ANURA WIJESEKARA
Horticultural Crops Research and Development Institute, Sri Lanka
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA: APIFORMIS) OF SRI LANKA
Wijesekara, A. 2001. An annotated list of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformis) of Sri Lan- ka. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 144: 145-158. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 June 2001. A taxonomic review of the bees (Apoidea: Apiformis) of Sri Lanka is presented. Four families, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae are represented by species belonging to the following genera: Hylaeus (Colletidae), Systropha, Lipotriches, Nomia, Steganomus, Ceylalictus, Halictus, Homalictus, Lasioglossum and Pachyhalictus (Halictidae), Lithurgus, Anthidiellum, Eu- aspis, Coelioxys, Exanthidium, and Megachile (Megachilidae), Xylocopa, Ceratina, Braunsapis, Nomada, Tetralonia, Amegilla, Thyreus, Trigona and Apis (Apidae). A list of all bees known to occur in Sri Lanka is given with short general descriptions of the families and family groups to which they belong. Names of five recorded species are listed as uncertain. The following eight new combinations are proposed: Lipotriches (Austronomia) austella (Hirashima), L. (A.) krombeini (Hirashima), L. (A.) notiomorpha (Hirashima), L. (A.) ustula (Cockerell), Lipotriches (Lipotriches) aurifrons (Smith), L. (L.) basipicta (Wickwar), L. (L.) carinicollis (Cameron), and Lipotriches (Lipotriches) comberi (Cockerell), all from Nomia. A.Wijesekara, Horticulture Research & Development Institute, P.O. Box 11, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. E-mail: [email protected] Key words. – Hymenoptera; Apoidea; Colletidae; Halictidae; Megachilidae; Apidae; Sri Lanka.
There are about 16,325 species of described bees in seven (Michener 2000). the world (Michener 2000). They differ from sphe- The objective of this work is to present a complete coid wasps, their closest relatives, by having branched and updated list of bees known to occur in Sri Lanka hairs on the body and en enlarged hind basitarsus. As in order to encourage and facilitate taxonomic work in the case of many other insect groups, bees of Sri on Sri Lankan bees. Lanka have not been adequately studied systematical- Descriptions and distribution records of bees from ly or biologically, except for the honey bee species Apis Sri Lanka were gathered by surveying the taxonomic cerana. Hence no information exists about the num- literature. The currently valid scientific name of each ber of bees that occur in Sri Lanka or about their di- species was determined by reviewing the literature in versity. Many species of bees have been recorded from consultation with old world bee taxonomists. Sri Lanka but this information is mostly scattered in the taxonomic literature. The Catalogue of Hy- LIST OF BEES FROM SRI LANKA menoptera (Dalla Torre 1896) listed 17 bee species from Sri Lanka while Bingham (1897) gave descrip- Four of the seven families Colletidae, Halictidae, tions of 47 species. Strand (1913) identified 42 species Megachilidae and Apidae are represented in Sri Lanka. of which 12 were described as new. Since then more It was found that 132 species of bees have been record- bees have been recorded and described from Sri Lanka ed from Sri Lanka. They are listed below under their by many authors. Little is known about the biology of respective family groups as recognized by Michener most of the native bees of Sri Lanka. Relevant biolog- (2000). A short general introduction to each family ical information and a key for identification of (Indi- group, based mainly on O´Toole and Raw (1991) is an) genera can be found in Batra (1977). followed by the currently valid species names. The The higher classification of bees has been changing general distribution of the species within Sri Lanka is recently. Gauld and Bolton (1988) recognized only given when locality information has been available in two families, Sphecidae and Apidae in the superfamily the literature. Each specific name is followed by the Apoidea. They classified all bees within Apidae in dif- reference to its original description and other refer- ferent subfamilies. Michener (1993), recognized 11 ences relevant to Sri Lanka including any junior syn- families of bees within an informal series Apiformis of onyms, all in italics. The abbreviations for district Apoidea but later reduced the number of families to names used to indicate distribution are as follows:
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AMP Ampara Lanka. Most halictids excavate nests in the ground ANU Anuradhapura and line their brood cells with a mixture of chemicals BAD Badulla which is not transparent as in colletids. COL Colombo GAL Galle Rophitinae GAM Gampaha Systropha tropicalis Cockerell: KAN, MAT, GAL HAM Hambantota Systropha tropicalis Cockerell, 1911a: 227; Baker JAF Jaffna 1996: 1535. KAN Kandy Systropha butteli Friese, 1913: 87; Friese 1918: KAL Kalutara 509. KUE Kurunegala MAN Mannar Nomiinae MAT Matale Nomiinae are mostly solitary bees but communal, MON Monaragala quasisocial or semisocial species are known. Many MTA Matara males of this bee group have their hind femora and NUE Nuwara Eliya occasionally their hindtibia swollen and armed with POL Polonnaruwa stout spines. The species listed below in the genus PUT Puttalama Nomia with no indication of their subgenera need to RAT Ratnapura be restudied. Probably most of them will be placed in TRI Trincomalee the genus Lipotriches. The new combinations are ac- VAV Vavunia cording to C. D. Michener.
