AMIC‑Department of Information‑ISKI Seminar on Satellite Technology : the Communication Equaliser, Solo, Nov 25‑30, 1984 : [Programme and List of Participants]

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AMIC‑Department of Information‑ISKI Seminar on Satellite Technology : the Communication Equaliser, Solo, Nov 25‑30, 1984 : [programme and list of participants]

1984 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/92500

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Programme & List Of Participants

Paper No.l ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ('• , L» DEPARTMENT 01"" INrORMARON ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVEMBER 25 30. 1984 SURAKARTA - INDONESIA

SEMINAR ON SATELLITES: THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER November 26 - 29, 1984 Solo, Indonesia

unday, Nov. 25, 1984 0.00 Field trip to Multi Media Training Centre (MMTC) in Yogyakarta 16.00 Back to Solo (Hotel Sahid Sala) 19.00 Reception § Dinner Host: Indonesian Communication Association (ISKI)

Monday, Nov. 26, 1984 10.00 - 12.00 Session I: Opening Ceremony . p(At the Press Monument) Welcome RemarKs: * Dr. M. Alwi Dahlan President, ISKI Chairman, Steering § Organizing Committee * Mr. Vijay Menon Secretary General, AMIC * Ismail Governor of Central Java Inaugural Address: H.E. Mr. Harmoko Minister of Information Republic of Indonesia 12.00 13.00 Lunch (Kusuma Sahid Prince Hotel) 13.00 15.00 Session II: Satellite Technology: / /rc~, ""•--< ..'., The State of the Art J '— Mr. K.P. Galligan European Space Agency 15.00 - 17.00 Session III: Presentation of Country Reports from Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore

19.00 Dinner § Cultural Evening Hosted by H.E. The Minister of Information Republic of Indonesia (At the Press Monument) ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

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Tuesday, Nov. 27, 1984 08.30 - 10.00 Session IV: Facts and Issues Concerning the Geostationary Orbit Prof.Dr. Priyatna Abdurrasyid, SH Expert Staff, Minister Coordinator of Political Affairs and National Security 10.00 - 10.30 Break 10.30 - 13.00 Session V: The Palapa Satellite National and Regional Equaliser Ir. Sukarno Abdurachinan Director General Post and Teleconrnunication, Indonesia Comnunication Satellite : The Indonesian Experience Dr. Astrid Susanto ISKI 13.00 - 14.00 Lunch 14.00 - 15.30 Session VT: Satellite and Rural Cannunications: The India Experience Mr. N. Sanpath Head of Planning & Projects Space Applications Centre Ahmedabad, India 15.30 - 16.00 Break 16.00 - 17.30 Session VII: Sattelite Communications: The Pacific Experience Mr. Graham Davey Area Representative from Southeast Asia International Telecommunications Union 19.00 Dinner Host: Mayor of Surakarta

Wednesday, Nov. 28, 1984 08.30 - 10.00 SessionVIII: Satellite Receiver Ground Stations: Low Cost Options Prof. R.E. Aitchison Macquarie University Australia 10.00 - 10.30 Break 10.30 - 12.00 Session IX: Satellite Communication and their use for Broadcast Mr. Shinichi Ishii Satellite News Coordinator Foreign News Department Radio NHK Tokyo, Japan 12.00 - 13.00 Lunch ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library r

13.00 - 14.30 Session X: Harnessing Satellite Technology for the Press Mr. Mitsutada Nakayama Supervisor, Cable .§ Radio Section Kyodo News Service Tokyo, Japan 14.30 - 16.00 Session XI: Satellite Technology - The Future Mr. Richard Dell German Radio-TV Station Munich, Federal Republic of Germany 16.00 - 17.30 Session XII: Drafting of Recommendations 19.00 Session XIII: Presentation oT"R"ecommendations and Closing Dinner Host: Secretary-General, AMIC

Thursday, Nov. 29, 1984 08.00 Field Trip

Friday, Nov. 30, 1984 Back to Jakarta Foreign participants leave for respective countries

***. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

DEPARTMl Nl Of INFORMATION ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE ':' :T7kh THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER rjovr v-!>rr; '!.. 30 1984 < Vis. •>' !RAKAI •. i M ii-inoNrsiA

