The Crane Fly Vs. the Mosquito! Mosquito Crane

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Crane Fly Vs. the Mosquito! Mosquito Crane The Crane Fly vs. The Mosquito! A Case of Mistaken Identity: A Crane Fly is not a Giant Mosquito! Mosquito Crane Fly It looks like a super-sized mosquito and it’s flying around your living room. Fatally attracted to light, these huge insects may cause panic upon first sight. Despite appearances, however, this seemingly dangerous insect is most likely a harmless common crane fly and not a mosquito at all. Common crane flies appear to be enlarged versions of many mosquito species, but there are several ways to tell them apart. The easiest way is by size. A mosquito is extremely small, measuring about ¼ - ½ inches in length. The common crane fly is between 1 – 1 ½ inches by comparison. Some crane fly species can even reach up to three inches! Another difference is that the crane fly will have a slender, V-shaped abdomen with long legs. This body shape makes crane flies poor fliers, and they usually wobble in the air. Mosquitoes, on the other hand, are agile and move quickly when flying. It is important to differentiate between these two bugs because mosquitoes transmit diseases like West Nile virus, encephalitis and Malaria, killing millions of people worldwide each year. Crane flies cannot bite and they do not carry diseases. As larvae, they may consume roots and vegetation while they are growing, but this is the extent of the damage they cause. In correctly called ‘mosquito eaters’ or ‘mosquito hawks’, crane flies actually feed on nectar or nothing at all in adult form. A crane fly’s sole purpose as an adult is to mate and die. Despite many misconceptions, crane flies neither hurt nor help humans. They can be a household pest, but they are not a cause for concern, especially when compared to their killer mosquito counterparts. To protect yourself from mosquito bites and the diseases they carry, remember to dump and drain stagnant water around your home because that’s where mosquitoes breed. Wear long sleeve shirts and pants when outdoors, especially between dusk and dawn. Using CDC approved insect repellent containing DEET will also keep mosquitoes from biting you. .
Recommended publications
  • The Stalk-Eyed Fly As a Model for Aggression – Is There a Conserved Role for 5-HT Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates? Andrew N
    © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb132159. doi:10.1242/jeb.132159 COMMENTARY The stalk-eyed fly as a model for aggression – is there a conserved role for 5-HT between vertebrates and invertebrates? Andrew N. Bubak1, Michael J. Watt2, Jazmine D. W. Yaeger3, Kenneth J. Renner3 and John G. Swallow4,* ABSTRACT Takahashi et al., 2012). In stalk-eyed flies, 5-HT appears to mediate Serotonin (5-HT) has largely been accepted to be inhibitory to appropriate behavioral responses upon perception of aggressive vertebrate aggression, whereas an opposing stimulatory role has signals (Bubak et al., 2014a). been proposed for invertebrates. Herein, we argue that critical gaps in 5-HT, 5-HT receptor structure and function, and the 5-HT our understanding of the nuanced role of 5-HT in invertebrate systems transporter (SERT), which removes 5-HT from the synaptic cleft to drove this conclusion prematurely, and that emerging data suggest a terminate 5-HT signaling (Fig. 1), are phylogenetically conserved previously unrecognized level of phylogenetic conservation with (Blenau and Baumann, 2001; Martin and Krantz, 2014). Despite this, respect to neurochemical mechanisms regulating the expression of 5-HT appears to play generally opposing roles in the generation of the aggressive behaviors. This is especially apparent when considering the complex behaviors associated with aggression in invertebrates and interplay among factors governing 5-HT activity, many of which share vertebrates (see Table S1). However, we propose that this seemingly functional homology across taxa. We discuss recent findings using contrasting role of 5-HT may be an overly simplistic generalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Syrphid Flies
    Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory Ent-200-18PR February 2019 Beneficial Predators: Syrphid Flies Steven Price, Carbon Co. Extension • Ron Patterson, University of Idaho, Bonneville Co. Extension DESCRIPTION What you should know Eggs are oblong, white or grey with a lace-like pattern • Syrphid flies are common residents in agricultural on the surface, and measure around 1/16 inch long. areas, gardens, and home landscapes providing They are laid singly on plants often near dense colonies pollination services. of prey which are located by females by olfactory, • Larvae of syrphid flies are important beneficial visual, and tactile cues. predators of soft-bodied pests providing naturally Larvae can be found living among their prey, although occurring pest control. are sometimes misidentified as pests, such as sawfly • Syrphid flies cannot be purchased commercially larvae, slugs, alfalfa weevil larvae, or different kinds of but populations can be conserved by reducing caterpillars (Table 1). Syrphid fly larvae have a tapered broad-spectrum pesticide use. anterior which lacks an external head capsule. The flattened rear has two small breathing holes (spiracles). Larvae are semi-translucent, often being striped or Syrphid (pronounced ‘sir-fid’) flies, also known as hover mottled in shades of white, green, tan, or brown with flies or flower flies, commonly occur in field crops, additional small bumps or spikes (Fig. 1). Being 1/16 inch orchards, gardens and home landscapes. They are long upon hatching, they are typically less than 1/2 inch members of the Syrphidae family. They are “true flies” long once they are full-sized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Flies of Maine
    THE BLACK FLIES OF MAINE L.S. Bauer and J. Granett Department of Entomology University of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME 04469 Maine Life Sciences and Agriculture Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 95 May 1979 LS-\ F.\PFRi\ii-Nr Si \IION TK HNK \I BUI I HIN 9? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. Ivan McDaniel for his involvement in the USDA-funding of this project. We thank him for his assistance at the beginning of this project in loaning us literature, equipment, and giving us pointers on taxonomy. He also aided the second author on a number of collection trips and identified a number of collection specimens. We thank Edward R. Bauer, Lt. Lewis R. Boobar, Mr. Thomas Haskins. Ms. Leslie Schimmel, Mr. James Eckler, and Mr. Jan Nyrop for assistance in field collections, sorting, and identifications. Mr. Ber- nie May made the electrophoretic identifications. This project was supported by grant funds from the United States Department of Agriculture under CSRS agreement No. 616-15-94 and Regional Project NE 118, Hatch funds, and the Maine Towns of Brad­ ford, Brownville. East Millinocket, Enfield, Lincoln, Millinocket. Milo, Old Town. Orono. and Maine counties of Penobscot and Piscataquis, and the State of Maine. The electrophoretic work was supported in part by a faculty research grant from the University of Maine at Orono. INTRODUCTION Black flies have been long-time residents of Maine and cause exten­ sive nuisance problems for people, domestic animals, and wildlife. The black fly problem has no simple solution because of the multitude of species present, the diverse and ecologically sensitive habitats in which they are found, and the problems inherent in measuring the extent of the damage they cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Backyard Mosquito Management Practices That Do Not Poison You Or the Environment by Becky Crouse
    A BEYOND PESTlClDES FACT SHEET O A BEYOND PESTlClDES FACT SHEET O A BEYOND PESTlClDES FACT SHEET Backyard Mosquito Management Practices that do not poison you or the environment By Becky Crouse irst and foremost, let’s get a couple of things straight. (1995), pgs. 17-29). He has continually questioned the effi- Mosquito management does NOT mean dousing your- cacy of spray-based strategies against mosquitoes, conduct- Fself and your kin in your favorite DEET product and ing research for several cities in the mid-1980s. then stepping out to enjoy the local wildlife. It is not swat- ting at the suckers as they bite you. And it is not investing in Life Cycle of a Skeeter one of those full-body net suits for your next camping trip. To manage mosquitoes, you have to get rid of the situa- There are more than 2,500 different species of mosquitoes in the tions that are attracting them to your world, 150 of which occur in the U.S. property, and, if you detect any and a only small fraction of which ac- breeding activity, kill them before tually transmit disease. they become adults. That’s called Mosquitoes go through four LARVACIDE! stages in their life cycle – egg, larva, So what then do mosquitoes pupa, and adult. Eggs can be laid ei- need? Why are they finding your ther one at a time or in rafts and float backyard so darn attractive? They on the surface of the water. Culex and need suitable aquatic breeding habi- Culiseta species stick their eggs to- tats in order to complete their life gether in rafts of 200 or more, which cycle (a.k.a they need water).