Colletidae Lipotriches (Austronomia) austella (Hirashima) The Colletidae consists of over 2000 species in the comb. n.: HAM. world and is divided into five subfamilies. The Sri Nomia (Austronomia) austella Hirashima, 1978: Lankan species belong to the Hylaeinae, members of 92. which are distributed world wide. The females of col- Lipotriches (Austronomia) krombeini (Hirashima) letids line their brood cells with a transparent water comb. n.: ANU, COL, HAM, (and various other loca- proof membrane resistant to fungal attack. tions). Nomia (Austronomia) krombeini Hirashima, 1978: Hylaeinae 98. Hylaeine bees are relatively hairless, wasp-like and Lipotriches (Austronomia) notiomorpha (Hirashima) lack pollen carrying scopa. Females transport pollen comb. n.: AMP, HAM, KAN, MAN, (and various other in their crops. Many species nest in plant stems, plant locations). galls, beetle borings, old cells of bees and wasps and Nomia (Austronomia) notiomorpha Hirashima, some nest in the ground. Of the three species known 1978: 100. from Sri Lanka the identity of H. monilicornis has not Lipotriches (Austronomia) ustula (Cockerell) comb. n.: been firmly established (Snelling 1980). ANU, COL, GAL, KAN, MAT, POL, PUT, RAT. Nomia ustula Cockerell, 1911e: 231, Strand 1913: Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) krombeini Snelling: ANU. 143. Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) krombeini Snelling, 1980: 3. Nomia (Austronomia) ustula: Hirashima 1978: 96. Hylaeus (Prosopis) monilicornis (Motschulski) Lipotriches (Lipotriches) aurifrons (Smith) comb. n.: Hylaeus monilicornis Motschulski, 1863: 24. GAM. Prosopis monilicornis: Dalla Torre 1896: 27, Bing- Nomia aurifrons Smith, 1875a: 43, Strand 1913: ham 1897: 413. 142. Hylaeus (Prosopis) monilicornis: Snelling 1980: 1. Nomia (Rhopalomelissa) aurifrons: Michener 1965: Hylaeus sedens Snelling: KAN. 159. Hylaeus sedens Snelling, 1980: 13. Lipotriches (Lipotriches) basipicta (Wickwar) comb. n. Note: Known only from a single specimen. Nomia basipicta Wickwar, 1908: 122. Nomia (Rhopalomelissa) basipicta: Michener 1965: Halictidae 159. This family has over 5000 species worldwide. Lipotriches (Lipotriches) carinicollis (Cameron) Many halictids are metallic in coloration and the fam- comb. n. ily includes solitary as well as primitively eusocial Nomia carinicollis Cameron, 1902a: 251. bees. All four subfamilies, Rophitinae, Halictinae, Nomia (Rhopalomelissa) carinicollis: Michener Nomiodinae and Nomiinae are represented in Sri 1965: 159.
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Lipotriches (Lipotriches) comberi (Cockerell) comb. n.: Cyathocera nordicornis Smith, 1875a: 47. KAL. Steganomus nordicornis: Strand 1913: 142. Nomia comberi Cockerell, 1911e: 223. Nomia (Rhopalomelissa) comberi: Michener 1965: Nomioidinae 159. These are minute bees usually with abundant yel- low to white markings on the body. Nomia (Hoplonomia) strigata (Fabricius): PUT. Andrena strigata Fabricius,1793: 311. Ceylalictus cereus (Nurse): COL. Nomia strigata: Dalla Torre 1896: 170, Strand Ceratina cerea Nurse, 1901: 152. 1913: 142. Ceratina divisa Cameron, 1907: 1003, Blüthgen Nomia (Hoplonomia) strigata: Michner 1965: 156. 1934: 259. Nomia (Hoplonomia) westwoodi Gribodo: GAM. Nomioides cerea: Blüthgen 1934: 259. Nomia westwoodi Gribodo, 1894: 128, Strand Ceylalictus cereus: Pesenko 1983: 108. 1913: 144, Friese 1918: 494. Ceylalictus horni (Strand): MAT. Nomia (Hoplonomia) westwoodi: Michener 1965: Halictus horni Strand, 1913: 136. 156. Nomioides horni: Blüthgen 1925: 80, Blüthgen Nomia biroi Friese: COL, KAL, KUE. 1934: 260. Nomia biroi Friese, 1913: 84, Friese 1918: 507. Ceylalictus horni: Pesenko 1983: 108. Nomia butteli Friese: GAL. Note: This species has been described from a single Nomia butteli Friese, 1913: 85, Friese 1918: 505. male specimen. Blüthgen 1934 considered that this Nomia capitata Smith species may be an aberrant form of Nomioides Nomia capitata Smith, 1875b: 54, Bingham 1897: cereus but stated that this needs confirmation. 455. Nomia carinata Smith Ceylalictus taprobanae (Cameron) Nomia carinata Smith, 1875b: 57, Dalla Torre Ceratina taprobanae Cameron, 1897: 138, Bing- 1896: 164, Bingham 1897: 453. ham 1897: 502. Nomia ceylonica Friese: GAL. Nomioides taprobanae: Vecht 1952: 7, Cockerell Nomia ceylonica Friese, 1913: 84, Friese 1918: 506. 1923:267. Nomia crassiuscula Friese: ANU. Ceylalictus taprobanae: Pesenko 1983: 108. Nomia crassiuscula Friese, 1913: 86, Friese 1918: 504. Halictinae Nomia (Nomia) curvipes (Fabricius) Halictinae are called sweat bees due to their attrac- Andrena curvipes Fabricius, 1781: 473, Friese tion to human perspiration. Of the two tribes recog- 1918: 494. nized only the Halictini are represented in Sri Lanka. Normia (Nomia) curvipes: Michener 1965: 154 The species listed below as Halictus with no subgen- Nomia elegantula Friese: GAL era also need to be restudied. They could all belong to Nomia elegantula Friese, 1913: 86, Friese: 1918: Lasioglossum. 