DAFTAR NAMA PESERTA DAN PENINJAU

SEMINAR SATELIT SEBAGAI PEMERATA KOMUNIKASI

SURAKARTA, 25-30 NOVEMBER 19 84

NO. NAMA INSTANSI / ORGANISASI

I. PESERTA

A. A. M.I.C. 1. K.P. Galligan European Space Agency, Paris-Prancis '2. Dr. Richard Dill German Television, Munich 3. N. Sampath Head, Planning and Projects Group Space Application Centre Ahmedabad, India 4. Shinichi Ishii Radio NHK. Tokyo, Jepang 5. Ramon Espiritu Domestic Satellite Philippnes Inc. Metro Manila, Philippines 6. Goh Boon Wah Telecoms Singapore 7. Sethaporn Cusripituck Post and Telegraph Department, Bangkok Thailand 8. Subhi Bin Mhd. Sayuti Malaysia 9. Prof. A.E. Aitchison Australia .,

xA2-i-__Ra*&-JA&?e~~ "-—— """Aus-brarTl a J li. Matsutada Nakayama Kyodo, Japan • ' 12. Graham Davey ITU 13. Vijay Menon Secretary General A.M-sI.C 14. Adlai J. Amor A.M.I.C.

l-&-r" ki.i'i. ^ j.—i— —^. —UWWJW- y B. ISKI - PUSAT

1. Dr. M. Alwi Dahlan ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION - ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVEMHI •• URAKAPi/- 'JUONESIA

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NO. N A M A INSTANSI / ORGANISASI

2. Drs. Jakob Oetama 3. Drs. D.H. Assegaff 4. Dr. Astrid Susanto 5. Drs. G. Dwipayana 6. Tuti Adhitama, M.A. 7. Dra. Ina Soeparto, MA. 8. Drs. Ishadi, SK, MSc. 9. Dra. Roos Anwar 10. Drs. Sjafriel Salim 11. Dr. Riega Adiwoso (Merangkap Notulis).

C. ISKI - CABANG 1. Drs. H.M. Ramly Jakarta 2. Drs. Jalaluddin Rakhmat, Jawa, Bandung BSc. 3. Drs. M. Luthfi MPH Semarang D.I. Yogyakarta 4. Drs. Ashadi Siregar Surakarta. 5. Drs. C. Sardjono Manado 6. Drs. A.C. Tendean Ujung Pandang 7. Dra. Ratna

D. DEPARTEMEN / INSTANSI

1. Ir. G. Subardjo Kapuslitbang Tekpen 2. Drs. Daan Sahusilawane Direktur Pembinaan Kewartawanan 3. Ir. Sumartono 4. Drs. F. Rachmadi Staf Ahli Menteri Bidang Perencanaan Pembangunan dan Ekonomi 5. Ir. S. Abdulrachman Dirjen Telkom Dept. Parpostel 6. Ir. Suryadi Sudarsono, MSc LEN LIPI - Bandung 7. Ir. Setyo Sudana LEN LIPI - Bandung ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

DBPARIMINI Ol" INIOHMA7ION - ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER iJj'v't r.'iK! f SUHAJ-.AM i A 'iDON! SIA

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NO. N A M A INSTANSI / ORGANISASI

8. Dr • Suharso, MA Direktur Lembaga Ekonomi dan Kemasyarakatan Nasional 9. Drs. Sudarsono Sudirdjo, Kepala Pusat Pendidikan Teknologi MSc Komunikasi Pendidikan dan Kebudayaa 10. Drs. E. Siswojo Kepala Litbang Deppen. 11. Prof. Dr. Priatna POLKAM Abdurrasyid, SH (Juga I 12. 13. Penyaji Paper Teknis) 14. Zulharmans Ketua Umum PWI Pusat 15. Drs. Sunarto Dekan Fak. Publisistik Univ. Prof. Dr. Mustopo 16. Drs. Yulianto Ongkowijoyo Pembantu Asdok dan Mass Media Bidang Pemberitaan dan Kewartawanan Mensekneg 17. Drs. Novel Ali UNDIP 18. Ir. Utoro Sastrokusumo Pusat Teknologi Komunikasi ITB 19. Ir. Tjatjuk Sadariyanto INDOSAT 20. Prof. Ir. Ketut Karsa Jurusan Tehnik Elektro Fak. Tehnologi Industri ITB 21. Drs. Aziz Tahir FISIPOL UGM - YOGYAKARTA 22. Drs. Bambang Siswanto UNS 23. Yusack Susanto BAKIN 24. Muhadi, SH BAKIN 25. Letkol Drs. Dedy Pardin Puspen ABRI 26. Letkol Djoko Sukono Dispen Humas Kopkamtib 27. Kolonel Hadi Supeno Kadispenum Puspen ABRI 28. Syamsu Sugito 29. BPPT 30. Ketua STP - Jakarta 31. Gubernur Lemhanas 32. Ir. T. Sirasnjuntak ELNUSA. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