    [Show full text]
  • Tachinidae, Tachinid Flies
    Beneficial Insects Class Insecta, Insects Order Diptera, Flies, gnats, and midges Diptera means “two wings,” and true flies bear only one pair of functional wings. Flies are one of the largest insect groups, with approximately 35 families that contain predatory or parasitic species. All flies have piercing/sucking/sponging mouthparts. Tachinid flies Family Tachinidae Description and life history: This is a large and important family, with up to 1300 native parasitoid species in North America and additional introduced species to help control foreign pests. These flies vary in color, size, and shape but most resemble houseflies. Adults are usually gray, black, or striped, and hairy. Adults lay eggs on plants to be consumed by hosts, or they glue eggs to the outside of hosts, so the maggots can burrow into the host. Rarely will tachinids insert eggs into host bodies. Tachinid flies develop rapidly within their host and pupate in 4–14 days. By the time they emerge, they have killed their host. Many species have several generations a year, although some are limited by hosts with a single annual generation. Prey species: Most tachinid flies attack caterpillars and adult and larval beetles, although others specialize on Tachinid fly adult. (327) sawfly larvae, true bugs, grasshoppers, or other insects. Photo: John Davidson Lydella thompsoni is a parasitoid of European corn borer, Voria ruralis attacks cabbage looper caterpillars, Myiopharus doryphorae attacks Colorado potato beetle larvae, and Istocheta aldrichi parasitizes adult Japanese beetles. Although these are very important natural en- emies, none is available commercially. IPM of Midwest Landscapes 263.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects Commonly Mistaken for Mosquitoes
    Mosquito Proboscis (Figure 1) THE MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE ABOUT CONTRA COSTA INSECTS Mosquitoes have four distinct developmental stages: MOSQUITO & VECTOR egg, larva, pupa and adult. The average time a mosquito takes to go from egg to adult is five to CONTROL DISTRICT COMMONLY Photo by Sean McCann by Photo seven days. Mosquitoes require water to complete Protecting Public Health Since 1927 their life cycle. Prevent mosquitoes from breeding by Early in the 1900s, Northern California suffered MISTAKEN FOR eliminating or managing standing water. through epidemics of encephalitis and malaria, and severe outbreaks of saltwater mosquitoes. At times, MOSQUITOES EGG RAFT parts of Contra Costa County were considered Most mosquitoes lay egg rafts uninhabitable resulting in the closure of waterfront that float on the water. Each areas and schools during peak mosquito seasons. raft contains up to 200 eggs. Recreational areas were abandoned and Realtors had trouble selling homes. The general economy Within a few days the eggs suffered. As a result, residents established the Contra hatch into larvae. Mosquito Costa Mosquito Abatement District which began egg rafts are the size of a grain service in 1927. of rice. Today, the Contra Costa Mosquito and Vector LARVA Control District continues to protect public health The larva or ÒwigglerÓ comes with environmentally sound techniques, reliable and to the surface to breathe efficient services, as well as programs to combat Contra Costa County is home to 23 species of through a tube called a emerging diseases, all while preserving and/or mosquitoes. There are also several types of insects siphon and feeds on bacteria enhancing the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Horse Insect Control Guide
    G950 (Revised March 2006) Horse Insect Control Guide John B. Campbell, Extension Entomologist feeds on blood. The fly bites inflict pain to the animal which Insects that bother horses, and ways to treat responds by foot stamping and tail switching in an effort to them, are covered here. dislodge the fly. House flies have a sponging type mouthpart and feed only on secretions of the animal around the eyes, nostrils and Nebraskans keep horses for a number of different rea­ anal openings. They are annoying to the animal even though sons. Some are for 4-H projects and urban users (recreation­ they don’t bite. al), ranch and farm (work), breeding farms, and racing. Both these fly species can transmit a nematode parasite Some of the insect pests of horses are also pests of other (Habronema spp.) to horses. The nematode is transmitted livestock. Other insects are specific to horses, but may be either through a feeding wound, or internally if the horse pests only on farm and ranch horses. swallows a fly. The best methods of pest control vary depending upon The nematode tunnels through the skin (cutaneous the type of horse production. tissues) of the horse, causing ulcerative sores (habroneiniasis or summer sores). The sores begin as small papules which Caution become encrusted. They are most often found on the shoulders, chest, neck, and inner surfaces of the rear quarters Use only insecticides that are USDA approved and EPA and tail. registered for use on horses. Wettable powder (WP) formula­ Localized treatment with a phosphate insecticide labeled tions are generally preferred over emulsifiable-concentrates for use on horses usually destroys the nematode.
