Unit 1 Understanding International Relations*
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The Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe Andrew Moravcsik
The Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe Andrew Moravcsik The ftieth anniversary of the UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights marks an appropriate moment to reconsider the reasons why governments construct interna- tional regimes to adjudicate and enforce human rights. Such regimes include those established under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights, and the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. These arrangements differ from most other forms of institutionalized international cooperation in both their ends and their means. Unlike international institutions gov- erning trade, monetary, environmental, or security policy, international human rights institutions are not designed primarily to regulate policy externalities arising from societal interactions across borders, but to hold governments accountable for purely internal activities. In contrast to most international regimes, moreover, human rights regimes are not generally enforced by interstate action. Although most arrangements formally empower governments to challenge one another, such challenges almost never occur. The distinctiveness of such regimes lies instead in their empowerment of individual citizens to bring suit to challenge the domestic activities of their own government. Independent courts and commissions attached to such regimes often respond to such individual claims by judging that the application of domestic rules or legislation -
NEOLIBERALISM, NEOREALISM, and WORLD POLITICS David A
-- NEOLIBERALISM, NEOREALISM, AND WORLD POLITICS David A. Baldwin In 1986 Robert 0. Keohane edited a volume entitled Neorealism and Its Critics, which focused on the reformulation of traditional realist thinking about international politics by Kenneth Waltz (1979) and reactions from a variety of scholars. Waltz had recast the tenets of classical realism in order to delineate more clearly the effects of the structure of the international system on the behavior of nation-states. In addition, Waltz viewed his work as different from that of earlier realists in its treatment of power and of states as units of the system (Waltz 1979; 1990). The critics, according to Keohane (1986a:24), sought to move beyond the nation-state by "devising new international institutions or regimes," by reinterpreting the principles of sover- eignty, or by challenging the "validity of the 'state as actor' model on which neorealism relies." Whereas some critics called for more atten- tion to economic and environmental interdependence as well as changes in governmental functions, information, and international regimes, others attacked the epistemology on which Waltz based his argument. In a sense, this volume picks up where Neorealism and Its Critics ended. Unlike that volume, however, the contributors to this one share many fundamental assumptions about the nature and purpose of social scientific inquiry. This allows them to engage one another's arguments directly and results in a more focused and productive debate. 4 David A. Baldwin Neoliberalism, Neorealism, and World Politics 5 In recent years the most powerful challenge to neorealism, some- Helen Milner (1991:70, 81-82) identifies the "discovery of orderly times labeled structural realism, has been mounted by neoliberal insti- features of world politics amidst its seeming chaos" as "perhaps the tutionalists. -
Chapter One: Postwar Resentment and the Invention of Middle America 10
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Jeffrey Christopher Bickerstaff Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________________ Timothy Melley, Director ________________________________________ C. Barry Chabot, Reader ________________________________________ Whitney Womack Smith, Reader ________________________________________ Marguerite S. Shaffer, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT TALES FROM THE SILENT MAJORITY: CONSERVATIVE POPULISM AND THE INVENTION OF MIDDLE AMERICA by Jeffrey Christopher Bickerstaff In this dissertation I show how the conservative movement lured the white working class out of the Democratic New Deal Coalition and into the Republican Majority. I argue that this political transformation was accomplished in part by what I call the "invention" of Middle America. Using such cultural representations as mainstream print media, literature, and film, conservatives successfully exploited what came to be known as the Social Issue and constructed "Liberalism" as effeminate, impractical, and elitist. Chapter One charts the rise of conservative populism and Middle America against the backdrop of 1960s social upheaval. I stress the importance of backlash and resentment to Richard Nixon's ascendancy to the Presidency, describe strategies employed by the conservative movement to win majority status for the GOP, and explore the conflict between this goal and the will to ideological purity. In Chapter Two I read Rabbit Redux as John Updike's attempt to model the racial education of a conservative Middle American, Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom, in "teach-in" scenes that reflect the conflict between the social conservative and Eastern Liberal within the author's psyche. I conclude that this conflict undermines the project and, despite laudable intentions, Updike perpetuates caricatures of the Left and hastens Middle America's rejection of Liberalism. -