505. Nomia exagens (Walker) Halictus ducalis Bingham Andrena exagens Walker, 1860: 305, Dalla Torre Halictus ducalis Bingham, 1896: 435, Bingham 1894: 120. 1897: 435. Nomia exagens: Cockerell 1911c: 218. Halictus paradnanus Strand: KAN, COL. Nomia matalea Strand: GAM, KAN, MAT. Halictus paradnanus Strand, 1913: 138, Blüthgen Nomia matalea Strand, 1913: 144. 1926: 456. Nomia oxybeloides Smith: GAM, MAT. Halictus taprabonae Cameron Nomia oxybeloides Smith, 1875a: 90, Cockerell Halictus taprabonae Cameron, 1897: 111, Bing- 1911e: 225, Strand 1913: 145. ham 1897: 428. Nomia puttalama Strand: ANU, PUT. Halictus timidus Smith Nomia puttalama Strand, 1913: 143. Halictus timidus Smith, 1879: 31, Dalla Torre, Nomia rufa Friese: KAN. 1896: 87, Bingham 1897: 429. Nomia rufa Friese, 1918: 508. Halictus trincomalicus Cameron: TRI. Nomia rustica Westwood Halictus trincomalicus Cameron, 1903: 331, Blüth- Nomia rustica Westwood, 1875: 214, Dalla Torre gen 1926: 608. 1896: 169, Bingham 1897: 457. Halictus (Seladonia) lucidipennis Smith: AMP, ANU, BAD, COL, HAM, KAN, MAN, MON, POL, TRI, VAV. Steganomus nodicornis (Smith): GAM, MAT. Halictus lucidipennis Smith, 1853: 62, Blüthgen
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1926: 678. er 1965: 173. Halictus vernalis Smith, 1879: 30, Dalla Torre Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) tamulicum (Blüthgen) 1986: 90, Ebmer 1980: 483. Halictus tamulicus Blüthgen, 1926: 595. Halictus (Seladonia) lucidipennis: Michener 1978: Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) tamulicum: Michener 528, Sakagami & Ebmer 1987: 321. 1965: 173. Note: L. semisculptum and L. tamulicum, subgeneric Homalictus singhalensis (Blüthgen) placement according to C. D. Michener. Halictus singhalensis Blüthgen, 1926: 688. Lasioglossum (Nesohalictus) halictoides (Smith): ANU. Homalictus singhalensis: Michener 1965: 181. Nomia halictoides Smith, 1859: 6. Halictus ceylonicus Strand, 1909: 187, Blüthgen Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) albescens (Smith): ANU, 1931: 300. MAT, TRI. Halictus strandiellus Cockerell, 1911d: 192, Blüth- Halictus albescens Smith, 1853: 61, Blüthgen 1926: gen 1926: 542. 491. Halictus hornianus Strand, 1913: 138, Blüthgen Halictus javanicus Friese, 1918: 493, Blüthgen 1926: 542. 1926: 492. Lasioglossum (Nesohalictus) halictoides:Sakagami Halictus amblypygus Strand, 1913: 141, Blüthgen 1991: 169. 1926: 492. Lasioglossum (Nesohalictus) serenum (Cameron) Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) albescens:Michener Halictus serenus Cameron, 1897: 97. 1965: 173. Lasioglossum (Nesohalictus) serenum: Sakagami Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) cire (Cameron) comb.n.: 1991: 169. GAM, HAM, KAN, MAN, MAT, MON, RAT, TRI. Lasioglossum (Sudila) alphenum (Cameron): BAD, Halictus ciris Cameron, 1897: 105, Blüthgen 1931: KAN, NUE. 300. Halictus alphenuus Cameron, 1897: 108, Blüthgen, Halictus kandycola Strand, 1913: 139, Blüthgen 1931: 301. 1926: 537. Halticus ceylonicus Cameron, 1902: 254, Blüthgen Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) cire: Sakagami 1990. 1931: 301. Note: A series of specimens identified by Sakagami Ceylonicola submicans Friese, 1918: 504, Blüthgen (1990) as Ctenonomia cire in the Smithsonian col- 1926: 546. lection. It is probably an error that the author’s Lasioglossum (Sudila) alphenum (Cameron): Sak- name is written as ‘Strand’ on the labels. agami, Ebmer and Tadauchi 1996: 164. Lasioglossum (Sudila) aulacophorum (Strand): BAD. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) clarum (Nurse): ANU, Halictus aulacophorus Strand, 1913: 137. HAM, MAN, MON, POL, TRI. Halictus aulacophorus: Blüthgen 1926: 538. Halictus clarus Nurse, 1902: 147. Lasioglossum (Sudila) aulacophorum (Strand): Sak- Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) clarum (Nurse): Sakaga- agami, Ebmer and Tadauchi 1996: 154 mi 1990. Lasioglossum (Sudila) bidentatum (Cameron): NUE. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) vagans (Smith): BAD, COL, Sudila bidentata Cameron, 1898: 54. GAL, KAN, MAT. Sudila ceylonica Cameron, 1898: 55, Blüthgen Halictus vagans Smith, 1857: 42: Blüthgen 1931: 1931: 301. 327. Sudila fumipennis Cameron, 1898: 55, Blüthgen Halictus schmiedeknechti Friese, 1918: 493, Blüth- 1931: 301. gen 1931: 327. Ceylonicola atra Friese, 1918: 502, Blüthgen 1931: Halictus nalandicus Strand, 1913: 140, Blüthgen 301. 1926: 654. Ceylonicola rubriventris Friese, 1918: 503, Blüth- Halictus centrophorus Strand, 1913: 140, Blüthgen gen 1926: 585. 1926: 654. Halictus (Sudila) bidentatus: Blüthgen 1931: 301. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) vagans (Smith): Sakaga- Lasioglossum (Sudila) bidentatum (Cameron): Sakaga- mi 1990. mi, Ebmer and Tadauchi 1996: 175. Note: L. clarum and L. vagans, specimens in Smith- Lasioglossum (Sudila) kandiense (Cockerell): GAL, KAN, sonian collection identified by Sakagami 1990. RAT. Halticus (Evylaeus) kandiensis Cockerell, 1913: 34. Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) semisculptum (Cockerell): Halictus kandiensis: Blüthgen 1931: 330. KAL Lasioglossum (Sudila) kandiense (Cockerell): Sak- Halictus semisculptus Cockerell, 1911b: 191. agami, Ebmer and Tadauchi 1996: 160. Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) semisculptum: Michen-
