DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0106267 A1 Frykman Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0106267 A1 Frykman Et Al US 2005O106267A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0106267 A1 Frykman et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 19, 2005 (54) ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVES FOR THE Related U.S. Application Data REMOVAL OF TOXINS (60) Provisional application No. 60/512,395, filed on Oct. (75) Inventors: Gregory K. Frykman, Washington, DC 20, 2003. (US); Glenn H. Gruett, New London, WI (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ A61K 33/06 FOLEY AND LARDNER (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/684 SUTE 500 3000 KSTREET NW WASHINGTON, DC 20007 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Framework Therapeutics, LLC Medical use of natural and Synthetic Zeolites for treatment, (21) Appl. No.: 10/965,799 prevention, and palliation in humans or animals of delete rious concentrations of ammonia, mercaptains, heavy metals (22) Filed: Oct. 18, 2004 and other toxins by oral administration. Particle Size Distribution, 12/30/03 s EPre-regeneration (%) s Post-regeneration (%) Patent Application Publication May 19, 2005 Sheet 1 of 3 US 2005/0106267 A1 I’0IH Patent Application Publication May 19, 2005 Sheet 2 of 3 US 2005/0106267 A1 'u'dd) Uoperabuo HN US 2005/0106267 A1 May 19, 2005 ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SEVES FOR THE Targeting Lead Paint Hazards; President’s Task Force on REMOVAL OF TOXINS Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children; Department of Health and Human Services and the Envi 0001. This application is based on U.S. Provisional ronmental Protection Agency; February, 2000) lead is most Patent Application No. 60/512,395, filed Oct. 20, 2003, the hazardous to the nation's 24 million children under six years entire contents of which are incorporated herein by refer old of which approximately 4.4% or 1 million have blood CCC. lead levels (BLL) >10 ug/dL. The spectrum and severity of 0002 The present invention relates to methods and com morbidity of lead poisoning increases as blood lead levels positions for treating, preventing, and palliating elevated increase: reduced IQ, decreased hearing, decreased growth levels of certain toxins in humans. and behavior problems in children can be observed at BLL as low as 10 ug/dL, impaired nerve function at 20 tug/dL, 0.003 Hepatic Encephalopathy Remains a Significant reduced Vitamin D metabolism at 30 lug/dL, damage to Health Problem hematopoiesis at 40 ug/dL, Severe Stomach cramps above 50 0004 Predominantly because of the large degree of alco tug/dL and Severe brain damage, kidney damage and Severe hol use in Society, chronic liver disease progressing to anemia between 50 and 100 tug/dL. Based on epidemiologi cirrhosis remains a burdensome health problem. While other cal models and estimates, a child is estimated to lose 2 IQ toxic liver insults are responsible to a lesser degree, the final (intelligence quotient) points for each 10 ug/dL increase in common pathway remains the Same: progressive hepatic blood lead level. fibrosis and decrease in the proportion of metabolically 0010 Current treatments include intravenous chelation active hepatocytes. These pathological changes result in therapy with EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) oral Systemic health effects related to poor detoxification of chelation therapy with drugs. Such as Succimer, penicillamine endogenously produced ammonia and exogenously admin and British anti-Lewisite (BAL). Chelation therapy with istered medications. Because of the cirrhotic liver's mark EDTA is indicated for severe lead poisoning and must be edly reduced ability to neutralize and remove ammonia, a administered-either three times daily or as a continuous natural waste product from the metabolism of proteins, its infusion-in combination with Succimer. Succimer, an oral blood level rises causing a decreased ability for affected drug, is administered on a Subchronic basis and is not patients to mentate, Sense and move normally. This decrease indicated for BLL <20 tug/dL. Penicillamine may also be in these functions when attributable to chronic liver disease used, but is known for a particularly troublesome side effect is known as hepatic encephalopathy. profile, which limits its chronic use. Additional details are 0005. It is estimated that the economic burden to society found below. related to just the costs of hospitalization for chronic liver disease is over S1 billion annually in the United States. A 0.011 EDTA (edetate, versenate; CAS 62-33-9) remains large portion of these costs is the daily charge for the difficult to administer despite its demonstrable lead-chelat hospital room; the average Stay is approximately 6 dayS. ing activity. It remains a component of Standard of care for Thus, if an intervention could be developed that would Severe cases of lead poisoning where rapid decrease in the decrease the average