Ideational and Republican Liberalism and the European Policy of Germany's Grand Coalition
16.03.2010 MERGER OR ACQUISITION? IDEATIONAL AND REPUBLICAN LIBERALISM AND THE EUROPEAN POLICY OF GERMANY'S GRAND COALITION Prof. Dr. Sebastian Harnisch / Raimund Wolf, M.A. Institute for Political Science Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 69115 Heidelberg Phone: +49-6221-54-2859 E-Mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Web: http://harnisch.uni-hd.de Abstract This paper suggests a dialogue between different strands of liberalism and veto player theory in order to explain the ambivalence in German Grand Coalition’s European policy. We argue that veto player theory can contribute analytical clarity to the republican liberalism without losing parsimony. By specifying the republican liberalism, the significance of the ideational liberalism as constitutive for veto player creation and conditional for veto player activation becomes evident. Furthermore, taking on ideational liberalism seriously advances our concept of “policy interdependence” that links societal (and veto player) preferences and inter-state cooperation. The illustrative case study of German policy on ESDP and EU constitutional reform reveals the constraining effect of anticipated and actual veto playing by ideational motivated actors. We conclude that republican and ideational liberalism are powerful explanatory tools, but that they should be integrated to advance their potential for a combination of causal and constitutive reasoning. 1 1. Introduction German European policy is something of a paradox. While there is a strong public and political commitment towards European integration, Germany’s European policy also exhibits a marked tendency towards domestication, a process by which domestic veto players – the legislators and the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) – limit the delegation of authority to supranational institutions (Harnisch 2006; 2009). -
Russian Coal Mining in Svalbard
Russian Coal Mining in Svalbard An Examination of Sovereignty and Arctic Cooperation Group 25 Narin Zimbalista, Luna Persson, Zoe Svendsen & Julie Sejr Reventlow Characters: 141595 1 1. Introduction 4 Research Question 7 Supporting Questions 7 Research Design 7 2. Background Information 8 2.1 A Brief History of Svalbard 8 2.1.1 Mining as a Settlement Builder 9 2.1.2. Russian and Norwegian interests in Svalbard 10 2.2 Geopolitical Context in the Arctic 11 2.2.1 Russian conduct in the Arctic 12 2.2.2 Barents Sea Dispute 13 3. Literature Review 15 3.1 An overview of the Arctic conflict 15 3.2 Theoretical Considerations within the literature 17 3.3 Russia in the Arctic 18 3.4 Svalbard and the Russian Presence 19 3.5 Concluding Considerations 20 4. Theoretical Framework 22 4.1 Realism 22 4.1.1 Economic Nationalism 24 4.2 Constructivism 26 4.3 Main theoretical deductions 28 5. Methodology 31 5.1 Philosophy of Science 31 5.1.1 Realism 31 5.1.2 Constructivism 33 5.2 Methods 34 5.2.1 Content analysis 34 5.2.2 Documents as data 37 5.3 Results 39 5.3.1 - Thematic Coding Results 39 5.3.2 Summarizing Qualitative Content Analysis Results 42 6. Analysis 46 6.1 How is Russia utilizing coal mining in Svalbard to project influence? 46 6.2 How has the Svalbard Treaty and the UNCLOS constructed norms and rules that have affected the contemporary jurisdiction of Svalbard? 51 2 6.3 How can Realism and Constructivism offer insight to Russian and Norwegian behaviour in Svalbard? 55 7. -
Trump's False 'Realism'
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University International Bulletin of Political Psychology Volume 20 Issue 1 Article 2 1-13-2020 Trump’s False ‘Realism’ Muhammad Ali Baig National Defence University, Pakistan, [email protected] Syed Sabir Muhammad University of Peshawar, Pakistan, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/ibpp Part of the American Politics Commons, International Economics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Baig, Muhammad Ali and Muhammad, Syed Sabir (2020) "Trump’s False ‘Realism’," International Bulletin of Political Psychology: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/ibpp/vol20/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Bulletin of Political Psychology by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Baig and Muhammad: Trump’s False ‘Realism’ TRUMP’S FALSE ‘REALISM’ Muhammad Ali Baig* and Syed Sabir Muhammad** Abstract Foreign policy pivoted upon realist principles has have remained a vital instrument to pursue, achieve, secure and sustain the policy objectives of a state. America being the liberal hegemonic state maintained ‘liberal hegemony’ since the end of the Second World War. Realists intended to adopt a realist foreign policy; however, ideologies like ‘American Exceptionalism’ dominated over the former. President Donald Trump opted for protectionism with the objective of strengthening U.S. indigenous economy – a realist approach. Nevertheless, Trump’s foreign dealings in relation to America’s allies are causing damage to the established balance of power and the hard-earned trust of allies. -