^ • fit < J,. )1) DLPAHIM! N! Ul l!JI (.IHMAIION ISKI AMIC V%^ rrp% SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : CLSKV QJ$) Vygg? THE CC)MMUNICATIO N EQUALISER NOVFrMBi:^ ."-• - 30 1984 ^i£=s>

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No. N A M A IN ST A is'SI/ORG A N15 AS I

E. I.G.C.

1. Nigeria. 2. Cyprus.

II. PENINJAU 1. H. Ismail Hassan Metareum,SH Ketua Komisi I DPR. 2. M.N. Supomo, Ka Kanwil Deppen DKI Jakarta 3. Prof. Dr. Don Flananoy TVRI Jakarta k. Mr. Hienz Bendt FES Representative Jakarta 5. Kamaluddin, SH Kepala Biro Perencanaan 6. Drs. Atang Syamsudin ISKI Cabang Bandung 7. Drs. Supriyadi R.S ISKI Cabang Semarang 8. Drs. Djoko Tri Siswadi ISKI Cabang Surakarta 9. ISKI Cabang Jakarta 10. Drs, Bambang Setiawan ISKI Cabang Yogyakarta 11. ISKI Cabang Manado 12. Drs, Hapid ISKI Cabang Ujung Pandang 13. Drs, Edi Suyono ISKI Cabang Ujung Pandang ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library DEPARTMENT OF INrOHMATION - ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVEMBER :;': 30. 1984 :..URAKAR > A INDONESIA

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NO. N A M A INSTANSI / ORGANISASI

III. i P A N I T I A ! I A. PANITIA PENYELENGGARA • 1. Dr. M. Alwi Dahlan ISKI - Pusat 2. Drs. H. Subrata Dirjen RTF Deppen RI 3. Dr. Astrid Susanto ISKI - PUsat / Bappenas 4. H. Sukarno, SH Dirjen PPG Deppen RI 5. Vijay Menon AMIC 6. Willy Laluyan Direktur Pembinaan Pers 7. Drs. Syafriel Salim ISKI - PUSAT 8. Djunaedi, SH Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 9. E. Somantri, BA Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 10. Drs. Sudirwan Sekretaris Ditjen PPG 11. Ir. A r i f i n Direktur Televisi 12. Ir. B. Sembiring Sekretaris Ditjen RTF 13. Dra. Roos Anwar ISKI - Pusat

B. PANITIA PELAKSANA DAERAH 1. Gokki Sugeng Ka Kanwil Deppen Jawa Tengah 2. Drs. Parwoto ISKI Cabang Surakarta 3. Drs. Wachudi Talkum Ka Kandeppen Kodya Surakarta 4. Dra. Evie S. Ibrahim ISKI Cabang Semarang 5. Drs. Bambang Setiawan ISKI Cabang Yogyakarta 6. S. Bedjo Oetomo Kepsta rri Surakarta 7. H.S. Soemaryono Direktur Monumen Pers Nasional 8. Drs. Sudaryanto Ka Kanwil Deppen D.I. Yogyakarta ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

DEPAHIMLNI Ol INIOHMAIION ISKI AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVPMBEH ?'., 30 1984 SURAKAH i A INDONESIA

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NO. N A M A INSTANSI / ORGANISASI