    [Show full text]
  • Chironomid Midge and Mosquito Risk Assessment Guide for Constructed Water Bodies
    Chironomid midge and mosquito risk assessment guide for constructed water bodies Chironomid midge and mosquito risk assessment guide for constructed water bodies August 2007 Chironomid midge and mosquito risk assessment guide for constructed water bodies Acknowledgments This document has been developed by representatives from the Midge Research Group of Western Australia, including people with expertise in midge and mosquito management, as well as water body design and maintenance. In particular the contribution of the following people is gratefully acknowledged. Neil Harries (City of Gosnells) Sue Harrington (Department of Health) Dr Jenny Davis (Murdoch University) Ian Barker (formerly City of Rockingham) Paddy Strano (formerly City of Cockburn) Peter Morrison (formerly City of Canning) Daniel Rajah (City of Stirling) James Henson (City of Rockingham) This document is continually being reviewed and as such we welcome your feedback. Comments can be sent to the City of Cockburn at [email protected] Additional copies of this document can be downloaded from http://www.cockburn.wa.gov.au/midges/index.html Foreword This risk assessment guide has been developed to provide assistance to Approving Agencies, Developers and Landscape Designers in assessing design characteristics of proposed and existing Constructed Water Bodies. This document has been endorsed by the Department of Water, Department of Health and the Water Corporation. It is intended to provide a balance to minimising the potential for midge and mosquito breeding whilst at the same time endeavouring to allow flexibility in design and construction options. The guide provides a risk rating to various design parameters and users should select the most appropriate description of the proposed water body.
    [Show full text]
  • ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very
    ROBBER-FLIES and EMPIDS Asilus ROBBER-FLIES Asilidae. Very bristly predatory flies that head from front generally chase and catch other insects in mid-air. Most species sit in wait and dart out when likely prey appears. The prey is then sucked dry with the stout proboscis, which projects horizontally or obliquely forward. There is a deep groove between the eyes in both sexes, the eyes never touching even in males. A 'beard' on the face protects eyes from struggling prey. Legs are sturdy and have 2 pads at most. Wings folded flat over body at rest. Larvae eat some dead vegetable matter, but most are at least partly predatory and some feed mainly on beetle and fly grubs in the soil. Asilus with prey As Asi/us crabroniformis. An unmistakable fly - one of the largest in B - inhabiting open country 7-10. A very strong flier. Breeds in cow pats and other dung. Dasypogon diadema. First 2 long veins both reach wing margin: wing membrane ribbed. Front tibia has curved spine at tip. Male more uniformly black, with dark wings. 6-8 in scrubby places, especially coastal dunes. S. ;., Leptogaster cylindrica. Feet without pads. Hind femur yellow. 3rd antennal segment ends in bristle. One of the slimmest robber-flies, it resembles a crane-fly in flight. It hunts in grassy places, flying slowly and plucking aphids from the grasses. 5-8. A L. guttiventris is similar but has reddish hind femur. 85 Dioctria atricapi/la. First 2 long veins reach margin. Beard rather sparse and, as in all Oioctria species, the antennae spring from a prominence high on the head.
