastructure Audit of Kitui County
    Research Report Research Report Sustainable WASH Systems Learning Partnership A WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT OF KITUI COUNTY Cliff Nyaga, University of Oxford January 2019 PHOTO CREDIT:PHOTO CLIFF NYAGA/UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Prepared by: Cliff Nyaga, University of Oxford Reviewed by: Mike Thomas, Rural Focus; Eduardo Perez, Global Communities; Karl Linden, University of Colorado Boulder (UCB); and Pranav Chintalapati, UCB. Acknowledgements: The Kitui County Government would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Further, the Kitui County Government appreciates its longstanding partnership with the University of Oxford and UNICEF Kenya through various collaborating programs, including the DFID-funded REACH Program. The leadership received from Emmanuel Kisangau, Kennedy Mutati, Philip Nzula, Augustus Ndingo, and Hope Sila — all from the County Ministry for Water Agriculture and Livestock Development — throughout the audit exercise is appreciated. The sub-county water officers were instrumental in logistics planning and in providing liaison between the field audit teams, communities, and County Ministries for Agriculture, Water, and Livestock Development and Administration and Coordination. A team of local enumerators led field data collection: Lucy Mweti, Grace Muisyo, Abigael Kyenze, Patrick Mulwa, Lydia Mwikali, Muimi Kivoko, Philip Muthengi, Mary Sammy, Ruth Mwende, Peter Musili, Annah Kavata, James Kimanzi, Purity Maingi, Felix Muthui, and Assumpta Mwikali. The technical advice and guidance received from Professor Rob Hope of the University of Oxford and Dr. Andrew Trevett of UNICEF Kenya throughout the planning, data collection, analysis, and preparation of this report is very much appreciated. Front cover: This Katanu Hand pump was developed in the late 1990s by the Government of Kenya and is the main water source for Nzamba Village in Ikutha Ward, Kitui.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Tourism Action Plan
    BUSINESS TOURISM ACTION PLAN Vision To increase the value of England's business tourism market by 5% year on year by 2020. Objectives 1. To maximise England's strong and competitive brand values in marketing it as a business tourism destination. 2. To leverage England's expertise in medicine/science, academia and industry to gain competitive advantage. 3. To ensure all England's facilities, products and services continue to meet market needs to increase England’s competitive success. 4. To ensure the importance of business tourism maintains a high profile with public and private sector stakeholders. What is Business Tourism? Business tourism includes visitors participating in the following activities: Association/Charity/Institute/Society Events Governmental meetings & conferences Corporate Events – dinners, product launches, conferences, awards etc Incentive travel Corporate hospitality Exhibitions & trade shows Independent business travellers Why take action on Business Tourism? Conferences, meetings and other business events play a vital role in economic, professional and educational development in England by providing important opportunities to communicate, educate, motivate and network. England leads the world in specialist areas of innovation such as biotechnology, digital media, genetics and nano-technologies. It also plays a pivotal role in finance, insurance and business services as well as having globally admired expertise in creative industries. This specialist expertise enables England to develop conferences and meetings contributing £15 billion in economic impact in 2009, plus exhibitions and trade shows worth £7.4 billion and a further £1 billion each from incentive travel and corporate hospitality (Source:BVEP). Additionally, trade transacted at exhibitions and other business meetings is conservatively estimated to be worth over £80 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Wildlife in African Landscapes Kenya’S Ewaso Ecosystem
    Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to zoology • number 632 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press AConserving Chronology Wildlife of Middlein African Missouri Landscapes Plains Kenya’sVillage Ewaso SitesEcosystem Edited by NicholasBy Craig J. M. Georgiadis Johnson with contributions by Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geography of the Intra-National Digital Divide in a Developing Country: a Spatial
    The Geography of the Intra-National Digital Divide in a Developing Country: A Spatial Analysis of Regional-Level Data in Kenya A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Regional Development Planning in the School of Planning of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning By Kenneth Koech Cheruiyot M.A. (Planning) (Nairobi), M. Arch. in Human Settlements (KULeuven) December 2010 This work and its defense approved by: Committee Chair: Johanna W. Looye, Ph.D. ABSTRACT It is widely agreed that different technologies (e.g., the steam engine, electricity, and the telephone) have revolutionized the world in various ways. As such, both old and new information and communication technologies (ICTs) are instrumental in the way they act as pre- requisites for development. However, the existence of the digital divide, defined as unequal access to and use of ICTs among individuals, households, and businesses within and among regions, and countries, threatens equal world, national, and regional development. Given confirmed evidence that past unequal access to ICTs have accentuated national and regional income differences, the fear of further divergence is real in developing countries now that we live in a world characterized by economic globalization and accelerated international competition (i.e., New Economy). In Africa and Kenya, for instance, the presence of wide digital divides – regionally, between rural and urban areas, and within the urban areas – means that their threat is real. This research, which employed spatial analysis and used the district as a geographical unit of analysis, carried out a detailed study of ICTs’ development potential and challenges in Kenya.