C. STAF SEKRETARIAT PANITIA PUSAT

1. Sukarta Sastramulyana,BA Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 2. Widodo, B.Sc. Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 3. Subur Cahyo Irianto Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 4. Ir. Sukarno Direktorat Radio 5. Bunyamin Rachman, BA Direktorat Radio 6. J. Suprapto Direktorat Radio 7. B. Sulistiyo Direktorat Radio 8. Wahid Usman Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 9. Drs. Ben Berlin Nadeak Direktorat Pembinaan Kewartawanan 10. Akmam Ami r, B.B.A. Sekretariat I.G.C. 11. Petrus Bewa Rowa, BA Sekretariat Ditjen PPG 12. Drs. Jhon C. Polhaupessy Sekretariat Ditjen RTF 13. Utju Kusmantri Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 14. Sutardja Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 15. J. Luckman Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 16. Drs. Mony Manangka, M,Sc, Sekretariat I.G.C. 17. Vita Parti, BA Direktorat Pembinaan Pers 18. Siswadi, BA Kepsta RRI Nusantara II D.I. Yogyakarta 19. Djaslan, BA Kepsta TVRI D.I. Yogyakarta 20. Tia Adhitama ISKI - Pusat (MC & Notulis) 21. Drs. S u n o t o ISKI - Pusat (Persidangan) 22. Udun Suryatna ISKI - Pusat (Persidangan) 23. Bambang Wiswaluyo, BA Sekretariat Ditjen PPG 24. Drs. Suwartono Sekretariat Ditjen PPG 25. A. Dakwan Jurutik 26. Bronto D. Jurutik ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

L)LI'AHI!.;MJ! ()l I1JI (.'liMAilUN ISKI A MIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVI MBI.M ;•' 30. 1984 lUiiAr-/..---: • •j'Xjr^iSiA

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No. KAMA INSTAflSl/ORGANISASI

IV. ROMBONGAN MENTERl PEiMERANGAN RI

• 1. H. Harmoko 2. Drs. Imam Trijono, Sh 3» Sukanto 4. Mrwan Hakim 5. Haryo Budiono • 6« Supardi

V. LAlW-LAlN 1. Crew TVRI Jakarta 2. - idem - 3. Trias Kuncahyono SK Suara Karya Jakarta k» Ichwan Syam. SK Pelita Jakarta ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION - ISKI - AMIC SEMINAR ON SATELLITE : THE COMMUNICATION EQUALISER NOVEMBER 25-30. 1984 SURAKARTA - INDONESIA

REKAPITULASI

I. PESERTA

A. AM I C , lit orang B. UNESCO , 1 orang C. ISKI - PUSAT 11 orang D. ISKI - CABANG 7 orang E. DEPARTEMEN / INSTANSI , 29 orang F. I.G.C 2 orang 64 orang

II. PENINJAU 13 orang

III. PANITIA A. PANITIA PENYELENGGARA 13 orang B. PANITIA PELAKSANA DAERAH 8 orang C. STAF SEKRETARIAT PANITIA PUSAT 26 orang 47 orang

IV. ROMBONGAN MENTERI PENERANGAN RI 6 orang

V. LAIN - LAIN 4 orang JUMLAH KESELURUHANNYA 134 orang A T T COUNTRY REPORTS E N T I O N :

T h

NO. COUNTRY SPEAKERS ORGANISATIONS e

S i n g a p o r

1. Indonesia Dr. Astrid Susanto ISKI/Bappenas e

C o p y r i g h

2. t Thailand Sethaporn Cusripituck Planning Division Post and A c

Telegraph Dept. t

a p p l i e s

t o

3. Philippines Ramon Espiritu Domestic Satellite Philippines t h e

u s e

o f

t 4. Singapore Goh Boon Wan Telecom, Singapore h i s

d o c u m e n

5. Malaysia Subhi bin Mhd. Sayuti Telecom, Malaysia t .

N a n y a n g

T e c h n o l o g i c a l

U n i v e r s i t y

L i b r a r y TECHNICAL PAPERS A T T E N T I O N :