The Vision Thing”: George H.W
“The Vision Thing”: George H.W. Bush and the Battle For American Conservatism 19881992 Paul Wilson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 1, 2012 Advised by Professor Maris Vinovskis For my Grandfather, who financed this project (and my education). For my beautiful Bryana, who encouraged me every step of the way. Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter One: The Clash of Legacies.......................................................................................... 14 Chapter Two: The End of the Cold War and the New European Order ................ 42 Chapter Three: 1992 and the Making of Modern American Conservatism....... 70 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................ 108 Bibliography....................................................................................................................................... 114 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to the University of Michigan library system for providing access to the material used in the making of this thesis. Thanks to Professor Maris Vinovskis, who provided invaluable knowledge and mentorship throughout the whole writing process. Much gratitude goes to Dr. Sigrid Cordell, who always found the resources I needed to complete this -
Routledge Handbook of Security Studies Liberalism
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 01 Oct 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Routledge Handbook of Security Studies Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Thierry Balzacq Liberalism: a Theoretical and Empirical Assessment Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315753393.ch2 Thomas C. Walker, David L. Rousseau Published online on: 13 Jul 2016 How to cite :- Thomas C. Walker, David L. Rousseau. 13 Jul 2016, Liberalism: a Theoretical and Empirical Assessment from: Routledge Handbook of Security Studies Routledge Accessed on: 01 Oct 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315753393.ch2 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 2 LIBERALISM: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT Thomas C. Walker and David L. Rousseau In the study of politics, liberalism ‘has been employed in a dizzying variety of ways’ and carries multiple meanings (Bell 2014: 682). -
Rousseau, David L., Thomas C. Walker. 2012. "Liberalism."
2 Liberalism David L. Rousseau and Thomas C. Walker Liberalism is an expansive concept that carries a variety of meanings for students of pol- itics. For Doyle (1997: 206), ‘liberalism resembles a family portrait of principles and institutions, recognizable by certain characteristics – for example, individual freedom, political participation, private property, and equality of opportunity’. In the realm of International Relations (IR), students look to liberalism to explain how human reason, progress, individual rights and freedoms can give rise to more peaceful interstate relations. Liberals predict that stable democracies and economically interdependent states will behave differently in several respects. First and most importantly, democratic states are less likely to initiate and escalate conflicts with other states (also known as the ‘demo- cratic peace theory’). Second, democratic states are more likely to engage in international trade and investment, and the resultant interdependence will contribute to peace. Third, democratic states are more likely to seek cooperative solutions through international institutions. While there are significant differences between individual liberal thinkers, all have a general faith in the pacifying effects of political liberty, economic freedom, interdependence and international association. Before proceeding, it is important to dispel one persistent myth that has clouded understandings of liberalism: the association between early forms of liberal inter- nationalism and normative-laden versions of idealism. For example, Howard (1978: 11) defined ‘liberals’ as ‘all those thinkers who believe the world to be profoundly other than it should be, and who have faith in the power of human reason and human action so to change it’. But liberal theory provides much more than imagining a world as it should be. -
The Avoidable War Reflections on U.S.-China Relations and the End of Strategic Engagement