length of hospital stay and/or diminish BLL is desired and requires hospitalization. Key pharma the need for patients to be hospitalized, patients with chronic cological properties of EDTA include only intravenous administration and half-life of 20 to 60 minutes. Rapid liver disease would benefit and the economic burden to clearance results in only one-half the drug remaining one Society would decrease. hour following administration and only 5% of the adminis 0006 Current standard of care includes the use of Sup tered dose remains after 24 hours. The dose must be adjusted portive care (hydration, Vitamins, nutrition administered for decreased renal clearance. Substantial monitoring is parenterally, treatment of any gastrointestinal bleeding.) and required for cardiac changes, renal function and Serum the drug lactulose, a non-absorbed disaccharide that func electrolyte changes resulting in daily phlebotomy and tions to decrease the rate of absorption of and increase the attachment to a cardiac monitor. These precautions are rate of fecal elimination of ammonia. Lactulose, which is recommended because of potential decreases in Serum Zinc, Sold as a crystalline powder in a Single-dose plastic package, copper and iron, which are also chelated by EDTA. Because is inconvenient to use in the acute hospital Setting because EDTA may only be administered parenterally, local pain and of the need for Suspension/dissolution in a Sorbitol Solution. Swelling are a risk. Systemic adverse events include fever, Moreover, lactulose is only modestly effective and does not chills, malaise, nausea, Vomiting, anorexia, myalgias, appear to have been Subjected to randomized controlled arthralgias and a histamine-like reaction. Nephrotoxicity can trials prior to receiving marketing approval by the US Food manifest as acute tubular necrosis, microscopic hematuria, and Drug Administration. proteinuria and elevated blood urea nitrogen and Serum creatinine. The liver may be affected as evidenced by 0007 Lead Poisoning Remains a Significant Health transient mild elevations of the transaminases and the bone Problem marrow may also be affected as evidenced by the findings of 0008. Despite advances in the recognition and treatment anemia and thrombocytopenia. of clinical and Subclinical lead poisoning, a large number of 0012 Succimer (CHEMET, dimercaptosuccinic acid, children in the United States are considered lead poisoned. DMSA; CAS304-55-2) is a white crystalline powder with Effective therapy exists for lowering blood lead levels, an unpleasant odor and taste characteristic of mercaptains. It however the long-term adverse event risk of these treatments is administered orally in divided doses based on the size of limit their use, especially at the lower levels of blood lead. the patient thereby making administration easier and not 0009 AS taught in a recent government publication requiring hospitalization. It is indicated for blood lead levels (Eliminating Childhood Lead Poisoning: A Federal Strategy >45 lug/dL and is expressly not indicated for prophylaxis US 2005/0106267 A1 May 19, 2005 against lead poisoning in a lead laden environment. It is half-life is short Such that following intramuscular admin effective in reducing the blood lead level, although Several istration, dimercaprol is essentially all renally excreted features limit and complicate its use. It is recommended to within 4 hours. There are a number of pronounced and administer Succimer every 8 hours for the first 5 days dose-related Side effects which the amount or dimercaprol followed by twice daily for the next 14 days. A waiting that may be administered. Approximately 50% of patients period is recommended before a Second 19-day cycle should administered the 5 mg/kg dose will experience one of begin. Weekly monitoring of the blood counts is recom Several adverse events. Amongst the most common of the mended for proper management of the drug-induced neu Side effects is a rise in Systolic and diastolic blood preSSure tropenia. If the absolute neutrophil count decreases below by up to 50 mmHg. Nausea is commonly reported and to a 1200 ful, Succimer administration should stop until recov lesser degree Vomiting. Headache is reported less commonly ery to >1500 full. Drug-induced elevations of liver tran than nausea although further details about the headache are Saminases, which are mild and transient and Seen in up to not described in the references cited. A burning Sensation in 10% of patient, should be monitored for weekly. A particular the lips, mouth and throat accompanied with the feeling of toxicity in the form of recurrent mucocutaneous eruptions constriction is well known. Conjunctivitis,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mycotoxins: a Review of Dairy Concerns
