Hernán De Solminihac Tampier Minister of Mining Former Minister of Public Works Waterloo, March 2012

Source: Ministry of Public Works

CHILE: MANY TIMES HURT BY NATURAL DISASTERS, PERMANENTLY BLESSED BY NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY CONDITIONS: 27/F EARTHQUAKE’S LESSONS

Hernán de Solminihac Tampier Minister of Mining Former Minister of Public Works Waterloo, March 2012

Conference at University of Waterloo

I About Chile General description

II Earthquakes and Catastrophes: International outlook

III 27/F Case Study: Damage Assessment

IV 27/F Case Study: Emergency and Reconstruction

V Other Case Studies

VI 27/F Case Study: Learned Lessons

I. About Chile: General description

Source: SERNATUR 3 CHILE: A LONG AND NARROW COUNTRY…

North

Center South

4 CHILE: ASTRONOMY CAPITAL OF THE WORLD, NORTH CHILE

Natural laboratory with unique conditions with over 330 clear sky nights a year

68% of global astronomy infrastructures will be installed in Chile by 2018 with an investment of 6 billion USD

5 CHILE: OTHER NATURAL LABORATORIES

Punta Arenas is the closest port of access to Antarctic making it a unique location for the logistics needed in science, tourism and fishing in Antarctic

The Atacama Desert has the highest solar radiation and is the driest desert in the world -some places have not had rainfall for over 400 years- making it a unique location for solar energy development

Chile is one of the most seismically active countries on earth, making it a unique location for developing and testing antiseismic engineering

6 SOLID GROWTH AND STABLE INSTITUTIONS

Economic Growth in the Past Decades 8%

6.4%

4.4% 4% 3.7% Chilean economic 3.1% 2.9% 3.2% 3.2% 3.0% and institutional 2.7% GDP Growth % GrowthGDP 2.6% stability has been 2.3% 2.1% broadly recognized 1.9% 1.8% 2% 1.5% by the international community. Key factor in achieving economic growth in 0% recent decades. 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009

European Union North America World Latin America Chile Chile GDP grew 6.3% last year and is forecast to grow Source: World Bank and Central Bank of Chile, in the range 3.75%- 2012 4.75% by 2012.

7 A MINING COUNTRY

Chile’s GDP by Economic Sector (2010)

Others Mining 15.6% 19.2%

Public Administration 4.5%

Transportation 5.7% Financial Services 15.7% Construction 7.9%

Retail, Restaurants and Hotels Personal Services 9.1% Manufacturing 11.2% 11.1% The share of Source: Central Bank of Chile, 2011 mining in Chile's GDP has increased from 7% in 2000 to 19% by 2010. 8 GROWING PARTICIPATION OF CHILE IN WORLD PRODUCTION OF COPPER Chile has tripled its copper production in the last twenty years, increasing its participation in the 20,000 world production and strengthen its leadership.

16,000

32% 12,000 18%

8,000 Thousand Metric Tons Tons Metric Thousand 4,000

2002 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Rest of the world Chile

Source: Chilean Copper Commission, 2012

9 2011 WORLD COPPER RESERVES DISTRIBUTION

4.3% Russia

5.1% United States 4.3% China

5.5% Mexico

4.1% Indonesia

13.0% Peru 12.5% Australia

27.5% Chile 23. 6% Other Countries

Source: USGS, 2012

Chilean copper reserves represent 27.5% of world total reserves. In its latest report, the USGS rose chilean copper reserves from 150 to 190 million tons.

10 II. Earthquakes and Catastrophes: International Outlook

Source:Agencia Stock, Ministry of Public Works 11 LARGEST EARTHQUAKES RECORDED

1 Valdivia, May 22, 1960, Chile 9,5 Richter. 1.655 fatal victims

2 Alaska, March 28, 1964, United States of America 9,2 Richter. 128 fatal victims

3 Sumatra Island, December 26, 2004 9,0 Richter. 227.898 fatal victims

4 Tohoku, March 11, 2011, Japan 9,0 Richter. 14.941 fatal victims

Kamchatka, November 4, 1952, Russia 5 9,0 Richter. No fatal victims

Concepción/Constitución, February 27, 2010, Chile 6 8,8 Richter. 524 fatal victims.