    [Show full text]
  • Heartland News May - August 2009 © AWF
    African Heartland News May - August 2009 © AWF A NEWSLETTER FOR PARTNERS OF THE AFRICAN WILDLIFE FOUNDATION IN THIS ISSUE Opening of Conservation Science Centre in Lomako Yokokala Reserve, DRC TOP STORY: Lomako Conservation Science Centre In one of the earlier editions of this USAID’s Central Africa Program for the newsletter, we reported exciting news Environment (CARPE); the Ambassador about AWF's support to the Congolese of Canada; and partners from the Institute for Nature Conservation (ICCN) tourism industry. to establish the Lomako Yokokala Faunal Reserve in the Democratic Republic of The centre has been developed to support the Congo. This Page 1 reserve was created © AWF s p e c i f i c a l l y t o protect equatorial rainforests and the LAND: Sinohydro Court Case rare bonobo (Pan paniscus). T h e bonobo, or pygmy c h i m p a n z e e , i s one of the most threatened of the world’s five great a p e s . A f t e r i t s e s t a b l i s h m e n t , Page 4 AW F e m b a r k e d o n s u p p o r t i n g ICCN to create capacity, systems ENTERPRISE: and infrastructure Linking Livestock to Markets Projects Main building at Science Center f o r e f f e c t i v e management of the reserve. Already, a Park Manager the conservation science program which has been posted to the reserve and will revitalize applied bonobo research guards recruited and trained to patrol and forest monitoring in the reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation and Management Strategy for the Elephant in Kenya 2012-2021
    Conservation and Management Strategy for the Elephant in Kenya 2012-2021 Compiled by: Moses Litoroh, Patrick Omondi, Richard Kock and Rajan Amin Plate 4. Winds 2 Family crossing the Ewaso Ng’iro River, Samburu National Reserve - Lucy King, Save the Elephants ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, we thank the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) Director, Julius Kipng’etich and KWS Board of Trustees for approving this as a priority activity amongst the core business of KWS. Conservation and We also sincerely thank Keith Lindsay, Winnie Kiiru and Noah Sitati for preparing Management Strategy the background information and facilitating the eleven consultative for the Elephant stakeholder-workshops that were held across the country. This ensured the in Kenya views of as many stakeholders as possible were accommodated into this strategy document. Special thanks to all the stakeholders of the final strategy 2012-2021 development workshop, held at Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, which © Kenya Wildlife Service included representatives from United Republic of Tanzania; Uganda Government and the Government of Southern Sudan that finally formulated this National Elephant Management and Conservation Strategy. Our sincere gratitude also to the following individuals for reviewing the first draft : Munira Anyonge Bashir, Julian Blanc, Holly Dublin, Francis Gakuya, Ian Douglas-Hamilton, Ben Kavu, Juliet King, Lucy King, Margaret Kinnaird, Ben Okita, Lamin Seboko, Noah Sitati, Diane Skinner, Richard Vigne and David Western. Frontcover: We are greatly indebted to the following institutions for funding the formulation of this strategy : Born Free Foundation; CITES MIKE Programme; Darwin Initiative Plate 1. African Elephant. Samantha Roberts, Zoological / CETRAD; KWS; People’s Trust for Endangered Species; Tusk Trust; United States Society of London Fish and Wildlife Service; World Wildlife Fund (EARPO) and Zoological Society of London (ZSL).