    Mycotoxins: A Review of Dairy Concerns L. W. Whitlow, Department of Animal Science and W. M. Hagler, Jr., Department of Poultry Science North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Introduction mycotoxins such as the ergots are known to affect cattle and may be prevalent at times in certain feedstuffs. Molds are filamentous (fuzzy or dusty looking) fungi that occur in many feedstuffs including roughages and There are hundreds of different mycotoxins, which are concentrates. Molds can infect dairy cattle, especially diverse in their chemistry and effects on animals. It is during stressful periods when they are immune likely that contaminated feeds will contain more than one suppressed, causing a disease referred to as mycosis. mycotoxin. This paper is directed toward those Molds also produce poisons called mycotoxins that affect mycotoxins thought to occur most frequently at animals when they consume mycotoxin contaminated concentrations toxic to dairy cattle. A more extensive feeds. This disorder is called mycotoxicosis. Mycotoxins review is available in the popular press (Whitlow and are produced by a wide range of different molds and are Hagler, 2004). classified as secondary metabolites, meaning that their function is not essential to the mold’s existence. The Major toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins thought to be U.N.’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has the most prevalent and potentially toxic to dairy cattle. estimated that worldwide, about 25% of crops are affected annually with mycotoxins (Jelinek, 1987). Such surveys Fungal genera Mycotoxins reveal sufficiently high occurrences and concentrations of Aspergillus Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, mycotoxins to suggest that mycotoxins are a constant Sterigmatocystin, Fumitremorgens, concern.
    [Show full text]
  • XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta
    Clinical Toxicology ISSN: 1556-3650 (Print) 1556-9519 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ictx20 XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta To cite this article: (2015) XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian's, Malta, Clinical Toxicology, 53:4, 233-403, DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 Published online: 26 Mar 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 3422 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ictx20 Download by: [UPSTATE Medical University Health Sciences Library] Date: 28 December 2016, At: 10:31 Clinical Toxicology (2015), 53, 233–403 Copyright © 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN: 1556-3650 print / 1556-9519 online DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1024953 ABSTRACTS XXXV International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) 26–29 May 2015, St Julian ’ s, Malta 1. Modelling dose-concentration-response Introduction: The American Association of Poison Control Cen- ters (AAPCC) published its fi rst annual report in 1983. Call data Ursula Gundert-Remy from sixteen US poison centers was chronicled in that report. Seven submitted data for the entire year. By July 2000, 63 centers Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charit é were part of the national poison center system, but only 59 submit- Medical School, Berlin, Germany ted data for the full year.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/00284.18 A1 Parker Et Al
    US 2011 002841 8A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/00284.18 A1 Parker et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 3, 2011 (54) USE OF GABBA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Publication Classification FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS AND DISORDERS ASSOCATED (51) Int. Cl. WITH EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS A63L/7028 (2006.01) A 6LX 3/557 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Kathy P. Parker, Rochester, NY A63L/335 (2006.01) (US); David B. Rye, Dunwoody, A63L/4355 (2006.01) GA (US); Andrew Jenkins, A63L/047 (2006.01) Decatur, GA (US) A6IP 25/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ........... 514/29: 514/220; 514/450, 514/291; FISH & RICHARDSON P.C. (AT) 5147738 P.O BOX 1022 Minneapolis, MN 55440-1022 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Emory University, Atlanta, GA GABA receptor mediated hypersomnia can be treated by (US) administering a GABA receptor antagonist (e.g., flumazenil; clarithromycin; picrotoxin; bicuculline; cicutoxin; and (21) Appl. No.: 12/922,044 oenanthotoxin). In some embodiments, the GABA receptor antagonist is flumazenil or clarithromycin. The GABA (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 12, 2009 receptor mediated hypersomnia includes shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, narco (86). PCT No.: PCT/USO9/37034 lepsy, excessive sleepiness, hypersomnia (e.g., idiopathic hypersomnia; recurrent hyperSonmia; endozepine related S371 (c)(1), recurrent stupor; and amphetamine resistant hyperSonmia), (2), (4) Date: Sep. 10, 2010 and excessive sleepiness associated with shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, and Related U.S. Application Data hypersomnia (e.g., idiopathic hypersomnia; recurrent hyper (60) Provisional application No.