12 INTERNATIONAL CATASTROPHES AND RECONSTRUCTION RESPONSE (1/2)

Houses affected Date Catastrophy Magnitude

Colombia 129,619 January 1999 Earthquake 6.2 Richter (Armenia) Indonesia 213,503 December 2004 Earthquake 9.1 Richter

Central America 41,420 October - Hurricane 5 Saffir-Simpson (Mitch) November 1998 Haiti (Port au 188,383 January 2010 Earthquake 7 Richter Prince) USA (Katrina) 1,125,791 August 2005 Hurricane 5 Saffir-Simpson

Japan (Kobe) 394,440 January 1995 Earthquake 7.2 Richter

Source: Reconstruction balance, Office of the President

13 INTERNATIONAL CATASTROPHES AND RECONSTRUCTION RESPONSE (2/2)

Approximate time in Reconstruction After the Catastrophe

Colombia (Armenia) Emergency

Indonesia Reconstruction

Central America (Mitch) Haiti Locations (Pto.Príncipe) USA (Katrina)

Japan (Kobe) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Years

Source: Reconstruction balance, Office of the President

14 CHILE: A SEISMIC COUNTRY

San Antonio, 1985 - 7,7 °Richter From V to VI regions

Cobquecura, 2010 – 8,8 °Richter From V to IX Regions

Valdivia, 1960 – 9,5 °Richter From VII to X Regions

Chile is considered one of the most seismically active countries, due to the Pacific Ring of Fire

Source:Ministry of Public Works

15 III. 27/F Case Study: Damage Assessment

Source: Ministry of Public Works 16 MAGNITUDE

•Time: 3:34 am

•Magnitude:8,8 Richter Scale

•More than 630 kilometers of the national territory affected

•12.800.000 people affected, equivalent to the 75% of the national population

Source:Ministry of Public Works DAMAGE

Complexity: damage dispersion • 6st greater earthquake • Affected to 6 regions (of 16) • 630 kilometers of coast • Houses affected, equivalent to 220.000 • 75% of the national population was affected

Most affected cities

• Concepción Downtown • 5 cities over 100,000 inhabitants • 45 cities over 5,000 inhabitants • More than 900 towns and communities

Source: U.S. Geological Survey

18 TSUNAMI

Source: U.S. Geological Survey 19 CONSEQUENCES OF THE CATASTROPHE

•Fatalities:521 •Dissappeared: 56 •Homes destroyed or damaged: 220.000 (11% of total area affected) •Hospitals destroyed or damaged: 79 of 130 (22% critical and standard hospital beds; 39% of hospital operating rooms) •Schools destroyed or damaged: 3.049 (76% of total schools in affected area) •Bridges destroyed or damaged: 221 •More than 900 towns, rural and coastal communities •Initial estimated cost for Chile (damage and loss of product): US$ 30 Billion. 17% of GDP

Source: Ministry of Public Works

20 40% of Rural Potable Water Supply Systems in the country were damaged.

Source:Ministry of Public Works 21 Damage examples

APR Champa – Hospital Metropolitan Region March 2010

Source:Ministry of Public Works 22 1,554 Km of roads and 92 km of concessioned highways

Source:Ministry of Public Works 23 1 aeropuerto y 7 aeródromos: El principal aeropuerto del país, Arturo Merino Benítez, tuvo una operación restringida durante cerca deDamage cinco días, disminuyendoexamples en un 70% su capacidad y afectando a más de 250.000 pasajeros.

San José de Apalta O`Higgins Region 02.28.10 Source:Ministry of Public Works 24 Damage examples

Source:Ministry of Public Works 25 Damage examples

Recover

Vespucio Sur Highway Source :Autospista Vespucio Sur 26 210 Bridges Including the two most important of the Bio Bio Region, which affected more than 4,500 trucks and over 400,000 private vehicles.

Source:Ministry of Public Works 27 Damage Examples

Tubul Bridge March 2010

Source :ONEMI 28 28 fishing coves and 7 piers

Source:Ministry of Public Works 29 14 canals, 6 reservoirs, 54 river defenses, 21 rainwater collectors.