    [Show full text]
  • MARA CHEETAH CUBS REPORT Cee4life
    MARA CHEETAH CUBS REPORT Risk of Local Extinction of Cheetah in the Mara Ecosystem, Animal Welfare Issue at Nairobi Orphanage and Alleged Illegal Cub Trade in Kenya A Report on the Mara Cheetah Cubs Removal, the Critical Status of Mara Cheetah and the Ethics of Captive Care Facilitated and par-cipated in by: cee4life MARA CHEETAH CUBS REPORT Risk of Local Extinction of Cheetah in the Mara Ecosystem, Animal Welfare Issue at Nairobi Orphanage and Alleged Illegal Cub Trade in Kenya Facilitated and par-cipated in by: cee4life.org Melbourne Victoria, Australia +61409522054 http://www.cee4life.org/ [email protected] 2 Contents Section 1 Introduction!!!!!!!! !!1.1 Location!!!!!!!!5 !!1.2 Methods!!!!!!!!5! Section 2 Cheetahs Status in Kenya!! ! ! ! ! !!2.1 Cheetah Status in Kenya!!!!!!5 !!2.2 Cheetah Status in the Masai Mara!!!!!6 !!2.3 Mara Cheetah Population Decline!!!!!7 Section 3 Mara Cub Rescue!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!3.1 Abandoned Cub Rescue!!!!!!9 !!3.2 The Mother Cheetah!!!!!!10 !!3.3 Initial Capture & Protocols!!!!!!11 !!3.4 Rehabilitation Program Design!!!!!11 !!3.5 Human Habituation Issue!!!!!!13 Section 4 Mara Cub Removal!!!!!!! !!4.1 The Relocation of the Cubs Animal Orphanage!!!15! !!4.2 The Consequence of the Mara Cub Removal!!!!16 !!4.3 The Truth Behind the Mara Cub Removal!!!!16 !!4.4 Past Captive Cheetah Advocations!!!!!18 Section 5 Cheetah Rehabilitation!!!!!!! !!5.1 Captive Wild Release of Cheetahs!!!!!19 !!5.2 Historical Cases of Cheetah Rehabilitation!!!!19 !!5.3 Cheetah Rehabilitation in Kenya!!!!!20 Section 6 KWS Justifications
    [Show full text]
  • KO RA N Ationalpark, Asako Village,Kenya
    A B K George Adamson loved Kora as one of the last true y O T s wildernesses in Kenya. Inaccessible, thorny and o boiling hot as it was, it was ideal refuge for him, n a R y his lions and his ideals although he was under F k enormous pressure from Somali tribesmen, their i A t stock and their guns. Ultimately he fell to their z o j guns, but that was something we were both o h N prepared to accept for the privilege of the way of n v life there and what we were able to achieve. a i George desperately wanted me to continue his l t l work there and to make sure that all our efforts George Adamson’s camp, rebuilt by GAWPT a i had not been in vain. It was out of the question at o the time as the politics then were in disarray and I g n had taken on The Mkomazi Project in Tanzania in e George’s name, which was and still is a difficult a and time-consuming task with never an end in , sight. l K P Times have changed. Domestic stock is still a e problem in Kora with on going pastoral incursions. a n But the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) are r y determined to rehabilitate Kora as part of the k Meru conservation area. They have a multi- a , disciplinary approach to the problem and we are George Adamson at Kora 1987 . confident that they will make it work. Poaching of – Photographers International the large mammals has abated almost completely.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Cover and Change for the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya Circa 2000 to Circa 2010
    Forest cover and change for the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Tanzania and Kenya circa 2000 to circa 2010 Final report Karyn Tabor, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Boniface Mbilinyi, and Timothy M. Wright Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Biodiversity Values of the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests ....................................... 2 1.2 The threats to the forests ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Trends in deforestation ................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 The importance of monitoring ...................................................................................................... 8 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 study area ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Mapping methodology ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Habitat change statistics ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Map validation
    [Show full text]
  • Ruma National Park Management Plan, 2012-2017