NO. SUBJECTS SPEAKERS ORGANISATIONS/INSTITUTIONS T h e

S i n g

1. Satellite technology: K.P. Galligan European Space Agency, Paris a p o

the state of the art r e

C o p y

2. The Palapa Satellite: r Ir. Sukarno Abdulrachman Director General Post and i g h

National and Regional t

Telecommunication, Indonesia A

Equaliser c t

a p p l i

3. Satellite receiver ground Prof. Aitchison Macquarie University, Australia e s

stations: Low Cost Option t o

t h e

4. Satellite communications N. Sampath Space> Application Center, India u s e

and the Indian experience o f

t h i s

5. Satellite communications Shinichi Ishii Radio NHK, Tokyo d o

and their use for broadcast c u m e n t

6. Satellite communications: Graham Davey International Telecommunication .

The Pacific Experience Union Indonesia a n y a n g

7. Harnessing satellite Matsutada Nakayama Kyodo News Service, Japan T e

technology for the press c h n o l o

8. Satellite technology Dr. Richard Dell TV Station German g i c

the future a l

U n i v

9. Facts and Issues Concerning Prof.Dr. Priyatna Expert Staff, Minister Coordinator e r s i

the Geostationary Orbit Abdurrasyid, SH of Political Affairs and National t y

Security i b r a r y ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

SEMINAR ON SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY: THE COMMUNICATIONS EQUALISER

November 26 - 29, 1984 Solo, Indonesia

Participants (AMIC Invitees Only)

1. Mr. Sethaporn Cusripituck Director, Planning Division / Post & Telegraph Department Soi Sai Lorn, Paholyothin Road Bangkok 10400, Thailand

2. Mr. Graham Davey Area Representative International Telecommunications Union Jakarta, Indonesia

3. Mr. Ramon Espiritu System Operations Manager Domestic Satellite Philippines, Inc. 9th Floor, Telecoms Plaza Building Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue Makati, Metro-Manila, Philippines

J<^ Mr. Goh Boon/Hah Engineer / International Media Development 25th Storey, Concentre 31,/Exeter Road Singapore 0923

Mr. N. Sampath Head, Planning & Projects Group CSD, Space Applications Centre Ahmedabad 380-053 India

J&ZQ Encik Subhi bin Mhd. Sayuti Deputy Director-General (Engineering) Radio-TV Malaysia Angkasapuri, Kuala Lumpur 22-10 Malaysia

?/ Mr. Shinichi Ishii / Satellite News Coordinator Foreign News Department Radio NHK, 2-2-1 Jinnam Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

8/} Mr. Mitsutada Nakayama / Supervisor, Cable 4 Radio Section Kyodo News Service 2, Aoi-cho, Akasaka Minato-ku Tokyo, Japan ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

9^--£ Mr. K.P. Galligan * European Space Agency 9, Rue Mario Nikis F. 75738, Paris Cedex 15 France

1-flT* Dr. Richard Dill / German Radio-TV Station Munich Federal Republic of Germany

]^L7 Mr. John Howkiiis Executive Director International Institute of Communications Tavistock House South Tavistock Square, London WCIH 9LF England

^ Prof. A.E. Aitchison \0 Professor of Electronics Macquarie University School of Mathematics & Physics North Ryde, New South Wales 2113 Australia

13. f| Mr. Vijay Menon Secretary-General Amic / 39, Newton Road ^ V Singapore ...1130"" i*-. Mr. Adlai J. Amor \S Senior Programme Specialist Amic r"39, Newton? Road^ _, / ^Singapore 1130^-> , ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

SPEECH BY THE MINISTER OF INFORMATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF THE OPENING CEREMONY OF THE SEMINAR ON THE USE OF THE SATELLITE AS A COMMUNICATION EQUALISER IN SURAKARTA

I have a great pleasure in welcoming to Indonesia and to the city of Surakarta, the distinguished participants to this seminar, in particular our most eminent guests from abroad. I would like, to begin with taking this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude for all the efforts that have been made to get this Seminar organised. It is a great honour for Indonesia to have been elected as the host for the occasion. 1 am glad to observe that, over the years the role of communication in human affairs has continued to gain wider recognition nationally as well as internationally. As the interest in communication grows, so do correspond ingly the activities in this field, and our presence here today testifies to this trend. I think, this current Seminar is important for two main reasons; it is a communication meeting among national and international communicators including members of the Indonesian Association of University Graduates majoring in Communication (ISKI), members of the Department of Information, expert members of AMIC, and communica tion scientists and experts from Europe, Asia and Australia, as well as a representative of the UN Specialised Agency- ITU. It is also my honour to welcome in our midst the distinguised communicators from two member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, Nigeria and Cyprus. The Seminar is also important because it deals with the latest means of modern technology, the satellite. I remember only a few occasions in which an international gathering of this sort, held in this country, tries to grapple with the implications that satellite technology might have on the problem of communication.