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Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) bedanus (Blüthgen): Note: Michener & Griswold (1994) did not recog- KAN. nize Pygnanthidiellum as a separate subgenus. Halictus bedanus Blüthgen, 1926: 424. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) bedanus: Michener Euaspis (Parevaspis) edentata Baker: KAN, MAT, POL, 1978: 517. RAT. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) kalutarae (Cockerell): Euaspis (Parevaspis) edentata Baker, 1995: 283. KAL, KAN, NUE. Stelis carbonaria Smith, 1854: 275, Baker 1995: Halictus kalutarae Cockerell, 1911d: 189, Blüth- 283. gen 1926: 423. Parevaspis carbonaria: Dalla Torre 1896: 480, Halictus amplicollis Friese, 1918: 500, Blüthgen Bingham 1897: 499, Strand 1913: 149, Baker 1926: 423. 1995: 283. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) kalutarae: Michener Euaspis (Parevaspis) carbonaria: Pasteels 1980: 82, 1978: 518. Baker 1995: 283. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) sigiriellus (Cockerell): KAL. Exanthidium rotundiventre Pasteels Halictus sigiriellus Cockerell, 1911d: 190, Blüthgen Exanthidium rotundiventre Pasteels, 1987: 234. 1931: 287. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) sigiriellus: Michener Megachilini 1978: 518. Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) angulata Smith: ANU, MAT, Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) vinctus (Walker) MON, PUT, TRI. Nomia vincta Walker, 1860: 305, Bingham 1897: Coelioxys angulata Smith, 1870: 192. 458. Coeloxys (Allocoelioxys) angulata: Pasteels 1987: Halictus vinctus: Blüthgen 1926: 428. 229. Pachyhalictus (Pachyhalictus) vinctus: Michener Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) capitata Smith: AMP, HAM, 1978: 518. KAN, MAN, MAT, MON, TRI. Coelioxys capitatus Smith, 1854: 267, Dalla Torre Megachilidae 1896: 483, Bingham 1897: 512. A large family of bees with thousands of species dis- Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) capitata: Pasteels 1987: tributed world wide. Three tribes in the subfamily 230. Megachilinae are represented in Sri Lanka. Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) taiwanensis Cockerell: PUT, MON. Megachilinae Coelioxys taiwanensis Cockerell, 1927: 10. Megachilinae are commonly called leaf-cutter and Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) taiwanensis: Pasteels 1987: mason bees. A majority of the species makes nests in 232. existing cavities in wood. Most line their cells or parti- Coelioxys (Liothyrapis) apicata (Smith): ANU. tion them with material collected by the females. The Coelioxys apicata Smith, 1854: 267. kind of material varies according to the species and in- Liothyrapis apicata: Pasteels 1987: 233. cludes leaves, petals, chewed leaves or petals, plant or Note: Subgeneric placement according to C. D. animal hairs, plant resins or mud and pebbles. Michener.
Lithurgini Coelioxys confusus Smith: ANU, COL, HAM, TRI. Lithurgini is represented by a single species of Coelioxys confusus Smith, 1875a: 50, Bingham Lithurgus. They are solitary and known to excavate 1897: 514, Pasteels 1987: 225. their nests in timber and they do not line their cells. Coelioxys fenestrata Smith: KAN, TRI. Coelioxys fenestrata Smith, 1873: 203. Lithurgus (Lithurgus) atratus Smith Coelioxys fuscipennis Smith: HAM. Lithurgus atratus Smith, 1854: 50, Bingham 1897: Coelioxys fuscipennis Smith, 1854: 266: Bingham 469. 1897: 511. Lithurgus (Lithurgus) atratus: Michener 1965: 185. Coelioxys intacta Friese: AMP. Coelioxys intacta Friese, 1923:40. Anthidiini Note: C. fuscipennis, C. fenestrata and C. intacta spe- Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) ramakrishnae (Cock- cimens at Smithsonian collection identified by J. erell): BAD. Pasteels 1976. However Pasteels (1968) syn- Dianthidium ramakrishnae Cockerell, 1919: 194. onymised Coelioxys afra var intacta Freise 1922 Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) ramakrishnae: with C. rufispina Walker 1871. Pasteels 1972: 98. Coelioxys nitidoscutellaris Pasteels: HAM.