    [Show full text]
  • AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Edition
    AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Edition Members of the Panel on Animal Depopulation Steven Leary, DVM, DACLAM (Chair); Fidelis Pharmaceuticals, High Ridge, Missouri Raymond Anthony, PhD (Ethicist); University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, DVM, PhD, DABVT, DABT (Lead, Companion Animals Working Group); Veterinary Information Network, Mahomet, Illinois Samuel Cartner, DVM, PhD, DACLAM (Lead, Laboratory Animals Working Group); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Renee Dewell, DVM, MS (Lead, Bovine Working Group); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Patrick Webb, DVM (Lead, Swine Working Group); National Pork Board, Des Moines, Iowa Paul J. Plummer, DVM, DACVIM-LA (Lead, Small Ruminant Working Group); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Donald E. Hoenig, VMD (Lead, Poultry Working Group); American Humane Association, Belfast, Maine William Moyer, DVM, DACVSMR (Lead, Equine Working Group); Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, Billings, Montana Stephen A. Smith, DVM, PhD (Lead, Aquatics Working Group); Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia Andrea Goodnight, DVM (Lead, Zoo and Wildlife Working Group); The Living Desert Zoo and Gardens, Palm Desert, California P. Gary Egrie, VMD (nonvoting observing member); USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Riverdale, Maryland Axel Wolff, DVM, MS (nonvoting observing member); Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), Bethesda, Maryland AVMA Staff Consultants Cia L. Johnson, DVM, MS, MSc; Director, Animal Welfare Division Emily Patterson-Kane, PhD; Animal Welfare Scientist, Animal Welfare Division The following individuals contributed substantively through their participation in the Panel’s Working Groups, and their assistance is sincerely appreciated. Companion Animals—Yvonne Bellay, DVM, MS; Allan Drusys, DVM, MVPHMgt; William Folger, DVM, MS, DABVP; Stephanie Janeczko, DVM, MS, DABVP, CAWA; Ellie Karlsson, DVM, DACLAM; Michael R.
