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Cirilcni Spomenici Glamockog Polja Горан Комар Синиша Шолак ЋИРИЛИЧКИ СПОМЕНИЦИ ГЛАМОЧКОГ ПОЉА Пола миленијума ћириличке писмености Гламоча CYRILLIC MONUMENTS OF THE GLAMOČ PLATEAU Half a millenium of Cyrillic literacy in Glamoč Издавач / Publisher: Завичајно удружење Гламочко коло Бањалука Универзитет у Бањалуци Филолошки факултет Фотографије / Photography: Горан Комар Синиша Шолак Штампа / Printed by: Štamparija PLANJAX PRINT - Tešanj Рецезенти / Reviewers: Проф.др Младенко Саџак, Филолошки факултет Универзитета у Бањој Луци мр Данијел Дојчиновић, Филолошки факултет Универзитета у Бањој Луци Лектор / Editor: Проф.др Младенко Саџак Преводилац / Translator: Валентина Мијатовић Графичка припрема и корице / Graphic design and cover: Драган Мартић Тираж / Printing: 500 ISBN : 978-99955-58-50-5 Забрањено прештампавање и фотокопирање. / Copyright by Goran Komar and Siniša Šolak Unauthorized reproduction prohibited. Сва права задржавају аутор и издавач. / All rights reserved by the authors and publisher НАМЈЕРА РАДА THE AIM OF THE BOOK Намјера ове књиге је приказивање The overall aim of this book is to present ћириличког епиграфског наслијеђа Гла - the Cyrillic epigraphic heritage of Glamoč. мо ча. Одговор на питање зашто је One may ask why Glamoč? There are three изабран Гламоч, лежи у неколико чиње - main reasons - primarily because of the ница: прије свега, ово подручје обилује wealth of material evidence of a millennial материјалним доказима о више миле - continuity of human settlement and нијум ском континуитету насељено стии civilization in this area. The Glamoc plateau цивилизације; исто тако, Гламоч је пре - is also rich in Christian epigraphic heritage бо гат хришћанским епиграфским нас - which can be traced centuries back in the ље ђем које се може пратити вијеко вима past. The third reason is that Glamoc is у прошлост; на крају, Гламоч се налази situated in the western demarcation zone на западној демаркационој зони до које attached to the areas of stećak – се јавља стећак. Сама количина натписа monumental medieval toombstone. (а посједује је скоро сваки крст) The abundance of inscriptions (on almost довољно је интригантна за утврђивање every cross) is sufficiently intriguing to call мотива и времена њихових настанака. for exploration of their origin and the era Наравно, све појединачне тезе и in which they were created. Naturally, it is претпоставке није било увијек могуће not always possible to validate every single реално доказати, али је количина thesis and assumption, but the abundance пронађених, реконструисаних, обрађе - of the material evidence discovered was них и представљених материјал них sufficiently convincing and regular to be доказа била тако бројна и тако recognized as a distinctive rule and provide систематизована да је препозната као a reliable methodology to deal with својеврсно правило, као метод довољан exceptions and potential errors. за елиминацију појединачних изнимака Many material monuments offer и евентуалних грешака. irrefutable proof of at least half a Велики број материјалних споменика millennium of Cyrillic literacy disseminated пружа необориве доказе о најмање пола not only by the Serbian Orthodox Church миленијума ћириличке писмености, clergy but by the laity as well. The presence чији су носиоци били не само свеште - and continuity of the Cyrillic script were ници Српске православне цркве него и based upon a network of parishes of the лаици. Тај континуитет ћирилског писма Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna of the и база његовог трајања били су Serbian Orthodox Church. засновани на мрежи парохија под Дабробосанском митрополијом. 3 Дабробосанска митрополија Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna Дабарску епархију са седиштем у The Diocese of Dabar-Bosna with its sea манастиру Бањи код Прибоја на Лиму in Banja Monastery, near Priboj upon Lim основао је Св. Сава 1220. године. was founded in 1220 by Saint Sava. The Чињеница да Сава епархију за Босну fact that St Sava places the Diocese for поставља у дубини српске земље, у Bosnia deep in the Serb territory, in the Полимљу, а у близини средишњих valley of Lim, not far from church and црквено-политичких подручја Немањи - political centers of the regions ruled by the ћа, казује о томе да Немањићи нигдје House of Nemanjić, demonstrated that the нису наступали агресивно. Светитељ Nemanjić Dynasty have never forced their није намјеравао да позиционирањем у way aggressively. St Sava’s ambition was дубини Босне одбија утицаје римокато - not to counter Roman Catholic influences личких центара. Тако је било и у случају by positioning his Dioceses deep into проморских епархија, Зетске и Стонске- Bosnian territory. The same holds for the Захумске, гдје су присуство и утицај littoral dioceses of Zeta and Stone-Zahum цркве Рима били осјетнији. where the presence