    Ruma National Park Management Plan, 2012-2017 The dramatic valley of the roan antelope, oribi and so much more..... Ruma National Park Management Plan, 2011-2016 Planning carried out by Ruma National Park Managers and KWS Biodiversity Planning and Environmental Compliance Department In accordance with the KWS Planning Standard Oper- ating Procedures Acknowledgements This General Management Plan has been developed by a Planning Team comprising Park Wardens, Area Scientists and KWS Headquarters Resource Planners. The Planning Team Name Designation Station/Organisation Apollo Kariuki Senior Resource Pla nner KWS Headquarters John Wambua Park Warden -Ruma NP Ruma National Park Fredrick Lala SRS -WCA Western Conserv ation Area Shadrack Ngene SRS -Elephant programme KWS Headquarters Timothy Ikime ARS -Kisumu Impala Kisumu Station Israel Makau RS -WCA Western Conservation Area Kanyi L. Rukaria ARS -Ruma NP Ruma National Park The planning team would like to thank the following staff from Western Conservation Area who contributed to the development of this plan by providing relevant planning information: Stephen Chonga, George Tokro, George Anyona, and Maurice Koduk. II Approval Page The management of the Kenya Wildlife Service has approved the implementation of this management plan for Ruma National Park III Executive Summary The Plan This 5-year (2012-2017) management plan for Ruma National Park has been developed in accordance with the standard operating procedure (SOP) for developing management plans for protected areas. The plan is one of four management planning initiatives piloting the revised standard operating procedure, the others being Kisumu Impala, Ndere and Hell’s gate National Parks. In line with this SOP, this plan aims to balance conservation and development in the target protected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Support for Rangeland‐Restoration Practices by Rural Somalis
    Animal Conservation. Print ISSN 1367-9430 Evaluating support for rangeland-restoration practices by rural Somalis: an unlikely win-win for local livelihoods and hirola antelope? A. H. Ali1,2,3 ,R.Amin4, J. S. Evans1,5, M. Fischer6, A. T. Ford7, A. Kibara3 & J. R. Goheen1 1 Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA 2 National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya 3 Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, Kenya 4 Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, London, UK 5 The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USA 6 Center for Conservation in the Horn of Africa, St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO, USA 7 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Keywords Abstract Beatragus hunteri; elephant; endangered species; habitat degradation; rangeland; In developing countries, governments often lack the authority and resources to restoration; tree encroachment; antelope. implement conservation outside of protected areas. In such situations, the integra- tion of conservation with local livelihoods is crucial to species recovery and rein- Correspondence troduction efforts. The hirola Beatragus hunteri is the world’s most endangered Abdullahi H. Ali, Department of Zoology and antelope, with a population of <500 individuals that is restricted to <5% of its his- Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, torical geographic range on the Kenya–Somali border. Long-term hirola declines WY, USA. have been attributed to a combination of disease and rangeland degradation. Tree Email: [email protected] encroachment—driven by some combination of extirpation of elephants, overgraz- ing by livestock, and perhaps fire suppression—is at least partly responsible for Editor: Darren Evans habitat loss and the decline of contemporary populations.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Ecotourists: Market Profile and Trip Characteristics
    North American Ecotourists: Market Profile and Trip Characteristics By Pamela A. White* To obtain copies of this article see ** This article is the first in a two-part series that presents the results of comprehensive, practical, primary research on ecotourism markets. The assessment provides information on markets, trip characteristics, motivation, product preferences, and overall demand. This part focuses on market and trip characteristics, including party size, spending, preferred season, and trip length. Until recently, there has been little or no information on ecotourism market demand. The available information has related to travelers (often from one country of origin) visiting specific destinations (Boo 1990; Fennell 1990; Fennel and Smale 1992; Eagles 1992; Ballantine and Eagles 1994; Eagles and Cascagnette 1995) or has come from surveys of the travel trade (Yee 1992; Ingram and Durst 1989; HLA Consultants 1994). Cook, Stewart, and Repass (1992) presented the first survey of past and present ecotourism travelers, in place of origin. Recently, Alberta Economic Development and Tourism, together with the government of British Columbia and two Canadian federal departments, commissioned a major comprehensive ecotourism market demand assessment (HLA Consultants and ARA Consulting Group 1994). The challenge to the consultants was to assess demand for ecotourism, with particular focus on current and potential markets, in Alberta and British Columbia. Figure 1 encapsulates the challenge presented to the consultants. This global leadership study of markets was based on a range of valuable primary research. This article is the first of two attempting to relate some of the findings in the literature to the more recent and comprehensive findings of the study (hereafter referred to as HLA/ARA, or the Market Demand Study).
    [Show full text]