Ladies and Gentlemen, I am proud to say that this very building in which we perform today's opening ceremony of the seminar bears witness to another historic momentum in the development of communication. Thirty eight years ago in 1946, in the midst of our physical struggle to defend the national independence we had proclaimed, this building saw the birth of an association of communicators, the Association of Indonesian Journalists (PWI), thereby bearing witness to a historic momentum involving the contribution of the press to the national struggle for freedom. For this reason, as I stand here on this rostrum, I cannot help to see the symbolic significance of this building as representing milestones of the past, the present, and the future. Now, we are dealing with the future which the satellite inevitably represents. At least we can say, we are in a twilight-kind of situation in which the ingredients of the present determine the possibilities of the future.

Ladies and Getlemen, I take a great deal of interest in the theme of the Seminar which postulates the satellite as a communication equaliser. As 1 ponder upon the validity of the postulate, I cannot help thinking of our experience in 1976 when we launched our first domestic satellite. I must say in retrospect, that it was a very wise step to do what we did. Our people were generally elated and proud of the feat. The comments I came across in the foreign press, however, were not always favourable. In a newspaper article the argument was advanced whether Indonesia could really afford to have a satellite of her own. According to the article, it was much better for Indonesia to build hospitals and schools for the people rather than to spend the money on expensive satellites. After a while it became obvious that the advantages of having a satellite by far outweighed the disadvantages. Being the largest archipelago in the world, Indonesia consists of five main islands and about 30 smaller archi pelagoes totalling 13,677 islands and isles of which about 6,000 are inhabited. Its land area is slightly more than 1,900,000 square km, while its sea area is about four times larger. Its territory stretches out 3,200 km from the west

! ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library

to the east, covering about the same distance as that between London and Moscow. Its population is now about 150 million. The satellite has linked all these islands together. It also links the 300 of so ethnic groups who speak 250 local languages or dialects, although they have only national language, the Indonesian language. In "physical" terms the link is manifested among other things in easier telephone connections between the islands, a wider coverage of radio and television broadcasts, and so on. Of far greater importance, however, is the link in terms of the mind of the people. The satellite has con tributed, to no little extent, to developing a greater sense of unity, a greater sense of national consciousness, and a greater sense of nationhood. The satellite provides the catalyst that helps our people to consolidate their archipelagic outlook to the effect that the archipelago, in political, economic and cultural terms, is a single entity. The satellite also provides the catalyst that helps our people to appreciate the values inherent in our Pancasila Democracy, a democracy based on the five principles making up the philosophical foundation of our State. In daily life, Pancasila Democracy is reflected in an attitude and a way of life (of the people) which upholds the spirit and the practice of mutual deliberations to arrive at a consensus of opinion. In my opinion, it has been the power of communication, which has in final analysis moulded to a large degree the common outlook of the Indonesian people in terms that I have just described. In other words, the role of the satellite as a communication equaliser has been vindicated in the Indonesian example beyond any doubt. I can say in this respect, we have not even been aware at the outset, of the potentials that the satellite could generate in terms of moulding public opinion. Ladies and Gentlemen, In the meantime, the development of technology including that of communication, has proceeded at full speed. In Indonesia the Palapa A-1I satellite was launched on March 11, 1977. When we were about to enter the year 1983, we launched another domestic satellite, the Palapa-B 1, while in 1986 the Palapa-B 2 is scheduled to be re-launched, following the failure of its first launch. Whereas the Palapa A I and A II are equipped with 12 transponder each, the Palapa-B 1 is equipped with 24 transponder. More powerful satellites should produce more powerful communication. This in turn should cover a wider range of equalisers. In a territory the size of Indonesia, with 27 provinces, 290 regencies, 3500 sub-districts, and 69000 villages, it is not a luxury to have the kind of satellites that we have. We have had for many years to face the challenge of redressing the imbalances in the flow of communication between the cities and the rural areas which are represented by the 69000 villages spread across the whole length and width of the archipelago. It is only logical that the communication policy of the Indonesian government has been steadfastly oriented to the rural areas through the use of all available media including television, radio, rural press and traditional means of mass-communication. The satellite as communication equaliser fits very nicely in the whole set-up of the exercise, since a simultaneous coverage of the rural areas within the framework of a step-by-step and orderly is of fundamental importance to prevent waste of time and energy.