    [Show full text]
  • Batrachotoxin Time-Resolved Absorption And
    Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Research Mini Review ISSN: 2633-4291 Batrachotoxin time-resolved absorption and resonance FT-IR and raman biospectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of vibronic-mode coupling structure in vibrational spectra analysis: A spectroscopic study on an anti-gum cancer drug Alireza Heidari1,2*, Jennifer Esposito1 and Angela Caissutti1 1Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA 2American International Standards Institute, Irvine, CA 3800, USA Abstract Gum cancers are cancers that arise from the gum. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of gum cancers: basal-cell gum cancer (BCC), squamous-cell gum cancer (SCC) and melanoma. Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an anti- gum cancer extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of beetles, birds, and frogs. Batrachotoxin was derived from the Greek word βάτραχος bátrachos "frog". Structurally-related chemical compounds are often referred to collectively as batrachotoxins. It is an extremely poisonous alkaloid. In certain frogs this alkaloid is present mostly on the gum. Such frogs are among those used for poisoning darts. Batrachotoxin binds to and irreversibly opens the sodium channels of nerve cells and prevents them from closing, resulting in paralysis-no antidote is known. Parameters such as FT -IR and Raman vibrational wavelengths and intensities for single crystal Batrachotoxin are calculated using density functional theory and were compared with empirical results. The investigation about vibrational spectrum of cycle dimers in crystal with carboxyl groups from each molecule of acid was shown that it leads to create Hydrogen bonds for adjacent molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • Oleandrin-Mediated Inhibition of Human Tumor Cell Proliferation: Importance of Na,K-Atpase Α Subunits As Drug Targets
    Published OnlineFirst August 11, 2009; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-1085 2319 Oleandrin-mediated inhibition of human tumor cell proliferation: Importance of Na,K-ATPase α subunits as drug targets Peiying Yang,1 David G. Menter,2 relatively higher expression of α3 with the limited expres- Carrie Cartwright,1 Diana Chan,1 Susan Dixon,1 sion of α1 may help predict which human tumors are likely Milind Suraokar,2 Gabriela Mendoza,2 to be responsive to treatment with potent lipid-soluble car- Norma Llansa,2 and Robert A. Newman1 diac glycosides such as oleandrin. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(8):2319–28] Departments of 1Experimental Therapeutics and 2Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer, Houston, Texas Introduction Cardiac glycosides are a class of compounds used to treat Abstract congestive heart failure by increasing myocardial contractile Cardiac glycosides such as oleandrin are known to inhibit force (1). Oleandrin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the Na,K-ATPase pump, resulting in a consequent increase Nerium oleander, which has been used for many years in in calcium influx in heart muscle. Here, we investigated Russia and China for this purpose. In contrast to its use the effect of oleandrin on the growth of human and mouse for the treatment of heart failure, preclinical and retrospec- cancer cells in relation to Na,K-ATPase subunits. Olean- tive patient data suggest that cardiac glycosides (e.g., digox- drin treatment resulted in selective inhibition of human in, digitoxin, ouabain, and oleandrin), may reduce the cancer cell growth but not rodent cell proliferation, which growth of various cancers including breast, lung, prostate, corresponded to the relative level of Na,K-ATPase α3 sub- and leukemia (2–7).
    [Show full text]
  • 1-Iodo-1-Pentyne
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY-THE GRADUATE SCHOOL CERTIFICATE FOR APPROVING THE DISSERTATION We hereby approve the Dissertation of Lizhi Zhu Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________ Robert E. Minto, Director ________________________________ John R. Grunwell, Reader ________________________________ John F. Sebastian, Reader ________________________________ Ann E. Hagerman, Reader ________________________________ Richard E. Lee, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT INVESTIGATING THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYACETYLENES: SYNTHESIS OF DEUTERATED LINOLEIC ACIDS & MECHANISM STUDIES OF DMDS ADDITION TO 1,4-ENYNES By Lizhi Zhu A wide range of polyacetylenic natural