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FACULDADE CÁSPER LÍBERO Mestrado Em Comunicação Um FACULDADE CÁSPER LÍBERO Mestrado em Comunicação ARTES MARCIAIS, MÍDIA E ESPETÁCULO Um estudo compreensivo das artes marciais mistas Everton de Brito Dias São Paulo 2016 EVERTON DE BRITO DIAS ARTES MARCIAIS, MÍDIA E ESPETÁCULO Um estudo compreensivo das artes marciais mistas Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Faculdade Cásper Líbero, área de concentração “Comunicação na contemporaneidade” e linha de pesquisa “Produtos midiáticos: jornalismo e entretenimento”. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Dimas A. Künsch São Paulo 2016 Dias, Everton de Brito Artes marciais, mídia e espetáculo: um estudo compreensivo das artes marciais mistas / Everton de Brito Dias. -- São Paulo, SP, 2016. 171 f. : il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Dimas Antônio Künsch Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade Cásper Líbero. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Faculdade Cásper Líbero, área de concentração “Comunicação na contemporaneidade” e linha de pesquisa “Produtos midiáticos: jornalismo e entretenimento”. 1. Comunicação. 2. Produtos midiáticos. 3. Midiatização. 4. Espetacularização. 5. Artes Marciais Mistas. 6. Compreensão como Método. I. Künsch, Dimas Antônio. II. Faculdade Cásper Líbero, Programa de Mestrado em Comunicação. III. Título. À Vida: à Luz e à Sombra que ela compreende. RESUMO Esta dissertação tem por tema a midiatização e espetacularização das artes marciais, ou como estas vêm acentuadamente se tornando um produto da indústria cultural, e, por objeto, as artes marciais mistas, o MMA (do inglês mixed martial arts) nessa mesma relação com a mídia. A questão central tem a ver com os modos como mídia e espetáculo estão incidindo, hoje, no mundo das artes marciais. O objetivo geral é o de mostrar, por meio de diversas facetas, produtos e acontecimentos, como esse processo se evidencia no caso específico das artes marciais mistas. Outros objetivos são o de elucidar a relação entre o cinema e o surgimento do MMA e algumas das diferenças mais importantes entre a filosofia das artes marciais históricas e delas enquanto produtos midiáticos. Também, pretende-se perceber o espetáculo numa visão complexa e compreensiva, ou seja, não só no sentido da crítica negativa ao espetáculo em sua vinculação com o mercado, mas também do espetáculo como realidade social e como direito. Como principais referenciais teóricos, trabalha-se com Zygmunt Bauman e a metáfora da modernidade líquida; da Escola de Frankfurt, interessa a visão benjaminiana da democratização da cultura intermediada pela cultura de massa, ou Indústria Cultural, como dela falam Adorno e Horkheimer; Debord e a sociedade do espetáculo; o espetáculo da mídia e a multiperspectividade de Kellner; Huizinga e o seu conceito de Homo ludens; Yvana Fechine e o conceito de estesia; e, ainda, Campbell e Vogler com seus estudos sobre o lugar e os significados do mito, Norbert Elias e as mudanças nas formas de exercício da agressividade no processo civilizador. Outros aportes assumem a leitura da comunicação a partir do corpo, proposta por Kamper e Baitello Junior, o pensamento complexo de Morin e o pensamento compreensivo, na linha das investigações desenvolvidas no âmbito do grupo de pesquisa "Comunicação, Diálogo e Compreensão" e do projeto "A Compreensão como Método", da Faculdade Cásper Líbero, em parceria com a Universidade de Antioquia, de Medellín, na Colômbia. Metodologicamente, o estudo dos referencias teóricos se faz lado a lado com a observação atenta, a análise e entrevistas relacionadas à programação do "Canal Combate", ao filme “Mais Forte que o Mundo: A História de José Aldo” e à poderosa organização UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship). Este é um trabalho do programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação da Faculdade Cásper Líbero, na linha de pesquisa "Produtos Midiáticos: Jornalismo e Entretenimento". Palavras-chave: Comunicação. Produtos midiáticos. Midiatização. Espetacularização. Artes Marciais Mistas. Compreensão como Método. ABSTRACT The theme of this thesis is martial arts mediatization and spectacularization, or how they are deeply becoming a product of the cultural industry, and, as the object, MMA (mixed martial arts) in the same relationship with media. The main issue has to do with the ways in which media and spectacle are acting today in the martial arts world. The overall goal is to show, through various facets, products and events, how this process is evident in the specific case of mixed martial arts. Other goals are to elucidate the relationship between cinema and the rise of MMA and some of the most important differences between the philosophy of historical martial arts and among them as media products. Also, we intend to perceive the spectacle through a complex and comprehensive