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Coelioxys nitidoscutellaris Pasteels, 1987: 228. Xylocopini The large carpenter bees are grouped in the tribe Megachile albolineata Cameron Xylocopini. They are probably the most familiar Megachile albolineata Cameron, 1897: 132, Friese group of bees next to the honey bees. Most of them 1911: 299. are solitary and excavate their nests in hard wood. X. Megachile ardens Smith tranquibarica is known to be nocturnal (Batra 1977). Megachile ardens Smith, 1879: 67, Dalla Torre 1896: The species in the subgenus Biluna are known to nest 420, Bingham 1897: 475, Friese 1911: 300. in bamboo, Nyctomelitta in wood, Zonohirusta in rot- Megachile ceylonica Bingham ten wood, Nodula in dry branches, Koptortosoma and Megachile ceylonica Bingham, 1896: 453, Bingham Platinopoda in wood or bamboo (Batra 1977). 1897: 482, Friese 1911: 302. Megachile conjuncta Smith Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans (Linnaeus) Megachile conjuncta Smith, 1853: 175, Bingham Apis aestuans Linnaeus, 1758: 579. 1897: 482, Friese 1911: 302. Xylocopa aestuans: Bingham 1897: 540. Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta (Fabricius): GAM, Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans: Hurd & Moure PUT. 1963: 296. Apis disjuncta Fabricius, 1781: 328. Xylocopa (Nodula) amethystina (Fabricius): AMP, ANU, Megachile disjuncta: Strand 1913: 149. MAT, POL. Megachile kandyca Friese: KAN. Apis amethystina Fabricius, 1793: 325. Megachile kandyca Friese, 1918: 512. Xylocopa amethystina: Bingham 1897: 540, Friese Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata (Fabricius) 1913: 88, Strand 1913: 146, Friese 1918: 510. Apis lanata Fabricius, 1793: 335. Xylocopa (Nodula) amethystina: Hurd & Moure Megachile lanata: Bingham 1897: 483, Friese 1911: 1963. 305. Xylocopa (Biluna) auripennis Lepeletier: POL. Megachile (Callochile) mystaceae (Fabricius): ANU. Xylocopa auripennis Lepeletier, 1841: 181, Strand Apis mystaceae Fabricius, 1775: 385, Friese 1918: 1913: 146. 497. Xylocopa (Biluna) auripennis: Hurd & Moure: 297. Megachile (Callochile) mystaceae: Michener 1965: Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) bhowara Maa 1938: AMP, GAL, 210. KAL, MTA. Megachile nigricans Cameron: TRI. Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) bhowara Maa, 1938: 304. Megachile nigricans Cameron, 1898:55. Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) bhowara: Hurd & Moure Megachile reepeni Friese: ANU. 1963: 298. Megachile reepeni Friese, 1918: 512. Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) bryorum Fabricius Megachile relata Smith: MAT. Apis bryorum Fabricius, 1775: 381, Bingham 1897: Megachile relata Smith, 1879: 68, Strand 1913: 541. 149. Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) bryorum: Hurd & Moure Megachile umbripennis Smith: MAT. 1963: 299. Megachile umbripennis Smith, 1853: 175, Strand Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) confusa Perez: ANU, MAT. 1913, 149. Xylocopa confusa Perez, 1901: 39, Strand 1913: Megachile vigilans Smith 146. Megachile vigilans Smith, 1878: 5, Bingham 1897: Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) confusa: Hurd & Moure 488. 1963: 301. Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) dejeanii Lepeletier: ANU, COL. Apidae Xylocopa dejeanii Lepeletier, 1841: 209. The Apidae is a large family with thousands of Xylocopa collaris Lepeletier, 1841: 189, Bingham species world wide. The former family Anthophoridae 1897: 543, Strand 1913: 146. is included in Apidae and subfamily Anthophorinae is Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) dejeanii: Hurd & Moure treated as a tribe in the present Apinae. The Apidae is 1963: 302. divided into three subfamilies Apinae, Nomadinae Xylocopa (Ctenoxylocopa) fenestrata (Fabricius): ANU, and Xylocopinae, all of which are represented in Sri HAM, GAL, KAN MAT, RAT. Lanka. Apis fenestrata Fabricius, 1798: 273. Xylocopa fenestrata: Bingham 1897: 539, Strand Xylocopinae 1913: 146, Friese 1918: 495. The Xylocopinae are known as carpenter bees, due to Xylocopa (Ctenoxylocopa) fenestrata: Hurd & Moure their habit of excavating nests in solid wood or pith of 1963:303, Tkalcu 1973: 63. plant stems. Three of the four tribes occur in Sri Lanka. Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis Westwood
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Xylocopa nasalis Westwood, 1842: 92. Ceratina (Ceratinidia) hieroglyphica: Michener Xylocopa dissimilis Lepeletier, 1841: Bingham 1965: 221. 1897: 538. Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) picta Smith Xylocopa (Biluna) nasalis: Hurd & Moure 1963: Ceratina picta Smith, 1854: 224, Dalla Torre 310. 1896: 199, Bingham 1897: 504. Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) nigrocaerula Smith Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) picta: Hirashima 1971: Xylocopa nigro-caerula Smith, 1874: 279, Bingham 356. 1897: 539. Ceratina (Pithitis) binghami Cockerell Xylocopa (Zonohirsuta) nigro-caerula: Hurd & Ceratina binghami Cockerell, 1910: 340, Vecht Moure 1963: 311. 1952: 21. Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) ruficornis Fabricius: ANU, Ceratina viridissima Dalla Torre, 1896: 201, Bing- BAD, MAN. ham 1897: 501. Xylocopa ruficornis Fabricius, 1804: 341. Pithitis (Pithitis) binghami: Hirashima 1969: 658. Xylocopa ceylonica Cameron, 1901: 32. Note: Although Hirashima raised Pithitis to generic Xylocopa clavicrus Maidl, 1912: 305, Strand 1913: status, Michener (2000) recognizes Pithitis as a sub- 146. genus of Ceratina. Names have been updated ac- Xylocopa verticalis Lepeletier, 1841: 680: Friese cordingly. 1918: 495. Ceratina (Pithitis) smaragdula (Fabricius): GAL, POL, Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) ruficornis: Hurd & Moure TRI. 1963: 314. Apis smaragdula Fabricius, 1787: 305. Mesotrichia (Koptortosoma) ruficornis: Tkalcu 1973: Ceratina sexmaculata Smith 1879:92, Strand 1913: 63. 145, Friese 1918: 495, Vecht 1952: 15. Xylocopa (Platynopoda) tenuiscapa Westwood: AMP, Pithitis (Pithitis) smaragdula: Hirashima 1969: 661. COL, GAL, HAM, MON, RAT, TRI. Xylocopa (Platynopoda) tenuiscapa Westwood, Allodapini 1840: 271, Hurd & Moure 1963: 317 The Tribe Allodapini include subsocial or primi- Xylocopa albofasciata Sichel, 1867: Bingham 1897: tively eusocial bees that nest in pithy stems or twigs. 542. Four species are known from Sri Lanka. Xylocopa tenuiscapa: Dalla Torre 1896: 204, Bing- ham 1897: 537, Strand 1913: 146, Friese 1918: Braunsapis cupulifera (Vachal) 495. Allodape cupulifera Vachal, 1894: 447, Bingham Mesotrichia (Platynopoda) tenuiscapa: Tkalcu 1973: 1897: 506. 63. Braunsapis cupulifera: Reyes 1991: 197. Xylocopa (Nyctomelitta) tranquibarica (Fabricius): TRI. Note: Although Bingham recorded this species from Bombus tranquibarica Fabricius, 1804: 343, Strand Sri Lanka, Reyes (1991) has not examined any 1913: 146. specimen from Sri Lanka. Xylocopa (Nyctomelitta) tranquibarica: Hurd & Braunsapis flaviventris Reyes Moure 1963: 317. Braunsapis flaviventris Reyes, 1991: 194. Braunsapis mixta (Smith): AMP, COL, GAM, GAL, HAM, Ceratinini JAF, MAN, MAT, MON, NUE, POL, PUT, RAT. The smaller carpenter bees are in the tribe Ceratini- Prosopis mixtus Smith, 1852: 50. ni and are represented by species of Ceratina. They Prosopis leucotarsis Cameron, 1897: 90: Meade- usually nest in pithy stems and are common. While Waldo 1923: 24. Ceratina can either be solitary or primitively social, all Allodape marginata Smith, 1854: 230, Strand known species in the subgenus Pithitis are solitary. 1913: 145, Friese 1918: 495. Braunsapis mixta: Reyes 1991: 187. Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) beata Cameron: TRI. Braunsapis picitarsis (Cameron) COL, MAT, POL. Ceratina beata Cameron, 1897: 139, Bingham Allodape picitarsis Cameron, 1902b: 60, Cockerell 1897: 504. 1913: 34. Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) beata: Vecht 1952 48. Braunsapis picitarsis: Reyes 1991: 189. Ceratina (Ceratinidia) hieroglyphica Smith: HAM, MAT. Nomadinae Ceratina hieroglyphica Smith, 1854: 226, Friese The Nomadinae are represented in Sri Lanka by 1918: 495. Nomada in the tribe Nomadini. Species of Nomadi- Ceratina hieroglyphica var. morawitzi, Strand 1913: nae are cleptoparasitic i.e. cuckoo bees that lay their 145. eggs in nests of other bees, mainly Andrena.
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Nomadini 511. Nomada adusta Smith Amegilla (Zonamegilla) cingulifera (Cockerell): COL, Nomada adusta Smith, 1875a: 50, Bingham 1897: KAN, RAT. 465, Alexander & Schwarz 1994: 256. Anthophora cingulifera Cockerell, 1910: 410. Nomada antennata Meade-Waldo: KAN Amegilla (Zonamegilla) cingulifera (Cockerell): Nomada antennata Meade-Waldo, 1913: 100, Brooks 1988: 511 Alexander & Schwarz 1994: 256. Amegilla (Zonamegilla) comberi (Cockerell): GAL, Nomada bicellula Schwarz: AMP, COL, KAN. HAM, MAN, MAT, MON, PUT, RAT. Nomada bicellula Schwarz, 1990: 40. Anthophora comberi Cockerell, 1911c: 493 Nomada bicellula: Alexander & Schwarz 1994: Amegilla (Zonamegilla) comberi (Cockerell): Brooks 256. 1988: 511 Nomada ceylonica Cameron Note: A. cingulifera and A. comberi, specimens in Nomada ceylonica Cameron, 1897: 123, Alexander Smithsonian collection identified by M.A. Lieft- & Schwarz 1994: 256. inck 1987 Nomada lusca Smith Amegilla (Zebramegilla) fallax (Smith): ANU, BAD, Nomada lusca Smith, 1854: 243, Bingham 1897: KAL. 465, Alexander & Schwarz 1994: 256. Anthophora fallax Smith, 1879: 120, Bingham Nomada priscilla Nurse: NUE. 1897: 528, Friese 1918: 496. Nomada priscilla Nurse, 1902: 150, Alexander & Amegilla (Zebramegilla) fallax: Brooks 1988: 504. Schwarz 1994: 257. Amegilla (Glossamegilla) insularis (Smith) Nomada wickwari Meade-Waldo: ANU, COL, HAM, Anthophora insularis Smith, 1857: 48, Bingham MON. 1897: 529. Nomada wickwari Meade-Waldo, 1913: 99, Amegilla (Glossamegilla) insularis: Brooks 1988: Alexander & Schwarz 1994: 257. 513. Amegilla (Amegilla) quadrifasciata (de Villers) Apinae Apis quadrifaciata de Villers, 1789: 319. The former subfamily Anthophorinae is included Anthophora quadrifaciata: Bingham 1897: 529. in the current subfamily Apinae. Of the 19 tribes rec- Amegilla (Amegilla) quadrifaciata: Brooks 1988: ognized by Michener only five are represented in Sri 450. Lanka. Amegilla (Zonamegilla) puttalama (Strand): BAD, COL, MAN, MAT, POL, PUT, RAT. Eucerini Anthopohora zonata var. puttalama Strand, 1913: Eucerini are ground-nesting bees. Males of these 147. species have unusually long antennae. Amegilla (Zonamegilla) puttalama: Brooks 1988: 511. Tetralonia commixtana Strand: NUE. Amegilla (Zebramegilla) subcoerulea (Lepeletier): HAM, Tetralonia commixtana Strand, 1913: 146. KAL. Tetralonia taprobanicola Strand: TRI. Anthopora subcoerulea Lepeletier, 1841: 30, Cock- Tetralonia taprobanicola Strand, 1913: 147. erell 1911c: 492. Tetralonia (Thygatina) fumida Cockerell: KAN. Amegilla (Zebramegilla) subcoerulea: Brooks 1988: Thygatina fumida Cockerell, 1911e: 237. 