Ladies and Gentlemen, In the international scene, meanwhile, the pace of technological development is even faster. We are now entering the Era of the Direct Broadcasting Satellite System the implications of which, in so far they affect the interests of the developing countries are still being thoroughly studied. In this country, the Department of Information has paid a great deal of attention to the development and the use of the satellite for broadcasting purposes. In order to obtain as much input material as possible on the character of the broadcasting satellite, Department of Information has in the past held two Seminars on the Position of Indonesia in Anticipating the Era of the Direct Broadcasting Satellite System. Taking into consideration the decisions or the recommendations of the Seminars, one would know the positive as well as the negative impacts brought about by the use of DBS. The problems to be dealt with in the implementation of the Seminar's results include the hardware and the software problems. The possibility of a spillover was also a subject under discussion.

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Ladies and Gentlemen, In the era of the DBS, in particular the IDBS, the dimension of the problem shifts to the relationship between the developed and the developing countries. In this respect, the developing countries always find themselves in a disadvantageous position. They have to race against time. Tliis is understandable for the following reasons : 1. The capacity of the developing countries in managing high technology instruments is still relatively limited. 2. The basic requirements in handling modern technology are vastly different than what is required for traditional or intermediate technology. For the fonner category of requirements, it is essential that, capital investment apart, skilled and experienced people who know how to handle the complexities of modern management should do the job. And developing countries have a dire shortage of these kinds of people. 3. The developing countries have to face the difficult challenge of choosing, mastering, and putting to effective use a technology, within the context of its eventual transfer, which best suits the objective needs of each coun try concerned. 4. The ability to process the natural resources essential to support the development of a particular technology to an optimum degree, is still limited with developing countries. As a result, they continue to be dependent on developed countries for their support. 5. In the meantime, the developed countries do not stop, and even accellerate instead, their efforts to develop their creative capacities to preserve their supremacy in the field of high technology management, in particular the technology of satellite communication. These are the realities of the situation. These are the preoccupations of the developing countries. The realities are there to stay, no matter what we do or do not do.

Ladies and Gentlemen, As Chairman of the Intergovernmental Council for the Coordination of Information and Communication of the Non-Aligned Countries, it is my duty to help find a solution to the imbalances that exist in the flow of infor mation and communication between the developed and the developing world. These imbalances, or this gap, how ever, tends to become wider rather than narrower with every passing year. It is a real dilemma which we are con fronted with under the circumstances. Nonetheless, as I have said before in the context of the theme of this Seminar, the validity of the postulate that the satellite is indeed a communication equaliser has been established. The satellite of the developed countries are no different position that the Palapa or any domestic satellite of any other country. They also serve the purpose of equalising communication. Why is it that they don't fulfill their mission ? Why do they not act as equalisers in the real sense of the word ? I cannot help being reminded by what President Soeharto had said in a speech he delivered some time ago. It was to the effect that one can live peacefully and happily with science and knowledge. However, with the same science and knowledge people can live under stress and in poverty. Science and knowledge are themselves neutral. They serve a useful purpose in the hands of people who want to see other people live peacefully and happily. "They can also be unbecoming in the hands of people who want to see other people live under stress and in poverty," said President Soeharto.

It is the people behind the satellite who decide, whether it is, or is not, to serve the purpose of a communica tion equaliser. Therefore, I would like on this very occasion to appeal to developed and developing countries alike, let us work together to make what this Seminar pins down as the theme of its deliberations, the satellite as communication equaliser, a joint success for all of us, for all peoples in the world.

Thank you, and I declare this Seminar on The Satellite as Communication Equaliser is officially open.