vision, that is, not only towards the negative criticism of the spectacle in its relationship with the market, but also the spectacle as a social reality and as a right. The main theoretical references are Zygmunt Bauman and the metaphor of liquid modernity; from the Frankfurt School, the Walter Benjamin vision of democratization of culture through mass culture, or culture industry, that Adorno and Horkheimer had also discussed; Guy Debord and the society of the spectacle; the media spectacle and multiperspectivity from Kellner; Huizinga and his concept of Homo ludens; Yvana Fechine and the concept of esthesia; and also Campbell and Vogler with theirs studies of the place and the meanings of the myth; and Norbert Elias and changes in aggressiveness forms in the civilizing process. Other key contributions consider the communication understanding from the body proposed by Kamper and Baitello Junior, complex thinking proposed by Morin and the comprehensive thinking, in line with the investigations carried out under the research group "Communication, Dialogue and Comprehension" and the project "Comprehension as a Method", from the Casper Libero College, in partnership with the University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Methodologically, the study of theoretical references is done side by side with close observation, analysis and interviews related to the programming of the "Canal Combate" the film "Stronger than the World: The Story of Jose Aldo" and the powerful organization UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship). This is a work of the MA in Communication Casper Libero College Program, the research line "media products: Journalism and Entertainment". Keywords: Communication. media products. Mediatization and Spectacularization. Mixed martial arts. Comprehension as a Method. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1- Crystal Maria Denha, apresentadora do The Fumble............................................................................. 25 Figura 2 - José Aldo e Conor McGregor encaram-se............................................................................................. 26 Figura 3 – McGregor destacando o corte de seu terno........................................................................................... 28 Figura 4 - José Aldo Júnior, o campeão que matou a fome com título.................................................................. 30 Figura 5 - Cartaz de divulgação do filme “Mais Forte que o Mundo - A História de José Aldo”......................... 31 Figura 6 - Champs - Tyson, Holyfiled e Hopkins……………………………………………………………….. 32 Figura 7- McGregor nocauteia José Aldo no UFC 194......................................................................................... 33 Figura 8 - The Ultimate Fighting Championship - 1993………………………………………………………... 36 Figura 9 - Royce Gracie vence o UFC 1............................................................................................................... 37 Figura 10- Logomarca do UFC em 2001.............................................................................................................. 39 Figura 11 - Logomarca do Canal Combate........................................................................................................... 41 Figura 12 - Crescimento MMA no Brasil de 2005 a 2014................................................................................... 43 Figura 13 - Morihei Ueshiba, o fundador do Aikidô............................................................................................ 45 Figura 14- Guy Debord, autor da Sociedade do Espetáculo (1997)..................................................................... 59 Figura 15 -Mitsuyo Maeda e família no Brasil.................................................................................................... 62 Figura 16- Hélio Gracie desafia Russel............................................................................................................... 63 Figura 17 - La Riña - Rinha, o Filme................................................................................................................... 97 Figura 18 - Marisa Monte e Anderson Silva no clipe de “Ainda bem”............................................................... 98 Figura 19 - O lado rinoceronte de José Aldo........................................................................................................ 103 Figura 20- Mitos do combate: Carlos, Hélio, Rickson e Royce Gracie............................................................... 107 Figura 21 - O fenômeno de mídia e artes marciais Bruce Lee............................................................................. 114 SUMÁRIO Apresentação...........................................................................................................................10
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