products possess antimicrobial, antitumor, and insecticidal properties. The biosyntheses of these natural products are widely distributed among fungi, algae, marine sponges, and higher plants. As details of the biosyntheses of these intriguing compounds remains scarce, it remains important to develop molecular probes and analytical methods to study polyacetylene secondary metabolism. An effective pathway to prepare selectively deuterium-labeled linoleic acids was developed. By this Pd-catalyzed method, deuterium can be easily introduced into the vinyl position providing deuterolinoleates with very high isotopic purity. This method also provides a general route for the construction of 1,4-diene derivatives with different chain lengths and 1,4-diene locations. Linoleic acid derivatives (12-d, 13-d and 16,16,17,17,18,18,18-d7) were synthesized according to this method. A stereoselective synthesis of methyl (14Z)- and (14E)-dehydrocrepenynate was achieved in five to six steps that employed Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to construct the double bonds between C14 and C15. Compared with earlier methods, the improved syntheses are more convenient (no spinning band distillations or GLC separation of diastereomers were necessary) and higher Z/E ratios were obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall TNP Herbals.Pptx
    8/18/14 Introduc?on to Objecves Herbal Medicine ● Discuss history and role of psychedelic herbs Part II: Psychedelics, in medicine and illness. Legal Highs, and ● List herbs used as emerging legal and illicit Herbal Poisons drugs of abuse. ● Associate main plant and fungal families with Jason Schoneman RN, MS, AGCNS-BC representave poisonous compounds. The University of Texas at Aus?n ● Discuss clinical management of main toxic Schultes et al., 1992 compounds. Psychedelics Sacraments: spiritual tools or sacred medicine by non-Western cultures vs. Dangerous drugs of abuse vs. Research and clinical tools for mental and physical http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0703.htm disorders History History ● Shamanic divinaon ○ S;mulus for spirituality/religion http://orderofthesacredspiral.blogspot.com/2012/06/t- mckenna-on-psilocybin.html http://www.cosmicelk.net/Chukchidirections.htm 1 8/18/14 History History http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/10/hallucinogenic- weapons-the-other-chemical-warfare/ http://rebloggy.com/post/love-music-hippie-psychedelic- woodstock http://fineartamerica.com/featured/misterio-profundo-pablo- amaringo.html History ● Psychotherapy ○ 20th century: un;l 1971 ● Recreaonal ○ S;mulus of U.S. cultural revolu;on http://qsciences.digi-info-broker.com http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/feature/c/38031/ http://en.wikipedia.org/nervous_system 2 8/18/14 Main Groups Main Groups Tryptamines LSD, Psilocybin, DMT, Ibogaine Other Ayahuasca, Fly agaric Phenethylamines MDMA, Mescaline, Myristicin Pseudo-hallucinogen Cannabis Dissociative
    [Show full text]
  • 92 Physiolog3~ Biochemistry and Pharmacology
    Reviews of 92 Physiolog3~ Biochemistry and Pharmacology Editors R. H. Adrian, Cambridge. H. zur Hausen, Freiburg E. Helmreich, Wiirzburg • H. Holzer, Freiburg R. Jung, Freiburg • O. Krayer, Boston R. J. Linden, Leeds. P. A. Miescher, Gen~ve J. Piiper, G6ttingen • H. Rasmussen, New Haven U. Trendelenburg, Wiirzburg • K. Ullrich, Frankfurt/M. W. Vogt, G6ttingen • A. Weber, Philadelphia With 13 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982 ISBN 3-540-11105-0 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-11105-0 Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin Library of Congress-Catalog-Card Number 74-3674 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustra- tions, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and stor- age in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to 'Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort', Munich. @ by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982 Printed in Germany. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant pro- tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Offsetprinting and Binding: Konrad Triltsch, Wt~rzburg 2121/3130-543210 Contents Cardioactive Substances that Prolong the Open State of Sodium Channels. By P. HONERJAGER, Mfinchen/Federal Re- public of Germany. With 12 Figures .... Factors Influencing Renal Sodium Reabsorption in Volume Expansion. By F. G. KNOX and J.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Palatability of a Root-Hemiparasitic Plant Influenced by Its Host Species?