Source:Ministry of Public Works 30 Damage Examples

Source:Ministry of Public Works 31 31 Damage Examples

Irrigation system Digua Main Channel Maule Region Source:Ministry of Public Works 32 32 Damage Examples

Source :ONEMI 33 Damage Examples

Alto Rio Building Concepcion Source :ONEMI 34 Damage Examples

Fill Collapse

Source:Ministry of Public Works 35 IV. 27/F Case Study: Emergency and Reconstruction

Source:Ministry of Public Works 36 RECONSTRUCTION: CHILEAN CASE

After the catastrophe, the MOP established three priorities for early recovery:

 Accelerate the availability of drinking water in urban and rural areas

 Recover the connectivity of the country, and gradually improve its standards

 Recover the minimum functionality of public infrastructure to help survival and basic economic activities, such as fishing coves

Source:Ministry of Public Works

37 MOP EXECUTION TIME: STAGES OF EMERGENCY AND RECONSTRUCTION RESPONSE

FEB MAY DIC DIC 2010 2010 2010 2011 Damage registry

Emergency works

Reconstruction projects

Source:Ministry of Public Works

38 MOP EXECUTION TIME: OPERATIONAL CAPACITY RECOVERY

100 55% 90% 99%

Operational capacity (%) capacity Operational 20

2010 2011

27/12 27/02 27/03 27/04 27/05 27/06 27/07 27/08 27/09 27/10 27/11 27/01 27/02 Full operative Partial operative Source:Ministry of Public Works 39 FAST RECOVERY OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE

Today, 99% of the public infrastructure of the country that suffered damage by the earthquake has recovered its basic functionality (operational), in partial or complete form.

Source:Ministry of Public Works

40 100% of the total of 1,554 km of roads damaged

Hospital Overpass Source:Ministry of Public Works 41 100% of ports.

Source :Office of the President 42 99% of damaged bridges

Source:Ministry of Public Works 43 100% of airports and aerodromes

Arturo Merino Benitez Airport Santiago Source:Ministry of Public Works 44 100% of potable water systems of rural areas

Fuente :Office of the President 45 100% of canals and reservoirs

BEFORE AFTER

Canal Melozal Maule Source:Ministry of Public Works 46 BEFORE AFTER

San José de Apalta O’Higgins Region Source:Ministry of Public Works 47 BEFORE AFTER

North Lota Access Bio-Bio Region Source:Ministry of Public Works 48 Irrigation System

BEFORE AFTER

Digua Main Canal Maule Region Source:Ministry of Public Works 49 BEFORE AFTER

APR Champa – Hospital Región Metropolitana Source:Ministry of Public Works 50 BEFORE AFTER

Mecano Bridge over Rio Claro Maule Region Source:Ministry of Public Works 51 V. Other Case Studies

Fuente :Ministerio Obras Públicas 52 The White Earthquake

Source:Ministry of Public Works 53 The White Earthquake

Source:Ministry of Public Works

54 Puyehue Volcano

Source:Ministry of Public Works 55 Puyehue Volcano

Source: SERNAGEOMIN 56 Hudson Volcano

Source:Source: SERNAGEOMIN 57 Hudson Volcano

Source:Source: SERNAGEOMIN 58 33 Miners

Source :Office of the President

59 33 Miners

Source :Office of the President 60 VI. 27/F Case Study: Learned Lessons

61 The prevention-and-reaction model to catastrophes that affect infrastructure

Prevention

Prevention Reaction  Public coordination  Regulatory changes  New Public Ministry attributions

 Protocols People Damage Emergency Reconstruction  Telecommunications Care Cuantification Plan Plan infrastructure  Risk studies (floading, earthquakes, volcanic activity, tsunami, others)

Learned Lessons

62 Source: Ministry of Public Works

CHILE: MANY TIMES HURT BY NATURAL DISASTERS, PERMANENTLY BLESSED BY NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY CONDITIONS: 27/F EARTHQUAKE’S LESSONS

Hernán de Solminihac Tampier Minister of Mining Former Minister of Public Works Waterloo, March 2012

Conference at University of Waterloo