504. Note: Michener treats Thygatina as a subgenus of Amegilla (Zonamegilla) subinsularis (Strand): GAL, Tetralonia. KAN, RAT. Anthophora subinsularis Strand, ? Anthophorini Amegilla (Zonamegilla) subinsularis (Strand): The Anthoporini are represented in this country Brooks 1988: 513. by Amegilla which are known to be solitary bees al- Note 1: In Smithsonian collection identified by M. though the nests sometimes form dense aggregations. A. Lieftinck 1987. These species are very fast flying and may take nectar Note 2: The original description has not been found. while hovering. Sometimes cuckoo bees of the genus Brooks (1988:573) states ‘listed by Cockerell as in- Thyreus invade their nests. sularis subsp. but original description is not found’.
Amegilla (Zonamegilla) cingulata (Fabricius) Amegilla (Glossamegilla) violacea (Lepeletier): AMP, Apis cingulata Fabricius, 1775: 378. ANU, GAL, HAM, POL, PUT, RAT. Anthophora cingulata: Bingham 1897: 526. Anthophora violacea Lepeletier, 1841: 80, Bingham Amegilla (Zonamegilla) cingulata: Brooks 1988: 1897: 531, Friese 1918: 496.
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Amegilla (Glossamegilla) violacea: Brooks 1988: Meliponini 513. The Meliponini consist of stingless bees which are Amegilla (Zonamegilla) zonata (Linnaeus): ANU, BAD, distributed in the tropics all over the world. Sri Lan- GAL, GAM, PUT. ka has a single species which nests in places like hol- Apis zonata Linnaus, 1758: 576. low logs and tree trunks. Anthophora zonata: Bingham, 1897: 527, Friese 1918: 496. Trigona (Heterotrigona) iridipennis Smith: AMP COL, Anthophora zonata var. puttalama Strand 1913: HAM, JAF, MAT MON RAT, TRI. 147 Trigona iridipennis Smith, 1854: 413, Friese 1918: Amegilla (Zonamegilla) zonata: Brooks 1988: 511. 498. Melipona iridipennis: Dalla Torre 1896: 579, Bing- Melectini ham 1897: 563. All melectine species are cuckoo bees in nests of Trigona praeterita Walker,1860: 305, Bingham other anthophorine bees. Most of them are conspicu- 1897: 564. ous having patches of silvery, metallic blue or white Trigona (Tetragonula) iridipennis: Sakagami 1978: hairs on black back ground. 216. Note: Michener (1990) considered the subgenus Thyreus ceylonicus ceylonicus (Friese): AMP, ANU, COL, Tetragonula as a synonym of Heterotrigona. GAL, HAM, KAL, KAN, MAN, MAT, MTA, POL, PUT, RAT, TRI. Apini Crocisa ceylonica Friese, 1905: 4, Friese 1918: 511, The Apini include the highly eusocial and familiar Strand 1913: 148. honey bees. There are three species of honey bee in Thyreus ceylonicus ceylonicus: Lieftinck 1962: 134. Sri Lanka. A considerable number of studies has been Thyreus histrio (Fabricius): COL, HAM, KAN, MAT, PUT, carried out on the Sri Lankan honey bee, Apis cerana TRI. (Punchihewa 1994). Nomada histrio Fabricius, 1775: 388, Lieftinck 1959: 25. Apis dorsata Fabricius: MAT. Crocisa ramosa Lepeletier, 1841: 451, Bingham Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793: 382, Bingham 1897: 1897: Lieftinck 1959: 25. 557, Strand 1913: 150, Michener 1990: 141. Crocisa histrio: Strand 1913: 148. Apis dorsata var. bicolor Klug, 1807:264, Dalla Crocisa rectangula Meyer, 1921: 151, Lieftinck Torre 1896: 589. 1959: 25, 34. Apis florea Fabricius: KAN PUT MAT MTA TRI. Thyreus histrio: Lieftinck 1959: 34, Lieftinck 1962: Apis florea Fabricius, 1787: 305, Dalla Torre 1896: 11. 591, Bingham 1897: 559, Strand 1913: 150, Friese Thyreus insignis (Meyer): AMP, BAD, HAM, KAN. 1918: 499, Michener 1990: 141. Crocisa insignis Meyer, 1921: 151. Apis cerana Fabricius: BAD, GAL. Thyreus insignis: Lieftinck 1962: 109. Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793: 327. Thyreus takaonis (Cockerell): AMP, ANU, COL, GAL, Apis indica Fabricius, 1798: 247, Bingham 1897: HAM, MAN, MAT MTA PUT, RAT. 558. Crocisa takaonis Cockerell, 1911c: 311, Strand Apis indica var. perrottetii Guerin,1829:461, Dalla 1913: 148. Torre 1896: 593. Crocisa ramosa var reepeni Friese, 1918: 496, Lieft- Apis cerana: Ruttner 1988: 120. inck 1962: 21. Thyreus takaonis: Lieftinck 1962: 21. Uncertain species Thyreus surniculus Lieftinck: AMP, ANU, BAD, MAN Anthophora zonata var. vigilans Smith: Friese 1918: HAM. 496. Thyreus surniculus Lieftinck, 1959: 30, Lieftinck Note: I did not find any reference to this variety, rec- 1962: 27. ognized from Sri Lanka by Friese (1918). Thyreus ramosellus (Cockerell): PUT, TRI. Crocisa ramosella Cockerell, 1919: 191 Ceratina (Pithitis) aenea (Fabricius) Thyreus ramosellus (Cockerell): Lieftinck 1962: 17 Apis aenea Fabricius, 1798: 277. Note: Specimens of T. ramosellus in Smithsonian col- Ceratina aenea: Gertaecker 1869: 177, Dalla Torre lection identified by M.A. Lieftinck 1987. 1896: 195. Ceratina (Pithitis) aenea: Vecht 1952: 22. Note: Hirashima suspected Apis aenea to be same as Pithitis binghami but he did not confirm it.