    Oecologia (2005) 146: 227–233 DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0192-3 PLANTANIMALINTERACTIONS Martin Scha¨dler Æ Mareike Roeder Æ Roland Brandl Diethart Matthies Is palatability of a root-hemiparasitic plant influenced by its host species? Received: 16 November 2004 / Accepted: 21 June 2005 / Published online: 19 July 2005 Ó Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract Palatability of parasitic plants may be influ- Introduction enced by their host species, because the parasites take up nutrients and secondary compounds from the hosts. If Parasitic plants attack shoots or roots of other plants and parasitic plants acquired the full spectrum of secondary take up water, nutrients and solutes from the hosts by compounds from their host, one would expect a corre- means of specialized contact organs (haustoria, Kuijt lation between host and parasite palatability. We 1969). About 1% of all plants are parasitic and parasitic examined the palatability of leaves of the root-hemi- plants are common components of many plant commu- parasite Melampyrum arvense grown with different host nities (Molau 1995). The majority of parasitic plants are plants and the palatability of these host plants for two actually hemiparasites that have green leaves and are generalist herbivores, the caterpillar of Spodoptera lit- able to photosynthesize (Kuijt 1969). Parasitic plants can toralis and the slug Arion lusitanicus. We used 19 species drastically reduce the growth of their host plants and of host plants from 11 families that are known to con- some are important agricultural pests (Parker and Riches tain a wide spectrum of anti-herbivore compounds. 1993; Pennings and Callaway 2002). Because parasitic Growth of M.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicuta Douglasii) Tubers
    Toxicon 108 (2015) 11e14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Short communication The non-competitive blockade of GABAA receptors by an aqueous extract of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) tubers * Benedict T. Green a, , Camila Goulart b, 1, Kevin D. Welch a, James A. Pfister a, Isabelle McCollum a, Dale R. Gardner a a Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT, USA b Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania,^ Goias, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Water hemlocks (Cicuta spp.) are acutely toxic members of the Umbellierae family; the toxicity is due to Received 22 July 2015 the presence of C17-polyacetylenes such as cicutoxin. There is only limited evidence of noncompetitive Received in revised form antagonism by C17-polyacetylenes at GABAA receptors. In this work with WSS-1 cells, we documented 9 September 2015 the noncompetitive blockade of GABA receptors by an aqueous extract of water hemlock (Cicuta dou- Accepted 14 September 2015 A glasii) and modulated the actions of the extract with a pretreatment of 10 mM midazolam. Available online 28 September 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Water hemlock Cicutoxin C17-polyacetylenes Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Midazolam Water hemlocks (Cicuta spp.) are acutely toxic members of the antagonists of the GABAA receptor by binding to the picrotoxin Umbellierae, or carrot family, that grow in wet habitats such as binding site within the chloride channel to block ion flow through streambeds or marshlands, and have been considered one of the the channel (Ratra et al., 2001; Chen et al., 2006; 2011; Olsen, most toxic plants of North America for many years (Kingsbury, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Oleander and Datura Poisoning: an Update Vijay V Pillay1, Anu Sasidharan2
    INVITED ARTICLE Oleander and Datura Poisoning: An Update Vijay V Pillay1, Anu Sasidharan2 ABSTRACT India has a very high incidence of poisoning. While most cases are due to chemicals or drugs or envenomation by venomous creatures, a significant proportion also results from consumption or exposure to toxic plants or plant parts or products. The exact nature of plant poisoning varies from region to region, but certain plants are almost ubiquitous in distribution, and among these, Oleander and Datura are the prime examples. These plants are commonly encountered in almost all parts of India. While one is a wild shrub (Datura) that proliferates in the countryside and by roadsides, and the other (Oleander) is a garden plant that features in many homes. Incidents of poisoning from these plants are therefore not uncommon and may be the result of accidental exposure or deliberate, suicidal ingestion of the toxic parts. An attempt has been made to review the management principles with regard to toxicity of these plants and survey the literature in order to highlight current concepts in the treatment of poisoning resulting from both plants. Keywords: Cerbera, Datura, Nerium, Oleander, Plant poison, Thevetia. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (2019): 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23302 INTRODUCTION 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Poison Control India being a tropical country is host to a rich and varied Centre, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, flora encompassing thousands of plants; and while most are Kochi, Kerala, India nonpoisonous, a significant few possess toxic properties of varying 2Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Forensic Pathology degree.
    [Show full text]