An Asia Society Policy Institute Publication The Avoidable War Reflections on U.S.-China Relations and the End of Strategic Engagement BY THE HONORABLE KEVIN RUDD, President, Asia Society Policy Institute The Avoidable War: Reflections on U.S.-China Relations and the End of Strategic Engagement A COLLECTION OF MAJOR SPEECHES DURING 2018 THE HONORABLE KEVIN RUDD PRESIDENT, ASIA SOCIETY POLICY INSTITUTE JANUARY 2019 POLICY INSTITUTE With a solution-oriented mandate, the Asia Society Policy Institute (ASPI) tackles major policy challenges con- fronting the Asia-Pacific in security, prosperity, sustainability, and the development of common norms and values for the region. The Asia Society Policy Institute is a think- and do-tank designed to bring forth policy ideas that incorporate the best thinking from top experts in Asia and to work with policymakers to integrate these ideas and put them into practice. ABOUT THE AUTHOR The Honorable Kevin Rudd served as Australia’s 26th Prime Minister (2007–10, 2013) and as Foreign Minister (2010–12). He led Australia’s response during the Global Financial Crisis—the only major developed economy not to go into recession—and co-founded the G20. Mr. Rudd joined the Asia Society Policy Institute in New York as its inaugural President in January 2015. He serves as Chair of the Board of the International Peace Institute and Chair of Sanitation and Water for All. He is a Senior Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, a Distinguished Fellow at Chatham House in London, a Distinguished Statesman with the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington D.C., and a Distinguished Fellow at the Paulson Institute in Chicago. -
Schweller 4300 (Fall 2014).Pdf
THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Political Science 4300 Fall 2014 Professor Randall Schweller TuTh 2:20PM - 3:40PM Office: 2106 Derby Hall Hitchcock Hall 0031 e-mail: [email protected] Course Description The course introduces undergraduates to the major theoretical issues and paradigms in the field of international relations. The course is divided into three parts. In part one, three theoretical perspectives are covered: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. In parts two and three, these three perspectives are used as theoretical lenses to examine the current age of US primacy, how others are reacting to it, and what comes next. Course Requirements: Midterm: essay exam (50% of final grade); Final: essay exam (50% of final grade). Required Texts 1. Richard K. Betts, Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace 3rd or 4th edition (Longman, 2005). 2. G. John Ikenberry, ed., America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (Cornell University Press, 2002). 3. Randall Schweller, Maxwell’s Demon and the Golden Apple: Global Discord in the New Millennium (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014). Part 1: Theories of International Relations 1. ANARCHY Thomas Hobbes, “The State of Nature and the State of War,” in Betts. 2. THE SECURITY DILEMMA AND THE OFFENSE-DEFENSE BALANCE Robert Jervis, "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma," in Betts. Jack Levy, "The Offensive/Defensive Balance of Military Technology," in Betts. 3. REALISM: CAUSES OF WAR Thucydides, "The Melian Dialogue," in Betts. Edward Hallett Carr, "Realism and Idealism," in Betts. Kenneth N. Waltz, “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory,” in Betts. -
POLS 4610 International Relations: Theory And
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ POLS 4610 International Relations: Theory and Practice- MO1- Fall 2021 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Class time: Wednesday 18:30-21:15 (with a break at 19:45) Credits: 3 Room: PRH 16 Modality: This class is taught face-to-face on the Madrid campus. For exceptional circumstances and some of the guest speaker events, a class Zoom link is provided. Class Zoom link: https://slu.zoom.us/j/93753477612?pwd=cUdUTzBJUVJ6ZWFiRldBUFdTb0VQZz09 Prerequisites: For Political Science/IR Majors: POLS 1000 or 1600, POLS 1500, POLS 2000 and Senior Standing Instructor and Email: Simona Rentea, Ph.D., [email protected] Office: San Ignacio Hall 310 Office hours: Monday 17:00-19:00 (via Zoom) and Wednesday 14:00-15:00 (in office SIH 310). To arrange an alternative time, email the instructor. Office Hour Zoom link: https://slu.zoom.us/j/94941006188?pwd=cmZFSFd5UUxNV2hxSUEzNVBKTmhIQT09 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description: The principal purpose of this course is to explore the key theoretical traditions in the discipline of International Relations. There is little agreement as to what International Relations theory is and should be about. Questions of gender inequality and human emancipation are as much a part of International Relations theory today as questions of sovereignty, balance of power and the conduct of war. The aim of the course is threefold. Firstly, it introduces students to fundamental texts and thinkers in political realism, liberalism, constructivism, Marxism, feminism, and postcolonialism in International Relations. Particular attention will be paid to the assumptions, claims, and modes of reasoning that distinguish these theories from one another. Second, it compares and contrasts their different interpretations of the “international” in relation to key methodological and epistemological areas of disagreement.