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Halictus carinifrons Cameron 1904 Japan, and Dr. Gabriella Chavarria, Smithsonian In- Halictus carinifrons Cameron, 1904: 302, Blüthgen stitution, USA. I am very grateful to my research assis- 1931: 328. tant Mr. Suranga Basnagala for helping me in numer- Note: According to Blüthgen the label of the type ous ways to gather information needed for completing specimen of H. carinifrons says that it is from Cey- this study. I am also greatful to Mr. Roy Danielsson, lon-Rothney but according to the description it is curator of the entomological collection at Lund Uni- from India. Therefore Blüthgen was uncertain versity and the Institute of Systematic Zoology of the about the locality. Lund University, Sweden for providing me with facil- ities to carryout this study. Financial assistance from Nomia sp: Vavunia, Padukka, Hambantota, Hasala- the Swedish Institute is gratefully acknowledged. ka, Klatuwawa. Note: Hirashima (1978) did not identify this Nomia REFERENCES to specific level. He stated that its female is similar to Nomia (Austronomia) ustula but males are differ- Alexander, B.A. & M. Schwarz, 1994. A catalog of the ent. He suggest that this could be Nomia scutellata species of Nomada (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of the world. – University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55 (7): 239-270. Smith. Baker, D. B., 1995. A review of the Asian species of the genus Euaspis Gerstacker (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). Thyreus smithii (Dalla Torre) – Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 69: 281-302. Crocisa smithii Dalla Torre, 1896: 323. Baker, D. B., 1996. Notes on some palaearctic and oriental Crocisa emarginata Lepeletier: Bingham 1897: 517. Systropha, with descriptions of new species and a key to Thyreus smithii: Lieftinck 1962: 105. the species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae). – Jour- nal of Natural History 30: 1527-1547. Note: Bingham (1897) recorded Ceylon as a habitat Batra, S. W. T., 1977. 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He did not mention the malayischen Halictus- und Thrinchostoma - Arten. (Hy- menopera: Apidae: Halictini). – Zoologische Jahrbücher Strand (1913) paper. It is very likely that Strand Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der misidentified iridipennis as laeviceps. Tiere 51:375-698. Blüthgen, P., 1931., Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Indo- malayischen Halictus- und Thrinchostoma - Arten. (Hy- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS menopera: Apidae: Halictini). – Zoologische Jahrbücher I thank Professor Jayanthi P. Edirisinghe of the Fac- Abteilung fur Systematik Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 61: 285-346. ulty of Science, University of Peradeniya for initiating Blüthgen, P., 1934. Nachtrag zur Monograpie der Bienen- the studies on bee pollinators of crops in Sri Lanka gattung Nomoides Schck. (Hym., Apidae, Halicytinae). – and inviting my collaboration which led to the compi- Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 95: 238-283. lation of this list. Dr. Eric Grissell, Research Entomol- Brooks, R. W., 1988. Systematics and phylogeny of the An- ogist of the United States Department of Agriculture thophorine Bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae: An- Systematic Entomology Laboratory and Dr. Priyantha thophorini). – The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 53: 436-575. Wijesinghe, Department of Biology, City College, Cameron, P., 1897. Hymenoptera Orientalia or contribu- City University, New York, reviewed the manuscript. tions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Dr. Charles Michener Emeritus Professor, University Zoological region. Part V. – Memoirs of the Manchester of Kansas, USA and Dr. Alain Pauly, Institute Royal Literary and Philosophical Soceity 41: 1-144. des Science Naturelles de Belgique helped to make the Cameron, P., 1898. Hymenoptera Orientalia or contribu- scientific names up to date. I acknowledge the help of tions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological region. 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CORRECTION
Yasunaga, T., 2000. The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (He- teroptera: Miridae), or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 143: 183-209, figs. 1-87. In the cited paper some figures on page 188 have been intermixed. The correct numbering should be: Fig. 19 read Fig. 20 Fig. 20 read Fig. 21 Fig. 21 read Fig. 19
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