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Unpaved Roads BMP Manual

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Unpaved Roads BMP Manual The Massachusetts Unpaved Roads BMP Manual A Guidebook on How to Improve Water Quality While Addressing Common Problems Prepared by: Berkshire Regional Planning Commission 33 Dunham Mall, Pittsfield, MA 01201 Prepared for: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 1 Project 98-06/319 Winter 2001 This project has been partially funded with Federal Funds from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) under a Clean Water Act, Section 319 grant. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or DEP, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use. Forward This manual was prepared by the Berkshire Regional Planning Commission for the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This manual has been adapted from the Vermont Better Backroads Program Manual Clean Water You Can Afford, a publication of the George D. Aiken and Northern Vermont Resource Conservation and Development Councils, originally prepared by the Windham Regional Commission. Illustrations throughout this manual are credited to Melissa M. Reichert, Senior Planner/Landscape Architect with the Windham Regional Commission and have been reprinted here with permission. During the course of the development of this manual, many individuals supplied technical materials and current information, provided valuable guidance, and reviewed and commented on the drafts. Special thanks go to the following individuals who served as technical advisors, providing important comments and suggestions: Bruce Philbrick, USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Mike Parker, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Kevin Case, Farmington River Watershed Association Bruce Anderson, Department of Environmental Management Carl Curtin, Department of Environmental Management Pat Phelps, Massachusetts Highway Department Jane Peirce, Department of Environmental Protection Shep Evans, Town of Stockbridge Special thanks also go out to Bill Elovirta, Becket Highway Superintendent; Ray Strickland, Otis Highway Superintendent; and Ed Riiska, Sandisfield Highway Superintendent for their participation in the demonstration projects that accompanied this project. Important! All road projects that occur within and near areas subject to Massachusetts and Federal environmental regulations cannot be “design-built” in the field; they must be designed and permitted prior to commencement of any work. Limited copies of this report are available at no cost by written request to: Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Arthur Screpetis, Division of Municipal Services 627 Main Street Worcester, MA 01608 Disclaimer: The information contained within this manual has been compiled from various reputable sources and reviewed, but has not been verified for engineering integrity. This manual is meant to be a guidance document on unpaved road management, not a set of definitive design specifications. Individual site conditions (i.e. soils, grades, proximity to water bodies, rates of flow, peak discharges, etc.) must be considered when projects are designed. The services of a professional engineer may be required in some instances. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 THE NEED FOR BMP’S ................................................................................................................................. 2 BMP SELECTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 NONSTRUCTURAL BMP’S ............................................................................................................................. 3 WHAT ABOUT DRAINAGE? ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIFE OF AN UNPAVED ROAD .................................................................................................... 5 ROAD SURFACES ................................................................................................................ 7 IMPORTANCE TO WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................................................................... 7 SURFACE PROFILE & GRADING ............................................................................................................................................. 8 SURFACE MATERIALS .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 SHOULDERS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 WATERBARS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 UNPAVED ROAD DISTRESS CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................................... 12 MATRIX OF ROAD SURFACE BMP’S FOR MAINTENANCE WORK ................................................................................. 14 DITCHES ................................................................................................................................ 15 IMPORTANCE TO WATER QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................... 15 DITCH PROFILE AND LINING ................................................................................................................................................. 15 DITCH TYPES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 DITCH MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................................................. 17 CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ABOUT YOUR DITCHES? ................................................................................. 18 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION CHECKLIST .................................................................................................. 18 DIVERSION DITCHES AND BERMS ....................................................................................................................................... 19 TURNOUTS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 VELOCITY CONTROLS AND ENERGY DISSIPATERS .......................................................................................................... 21 MATRIX OF DITCH BMP’S FOR MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................. 25 CULVERTS ............................................................................................................................ 27 IMPORTANCE TO WATER QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................... 27 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................ 27 INSTALLATION/REPLACEMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 28 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS PIPE TYPES .................................................................................... 30 HEADERS AND ENDWALLS .................................................................................................................................................... 31 REASONS TO REPLACE OR REPAIR A CULVERT ............................................................................................................... 31 FISH FRIENDLY CULVERTS ................................................................................................................................................... 32 CULVERT MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................ 34 MATRIX OF CULVERT BMP’S .............................................................................................................................................. 36 OUTLET PROTECTION ....................................................................................................... 37 IMPORTANCE TO WATER QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................... 37 STRUCTURAL OUTLET PROTECTION .................................................................................................................................. 37 NONSTRUCTURAL OUTLET PROTECTION .........................................................................................................................
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