    [Show full text]
  • West Nile Virus (WNV) Fact Sheet
    West Nile Virus (WNV) Fact Sheet What Is West Nile Virus? How Does West Nile Virus Spread? West Nile virus infection can cause serious disease. WNV is ▪ Infected Mosquitoes. established as a seasonal epidemic in North America that WNV is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. flares up in the summer and continues into the fall. This Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on fact sheet contains important information that can help infected birds. Infected mosquitoes can then spread you recognize and prevent West Nile virus. WNV to humans and other animals when they bite. What Can I Do to Prevent WNV? ▪ Transfusions, Transplants, and Mother-to-Child. In a very small number of cases, WNV also has been The easiest and best way to avoid WNV is to prevent spread directly from an infected person through blood mosquito bites. transfusions, organ transplants, breastfeeding and ▪ When outdoors, use repellents containing DEET, during pregnancy from mother to baby. picaridin, IR3535, some oil of lemon eucalyptus or para- Not through touching. menthane-diol. Follow the directions on the package. ▪ WNV is not spread through casual contact such as ▪ Many mosquitoes are most active from dusk to dawn. touching or kissing a person with the virus. Be sure to use insect repellent and wear long sleeves and pants at these times or consider staying indoors How Soon Do Infected People Get Sick? during these hours. People typically develop symptoms between 3 and 14 days after they are bitten by the infected mosquito. ▪ Make sure you have good screens on your windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out.
    [Show full text]
  • Aedes Aegypti Distribution by State 3
    Vector Hazard Report: Pictorial Guide to CONUS Zika Virus Vectors Information gathered from products of The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU) VectorMap Systematic Catalogue of the Culicidae 1 Table of Contents 1. Notes on the biology of Zika virus vectors 2. Aedes aegypti Distribution by State 3. Aedes albopictus Distribution by State 4. Overview of Mosquito Body Parts 5. General Information: Aedes aegypti 6. General Information : Aedes albopictus 7. Taxonomic Keys 8. References 2 Aedes aegypti Distribution by State Collections Reported 3 Aedes albopictus Distribution by State Collections Reported 4 Notes on the Biology of Zika Virus Vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, chikungunya & Zika viruses, are originally of African and Asian origin, respectively. The spread of these two species around the world in the past 50 years is well documented and facilitated by a unique life trait: their eggs can survive desiccation. This trait allows eggs laid by these species to travel undetected in receptacles like used tires, or lucky bamboo plants, which are distributed throughout the world. When these receptacles are wetted (e.g. by rain), the larva emerge and grow to adults in their new environment. In temperate or tropical environments conditions are highly suitable for populations to quickly become established, as these mosquitoes have done in Brazil and nearly every other country in North, Central and South America. Compounding this problem is that these mosquito species are capable of ovarian viral transmission – meaning that if the mother is infected with a virus, she can pass it on to her offspring through her eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Canonical Odor Coding Ensures Unbreakable Mosquito Attraction to Humans
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.07.368720; this version posted November 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Non-canonical odor coding ensures unbreakable mosquito attraction to humans Meg A. Younger1,2,7*, Margaret Herre1,2,7*, Alison R. Ehrlich1,4, Zhongyan Gong1,5, Zachary N. Gilbert1, Saher Rahiel1, Benjamin J. Matthews1,3,6, Leslie B. Vosshall1,2,3* SUMMARY Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes show strong innate attraction to humans. This chemosensory behavior is critical to species survival because females require a blood- meal to reproduce. Humans, the preferred host of Ae. aegypti, produce a complex blend of odor cues along with carbon dioxide (CO2) that attracts females ready to bite. Mosquitoes detect these cues with heteromeric ligand-gated ion channels encoded by three different chemosensory receptor gene families. A common theme in other species is that olfactory neurons express a single receptor that defines their chemical specificity and that they ex- tend axons that converge upon dedicated glomeruli in the first sensory processing center in the brain. Such an organization permits the brain to segregate olfactory information and monitor activity of individual glomeruli to interpret what smell has been encountered. We have discovered that Ae. aegypti uses an entirely different organizational principle for its olfactory system. Using genetic strains that label subpopulations of olfactory neurons, we found that many neurons co-express multiple members of at least two of the chemosen- sory receptor families.
    [Show full text]