and influence of the Извори о дабарским епископима Roman Catholic Church was considerable. доста су оскудни. Најпотпуније податке Sources about the bishops of Dabar are о њима дао је шумадијски епископ Сава scarce. Most extensive information can be (Вуковић) у делу „Српски јерарси од found in Serbian Hierarchs from the ninth деветог до двадесетог века“ (1996). У to the twentieth century [Српски јерарси историји су познати сљедећи дабарски од деветог до двадесетог века] (1996) a епископи: Христифор, Јоаникије, Мето - monograph written by Bishop Sava ди је, Никола I, Јован I, Спиридон, (Vuković) of Šumadija. The following Исаија I, Јован II, Јован III, Исаија II, bishops serving in the Diocese of Dabar are Гаврило, Јован IV, Никола II и Никола known in history: Hristifor, Joanikije, III. Могуће је да је ова Савина епархија Metodije, Nikola I, Jovan I, Spiridon, Isaija уздигнута у ранг митрополије 1346. I, Jovan II, Jovan III, Isaija II, Gavrilo, године, када је проглашена Српска Jovan IV, Nikola II and Nikola III. It is патријаршија. possible that this Diocese was elevated to Када су готово све српске земље (и the rank of the Metropolitanate in 1346, Србија, и Црна Гора, и Босна, и Хум) upon the proclamation of the raising of the дошле под турску власт, почело је и Autocephalous Serbian Archbishopric to ширење јурисдикције Охридске архи - the rank of Patriarchate. епис копије на епархије Пећке However, by the time almost all Serbian па три јар шије. Покушаји смедеревског lands (including Serbia, Montenegro, митрополита Павла, тридесетих година Bosnia, and Hum) fell under Turkish rule, 16. вијека, да обнови Пећку патријар - the spread of the jurisdiction of the шију, нису дали резултате. Његов рад Archbishopric of Ohrid over the осуђен је на Архијерејском сабору 1532. Patriarchate of Peć began in earnest. године. Сабору је председавао охридски Attempts by the Smederevo Metropolitan архиепископ Прохор, а у његовом раду Paul, at the beginning of the 16th century, учествовао је и босански митрополит to restore the Patriarchate of Peć, were 4 Марко. Ипак, турске власти су увидјеле unsuccessful. His work was condemned at могућу корист од поновног успоставља - the Archbishopric Assembly in 1532. ња Патријаршије, јер је народ стајао Archbishop Prohor of Ohrid presided over миран. У таквим околностима дошло је the Assembly, and Metropolitan Marko of 1557. године до обнављања Пећке Bosnia Metropolitanate also took part. патријаршије, а за првог патријарха Nevertheless, the Turkish authorities saw a изабран је заслужни Макарије Соколо - possible benefit from the re-establishment вић (1557-1571). of the Patriarchate in order to keep the Јурисдикција обновљене Пећке патри - population peaceful. In such circumstances, јар шије простирала се на све српске in 1557, the restoration of the Patriarchate земље под Турцима. Скоро читави српски of Peć ensued, with Makarije Sokolović народ дошао је тада под духовну власт (1557-1571) being elected as its first Пећке патријаршије. Успостављајући patriarch. редовно стање у Патријаршији, патријарх The jurisdiction of the restored Peć Макарије је извео нову организацију Patriarchate spread to all Serbian lands Цркве. Босна и Далмација, осим звор - under the Turkish rule. Almost the entire ничке области, где је постојала засебна Serbian population fell under the spiritual епископија, дошле су под духовну власт authority of the Patriarchate of Peć. Дабарског, односно Дабробосанског Establishing some stability in the митро полита. Изузетно је важна чињени - Patriarchate, Makarije carried out a new ца да је митрополит имао свог заменика territorial organization of the Church. у Далмацији у лицу игумана манастира Bosnia and Dalmatia, in addition to the Крке. Познато је да је Далмација много Zvornik region, with its separate bishopric, пропатила и да је њезина православна came under spiritual authority of Dabar, or црква једна од најпрогоњенијих (митро - the Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna. It is по лит Стефан Љубибратић прогнан је particularly important that the Metropolitan 1722. године, а митрополит Симеон appointed, as his deputy in Dalmatia, the Кончаревић 1758/9). Abbot of the Krka Monastery. It is well Први дабарски архијереј после обнав - known that Dalmatia has already suffered љања Пећке патријаршије био је Варлам a lot and that its Orthodox Church was one (око 1557). Столовао је у манастиру Бањи. of the most persecuted (Metropolitan Око 1573. године помиње се Дабробосан - Stefan Ljubibratić was expelled in 1722, ски митрополит Симеон, за кога се зна and Metropolitan Simeon Končarević in захваљујући једном његовом писму на 1758/9). коме се потписао као „митрополит The first archbishop of Dabar following Дабробосански, зворнички, клишки и the restoration of the Patriarchate of Peć целе Далмације”. Две године касније
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